Industrial Revolution
First Industrial Revolution 1730-1850
Great Britain
• The Industrial Revolution
began in Great Britain and
traveled to America
• Shocked and awakened the
world
• New inventions and
improvements in
technologies
Industrial Revolution Geographic
Diversity
• Northern states would create more factories and
Industrial products and larger cities that urbanized
with more jobs
• North: with new immigrants new progress and
ideas change was good (progressive)
• North: Slavery illegal and evil
• Southern states would remain agricultural
• Slave labor and plantations
• South: Less change meant traditional values
• South: slavery legal and necessary
1793 Samuel Slater
• English design
• Pawtucket, Rhode
Island
• First American
water-powered mill
1822 Francis Lowell
• Lowell Mills turned out cotton cloth in
Massachusetts
• Mainly female workers, 14 hours/day, 6
days/week
• Over 40 mill buildings and 10,000 looms
1837 John Deere
• Illinois
• Steel plow to aid western
farm lands
• 1849 made 2,000/year
• 1857 over 9 different models
• Farm better
Cyrus McCormick
• 1831 Mechanical Reaper,
cut the work of five
farmers to harvest crops
and bundle
• 1902 International
Harvester Company
Samuel Morse
• 1840 Telegraph and
Morse Code for faster
long-distance
communication
• Cable wire and
transmitter
• 1844 First
Communication
• 1866 America to Europe
1807 Robert Fulton
• First successful steamship Clermont
• Transport goods and passengers faster
than sail ships
• Steam power: coal/water
Erie Canal
• Completed 1825 & 363 Miles long
• Connected Great Lakes to the Hudson River,
NY
• Manufactured goods/textiles/machine
parts sent West
• Agriculture/Lumber shipped East
Erie Canal Route: Lake Erie to the
Hudson River
National Roads
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Started 1811 & Completed 1841
800 miles long
Faster transportation & Communication
Cumberland, Maryland to Vandalia,
Illinois
Railroad
• 1830 First steam powered train
• 1831 Charleston, SC first passenger train
service
• 1840 Over 3,000 miles of track
• Speed, power, reliability and strength
improved transportation drastically
Cotton Kingdom
• With the Cotton Gin, cotton planting soared
• Virginia through Texas was considered the cotton
belt
• Britain had the largest demand for cotton in their
cottage industry (home spun mills)
• Britain would support deals with Southern states
• 1807-1890s Cotton was America’s largest and
most valuable export
• Cotton King: Senator James Hammond of South
Carolina stated how important and profitable
cotton was in Congress
1794 Eli Whitney
• New Haven, Connecticut
• Planned Whitneyville Village
• South: Cotton Gin: pulled seeds
out of cotton & increased
cotton demand
• North: Interchangeable parts
for a musket, 30 parts, order for
10,000 muskets in two years,
main competition: Springfield
Armory
Slavery Increased and Spread
• Original farms were small and non-slave worked
• Cotton pushed large wealthier plantation to use
slavery (demand up)
• 1808 Importation of enslaved people banned
• Illegal Southern ports open including: Virginia,
Carolinas and Louisiana
• Slavery spread to Mississippi, Georgia and Alabama
• One-Third of Southern population were enslaved
• Only one-fourth of whites owned slaves
• More slaves equaled more cotton which meant
more wealth
Southern Crops
• Cotton became #1
• Other crops: sugarcane, rice, indigo, rice
and tobacco
Sewing Machine
Increased Textile productions
• Spinning Jenny
• Power Loom
• Sewing Machine