The Alliance to Save Energy’s Watergy Program
India and International Experience
Pradeep Kumar
27th December, 2016 , New Delhi
Watergy*-
A Energy Efficiency Program
Designed for Water Supply & Wastewater System
Watergy began in 1999; implemented in >100 cities
* The Alliance to Save Energy Program
What is Watergy?


Term coined to define the nexus between water and energy
The goal is to provide cost effective water services while reducing energy
consumption, wastages and protecting the environment
And it has linkages to GHG Emission…
Emission Reductions in Municipal Water and Wastewater Operations
Reduced GHG
Reduced fuel
consumption
Emission
Power
Plant
Pumping
system
T&D
Electric Utility
System
Motor
Need for
proper
design
End Use
(flow)
Throttled
Energy Efficiency Interventions
Water Supply & Wastewater Operation is EnergyIntensive
Stage
Operation
Energy-Using Systems
Extraction
Deep well or surface
Pumping systems
Treatment
Chemical & physical
Piston-type dosing pumps,
pumping systems, fans, agitators,
centrifugal blowers
Between Source
and Distribution
Network
Sending drinking water to the
Pumping systems
distribution grid
Booster pumping
Pumping systems
Distribution
Distribution to end users
Pumping systems
Storm and
Sanitary Sewer
Systems
Piping of sewage, rainwater
Pumping systems
Wastewater treatment and
disposal
Pumps, fans, agitators, centrifugal
blowers
Support functions of utility
building(s)
Lighting systems, HVAC, etc.
Support Systems
It’s a System Not Merely Pumps and Motors
The Alliance’s Water & Wastewater EE Experience-India
State/ULBs






Karnataka
Maharashtra
Andhra Pradesh
Tamil Nadu –29 Cities
Gujarat – State-wide
Madhya Pradesh
Water Utilities

Delhi Jal Board (DJB)
Municipal Corporation of Greater
Mumbai ( MCGM)
Vishakhapatnam MC

Pune water supply system


Indian Water Supply & and Wastewater Sector
Second
Largest Municipal System in the World
India’s Municipal sector consumes 4% of total electricity
Energy
Consumption by Public Water Works
18,364 Million Units (2011‐12)
26,605 Million Units ( 2016-17)
36,3297 Million Units ( Estimated for 2021-22)
Data source: BEE/CEA 18EPS
The Context …..
 Every
liter of water that passes through a system has a significant
energy cost, compounded by the money invested to produce it.
 In developing countries, the cost of energy for supply of water may
easily consume up to half of a municipality’s budget (40-60%)
 Energy expenditure is the second largest cost after manpower.
 Cost
recovery is big challenge for most of the municipalities and
water utilities ( NRW, metering, low tariff etc.)
 1/3
of India's urban population lacks direct access to clean,
affordable and reliable water services
What’s happening?
10
What’s happening …..reasons for Poor Efficiency




No existing Government policy/incentive for
reducing energy consumption;
Cities lack technical, managerial and financial
capacity to design & implement projects
Lack of metering & monitoring systems - difficult to
establish baseline
Procurement is based on ‘first cost’ ( L1) NOT on
Life Cycle Cost
What’s happening …..reasons for Poor Efficiency


Over design - in view of catering future need (factor
of safety margin)
Sewage pumping network are poorly designed

High rates of unaccounted for water; unreliable
water services

Changes in operating practices/schedules – to
cater the current needs ( pumping head changes)

Efficient component NOT installed and/or operated
properly
12
Case Studies
Energy Saving Potential & Implementation
Delhi Jal Board
Type of Proposal
Nos.
Saving
Potential, Rs.
Lakh
Investment Required,
Rs. lakh
No/low Cost
9
179
17
(Payback: 1 month)
Investment
Oriented proposals
6
Total
15
355
448
(Payback: 15 months)
534
465
(Payback: 10 months)
 Low and medium cost measures implemented; Accruing Annual Savings of Rs. 7
Crore
 Established Energy Management Cell
Karnataka – 4 Town Projects
Type of Proposal
Nos.
Saving
Potential, Rs.
Lakh
Investment Required,
Rs. lakh
No Cost
(immediate)
20
67
Nil
Short Term
(1 -12 months)
18
178
78
Medium Term
(1 – 2 years)
6
Total
44
(Payback: 5 months)
63
77
(Payback: 15 months)
308
155
(Payback: 6 months)
Mysore, Bellary, Hubli –Dharwad, Tipture-Arsikere
Andhra Pradesh
Type of
Proposal
Nos. of
EE
Measures
Saving
Potential, Rs.
Lakh
Investment Required,
Rs. lakh
No Cost
(immediate)
10
31.1
0
Short Term
(1 -12 months)
6
31.0
20
Medium Term
(1 – 2 years)
2
Total
18
(Payback: 8 months)
1.8
2.5
(Payback: 17 months)
63.9
22.5
(Payback: 5 months)
Vijaynagarm, Karimnagar
Pune Municipal Corporation
Type of
Proposal
No. of
EE Measures
Annual
Saving
Potential
Rs. Lakh
Cost of
Implementation
Rs. Lakh
Payback
Period,
months
Short term,
11
103.7
32
4
Medium term
4
42.1
55
16
Total
15
145.8
87
8
Pune Municipal Corporation
Additional
10% Water Delivered from existing infrastructure
Sri Lanka, National Water Supply and Drainage
Board – NWSDB

