SOL 7.1
ascending order
Numbers listed in order from smallest to
largest
decimal
The numbers in the base 10 number
system, having one or more places to
the right of a decimal point
denominator
The bottom number of a fraction
descending order
Numbers listed from largest to smallest
equivalent
Having the same value
fraction
A number used to name a part of a group or a
whole. The number below the bar is the
denominator, and the number above the bar is
the numerator.
greater than or
equal to
Symbols that describe a relationship in
which the expression on the left is
greater than the expression on the right
SOL 7.1 (continued)
less than or
equal to
Symbols that describe a relationship in
which the expression on the left is less
than the expression on the right
numerator
The top number of a fraction
percent
A ratio that compares a number to 100
place value
The use in number systems of the position of a digit in a
number to indicate the value of the digit; the same digit
in different place-value positions has different
meanings. For example, the "3" has a value of 0.003
(three thousandths) in the number 0.1234, but the "3"
has a value of 0.3 (three tenths) in the number 0.321.
product
The result of two numbers being
multiplied together
scientific notation
A number written as a product of a
number that is at least one but less
than 10, and a power of 10
SOL 7.2
arithmetic
sequence
A sequence in which each term is found
by adding the same number to the
previous term
common
difference
In an arithmetic sequence, the number
that is added to each previous number
to obtain the next number
common ratio
In a geometric sequence, the number
that is multiplied by each previous
number to obtain the next number
geometric
sequence
A sequence in which each term can be
found by multiplying the previous term
by the same number
SOL 7.3
checking account
balance
An accounting of deposits and
withdrawals of money
deposit
The act of putting money into a bank
withdrawal
The act of taking out money from a bank
SOL 7.3 (continued)
Integers
Set of whole numbers and their
opposites {…-2, -1, 0, 1, 2…}
sum
The result of addition
difference
The result of subtraction
zero pairs
A pair of numbers whose sum is zero
quotient
The result of division
product
The result of multiplication
base
In a power, the number used as a factor
SOL 7.3 (continued)
exponent
In a power, the number that tells how
many times the base is used as a factor
expression
A mathematical phrase that contains
operations, numbers, and/or variables
order of
operations
The rules to follow when more than one
operation is used in a numerical
expression
powers
Numbers expressed using exponents
SOL 7.4
discount
The amount by which the regular price of
an item is reduced
investment
Money that is deposited with an
expectation of profit
loan
The provision of money temporarily; to
lend
SOL 7.4 (continued)
original price
The cost of an item(s) without a
discount, sales tax, or tip included
principal
The amount of an investment or a debt
rate of interest
The percent charged or earned on an
amount of money
sales price
Determined by subtracting the discount
from the original price of the
merchandise
dimension
The measure of the magnitude or size of
an object. So the dimensions of a cube
are the length, width and height. These
values describe how large the cube is.
equivalent
fractions
Fractions that have the same value
proportion
An equation that shows that two ratios
are equivalent
SOL 7.4 (continued)
rate
A ratio that compares two quantities with
different kinds of units
scale drawing
A drawing that is similar but either larger
or smaller than the actual object
SOL 7.5
circumference
The distance around a circle
cylinder
A three-dimensional figure with two
parallel, congruent, circular bases
diameter
The distance across a circle through its
center
net
An arrangement of two-dimensional
figures that can be folded to form a
polyhedron
radius
The distance from the center of a circle
to any point on the circle
SOL 7.5 (continued)
rectangular prism
A solid figure that has two parallel and
congruent bases that are rectangles
volume
The number of cubic units needed to fill
the space occupied by a solid
surface area
The sum of the areas of all the surfaces
(faces) of a three-dimensional figure
SOL 7.6
congruent
Figures or angles that have the same
size and shape
congruent
polygons
Similar polygons for which the ratio of
the corresponding sides is one-to-one
corresponding
angles
Angles that have the same relative
positions in geometric figures
corresponding
sides
Sides that have the same relative
positions in geometric figures
SOL 7.6 (continued)
similar polygons
Figures that have the same shape but
not necessarily the same size
adjacent sides
Two sides of a polygon that share a
common vertex
SOL 7.7
isosceles
trapezoid
A trapezoid with one pair of noncongruent, parallel sides and one pair
of congruent, non-parallel sides
trapezoid
A trapezoid with one pair of noncongruent, parallel sides
rectangle
A parallelogram with four right angles
parallelogram
A quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel
sides
SOL 7.7 (continued)
quadrilateral
A closed figure having four sides and
four angles
rhombus
A parallelogram with four congruent
sides
square
A parallelogram having four right angles
and four congruent sides
parallel
Extending in the same direction
congruent
Equal in size and shape
PRACTICE:
Cut out the items below and practice sorting the pictures, names of the polygons, and the polygon
characteristics.
