SHANG
DYNASTY
ANCIENT CHINA
World History
Chapter 3, Section 3
Early Civilizations
Chapter 4, Section 4
Philosophy & Religion
Chapter 4, Section 5
Empires
ZHOU (JOE)DYNASTY
1122 - 256 B.C.
1750 to 1122 B.C.
Geography
Adv. World History
Chapter 3, Section 3
Early Chinese Civilizations
Chapter 3, Section 4
Rise & Fall of Chinese
Empires
Yellow River
Yangtze River
SELF EFFICIACY
What do these mean to you?
SHANG DYNASTY
1750 to 1122 B.C.
How do you they make you feel?
What role do you play in making
rituals work?
JP #4
WHAT IS YOUR UNIQUE
POTENTIAL?
GOV’T & SOCIAL STRUCTURE
King
Nobles
Artisans and Merchants
ritual sacrifice
@ death
Consider where you are on the
social structure...
where are
YOU on this
diagram?
Peasants
Slaves
where are your
classmates?
your relatives?
JP #4
Do you want to be there?
Why or why not?
Where do you want to be? WHY?
JP #4
MANDATE OF HEAVEN
“right to rule”
ZHOU (JOE)DYNASTY
1122 - 256 B.C.
a good dynasty holds
the Mandate
a bad dynasty
loses it
king must rule
according to the DAO
What kinds of events would cause the king to lose
the Mandate of Heaven and be overthrown?
DYNASTIC CYCLE
a new dynasty establishes power
with a Mandate of Heaven
the dynasty
collapses
central gov’t begins
to collapse;
rebellions and
invasions begin
FARMING
SILK
dynasty rules
successfully for
many years, then
begins to decline
The Chinese concept of filial piety
says that grown children have an
obligation to take care of their
elderly parents at the expense of
their own needs
What important Western concepts seem
to conflict with this idea of filial piety?
JP #4
BRONZE
ORACLE
BONES
fortune telling
50 million people!
SELF CONCEPT
What are your own views?
Would you be willing to do this in your life?
(Consider the importance of family in your
own life. All of you come from very different
backgrounds which influence who you are and
your values (self-concept).
JP #4
ANCESTOR
VENERATION
Qingming - 清明節
“Clear & Bright”
JOURNAL PROMPT #4
Please continue your reflection on some of the questions we have discussed in class. Please refer
to your China presentation slides that are labeled JP#4.
A few questions to consider:
! America’s creed is “the pursuit of happiness,” but to what extent are Americans
actually encouraged to pursue what makes them happy? Please explain.
! In what way(s) are you living or do you plan to live within a system that is inherently
flawed?
! Why are the Danes so happy and can that be achieved in America? Why or why not?
Why would rituals and festivals be
important to Chinese families?
Do you have any family traditions? If
so, explain what they are and how they
evolved.
! What is your purpose in life? Are you happy with where you stand on the "social
structure" diagram?
Did death sever familial ties for the Chinese?
! What do you think the "social structure" diagram should actually measure? Explain.
(For instance, in one class we discussed "personality" as a way to measure where one falls
on the diagram. Meaning that those who were genuinely good, caring, loving, etc. would be
considered "King" and so forth down the scale.)
tomb guards
RITUAL & BURIAL
tomb relics
close up of tomb guards
WARRING STATES PERIOD
403 B.C. to 221 B.C.
collapse of
Zhou
WHY?
1. rulers became corrupt
2. civil war broke out
3. nobles fought one
another for control
ramifications?
Three philosophies
evolved which would
have a great impact on
Chinese history and
government
CHINESE
PHILOSOPHIES
Confucianism
As we review these philosophies:
- compare the central ideas/principals to your
own beliefs
(self concept)
- ... to those in your family and/or community
“a reforming
conservative”
“If the people be led by laws, and
uniformity be imposed on them by
punishments, they will try to avoid the
punishment, but will have no sense of
shame.
If they be led by virtue, and uniformity
be provided for them by the rules of
propriety, they will have the sense of
shame, and will become good.”
- what can you do to help others? (Using your
beliefs)
(purpose / meaning in life).
The Chinese Classics, James Legge, 1893
CONFUCIUS
“Let the ruler be filial (dutiful, devoted)
and kind to all people; then they will
be faithful to him.
Let him advance the good and teach
the incompetent; then they will eagerly
seek to be virtuous.”
The Chinese Classics, James Legge, 1893
CONFUCIUS
followed by students
who listened to his
speeches
individual morality and ethics, and the proper exercise of
political power by the rulers.
Analects
Philosophy
1. put needs below those of
family and community
political and
ethical
what was it
based on?
2. be kind and
demonstrate empathy
3. gov’t service given on
intelligence, talent, & virtuous
character
BELIEFS
Li: includes ritual, propriety, etiquette, etc.
Hsiao: love within the family: love of parents for their
children and of children for their parents
FIVE CONSTANT
RELATIONSHIPS
1. Parent & Child
2. Husband & Wife
Yi: righteousness
Xin: honesty and trustworthiness
3. Older Siblings & Younger Siblings
Jen: benevolence, humaneness towards others; the
highest Confucian virtue
4. Older Friend & Younger Friend
Chung: loyalty to the state, etc.
5. Ruler and Subject
CIVIL SERVICE EXAMINATION
based entirely on Confucianism
memorize Analects…
students from all backgrounds
make or break family
This is a reference book that was used for preparing for the
civil service examinations. The small size of the imprint made
it convenient for traveling and sometimes was snuck into the
examination hall by less scrupulous examinees, evidently for
cheating. Since it was a book prepared when the demand
appeared, very few have survived, making this quite
precious.
http://www.npm.gov.tw/exh95/grandview/books/account_3_en.html - National
Palace Museum
TAOISM (DAOISM)
“refers to a power which envelops, surrounds
and flows through all things, living and nonliving.
