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0.7
Data
0.16
Voltage [mV]
0.12
Voltage [mV]
Data
0.6
0.14
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.04
0.2
0.02
0
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.1
0.2
Frequency [GHz]
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0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
Frequency [GHz]
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