Part 2
Cycles In Nature
Name: _____________
HOUR: _____________
Cycles in Nature Vocabulary
chapter 27 pp 695-716
To define some of the vocabulary you will need to summarize: Annual Rhythm, Biological
Clock, Climax Community, Condensation, Cycles of Matter, Daily Rhythm, Diurnal,
Ecological Succession, Estivation, Evaporation, Free Nitrogen, Hibernation, Lunar
Rhythm, Migration, Nitrogen Compound, Nitrogen Fixation, Nocturnal, Oxygen Carbon Cycle, Precipitation, Transpiration, Water Cycle
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Cycles in Nature
Chapter 27 Section 27-1 ( pg. 694-704)
1. A _____________is any pattern that occurs over and over again.
2. List at least 2 examples of biological rhythms. ________________
_____________________________________________________
3. Internal timers known as ___________ _____________ may be
responsible for keeping track of many different cycles of time.
4. Biological clocks help living things stay in step with rhythmic
___________ in their environment.
5. How might having biological clocks be better for organisms than
simply responding to changes in the environment as they happen?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
6. List 5 ways biological clocks are set and reset. __________________
_______________________________________________________
7. Organisms that are active during the day are said to be __________
8. Those active at night are said to be ______________.
9. The rise and fall of the tides is controlled by the _________________.
10. Tidal rhythms are said to be ________________ rhythms.
11. Events that occur once a year are examples of _________ rhythms.
1
12. Make a list of 5 events that occur each season of the year.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
13. ______________ are annual rhythms in which organisms travel
from the place where they feed to the place where they breed.
14. A winter resting state is known as _______________.
15. A summer resting state is known as _______________.
16. How do annual organisms ensure that their species continue from
year to year? ___________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
17. Explain: A person who has traveled a long way by plane might start
to fall asleep during dinner and be wide awake at 3 o’clock in the
morning. This is sometimes known as “jet lag.” Why do you think?
This occurs? ____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
2
3
ACROSS
5 A summer resting state.
7 When water leaves a plant as water
vapor (through the leaves).
9 A person who travels long distances
by plane might suffer from ____.
11 Precipitation traveling across the
ground.
15 Snow geese need to arrival at the
___ __ at the proper time to raising
young before winter.
19 Biological clocks are reset by ____.
21 The morning glory flower times the
opening of its flower to the activity
of the _____.
24 An annual rhythm in which an
organism travels from a feeding place
to a breeding place.
25 Plays important role in CO2-O2 cycle
by taking in CO2.
27 Deer use the strategy of ____ to
survive winter.
28 Water changes from a liquid to a gas
when it _______.
29 Plays important role in CO2-O2 cycle
by releasing CO2.
Word Bank
Environmental Cues
Adapt
Jetlag
Runoff
consumer
Diurnal
Producer
Transpiration
Moon
Hibernate
Hibernation
Biological clock
Rain
Nesting ground
Eyes
DOWN
1 Common form of solid precipitation.
2 Occurs once a year, it is a _____
cycle.
3 A winter resting state.
4 A repeating pattern, occurring again
and again.
6 Internal timer, which is responsible
for keeping track of different cycles
of time.
8 Day time active organism.
10 The monkey was nocturnal based on
its ______.
12 Tides are controlled by the _____.
13 Geese are cued into migrating by a
change in ____.
14 When water return to the Earth as
rain, sleet, hail, or snow.
16 Night active organism.
17 Keeps an organism in step with cycles
in nature.
18 Strategy used by chipmunk to survive
winter.
20 Deer need to start growing antlers in
___ ___to have them ready for the
rut season.
22 Word that means moon.
23 Water changes from a gas to tiny
droplets when it _______.