parallelogram
opposite sides
are parallel
and congruent
opposite angles
are congruent
isosceles
trapezoid
1 pair of opposite
sides are parallel
2 pair of adjacent
angles are
congruent
square
opposite sides
are parallel
and
4 congruent
sides
4 right angles
rectangle
opposite sides
are parallel
and congruent
4 right angles
trapezoid
1 pair of opposite
sides are parallel
may have 2 right
angles OR may
have all angles
with different
measures
rhombus
opposite sides
are parallel and
4 congruent sides
opposite angles
are congruent
SOL 7.8
vertical axis
The y-axis in a coordinate plane which
spans from top to bottom
horizontal axis
The x-axis in a coordinate plane which
spans from left to right
ordered pairs
A pair of numbers used to locate a point
in a coordinate plane. An ordered pair
is written in the form (x-coordinate, ycoordinate).
center of rotation
The point about which a figure is rotated
origin
The point at which the x-axis and the yaxis intersect in a coordinate plane
rotation
A turn of a figure around a fixed point
translation
A slide of the figure at which all points
on the figure move the same distance
in the same direction
SOL 7.8 (continued)
dilation
A transformation that changes the size
of a figure by a scale factor to create a
similar figure
reflection
A flip of a geometric figure across a line
transformation
A mapping of a geometric figure
SOL 7.9
experimental
probability of an
event
An estimated probability based on the
relative frequency of positive outcomes
occurring during an experiment
independent event
Events for which the outcome of one
event does not affect the probability of
the other
theoretical
probability of an
event
The ratio of the number of ways an
event can occur to the number of
possible outcomes
SOL 7.10
sample space
The set of all possible outcomes of a
probability experiment
the fundamental
counting principle
Uses multiplication of the number of ways
each event in an experiment can occur to find
the number of possible outcomes in a sample
space
tree diagram
A diagram used to show the total
number of possible outcomes in a
probability experiment
SOL 7.11
cumulative
frequency
Includes a running total of the
frequencies of all the previous groups
frequency
distribution
Shows how often an item, a number, or
a range of numbers occurs
histogram
A special kind of bar graph in which the bars
are used to represent the frequency of
numerical data that have been organized in
intervals
SOL 7.12
function
A rule that pairs exactly one element of
a set with one and only one element of
another set
relation
A set of ordered pairs, in which for each
first number there may be many
second numbers
SOL 7.13
algebraic equation
A mathematical statement that states
that two expressions are equal
algebraic
expression
An expression with at least one
variable
verbal expression
A word phrase
verbal sentence
A complete word statement
expression
A name for a number
SOL 7.13
Practice Activity
Directions: Cut out each card and sort the verbal expressions (on the left) with the algebraic
expressions (on the right).
The product of four and a
number, decreased by
seven
4x - 7
Triple the number of
students in Erin’s class
divided by six is fifteen.
3x = 15
6
A number subtracted from
seven is eight
7–x=8
Seven less than a number
is eight
x–7=8
Forty less than a thirty is a
number.
30 – 40 = x
SOL 7.13 (continued)
Practice Activity
Directions: Cut out each card and sort the verbal expressions (on the left) with the algebraic
expressions (on the right).
The sum of a number and
five is eight
x+5=8
Three more than twice a
number is fifteen
3 + 2x = 15
The sum of two consecutive
integers
x + (x + 1)
Four less than twice a
number
2x - 4
Three times a number
increased by eight
3x + 8
SOL 7.14
inverse operation
Operations that "undo" each other. Addition
and subtraction are inverse operations.
Multiplication and division are inverse
operations.
one-step equation
An equation that requires only one
operation to solve
two-step equation
An equation that requires two
operations to solve
SOL 7.15
one-step
inequality
An inequality that requires only one
operation to solve
SOL 7.16
additive identity
The sum of an addend and zero is the addend.
Identity for addition is 0 (zero) since adding
zero to any number will give the number itself.
In other words, 0 + a = a + 0 = a
associative
property (x,+)
The way in which three numbers are
grouped when they are added or
multiplied does not change their sum or
product
SOL 7.16 (continued)
commutative
property (x,+)
The order in which two quantities are
added or multiplied does not change
their sum or product
distributive
property
To multiply a sum by a number, multiply
each addend of the sum by the number
outside the parentheses
equation
A mathematical sentence that contains
an equal sign, =
inverse
Operations that "undo" each other. Addition
and subtraction are inverse operations.
Multiplication and division are inverse
operations
multiplicative
identity
The product of a factor and one is the factor.
Identity for multiplication is "1," because
multiplying any number by 1 will not change it.
In other words, a x 1 = 1 x a = a
multiplicative
property of zero
The product of any real number and zero is
zero.