19.5 Diversity of Fungi
KEY CONCEPT
Fungi are heterotrophs that absorb their food.
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
Fungi are adapted to absorb their food from the
environment.
g have different traits:
• Plants and fungi
– Fungal cell walls are made of chitin.
– Plant cell walls are made of cellulose.
– Plants have chlorophyll and photosynthesize.
– Fungi absorb food through hyphae.
• Plants and fungi
f
have similar traits:
• Both are nonmoving.
• Grow underground and aboveground.
aboveground
• May produce spores.
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
• Fungi are multicellular organisms, with the exception of
yeasts.
– hyphae
– mycelium
– fruiting body
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
Fungi come in many shapes and sizes.
• Primitive fungi are aquatic and have flagellated spores.
• Sac
a sac that
S fungi
f
i form
f
th t contains
t i spores for
f reproduction
d ti
(called ascus, plural= asci).
– Yeasts are single
single-celled
celled sac fungi.
– Morels and truffles are multicellular sac fungi.
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
• Bread molds are often found on spoiled food.
–Also includes fungi used to ferment certain foods.
–mycorrhizae
hi
b
belong
l
tto thi
this group
–form zygospores during reproduction
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
Fungi reproduce sexually and asexually.
• Most fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually.
– Yeasts
asexually
Y
t reproduce
d
ll through
th
h budding.
b ddi
– Yeasts form asci during sexual reproduction.
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
• Club fungi have fruiting bodies which are club-shaped.
–include mushrooms,
puffballs,
ffb ll and
d
shelf fungi
– reproductive structures
called basidia
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
• Multicellular fungi have complex reproductive cycles.
– distinctive reproductive
structures
• All fungi form spores and zygotes.
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
Club Fungi
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
• Multicellular fungi have complex reproductive cycles.
– life cycles may include either sexual or asexual
reproduction or both
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
Spores will land
Fungus #1 mycelium grows underground….Fungus #2 mycelium
grows underground
Two fungi grow together and fuse
Diploid
p
fruiting
g body
yg
grows from the mass
Haploid spores created & released from the underside of the
fruiting body
. . .. .
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
ground
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
19.5 Diversity of Fungi
Li h
Lichens
Spores will land
yp
will g
grow into a new mycelium
y
New hyphae
Cycle repeats
•
•
•
•
ground
Fungus + blue-green bacteria or green algae
Mycelium of fungi surrounds the green organism
Grow on rocks, soil, trees
M t li ti relationship
Mutualistic
l ti
hi
– Algae/bacteria: provides food
– Fungus: benefits unclear (warmth
(warmth, substrate to grow in)
• Food source & help create soil