1. Why were Martin Luther’s ideas able to spread so quickly? The printing press
2. What is perspective in painting? Objects on the background are larger than objects in the
foreground—depth.
3. What were Machiavelli’s beliefs? The ends justifies the means, fear over love, princes should be
cunning…
4. What was the purpose of the Counter Reformation? To keep members of the Catholic Church
from leaving
5. Why did Henry VIII leave the Catholic Church? He wanted a divorce so that he could have a son.
6. How did Mary Tudor attempt to re-establish Catholicism in England? She brought the Inquisition
to England—burned Protestants.
7. How did Elizabeth I contribute to establishing Protestantism in England? She established the
Anglican Church—a Protestant Church with Catholic trappings.
8. What were the three responsibilities of the Jesuits? Spread Catholicism, block Protestantism,
and open schools
9. What changes allowed the rise of Northern Italian city-states during the early Renaissance?
Increased trade brought on by the Crusades; decreased population brought on by the plague
increased economic opportunities
10. Why did the Medici contribute so much to art? They were making up for being usurers.
11. What does “vernacular” mean? Spoken Language
12. Why did authors start to publish works in the vernacular during the Renaissance? The printing
press widened the audience that was reading books; the common person did not read Latin.
13. What is humanism and where did it come from? The belief in the influence of the individual/
Classical Greece
14. How did humanism pave the way for the Protestant Reformation to take hold? If individuals can
influence the world, then why not religion?
15. Why are there so many denominations in Protestantism? Protestantism allows individuals to
interpret the Bible as opposed to just the clergy. Individuals interpreted the Bible in their own
way and started numerous denominations.
16. What are differences between Catholicism and Protestantism? Catholics believe in
transubstantiation of the Eucharist, confession, and the authority of the clergy. Protestants
believe in the priesthood of the believer and salvation by grace alone.
17. How did the bubonic plague pave the way for the Renaissance? It increased economic
opportunity for survivors.
©Leah Cleary 2014
18. How did Leonardo da Vinci embody the “Renaissance Man? He was a painter, sculptor,
inventor…
19. What conditions are necessary for a society to be able to focus on art and entertainment? There
must be ample prosperity for leisure time.
20. How did the Renaissance manifest differently in Northern Europe than Southern Europe? The
North had a Christian bent that focused on Christian Humanism, while the South was more
secular.
Enduring Understanding:
1. Understand that the modern world arose from the Renaissance and the Reformation
©Leah Cleary 2014