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Edexcel GCSE
Biology
Unit B3: Using Biology
Higher Tier
Additional Sample Assessment Material
Time: 1 hour
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Calculator, Ruler
Paper Reference
5BI3H/01
Total Marks
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• centrethe
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• Answer
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• The
marks for each question are shown in brackets
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– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
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•
S39599A
©2011 Edexcel Limited.
6/8/8/2/3/
*S39599A0116*
Turn over
Answer ALL questions
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
Inheritance patterns
1 (a) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
An unfertilised egg cell is adapted to its function because it has a
(1)
A cytoplasmic food store and a diploid nucleus
B cytoplasmic food store and a haploid nucleus
C tail for motility and a diploid nucleus
D tail for motility and a haploid nucleus
(b)The diagram shows an egg and a sperm at fertilisation.
(i) Explain how the acrosome helps the sperm to fertilise the egg.
(2)
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(ii) The sex of an individual is determined at fertilisation.
State how the sex of an individual is determined by the sperm cell.
(1)
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2
*S39599A0216*
(c) Haemophilia is a sex-linked genetic disorder which reduces the ability of the blood
to clot.
It is more common in males than females.
(i) Haemophilia affects 1 in 10 000 males.
Calculate the number of people with haemophilia in a city with a population
of 2 million males.
(2)
number of males affected by haemophilia = .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Complete the Punnett square to show the inheritance of haemophilia from a
cross between a female carrier and an unaffected male.
gamete
genotype
female carrier
Key
XH
XH – shows normal allele
Xh – shows haemophiliac
allele
Xh
(2)
unaffected
male
(Total for Question 1 = 8 marks)
*S39599A0316*
3
Turn over
Animal behaviour
2 (a) The photograph shows a male robin.
Over a year, this robin got closer and closer to a person even though it was not
rewarded.
(i) Which type of behaviour is being shown by the robin?
Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
A classical conditioning
Bhabituation
C innate
D operant conditioning
(ii) This robin displays its red breast by plumping up its feathers when another
male robin enters the garden.
Suggest why it behaves in this way.
(1)
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(iii)
A cat came into the garden to catch the robin but a dog barked, which scared
the cat away.
Describe how a dog could be trained to bark at cats.
(2)
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4
*S39599A0416*
(b)Dogs are descended from wolves.
Wolves leave small amounts of urine on raised structures called scent posts.
Suggest why wolves use scent posts.
(2)
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(c) The picture shows two wolves at the end of a fight.
wolf A
wolf B
Explain why wolf A stopped moving and exposed its neck to wolf B.
(2)
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(Total for Question 2 = 8 marks)
*S39599A0516*
5
Turn over
The evolution of modern humans
3 (a) The diagram below shows a timeline for some species of hominids.
millions of years ago
5
4
3
2
1
0
Homo sapiens
Homo erectus
Homo habilis
Australopithecus africanus
Australopithecus afarensis
Ardipithecus ramidus
(i) The fossil named ‘Lucy’ is thought to have inhabited the earth 3.2 million
years ago.
Which genus and species does she belong to?
Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
A Australopithecus afarensis
B Australopithecus africanus
C Homo habilis
D Homo erectus
6
*S39599A0616*
(1)
(ii) The table shows the average cranial (brain) capacity of these hominid species.
average cranial capacity
/ cm3
hominid species
Ardipithecus ramidus
325
Australopithecus afarensis
400
Australopithecus africanus
475
Homo habilis
650
Homo erectus
1040
Homo sapiens
1350
Using information from the timeline and the table, describe how the average
cranial capacity for these hominid species has changed over time.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(iii) In 2010 a fossil of a hominid, thought to have lived 2 million years ago, was
discovered in South Africa.
Using information from the timeline and the table, estimate the cranial
capacity of this fossil.
(1)
cranial capacity = ............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cm3
*S39599A0716*
7
Turn over
(b)The map shows the route the first human ancestors are thought to have taken out
of Africa.
(i) Explain why human ancestors migrated out of Africa.
(2)
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(ii) Suggest the benefits to human ancestors of this migration route out of Africa.
(2)
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(c)State two methods scientists have used to track the routes used by human
ancestors.
(2)
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(Total for Question 3 = 10 marks)
8
*S39599A0816*
Biofuels
4 (a) The picture shows the price in pence per litre of two fuels.
(i) A car can be driven 20 kilometres on one litre of diesel or biodiesel.
The car travels 60 kilometres using diesel.
