Biology EOC Review
NATURE OF SCIENCE
What are the steps in a scientific method process?
How would you phrase a hypothesis?
What is the difference between a theory and a scientific law?
A hypotheses must be T_________________ to be accepted.
What is qualitative data?
What is quantitative data?
Why must you have a control?
What is the dependent variable? and which axis would you graph it?
What is the independent variable? and which axis would you graph it?
If you were measuring the growth rate of plants under full sunlight for 8 hours a day versus plants that only have 4
hours of full sunlight per day, what would be the dependent and what would be the independent variable?
MOLECULES & CELLS-Biochemistry
What are monomers and polymers?
What are the monomers of:
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
Give an example of:
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
What type of macromolecule is an enzyme?
What do enzymes do?
What are the components necessary for an enzymatic reaction to occur?
What is denaturing?
Recognize and be able to label an enzyme, substrate reaction
What property of water allows it to dissolve substances easily?
Define surface tension
Define adhesion
Define cohesion
Where does an acid fall on the pH scale? and a base?
Cell Structure and Function
Define prokaryote and give an example.
Define eukaryotes and give an example.
Define organelles.
Give the function and recognize a drawing of:
Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane(plasma membrane)
Golgi Apparatus
Mitochondria
Lysosome
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Know the general shape of an animal and plant cell
What organelles do plant cells have that animal cells do not?
Define diffusion. Is it active or passive transport?
Define osmosis. Is it active or passive transport?
Define endocytosis. Is it active or passive transport?
Define exocytosis. Is it active or passive transport?
Define phagocytosis. Is it active or passive transport?
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Define pinocytosis. Is it active or passive transport?
Define Homeostasis.
Define Thermoregulation.
If you are sick and have fever, is your body in complete homeostasis? Explain why or why not.
What are exergonic reactions?
What are endergonic reactions?
Define glycolysis.
Where does glycolysis occur in a cell?
Define the citric acid cycle.
Where does the citric acid cycle occur in a cell?
What is the electron transport chain?
What form does energy take in the cell?
What is lactic acid fermentation and where does it occur?
What is alcoholic fermentation and where does it occur?
Describe the light dependent reactions.
Describe the light independent reactions.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
CELL RESPIRATION
Reactants?
Products?
Organelle where it occurs?
Energy used?
Occurs in plants, animals, or both?
Cell Division & HEREDITY – DNA
What happens to a cell during interphase?
Name the 3 parts of interphase, and when DNA is copied.
Define Cytokinesis.
Be able to identify each mitosis stage by the drawing.
What do plants form in mitosis that is different from animals?
How many chromosomes does a human have? and how many pairs?
What are gametes?
What process (mitosis/meiosis) reduces the chromosome number?
Be able to sketch and label an DNA nucleotide?
What makes up the “rungs” of a DNA ladder?
What type of bonds holds the two sides of the ladder together?
What is a point mutation? a frameshift mutation? a deletion? an inversion?
DNA
RNA
Nitrogenous bases?
Sugar?
Found where in the cell?
REPLICATION
TRANSCRIPTION
Makes what?
Nucleic acids involved?
Where does it occur?
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TRANSLATION
Genetics and Evolution
What is Gregor Mendel known for?
State the Law of Dominance, Law of Segregation, and Law of independent assortment.
Be able to complete Punnett squares
What is an example of a sex-linked trait?
What is codominance and give an example?
What is crossing over and when does it occur?
What is incomplete dominance and give an example?
Define monosomy and give an example
Define trisomy and give an example
Explain Lamarck’s Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics.
Explain Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection.
Where did Darwin make a lot of his evolution discoveries?
What is a fossil record?
What is molecular evidence for evolution? and what molecules could you use to compare?
What is selective breeding?
What does embryology show?
What type of rock do fossils form in?
What isotope is used in Radioactive dating?
What is a half-life? If the half-life of an isotope is 30 seconds and you have 15 grams how much is left over in 60
seconds?
CLASSIFICATION AND Taxonomy
What type of characteristics are used to develop a cladogram?
Name the characteristics that the chimp shows on the cladogram.
On the cladogram, which organism(s) does NOT have jaws?
What are taxons? name them in order from least exclusive to most exclusive.
What organisms are in the domain Bacteria?
Describe the organisms found in the domain Archaea.
Describe the domain Eukarya.
Give at least 3 examples of the domain Eukarya.
Are they prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
How many kingdoms do we study today?
Give the characteristics of Protista and 2 examples
Give the characteristics of Fungi and 2 examples
Give the characteristics of Plantae.
Give the characteristics of Animalia.
What characteristics do viruses have?
Know the steps of the Lytic cycle? does the cell die immediately?
Know the steps of the Lysogenic Cycle? does the cell die immediately?
What are some characteristics of bacteria?
Plants and Animals
Define Vascular Plants
Name the 2 vascular tissues that carry food and water.
Define Nonvascular Plants and give an example.
Describe Gymnosperms.
Describe Angiosperms.
MAIN PARTS
FUNCTION(S)
ROOTS
LEAVES
FLOWERS
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What types of symmetry are present in animals?
How can an organism breathe with lungs or gills?
What is parthenogenesis?
What organisms function with an open circulatory system? and a closed circulatory system?
What is a hydrostatic skeleton?
Arthropods have exoskeletons made of?
What is a coelom?
ECOLOGY
Define abiotic factors and give 2 examples.
Define biotic factors and give 2 examples.
Know the steps involved in the carbon cycle and water cycle
What is nitrogen fixation and denitrification and what organisms complete this?
What is the arrow representing in a food chain?
What is an energy pyramid?
What consumer feeds on a primary consumer?
Define predation.
Define commensalism and give an example
Define parasitism and give an example
Define mutualism and give example
What is primary succession?
How does secondary succession differ from primary?
Ecosystems make up?
Communities are made up of?
What is the greenhouse effect?
What are some examples of nonrenewable resources?
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