The Tao regulates natural processes and
nourishes balance in the Universe. It
embodies the harmony of opposites
Lazoi
Tao Te Ching
let’s analyze
some poetry!
Philosophy
(i.e. there would be no love without hate, no
light without dark, no male without female.)
founded by....
”
LET’S DO THIS AS A CLASS...
Better stop short than fill to the rim.
Oversharpen the blade, and the edge will soon
blunt.
Amass a store of gold and jade, and no one can
protect it.
Claim wealth and titles, and disaster will follow.
Retire when the work is done.
This is the way of heaven.
Now let’s look at some more Tao Te Ching...
1. follow the Dao (Way) by
inaction - not action
2. natural way of life
Tao Te Ching
Primary Source Analysis
- Identify the source: Who created the document? When?
Where?
- Explore the source: What information and opinion does
the document provide for us?
- Analyze the source: What was the purpose of the
document? Who was the intended audience and what kind
of impact did it have on the people who read it?
- Personalize the source: How do you feel about the
document? What kind of insight does it give you into the
time period/ author/ civilization?
CONQUERING THE SELF
We have discussed at length about how water illustrates the Taoist concept of inaction as
action. In understanding how humans illustrates this concept, we analyzed the following
lines in the Tao:
LEGALISM
What did Hanfeizi believe about humans?
Philosophy
Conquering others is power
Conquering the self is strength
Conquering the self, though it doesn’t require more power, does require much more
discipline and strength than simply conquering another. In conquering oneself, one is
employing the concept of inaction as action. (Through inaction, you are accomplishing
much more and influencing much more than simply physically conquering others.)
Conquering the self is di!erent for each individual. For some, it may be overcoming a
livelong fear. For others, it may be overcoming a serious pressure situation. For others, it
is conquering the feeling of inadequacy, and struggling to overcome the feelings of failing
in life.
What is your idea of conquering the self?
Hanfeizi
1. humans are evil
2. social order only achieved by a
strong ruler and harsh laws
guide for rulers
3. people will only be obedient
through fear
so... does this guy like Confucianism?
THREE PRONG FOCUS
Fa - 法
law is more important than individuals
law is the ultimate authority
there could be no leniency
Shi - 勢
ruler derives authority from his position
personal qualities unimportant
benevolence is useless (because it leads to chaos)
Shu - 術
the ruler must follow the fa and shi
if he does, then he will be successful
Is human
nature basically
good or evil?
first unification of China into single country
QIN SHIHUANGHI
“shi yung di”
raised by a
Legalist scholar...
THE QIN DYNASTY (CH’IN)
221 B.C. - 207 B.C
oh wait... the word
“China” looks similar....
THE GREAT WALL
What was the
purpose?
Who built it?
why do people want to build walls, even if they are ineffective?
?
totalitarian
1. censorate spied on other branches
2. land owning aristocrats replaced with
regional administrators
what were the other branches?
VIDEO: BEHIND THE GREAT
WALL (QIN DYNASTY)
Questions to Consider as you watch:
Besides building a wall, how else might one illustrate
their power?
Why did China build walls? (Not just the Great Wall)
What changes did Emperor Qin make to the dynasty?
How was the Great Wall built?
How did Qin’s power affect the lives of his people?
TOMB OF
THE QIN
CULTURAL SUPPRESSION
- burned books and
killed philosophers
- suppress other
philosophies
Why go to all the trouble?
700,000 men
built during
Shihuangdi’s lifetime
~7,500
terracotta
statues
120 x 6,700 x 3,100
PRIMARY SOURCE READING
(202 B.C. — A.D. 220)
A Chinese Woman Among the Barbarians
After reading and taking notes on the poem, please answer
the following questions:
Based on Tsai Yen’s verses, describe Tatar life.
What aspects of Tatar life does Tsai Yen find
intolerable from the Chinese point of view?
Why does Tsai Yen have ambiguous feelings about
retunring to Hand China?
http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0402/feature1/index.html
CONFUCIAN GOV’T
therefore???
Lui Bang
CIVIL SERVICE EXAMINATION
based entirely on Confucianism
memorize Analects…
students from all backgrounds
make or break family
This is a reference book that was used for preparing for the
civil service examinations. The small size of the imprint made
it convenient for traveling and sometimes was snuck into the
examination hall by less scrupulous examinees, evidently for
cheating. Since it was a book prepared when the demand
appeared, very few have survived, making this quite
precious.
http://www.npm.gov.tw/exh95/grandview/books/account_3_en.html - National
Palace Museum
TECHNOLOGY
ADVANCEMENTS
PEASANTS
military service &
hard labor
1 acre of land
free farmers
PAPER!
Textile manufacturing
water mils
Iron casting
Invention of steel
Rudder & aft (rear) rigging -led to ships and expanded
trade
tenant farmers
Confucian texts printed into book form
Historical changes often
follow technological changes.
What modern technological
changes have had an impact
on history?
VIDEO 2: STORY OF THE SILK
ROAD (HAN DYNASTY)
Questions to Consider as you watch:
What are some differences between the Qin and the Han
dynasty?
What is a monopoly? Who had a monopoly on what?
What goods were traded along the silk road?
What ideas were spread along the silk road?
Why was Buddhism so accepted in China?