Calculate the saving that would have been made if the car had used biodiesel.
answer = ................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pence
(1)
(ii) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
One disadvantage of using biofuels to replace fossil fuels is that
(1)
A biofuels are biodegradable
B biofuels are carbon neutral
C biofuels are more expensive than alternative fuels
D biofuel production uses farm land
*S39599A0916*
9
Turn over
(b)The table shows the biodiesel used in Europe from 2006 to 2010.
year
biodiesel used / megatonnes
2006
4.1
2007
5.9
2008
7.2
2009
8.2
2010
10.0
(i) Use the data in the table to plot the rest of the points on the graph.
(1)
16 –
biodiesel used in Europe
in megatonnes
15 –
14 –
13 –
12 –
11 –
10 –
9–
8–
7–
6–
5–
4–
3–
2–
1–
year
10
*S39599A01016*
2011
–
2010
–
2009
–
2008
–
2007
–
–
–
0–
2006
2012
(ii) Use your graph to estimate the mass of biodiesel that will be used in Europe
in 2012.
(1)
answer = ............................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . megatonnes
(c) This headline appeared in a newspaper.
Company creates insect resistant sugar beet to sell to world
(i) Describe the role of Bacillus thuringiensis in genetically modifying this sugar
beet.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(ii) Describe the advantages and disadvantages of using this GM sugar beet.
(4)
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(Total for Question 4 = 10 marks)
*S39599A01116*
11
Turn over
The biotechnology industry
5 (a) The graph shows the change in mass of a product in a fermenter in the presence
and absence of oxygen.
30 –
mass of
product /g
25 –
oxygen present
oxygen absent
20 –
15 –
10 –
5–
8
–
4
6
time / hours
–
–
2
–
–
–
0–
0
10
(i) State the mass of the product after 8 hours with oxygen present.
(1)
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(ii) Using the information on the graph, describe the effect of oxygenation on the
mass of the product.
(2)
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12
*S39599A01216*
(iii) Which of the following statements does not apply to food production in a
fermenter?
Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
A it allows rapid growth of microorganisms
B it can use waste products as a substrate
C the growth rate is independent of the external conditions
D the microorganisms must grow aerobically
(b)Fermenters have many features which allow microorganisms to grow effectively.
One of these features is to bubble oxygen into the fermenter.
Explain one other feature of a fermenter which helps it to produce maximum
yield.
(2)
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*S39599A01316*
13
Turn over
*(c) A fermenter can be used to grow bacteria that have been genetically modified to
contain the human insulin gene.
Explain the steps needed to genetically modify a bacterium to produce human
insulin before the bacteria are grown in the fermenter.
You may draw labelled diagrams to help with your answer.
(6)
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(Total for Question 5 = 12 marks)
14
*S39599A01416*
Urine production
6 (a) The diagram shows the structure of a kidney nephron.
X
(i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
The part labelled X is the
(1)
A collecting duct
B convoluted tubule
Cglomerulus
D loop of Henlé
(ii) Describe how urea is moved from the blood into the kidney nephron.
(2)
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(iii) State why some substances such as blood proteins stay in the blood plasma
and do not enter the nephron.
(1)
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*S39599A01516*
15
Turn over
(iv) Describe how glucose is reabsorbed into the blood as it moves through the
kidney nephron.
(2)
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*(b)Water is reabsorbed from the collecting duct.
The rate of reabsorption of water varies depending on the water content of the
blood.
Explain how the body regulates the reabsorption of water for a person who has
not been drinking for 24 hours.
(6)
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(Total for Question 6 = 12 marks)
total for paper = 60 marks
16
*S39599A01616*
Additional Sample Mark scheme
GCSE Science 2011
GCSE
GCSE Science (5BI3H/01)
Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No. 4496750
Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London WC1V 7BH
General Marking Guidance
•
All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the
first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
•
Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for
what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions.
•
Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their
perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
•
There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be
used appropriately.
•
All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners
should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the
mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the
candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
•
For questions worth more than one mark, the answer column shows how
partial credit can be allocated. This has been done by the inclusion of part
marks eg (1).
•
Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles
by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited.
•
When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme
to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.
•
Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it
with an alternative response.
Quality of Written Communication
Questions which involve the writing of continuous prose will expect candidates to:
•
Write legibly, with accurate spelling, grammar and punctuation in order to
make the meaning clear
•
Select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to
complex subject matter
•
Organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary
when appropriate.
Full marks will be awarded if the candidate has demonstrated the above abilities.
Questions where QWC is likely to be particularly important are indicated (QWC) in the mark
scheme, but this does not preclude others.
