Colonies Prosper
Interesting Facts
• Therealpurposeofthe
colonialsystemwasto
enrichBritain
• Establishedbythe
theoryofmercantilism
• Englandwas
concentratedonthe
balanceoftrade–
amountofgoodssoldvs.
whatwasbought
Navigation Acts
• Englandviewedthe
colonists’pursuitof
beingprosperousan
economicthreat
• Beginningin1651,
Parliamentpassed
theNavigationActs
• Largefamilies:1215Children
• Leisure:Churchlastedallday.Other“fun”
activitiesincludedbarnraisingsand
quiltings
• Church:Prayerslasted1‐2hours,and
menandwomenseparate
• Nocountrycouldtrade
withthecoloniesunless
thegoodswereshipped
inEnglishships
Tensions Emerge
• Allvesselshadtobe
operatedbycrewsthat
wereatleast¾English
• Manycolonistsresentedthetraderestrictions
andcontinuedtosmuggleortradeillegally
goodstoandfromothercountriesotherthan
England.
• Thecoloniescouldonly
exportcertaingoodsto
England.
• Almostallgoodstraded
betweenthecolonies
andEuropehadtopass
throughanEnglishport
• TheActsdidnotsitwellwitheverycolonists.
• KingCharlespunishedindividualsfornot
followinglaws,butMassachusettscolony’s
corporatecharterwasrevokedandthey
becamearoyalcolonyunderstrictcontrolof
thecrown.
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Dominion of New England
• Seekingtomake
northerncolonies
moreobedient,King
Jamesplacedthe
landfromMaineto
NewJerseyunited
underonevast
colony:Dominionof
NewEngland
• GovernorEdmond
Androscontrolled
theentirearea.
Southern Colonies
•
•
•
•
•
Virginia
Maryland
NorthCarolina
SouthCarolina
Georgia
The Glorious Revolution
• In1689,Parliamentvotedtoofferthethroneto
WilliamandMary.
• Mary:theProtestantdaughterofKingJames
• Parliamentpassedaseriesoflawsestablishing
itspoweroverthemonarch.
• Theselawsestablishedthesupremacyofthe
parliament.
CharacteristicsoftheSouth
• Producedasinglecashcropona
plantation
• Primarilyafarmingeconomy
• Veryfewmerchants
• Veryfewmajorcities…Majorport
CharlesTown(laterCharleston,SC)
• Fewersocialproblemsbecauseofless
urbansociety
• Moreuniformpopulation
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Agricultural South
Planters
Triangular Trade
SocialLadderoftheSouth
2nd Class
Citizens
SmallFarmers
Women
Indentured
Servants
American
Colonies
Sugarand
molasses
(tomakerum)
Slaves
Characteristics of the North/Middle Colonies
•
•
•
•
Producedseveralcropsperfarm
Developedthrivingcommercialindustry
StrongMerchantclass
Numerouscities– Boston,NewYork,
Philadelphia(2nd largestbesidesLondon)
• Widevarietyofsocialproblemsduetolarge
population
• Moreethnic,religious,andnationalgroups
amongpopulations
Rumandother
goods
TheMiddle
Passage
slaves
Europeand
WestAfrica
WestIndies
New England Colonies
•
•
•
•
Massachusetts
NewHampshire
Connecticut
RhodeIsland
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Middle Colonies
•
•
•
•
NewYork
Delaware
NewJersey
Pennsylvania
Characteristicsofthe
MiddleColonieswerethat
ofNewEngland
Society Groups of the North
• Germanswentto
Pennsylvania
becauseofthe
religioustoleration
• ScotsandIrish:
Philadelphia
• Dutch:NewYork
• Scandinavians:
• TheMennoniteswere
Delaware
onegroup
• Jews:Newportand
• Theysharedthe
Philadelphia
Quakersoppositionto
war
The North
• Highpopulationcausedproblems
•
•
•
•
•
•
Firewoodwasscarce
Firespreadrapidly
Garbagewashardtogetridof
Cleanwaterwasscarce
Diseasespreadrapidly
Humanexcrementwashardtogetridof
Slavery
• Peoplewhoareconsidered
thepropertyofothers.
• EarlyEnglishcolonies
forcedNativestoworkfor
them.
• Astheamountof
indenturedservants
decreased,African
Americanslavesincreased
TriangularTrade
• By1690,nearly13,000
slavestoiledthesouth.
1750:200,000
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Middle Passage
Triangular Trade
American
Colonies
Sugarand
molasses
(tomakerum)
• VoyagethatbroughtAfricansto
NorthAmerica.
• Slaveswerebranded
Rumandother
goods
TheMiddle
Passage
slaves
• Theywerebeatandwhipped
Europeand
WestAfrica
WestIndies
Slavery in the North
• Therewasslaveryin • Lawsstillwouldnot
thenorthaswellas
allowslavesto
racialprejudice
gatherinpublic,
carryweaponsand
• Morerights
werenotprotected
• Appealtocolonial
courts
againstpunishment
• Testifyagainstwhites
incourt
• Diseasewasrampant
• Smellofblood,sweat,and
excrementfilledtheship
• Theylivedintheirownvomitand
waste
Women of the North/South
• WomenhadfewrightsSecond
classcitizenshipasinmost
othercolonialtownswith
limitedlegalorsocialrights
• Religionheldwomen
subservienttohusbands
• Generally,taughtthebasics:
reading,writing,and,math
• Domestictasksofcanning,
sewing,embroideryandmost
otherhouseholdchores
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Enlightenment
• PhilosophersinEuropeusereasonand
thescientificmethodtoobtain
knowledge.
• Copernicus,Galileo,Newton
• Spreadtothecolonies
• EnlightenmentthinkerssuchasJohn
Lockeinfluencedtheformationof
Americagreatly
• Example:Life,Liberty,Propertyinthe
DeclarationofIndependence
Benjamin Franklin
• MostfamousEnlightenment
thinker
• Gaintruththrough
experimentationandreasoning
• Lightningwasaformofelectricity
(kiteinthunderstorm)
• Accomplishments:WrotePoor
Richard’sAlmanac,Pennsylvania
Gazette,improvedpostalsystem,
repealofStampAct,several
inventions
Halfway Covenant
The Great Awakening
• CreatedbyPuritansin1662.Itwaspromoted
bytheReverendSolomonStoddard
• FeltthatthepeopleoftheEnglishcolonies
weredriftingawayfromtheiroriginal
religiouspurpose
• Lessreligionandmoredesireformaterial
wealth
• Madeiteasiertobecomeafullmemberof
thechurchtherefore,morepeoplecouldvote
• Bytheearly1700’sPuritanidealshad
lostitsappealoncitizens
• JonathanEdwardswantedtorevivethe
intensityoftheoriginalPuritanVision
• LeadstotheGreatAwakening:Aperiod
ofreligiousrevivaltorestorethemoral
vision
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