Number of Water Schemes : 285 +

Total Energy Bill
: 100 + Million LKR

Potential Savings
: 25% (Minimum)
Energy Cost Contribution:
34%
66%
Total Operating Cost
(salaries, M&O,
cemicals, Rentals and
communication)
Elecrtricity Cost
NWSDB’ Action Plan and Energy Savings- Overview
Plants
Annual Energy Saving
kWh - kVA
LKR - Millons
Ambatale
(Section)
103,7000 +
800 kVA
12.45
Anuradhapura
478,304 + 81
kVA
4.58
Payback
11 Month
15 Months
Five Year Energy Efficiency Roadmap (2007-2011)
EE Milestones – Targets and Performance Indicator
Appointed Technical Advisor
Energy
Saving
Potential %
16 %
25%
Watergy Mexico
Study Cases in 16 Water utilities of 14 Mexican States
• Baja California (Tijuana)
• Veracruz ( Veracruz and Boca del Rio)
• Oaxaca ( Oaxaca City )
• Sonora (Guaymas and Nogales )
• Chihuahua (Hidalgo de Parral)
• Coahuila (Monclova-Frontera)
• Guerrero ( Zihuatanejo City)
• Durango ( Durango City)
• Mexico City ( Sta Catarina funded by Clinton foundation)
• La Laguna Region ( Gomez Palacio and Lerdo Dgo)
• Mexico State ( Tecamac, Tultitlan, funded by CONAGUA and World
Bank )
• Puebla ( Atlixco )
Few Study Cases Summary Benefits

Better water service and less water production
City
Population
(thousands)
Current
water
produced
(L/s)
Water
Water
continuity
Water continuity
production
with
service before
service after
Watergy Project
(Hours/day)
(Hours/day)
(L/s)
Monclova, Coah.
206
1092
7/24
801
24/24
Parral, Chih.
104
374
6/24
314
24/24
Nogales, Sonora
193
722
11/24
Guaymas, Son.
135
510
14/24
510
24/24
Durango, Dgo.
461
2695
10/24
2373
24/24
Lerdo, Durango
90
660
24/24
445
24/24
Tecamac, Edomex
271
1149
15/24
1100
24/24
Tultitlan , Edomex
524
1661
18/24
1450
24/24
Atlixco, Puebla
110
382
19/24
354
24/24
(*) With 20 % more population projected
720
(*)
24/24
Summary benefits cont…
More Energy Savings
City
Typical ES
measures
(%)
ES measures resulting
from Hydraulic
improvements
(*)
Total Energy
Saving
(%)
Monclova, Coa.
18.0
(%)
18.4
Parral, Chi.
21.8
3.2
25.0
Nogales, Sonora
18.1
8.9
27.0
Guaymas, Son.
19.1
17.2
36.3
Durango, Dgo.
36.5
10.6
47.0
Lerdo, Durango
17.3
7.7
25.0
Tecamac, Edomex
18.2
3.3
21.5
Tultitlan , Edomex
15.5
5.0
20.5
Atlixco, Puebla
19.2
4.5
23.7
36.4
CASE STUDY: Fortaleza, BRAZIL
~ CAGECE, state water utility in Brazil’s arid NE ~
ISSUES
• System over-designed
~ Causes excessive energy use due to
oversized pumps, unnecessary booster
stations, etc.
• Many inefficiencies:
pumps, O&M, system management
• Many households not connected
to service
Figure 5. Booster Station at CAGECE
FORTALEZA CASE STUDY, cont.
APPROACH
• Automation: pressure controls, centralized pumping controls
E.g., suspended pumping during high electricity rate periods
• Improved data collection & analysis
• Improved motor efficiency: replaced or re-wound them
• Operations manual for daily O&M procedures
RESULTS
 88 million kWh saved over 4 years
 …while adding 88,000 new connections for the poor
using the same amount of water
 $2.5 M saved every year w/investment of only $1.1 M
 Payback: 7 months
Why the replication or scaling-up so difficult ?
Uncertainty over savings ?
Lack of confidence in success of such program ?
Is funding an Issue ?
Lack of supportive polices at state and city level?
Municipal sector seen as a risky client by pvt sector?
Market readiness (supplier, implementer, ESCO )
Behavioral issues ?

These questions are being asked today, and likely
will grow as the nation moves toward adoption of
climate and energy legislation;

It is the role of needed policy and evaluation,
measurement and verification (EM&V) to answer
these questions
Open Loop Decision Making System
Decision Making
Organization
Without a Feedback System
• Lack of confidence:
• Inefficiencies may still exist
Implementation
• Operations not being fully
optimized
Water supply and Wastewater operations
Closed Loop Decision Making System
Decision Making
Information System
Implementation
Data
Organization
Feedback
Monitoring &
Analysis
EM&V and M&V
Water supply and Wastewater operations
The Missing Policy Link ………



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
Smart Cities
National Water Mission
National Mission On Sustainable Habitat
Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban
Transformation (AMRUT) and
National Heritage City Development and
Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY).
Intended Nationally Determined Contribution
(INDC)
The Country needs Policy that ………
Define Water sector energy efficiency as a
“Requirement” Not as an “Option” or
“Choice”
The Way forward …
The top level policy & decision makers in the government should
develop a long term strategic plan and support EE initiative
It’s important for the Government to strike a partnership with
the private sector to realize the large scale success of the state level
program
Municipality needs to build their capacity in project management,
M&V etc,
Banks/FIs should adopt cash flow based project evaluation for
larger EE projects
For More Information:
Pradeep Kumar
Alliance to Save Energy
Delhi, India
M:999-082763, 9845775008
[email protected], [email protected]