5BI3H/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
General Information
The following symbols are used in the mark schemes for all questions:
Symbol
eq
Meaning of symbol
Indicates that credit should be given for other
correct alternatives to a word or statement
/ oblique
Words or phrases separated by an oblique are
alternatives to each other
{ } curly brackets
( ) round brackets
Indicate the beginning and end of a list of
alternatives (separated by obliques) where
necessary to avoid confusion
Words inside round brackets are to aid
understanding of the marking point but are not
required to award the point
5BI3H/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
1(a)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
B
(1)
Question
Number
1(b)(i)
Question
Number
1(b)(ii)
Question
Number
1(c)(i)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
An explanation linking the following
points
•
contains enzymes (1)
•
digests the cell membrane (1)
Answer
(2)
Acceptable answers
sperm cell contains either an X
chromosome for a female or a Y
chromosome for a male
Answer
Mark
(1)
Acceptable answers
Mark
give full marks for correct answer, no
working
(2)
2 000 000 / 10 000(1)
= 200 (1)
Question
Number
1(c)(ii)
Answer
Acceptable answers
correct completion of male gametes (1)
Accept if X Y male reversed
Mark
correct completion of offspring (1)
female carrier
gamete
genoty
pe
unaffec
ted
male
XH
Y
XH
Xh
XH XH
XH Xh
XH Y
Xh Y
(2)
5BI3H/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
2(a)(i)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
B
(1)
Question
Number
2(a)(ii)
Question
Number
2(a)(iii)
Question
Number
2(b)
Question
Number
2(c)
Answer
Acceptable answers
to make it look {larger / more
threatening}
Answer
Mark
(1)
Acceptable answers
Mark
A description including two of the
following points
•
(wait until) dog barks at cat
(1)
•
reward dog with {praise /
biscuit / eq} (1)
•
until behaviour reinforced /
animal conditioned (1)
Answer
(2)
Acceptable answers
•
mark their territory (with
scent or pheromones) (1)
•
warn other wolves to keep out
(1)
Answer
Mark
(2)
Acceptable answers
Mark
An explanation linking the following
points
•
showing {submission /
respect} (1)
•
to dominant animal (male) (1)
(2)
5BI3H/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
3(a)(i)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
A
(1)
Question
Number
3(a)(ii)
Question
Number
3(a)(iii)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
A description including two of the
following points
•
brain capacity has increased
over time (1)
•
brain capacity increased
slowly initially (1)
•
large increase in brain
capacity between {1 and 2
million years ago / Homo
habilis and Homo erectus} (1)
•
correct manipulation of data
from the table (1)
Answer
(2)
Acceptable answers
Mark
Any value between 475 – 650 (cm3)
(1)
Question
Number
3(b)(i)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
An explanation linking the following
points
•
population growth (1)
•
reducing competition / lack of
food (1)
•
climate change (1)
•
lack of food (1)
Accept ability to use fire / tools
aided migration to happen
OR
(2)
5BI3H/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
3(b)(ii)
Question
Number
3(c)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
Any two from the following points
•
followed the coastline (1)
•
readily available food supply
from the sea (1)
•
short distances travelled
across water (1)
Answer
Accept easier route e.g. avoiding
mountains
(2)
Acceptable answers
Mark
Any two from the following points
•
analysis of fossils (1)
•
analysis of tools / artefacts
(1)
•
analysis of mitochondrial DNA
(1)
(2)
5BI3H/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
4(a) (i)
Answer
Acceptable answers
3 x 15(p)
(1)
= 45 (p / pence) (1)
Question
Number
4(a)(ii)
Mark
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
D
(1)
Question
Number
4(b)(i)
Question
Number
4(b)(ii)
Answer
Acceptable answers
all three points plotted correctly
within half a small square
Mark
(1)
Answer
Acceptable answers
12.5 ±0.4 (megatonnes)
correct reading from candidates
graph if line of best fit drawn in and
is reasonable.