26 Liquid form of precipitation.
April May
Condenses
Estivation
Snow
Migration
Precipitation
Evaporates
Annual
Biological Clock/s
Lunar
Nocturnal
Pollinator
Day Length
Rhythm
4
The Times are a Changing
The weather gets colder, days get shorter and leaves turn color and fall off the trees. Soon, winter is
here. Snow covers the ground. People live in warm houses and wear heavy coats outside. Our food
comes from the grocery store. But what happens to the animals? For each example describe what is
does to deal with this change.
MIGRATE
Animals do many different things to get through the winter. Some of them "migrate." This means they
travel to other places where the weather is warmer or they can find food.
How do they know when it is time to leave for the winter?
ADAPT
Some animals remain and stay active in the winter. They must adapt to the changing weather. Many
make changes in their behavior or bodies. To keep warm, animals may grow new, thicker fur in the fall.
For others, the new fur is white to help them hide in the snow. How do they know when it is time grow
new fur?
Food is hard to find in the winter. Some animals gather extra food in the fall and store it to eat later.
How do they know when it is time gather and store food?
Some, spend winter looking for moss, twigs, bark and leaves to eat. Other animals eat different kinds of
food as the seasons change.
Animals may find winter shelter in holes in trees or logs, under rocks or leaves, or underground.
HIBERNATE
Some animals "hibernate" for part or all of the winter. This is a special, very deep sleep. The animal's
body temperature drops, and its heartbeat and breathing slow down. It uses very little energy. In the
fall, these animals get ready for winter by eating extra food and storing it as body fat. They use this fat
for energy while hibernating. Some also store food like nuts or acorns to eat later in the winter. Bears,
skunks, chipmunks, and some bats hibernate. How do they know when it is time to sleep?
 For each animal which strategy it uses: Migration, Hibernation, or Adapt.
 For each animal pick an environment cue that helps time their strategy to the correct
time of year.
 For each animal describe how it copes with the change to winter.
Strategy: ____________ Environmental cue:___________________________
How it copes: _____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Strategy: ____________ Environmental cue:___________________________
How it copes: _____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Strategy: ____________ Environmental cue:___________________________
How it copes : _____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
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Strategy: ____________ Environmental cue:___________________________
How it copes: _____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Strategy: ____________ Environmental cue:___________________________
How it copes: _____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Strategy: ____________ Environmental cue:___________________________
How it copes: _____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Assuming when you worked on the animals you were considering how the biological clock
would be involved. Now answer this question, Why would it be important that animals which
migrate (to warmer weather or to places with more food), be “told by their biological clock”
when to migrate”?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Organisms are active at different times of the day. The following questions are about the time
of the day and organism is active. Think of nocturnal, diurnal or crepuscular(????)
This is a morning glory plant. It opens its flowers, you guessed it,
in the morning. This is called ____________ (for its daily hythm).
Why is it important that morning glory flower open during the
day? Think about it and guess even if you don’t know the answer.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
What daily rhythm would you say this monkey is? ________________________
What is your reason (evidence) for your answer? _________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Whitetail deer begin to grow their antlers in late spring. This is long before
the mating season when they will be important in dominance sparing with other
bucks. How does “a” buck know the late April – early May it is time to start grow
antlers. ____________ What cue(s) is/are important to time this correctly?
__________________________________________________________________
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Furthermore, it is important that fawns be born in late spring. In order for this to
happen the females need to become fertile in early November so they can breed
and give birth at the proper time. How does “a” doe know it is the correct time
to come into heat (be fertile)? _______ What cue(s) is/are important for the
timing of this? ______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
At this same time bucks have finished the development of the antlers and due to
increased levels of testosterone get swollen necks and become aggressive to
other buck. How does “a” buck know that now is the time to have more
testosterone, to develop a muscular neck and to aggressively spar with other
males? ______________________________________ What cue(s) is/are
important to correct time buck breeding to doe readiness? _________________
__________________________________________________________________
Snow geese need to nest, incubate, hatch, raise their young in time so the young
can migrate south with the parents. In order to arrive in the arctic at the correct
time they need to leave their southern home (3,000 mile migrate) at the correct
time to arrive at the earliest possible time. Again how do they know when to
leave? ____________________What cue(s)? ____________________________
_________________________________________________________________
7
BIOLOGICAL CLOCKS, WHO NEEDS THEM?
Extra Credit
PROBLEM: At which time of the day are people most alert?
RESEARCH: In a science book find out what it means to say you have a biological
clock. Record answer here.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
HYPOTHESIS: Based on your past experience with when you have had to work,
when do you think you will perform best, morning, midday, after school, before bed,
or the middle of the night? Explain.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
MATERIALS:
Deck of cards
Clock (or watch) with a second hand
PROCEDURE:
1.
Shuffle the deck of cards.
2.
Time how long it takes for you to sort the shuffled deck of cards into four
suits.
3.
Try this at different times of the day, including early morning, midday,
afternoon, and bedtime.
4.
For each time of the day, sort the cards three times: trials 1, 2, and 3.
5.
Enrichment: Set the alarm and try this at 2 o'clock in the morning.
6.
Follow this procedure for three days and record your data each day.
7.
Construct a data table for your results as follows:
Day Morning Midday Afternoon Bedtime 2:00 (A.M.)
DATA: Record your trials and the average of the three trials in your data table.
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DATA:
QUESTIONS:
1.
What time is the best time for you to study or take tests? _____________
_________________________________________________________
2.
What other factors could have affected this experiment? _____________
_________________________________________________________
CONCLUSION: Explain what you learned by doing this activity.
Remember that you must answer the question asked in the original problem
statement. _____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
NOTE: BE SURE TO HAVE YOUR PARENT OR GUARDIAN SIGNS YOUR WORK.
PARENTS: YOUR SIGNATURE SHOWS YOUR STUDENT HAS DONE THE
WORK._________________________________
9
Chapter 27, Section 27-2 (pg.704-709)
1. Matter in the form of _____________, flows in cycles from the
_____________ part of the environment to the ______________
part and back again.
2. List the 4 most important cycles of matter. __________________
______________________________________________________
3. _____of the world is covered by lakes, streams, rivers, and oceans.
4. Water changing from a gas to a liquid is known as ______________.
5. Water changing from a liquid to a gas is known as ______________.
6. Water coming down to the Earth in the form of rain, sleet, hail, snow,
etc… is known as ___________________.
7. Process by which water evaporates from the leaves of plants is
known as _________________.
8. Draw the water cycle. Use the terms evaporation, transpiration,
Condensation, precipitation, and run off in your drawing.
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9. The atmosphere is ________% oxygen.
10 . When you inhale you take in ______________. When you exhale
You release the gas _____________ __________________.
11 . Producers (plants) use the gas ___________ ____________ as part
of the process of photosynthesis. Plants release the gas _________
as a waste product of this process.
12 . Draw and label the CO2-O2 cycle. Use the terms carbon dioxide,
Oxygen, producers, and consumers in your drawing.
13. About _____% of the atmosphere is “free” nitrogen.
14. Certain kinds of bacteria are able to use nitrogen gas in the air to
make nitrogen compounds. This process is called _______________.
15. List 3 places we may find this bacteria. _______________________
_______________________________________________________
16. Explain: What role do decomposers play in the nitrogen cycle?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
11
Cycles
Of
Matter
Crossword
12
ACROSS
1 Water that soaks into the ground.
5 Water changing from a gas to a
liquid.
8 Matter flows through the
environment in _______.
12 The oxygen in the atmosphere is
the result of what process?
18 The amount of free nitrogen in the
atmosphere.
19 The only living thing that play a
major part in the water cycle.
21 Process in which the plants release
water vapor into the atmosphere
through their leaves.
22 Unlike energy, this is limited, it can
change form but is neither made
nor destroyed.
23 You breathe in the gas ___.
24 Water that flows over the surface
of the ground.
DOWN
2 Plants release this through their leaves.
3 Water changes from a liquid to a gas.
4 You breathe out the gas _______.
6 Process (often done by bacteria) in which free
nitrogen is changed to compounds of nitrogen.
7 The amount of the Earth's water supply that is
available to humans to use.
9 Nitrogen molecule consisting of two nitrogen
atoms (N2).
10 The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere.
11 The amount of the Earth's surface that is
covered by water.
13 Plants take this in through their leaves.
14 Rain, sleet, hail, snow are examples of.
15 This escapes through the leaves of plant.
16 The amount of precipitation that soaks into the
ground.
17 What forms when water condenses in the
atmosphere?
20 Processes of precipitation, condensation,
evaporation allow this cycle to operate.
Word Bank
Plants
Twenty Percent
Runoff
Water
Groundwater
Oxygen gas
Cycles
Nitrogen Fixation
Seventy Eight Percent
One Percent
Transpiration
Three Fourths
Photosynthesis
Carbon Dioxide Gas
Matter
Precipitation
Condensation
Evaporation
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Free Nitrogen
Water Vapor
Clouds
Twelve Percent
13
Activity: Label the Water Cycle
Ground Water - the process in which water pools in large bodies (like oceans, seas and lakes).
Condensation - the process in which water vapor (a gas) in the air turns into liquid water.
Condensing water forms clouds in the sky. Water drops that form on the outside of a glass of
icy water are condensed water. (This term appears twice in the diagram.)
Evaporation - the process in which liquid water becomes water vapor (a gas). Water vaporizes
from the surfaces of oceans and lakes, from the surface of the land, and from melts in snow
fields.
Precipitation - the process in which water (in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail) falls from
clouds in the sky.
Subsurface Runoff - rain, snow melt, or other water that flows in underground streams,
drains, or sewers.
Surface Runoff - rain, snow melt, or other water that flows in surface streams, rivers, or
canals.
Transpiration - the process in which some water within plants evaporates into the
atmosphere. Water is first absorbed by the plant's roots, then later exits by evaporating
through pores in the plant.
14
Chapter 27, Section 27-3 (pg. 710-712)
1. The process in which the community in a particular place is gradually
Replaced by another community is called ___________ __________.
2. A stable community of organisms that is not replaced by new arrivals
Over time is known as a ______________ _______________.
3. List 3 ways the process of succession can begin. _________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
4. Give at least 2 factors that could speed up or slow down succession.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
15
Ecological Succession Worksheet
Succession, a series of environmental changes, occurs in all ecosystems. The
stages that any ecosystem passes through are predictable. In this activity, you
will place the stages of succession of two ecosystems into sequence. You will also
describe changes in an ecosystem and make predictions about changes that will
take place from one stage of succession to another.
The evolution of a body of water from a lake to a marsh can last for
thousands of years. The process cannot be observed directly. Instead, a method
can be used to find the links of stages and then to put them together to develop a
complete story.
The water level of Lake Michigan was once 18 meters higher than it is today.
As the water level fell, land was exposed. Many small lakes or ponds were left
behind where there were depressions in the land. Below are illustrations and
descriptions of four ponds as they exist today. Use the illustrations and
descriptions to answer the questions about the ponds.
16
Pond A:
Cattails, bulrushes, and water lilies grow in the pond. These plants have their roots
in the bottom of the pond, but they can reach above the surface of the water.
This pond is an ideal habitat for the animals that must climb to the surface for
oxygen. Aquatic insect larvae are abundant. They serve as food for larger insects,
which in turn are food for crayfish, frogs, salamanders, and turtles.
Pond B:
Plankton growth is rich enough to support animals that entered when the pond was
connected to the lake. Fish make nests on the sandy bottom. Mussels crawl over
the bottom.
Pond C:
Decayed bodies of plants and animals form a layer of humus over the bottom of the
pond. Chara, branching green algae, covers the humus. Fish that build nests on the
bare bottom have been replaced by those that lay their eggs on the Chara.
Pond D:
The pond is so filled with vegetation that there are no longer any large areas of
open water. Instead, the pond is filled with grasses. The water dries up during
the summer months.
Questions:
1. Write the letters of the ponds in order from the youngest, to the oldest.
2. Black bass and bluegill make their nests on sandy bottoms. In which pond would
you find them?
3. What will happen to the black bass and blue gill as the floor of the ponds fills
with organic debris?
17
4. Golden shiner and mud minnows lay their eggs on Chara (green algae). In which
pond would you find them?
5. Some amphibians and crayfish can withstand periods of dryness by burying
themselves in mud. In which pond(s) would they survive?
6. Dragonfly nymphs spend their early stages clinging to submerged plants. Then,
they climb to the surface, shed their skins, and fly away as dragonflies. Which
pond is best suited for dragonflies?
7. In which pond will gill breathing snails be replaced by lung breathing snails that
climb to the surface to breathe?
8. Some mussels require a sandy bottom in order to maintain an upright position.
In which pond will they die out?
18
The climax community in the area of Arkansas is an oak-hickory forest. After
the ponds are filled in, the area will undergo another series of stages of
succession. This is illustrated below. Briefly explain what is happening in the
diagram.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Discovery Streaming Video: The Sun, Water Cycle and
Climate.
1. What is the water cycle?____________________________________
________________________________________________________
2. Where does the water cycle get energy to keep going? ___________
3. What is precipitation? ______________________________________
________________________________________________________
4. What is condensation? _____________________________________
5. What is evaporation? ______________________________________
6. What is transpiration? ______________________________________
7. What is runoff? ___________________________________________
________________________________________________________
8. What are the three phases of water? __________________________
9. What are the different types of precipitation? ___________________
________________________________________________________
10. What role do plants play in the water cycle?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
20
CARBON ATOMS
The Carbon
Cycle:
Carbon
Atoms
Concept Map
make up
and
and
Word Bank
Carbohydrates
Carbon cycle
Compounds
Fats
Living things
Proteins
Make up
Reused
Used
which
all
and are
and
in the
21
CARBON
DIOXIDE:
Concept map of
the carbon
atom
CARBON DIOXIDE
is
of
of
with
a
Word bank:
Burning
Carbon atoms
CO2
Composed
Earth’s Atmosphere
Formula
Oxygen atoms
Part
Photosynthesis
Released
Respiration
Used
of
and is
of the
and
is
in
and is
by
by
22
Photosynthesis
Carbon Cycle:
Photosynthesis Concept Map
Word Bank
Air
Air
Carbon dioxide
Compounds
Energy
Sun
Energy
Water
Soil
occurs in
Make
Oxygen
Producer
Sugar
or
Green plants
&
which uses
which releases
&
from the
from the
Into the
from the
to make
to make
used for
used to
other
23
CARBON CYCLE: Consumers
Concept Map
ARE
CONSUMERS
ARE
ARE
WHICH EAT OTHER
WHICH
WHICH
WHICH EAT
WHICH EAT
ON DEAD
ON DEAD
OR
AND
AND
WORD BANK
Animal matter
Animals
Animals
Bacteria
Carbon compounds
Compounds
Energy
Feed
Food
Fungi
Green plants
Making
Plant matter
Producers
Use
AND
THE
OR
NEW
FOR
AND IN
24
Carbon Cycle
Respiration Concept Map
RESPIRATION
occurs in
occurs in
Word Bank
Air
Animals
Breakdown
Carbon compounds
Carbon dioxide
Energy
Food
Oxygen
Plants
Release
Used
and uses
and uses
in the
of
which contains
with the
of
which is
of
into the
25
Goals
My goal for this packet is……..
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
This is my goal because……….
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
I know I have accomplished this goal when….
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
26
What was your 3rd quarter grade in Science? _______
How often was your homework completed on time?
50%
75%
90%
100%
What is your goal for 4th quarter in Science?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
27
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