Mark
(1)
Question
Number
4(c) (i)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
A description including the following
points
•
the source of the gene (1)
•
for an insecticide (1)
(2)
5BI3H/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
4(c)(ii)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
A description linking up to three of the
following points
advantages
• a higher crop yield of sugar beet
•
(due to) less pest damage
•
can produce biofuels
•
(so) less dependent on imports
•
less environmental impact than spraying
insecticides
Accept less pests to
transfer viruses / eq
A description linking up to three of the
following points
disadvantages
•
seeds are more expensive
•
have to keep buying these seeds (as
plants infertile)
•
danger of super weeds (due to genetic
transfer)
•
Accept cross fertilisation
for genetic transfer
Accept consumer resistance
(4)
(which) compete with crops e.g.
nutrients
5BI3H/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
5(a)(i)
Answer
Acceptable answers
27 g
(1)
units must be included
Question
Number
5(a)(ii)
Question
Number
5(a)(iii)
Mark
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
A description including two of the
following points
•
aerobic growth leads to
greater mass of product (1)
•
it increases at a faster rate
(1)
•
correct manipulation of
figures from the graph (1)
Answer
(2)
Acceptable answers
Mark
D
(1)
5BI3H/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
5(b)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
An explanation linking the following
pairs
•
•
water jacket
(to) control temperature
•
•
paddles
(to) spread {substrate /
microorganisms} evenly
•
•
pH probe / alkali inlet
(to) allow pH level to be
maintained
•
feature linked to aseptic
technique e.g. air filter
prevent contamination by
unwanted microorganisms /
named organism
OR
OR
OR
•
(2)
5BI3H/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
*5(c)
QWC
Indicative content
Mark
An explanation linking the following points in a logical order
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
recombinant DNA technology is used
human insulin gene removed from genome with enzymes
restriction enzymes
produces sticky ends
plasmid removed from bacteria
plasmid cut with same restriction enzymes
complementary sticky ends
plasmid and gene mixed
ligase used to reform plasmids
plasmid inserted back into bacteria
GM bacteria grown in a fermenter
(6)
Level
0
1
1-2
No rewardable material
•
•
•
•
2
3-4
•
•
•
•
•
3
5–6
•
•
•
•
•
•
the response is a simple explanation about the insulin gene being inserted
into the bacteria
many of the stages of the process will be missing, incorrect or
non-sequential
may be reference to enzymes
the answer communicates ideas using simple language and uses limited
scientific terminology
spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with limited accuracy
there is an explanation of some of the stages involved in the insertion of the
human insulin gene into a bacterial plasmid
some of the stages will be missing or in an incorrect order
will correctly mention some of the uses of enzymes and sticky ends
the answer communicates ideas showing some evidence of clarity and
organisation and uses scientific terminology appropriately
spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with some accuracy
there is a detailed explanation of most of the stages involved in producing
bacteria which express the human insulin gene
most or all of the stages will be present and in the correct order
the process will include correct reference to the use of restriction enzymes,
sticky ends and ligase
the answer communicates ideas clearly and coherently uses a range of
scientific terminology accurately
spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with few errors
5BI3H/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
6(a)(i)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
D
(1)
Question
Number
6(a)(ii)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
A description to include the following
points
Accept ultrafiltration for both marks
Question
Number
6(a)(iii)
Question
Number
6(a)(iv)
•
filtration (1)
•
under pressure (1)
Answer
(2)
Acceptable answers
blood proteins are too big to fit
through small holes in Bowman’s
capsule
Answer
Mark
(1)
Acceptable answers
Mark
A description to including the
following points
•
in convoluted tubule (1)
•
selective reabsorption /
reabsorption by active
transport (1)
(2)
5BI3H/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
*6(b)
QWC
Indicative content
An explanation linking some of the following points in a logical order
Level
0
• osmoregulation
• water content of blood low / blood concentration high
• monitored by osmoreceptors
• in hypothalamus / brain
• pituitary gland releases more ADH
• ADH carried in blood to target organ /kidney/ nephron / collecting duct
• collecting duct wall will become more permeable to water
• so more water reabsorbed into the blood
• by osmosis
• as blood concentration returns to normal, less ADH produced
• this is an example of negative feedback
No rewardable material
1
1-2
•
•
•
2
3-4
3
5–6
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mark
(6)
the response is a simple explanation about water being reabsorbed
many of the stages of the process will be missing, incorrect or non
sequential
the answer communicates ideas using simple language and uses limited
scientific terminology
spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with limited accuracy
there is a reasonable description of the role of ADH
some of the stages will be missing or in an incorrect order
will mention some of the structures involved e.g. brain, target organ
the answer communicates ideas showing some evidence of clarity and
organisation and uses scientific terminology appropriately
spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with some accuracy
there is a detailed description of the stages involved in osmoregulation
most or all of the stages will be present and in the correct order
the process will include correct reference to the structures involved
the answer communicates ideas clearly and coherently uses a range of
scientific terminology accurately
spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with few errors
5BI3H/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme