!"#$%&' (%) (!) *+,$$#&'#-.#/)!&/# 012%3/ ,/
,3+%&# 42,&/$,5%!&
6#7,% 89 !" :,25##7 ;66;<:= !" ,27>/ ?;@.?
#$% ! & !'$ '( )(*+!,-,'. /(!0(1
2(3 10%(!0 ,4 /,%3$0(1 5*6(!*(
#785)9 /-( 1 : 0(1 ; .9 #,!' 7,!'
!"#$%&'(#$!!$)#%&*$($"+(,-.(/0(1/2#
;A/52,35
:( * <0 0+( 31,=-(% ,4 +63 +,3 -.16* '(!>
(1 06,! < 01 !<- 06,! 31,=-(%9 $0,% 0>
6* --. -( 1! % *+6!( 01 !<- 06,! <.<0(%
0+ 0 **(30< +63 +,3 -.16* *+ --(!'(< !"
6%31,?6<(< 1+.%6!' 1(<3,!<(<9 !" <+,@
0+ 0 6%31,?6!' 0+( 01 6!6!' " 0 =. -( 1!6!'
! $!<$3(1?6<(" 1+.%( "(0(*06,! <*+(%(
4$10+(1 6%31,?(< 3(14,1% !*(A B$1 3>
31, *+ $<6!' $!<$3(1?6<(" 6!"$*06,! ,4
<0,*+ <06* 01 !<"$*06,! '1 %% 1< 6< 0+(
461<0 0, 33-. 0+( -( 1!6!' -',160+%< ,4
5C) 0, 0+( @,(4$--. $!"(1>(D3-,1(" '(!1(
,4 -.16*< 6! %$<6*A E !,?(- 4( 0$1( ,4 ,$1
%,"(- 6< 0+ 0 60 6< *,%3-(0(-. $!<$3(1?6<("
!" ",(< !,0 % F( $<( ,4 !. !"#$"# -6!>
'$6<06* ,1 3+,!(06* 6!4,1% 06,!A 8!-6F( 0+(
+ !"4$- ,4 31(?6,$< 331, *+(< 0, %,"(->
6!' -.16*<9 @( *+,,<( 0+( ",% 6! ,4 +63
+,3 -.16*< @+6*+ 6< 3 106*$- 1-. !,6<. !"
$!<01$*0$1("A G! ,1"(1 0, *,3( @60+ 0+(
!,6<. ! 0$1( ,4 0+( " 0 6! 0+6< ",% 6!9 @(
*,%3 1( 0+( (44(*0 ,4 0@, " 0 <(-(*06,!
<*+(%(< ,! 0+( H$ -60. ,4 0+( 1(<3,!<(<
'(!(1 0("9 !" <+,@ 0+( <$3(16,160. ,4 <(>
-(*06,! ?6
"("6* 0(" 1+.%( <*+(%( "(>
0(*0,1 0+ 0 6< -<, *H$61(" 0+1,$'+ $!<$>
3(1?6<(" -( 1!6!'A :( -<, 31,3,<( 0@,
<01 0('6(< 0, %606' 0( 0+( (44(*0 ,4 "6<4-$>
(!*6(< 6! 0+( " 0 @+6*+ 1( *,%%,! 6!
0+( ",% 6! ,4 +63 +,3 -.16*<9 ,! 0+( 3(1>
4,1% !*( ,4 ,$1 %,"(-A 2(<360( 0+( 3 1>
06*$- 1-. !,6<. !" $!<01$*0$1(" ! 0$1( ,4
0+( ",% 6!9 ,$1 %,"(- 31,"$*(< 4-$(!0 !"
1+.%6!' 1(<3,!<(< *,%3 1(" 0, <0 !" 1"
3+1 <( = <(" 5C) = <(-6!( 6! +$% ! (? ->
$ 06,!<A
B =&52!">35%!&
2(<360( =(6!' 4,1% ,4 - !'$ '( 0+ 0 + < + "
0+( %,<0 6%3 *0 *1,<< -%,<0 -- +$% ! *$-0$1(<9
0+(1( + ?( =((! ?(1. 4(@ 00(%30< 0, 33-. *,%3$>
0 06,! - -6!'$6<06*< 0, 0+( '(!1( ,4 -.16*< 6! %$<6*A
E< ! 00(%30 0, %,06? 0( 4$10+(1 1(<( 1*+ 6! 0+6<
"61(*06,!9 @( 33-. 0+( -( 1!6!' -',160+%< ,4 <0 >
06<06* - % *+6!( 01 !<- 06,! I5C)J 0, ""1(<< <,%(
,4 0+( %,"(-6!' 6<<$(< 6! <,!' -.16*<A :( *+,,<(
+63 +,39 '(!1( ,4 %$<6* 0+ 0 (%3+ <6K(< 1 336!'9
<3,F(! ,1 *+ !0(" 1+.%6!' -.16*< ' 6!<0 <01,!'
=( 0< ,1 <6%3-( %(-,"6(< < <0 106!' 3,6!0 4,1 0+6<
6!?(<06' 06,!A 8!-6F( 3,(01. !" <,%( ,0+(1 '(!>
1(< ,4 %$<6*9 +63 +,3 -.16*< 31(<(!0 <6'!646* !0
!$%=(1 ,4 *+ --(!'(< 4,1 -( 1!6!' < 60 - *F< @(-->
"(46!(" <01$*0$1( 6! 0(1%< ,4 1+.%( <*+(%(9 %(0(19
,1 ,?(1 -- %( !6!'A
:( 1'$( 0+ 0 0+( 16*+ 0,,-< ,44(1(" =. 5C)
4,1 $!<$3(1?6<(" -( 1!6!' ,4 <0,*+ <06* 01 !<"$*>
06,! '1 %% 1< 1( 6"( - 4,1 1(31(<(!06!' <01$*0$1 1(- 06,!<+63< =(0@((! -6!(< ,4 -.16*<A :( %,"(- 0+(
31,=-(% ,4 6%31,?6<6!' 1+.%6!' 1(<3,!<( '6?(!
!. +63 +,3 -.16* *+ --(!'( < L01 !<- 06!'M 41,%
*+ --(!'( -6!( 0, 1+.%6!' 1(<3,!<(A :( "(>
<*16=( !(@ 4$--.> $0,% 06* --. -( 1!(" *+ --(!'(>
1(<3,!<( <.<0(% @+6*+ $<(< <0,*+ <06* 01 !<"$*>
06,! '1 %% 1 < 0+( 01 !<- 06,! %,"(- 4,1 0+6< 0 <FA
2(<360( 0+( +6'+-. $!<01$*0$1(" !" !,6<. ",% 6!9
,$1 %,"(- 6< *,%3-(0(-. $!<$3(1?6<(" !" $<(< !,
316,1 3+,!(06* ,1 -6!'$6<06* F!,@-("'( @+ 0<,(?(1A
)+( ?(1. +6'+ "('1(( ,4 ? 16 06,! 0+ 0 6< 3(1%60>
0(" 6! 0+( %(0(1 ,4 0+( -.16*<9 !" - 1'( %,$!0< ,4
*,--,H$6 - ?,* =$- 1. !" <- !' 41,% 0+( <$=*$->
0$1( (%3-,.(" % F( 0+( ",% 6! ,4 +63 +,3 -.16*<
+6'+-. $!<01$*0$1(" *,%3 1(" 0, %,1( <01$*0$1("
",% 6!< <$*+ < *- <<6* - 3,(01. ,! @+6*+ <0 06<>
06* - %(0+,"< + ?( =((! 33-6(" 6! 0+( 3 <0A )+(
? 16 !*( 6! 0+( 3(1%600(" %(0(1 *,$3-(" @60+ 0+(
=1, " 1 !'( ,4 $!,10+,",D ?,* =$- 1. $<(" 6! +63
Sima’an, K., Forcada, M.L., Grasmick, D., Depraetere, H., Way, A. (eds.)
Proceedings of the XIV Machine Translation Summit (Nice, September 2–6, 2013), p. 109–116.
c
2013
The authors. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons 3.0 licence, no derivative works, attribution,
CC-BY-ND.
+,3 % F(< 60 "6446*$-0 0, $<( ,44>0+(><+(-4 N&O 0,,-<
4,1 ",6!' 3+,!,-,'6* - !"P,1 %,13+,-,'6* - ! ->
.<6<A 2644(1(!*(< 6! 6!0,! 06,! !" - *F ,4 1,=$<0
01 !<*16306,! I&6=(1% !9 QRSRJ 4$10+(1 *,%3,$!"
0+( *+ --(!'(< 6!?,-?(" 6! 33-. <0 06<06* - -( 1!>
6!' -',160+%< 0, 0+( ",% 6! ,4 +63 +,3A
T6?(! 0+( !,6<. ! 0$1( ,4 0+( ",% 6! ,4 +63
+,3 -.16*<9 @( (%3-,. 1+.%( <*+(%( "(0(*0,1
*H$61(" 0+1,$'+ $!<$3(1?6<(" -( 1!6!' 0, <(-(*0
,$1 01 6!6!' " 0 A )+( 1+.%( <*+(%( "(0(*0,1 <('>
%(!0< ( *+ ?(1<( ,4 +63 +,3 <,!' 6!0, <0 !K < !"
6"(!0646(< 0+( -6!(< 6! ( *+ <0 !K 0+ 0 1+.%( @60+
( *+ ,0+(1A )+( 1+.%6!' -6!(< 1( <$=<(H$(!0-.
$<(" 0, 6!"$*( 0+( <0,*+ <06* 01 !<"$*06,! '1 %>
% 1A :( "(%,!<01 0( 0+( <$3(16,160. ,4 ,$1 01 6!>
6!' " 0 <(-(*06,! %(0+," =. *,%3 16!' 0+( H$ -60.
,4 0+( 1(<3,!<(< '(!(1 0(" =. 0+( %,"(-< 01 6!("
,! " 0 <(-(*0(" @60+ !" @60+,$0 $<6!' 0+( 1+.%(
<*+(%( "(0(*0,1A
26<4-$(!*6(< !" = *F6!' ?,* -<S ,**$1 ?(1. 41(>
H$(!0-. 6! 0+( ",% 6! ,4 +63 +,3 -.16*<9 $!-6F(
*,!?(!06,! - <3,F(! !" @1600(! - !'$ '(9 @+6*+
44(*0 0+( 3(14,1% !*( ,4 5C) %,"(-< "(<6'!("
4,1 01 !<- 06!' @(-->4,1%(" <(!0(!*(<A :( 31,3,<(
0@, <01 0('6(< 4,1 --(?6 06!' 0+( (44(*0 ,4 "6<4-$(!>
*6(< ,! 0+( 3(14,1% !*( ,4 ,$1 %,"(-< !" *,%>
3 1( 0+( 3(14,1% !*( ,4 ( *+ <01 0('. 6! +$% !
(? -$ 06,!<A U6! --.9 6! ,1"(1 0, 6--$<01 0( 0+( *+ ->
-(!'(< 4 *(" =. 01 "606,! - 5C) 0,,-<9 @( *,!01 <0
0+( 3(14,1% !*( ,4 ,$1 %,"(- ' 6!<0 *,!?(!>
06,! -9 @6"(-. $<(" 3+1 <(>= <(" 5C) %,"(-A
E =16(4 0(1%6!,-,'6* - !,0(V L<0 !K M !"
L?(1<(M 1( 41(H$(!0-. *,!4$<(" !" <,%(06%(<
*,!4- 0("A :,1<( .(09 0+(61 $< '( 4,1 <,!' -.16*<
6< ,40(! *,!01 "6*0,1. 0, 0+ 0 4,1 3,(01.A ), ?,6"
%=6'$60. @( *,!<6<0(!0-. 4,--,@ 0+(<( 0(*+!6* "(46!606,!< 4,1 <('%(!0< 6! "(*1( <6!' <6K( ,4 '1 !>
$- 160.V
C#2/#
- 1'( $!60 ,4 <,!'W< -.16*<A E <,!'
0.36* --. *,!0 6!< <(?(1 - ?(1<(< 6!0(1<3(1<("
@60+ *+,1$<(<A G! 0+( 31(<(!0 @,1F9 @( ", !,0
"644(1(!06 0( *+,1$<(< 41,% ?(1<(<A G! <,!'
-.16*<9 ?(1<( 6< %,<0 *,%%,!-. 1(31(<(!0("
< <(3 1 0( 3 1 '1 3+A
/5,&D, <('%(!0 @60+6! ?(1<( @+6*+ + < %(>
0(1 !" 1+.%( <*+(%(A 50 !K < ,40(! *,!<6<0
,4 Q9 X9 ,1 Y -6!(<9 =$0 <0 !K < ,4 %,1( -6!(<
S
O 106*$- 1-. 0+( 1(3(0606?( *+ !0<9 (D*- % 06,!<9 !" 6!0(1Z(*>
06,!< 6! +63 +,3 L+.3( % !M <0.-( = *F6!' ?,* -<A
1( -<, *,%%,!A O 106*$- 1-. 6! +63 +,39
<6!'-( ?(1<( ,40(! *,!0 6!< % !. <0 !K < @60+
"644(1(!0 1+.%( <*+(%(< !" %(0(1<A
$%&#
<('%(!0 @60+6! <0 !K *,!<6<06!' ,4
<6!'-( -6!(A G! 3,(01.9 <016*0-. <3( F6!' 0+6<
@,$-" =( * --(" L?(1<(M9 @+6*+ +,@(?(1
*,!4-6*0< @60+ 0+( *,!?(!06,! - $<( ,4 L?(1<(M
6! <,!' -.16*<A
5,%( ,4 0+( 31(?6,$< @,1F 0+ 0 33-6(< 5C)
%,"(-< !" ,0+(1 <0 06<06* - %(0+,"< 0, <6%6- 1 $!>
*,!?(!06,! - 31,=-(%< 1( "6<*$<<(" 6! 5(*06,! QA
5(*06,!< X !" Y *,!0 6! ,$1 <.<0(% "(<*16306,! !"
(D3(16%(!0 - <(0$3 1(<3(*06?(-.A [(<$-0< !" *,!>
*-$<6,!< 1( 31(<(!0(" 6! 5(*06,!< \ !" ]A
E .#$,5#" F!27
E-0+,$'+ + !"4$- ,4 31(?6,$< 331, *+(< 33-6("
5C) %,"(-< !" ,0+(1 <0 06<06* - -( 1!6!' %(0+>
,"< + ?( =((! 0, $!*,!?(!06,! - ",% 6!< 6! 0+(
3 <09 ,$1< 6< 0+( 461<0 F!,@! @,1F ,! 0+( ",% 6!
,4 +63 +,3 -.16*<A C,<0 ,4 0+( 3 <0 @,1F 6! 0+6<
?(6! * ! =( *- <<646(" 6!0, 0@, * 0(',16(<A G! 0+(
461<0 * 0(',1. <,%( 4,1% ,4 316,1 -6!'$6<06* F!,@->
("'( =,$0 0+( ",% 6!9 <$*+ < 31,!$!*6 06,! "6*>
06,! 16(< T(!K(- %& '( IQRSRJ ,1 3+,!,-,'6* - ,1
%,13+,-,'6* - 6!4,1% 06,! 6< $<(" 0, =,,0<01 3 0+(
-( 1!6!'A :+6-( 0+( <(*,!" * 0(',1. $<(< $!<$3(1>
?6<(" -( 1!6!' %(0+,"< 0, 6"(!064. @,1" <<,*6 >
06,! 31,= =6-606(<9 331,316 0( =6 < 6< 31,?6"(" =.
0+( 6!+(1(!0 *,!<01 6!0< 6! 0+( ",% 6! <$*+ < <(0
!$%=(1 ,4 @,1"< 6! -6!( I6! /+6!(<( *,$3-(0<J9 ,1
<(0 %(0(1 I6! *- <<6* - 3,(01.JA
G! 0+6< @,1F9 @( 31(<(!0 *,%3-(0(-. $!<$3(1>
?6<(" %,"(- ,! ",% 6! 0+ 0 6!+(1(!0-. + < ?(1.
4(@ <$*+ *,!<01 6!0<A E< 31(?6,$<-. %(!06,!("9
+63 +,3 -.16*< $!-6F( 3,(%< I(<3(*6 --. 6! *- <<6* 3,(01. @+(1(9 4,1 (D %3-(9 ! ,*0 ?( + < (D *0-.
SR <.-- =-(< 3(1 -6!( !" ^ -6!(< 3(1 <0 !K J ", !,0
1(H$61( <(0 !$%=(1 ,4 <.-- =-(< 6! -6!(A E-<,9 !,0
-- @,1"< 6! 0+( -.16*< 1( 1(H$61(" 0, =( 3 10 ,4 0+(
-(D6*,!A U6! --.9 1+.%6!' 6< 41(H$(!0-. *+6(?("
?6 6!0,! 06,! !" <<,! !*( % F6!' 60 + 1" 0, 3>
3-. 316,1 3+,!,-,'6* - *,!<01 6!0<A E =16(4 <$%>
% 1. ,4 0+( 1(- 0(" @,1F 6< 31(<(!0(" =(-,@A
_6 !' !" `+,$ IQRR^J 01 6!(" 3+1 <(>= <("
5C) <.<0(% 0, 01 !<- 0( 0+( 461<0 -6!( ,4 ,4 /+6>
!(<( *,$3-(0 ,1 )*#'# + 6!0, 0+( <(*,!"A &6!'$6<06*
*,!<01 6!0< @(1( 33-6(" 0, 0+( n =(<0 ,$03$0 ,4 0+(
5C) <.<0(% 0, <(-(*0 0+( %,<0 <$60 =-( !(D0 -6!(A
110
#,@(?(1 6! *,!01 <0 0, /+6!(<( *,$3-(0<9 @+6*+ ">
+(1( 0, <016*0 1$-(< 1(H$616!'9 4,1 (D %3-(9 ! 6"(!>
06* - !$%=(1 ,4 *+ 1 *0(1< 6! ( *+ -6!( !" ,!(>0,>
,!( *,11(<3,!"(!*( 6! 0+(61 %(016* - -(!'0+9 0+( ",>
% 6! ,4 +63 +,3 -.16*< 6< 4 1 %,1( $!<01$*0$1(" !"
0+(1( (D6<0< !, *-( 1 *,!<01 6!0 0+ 0 @,$-" (!<$1(
4-$(!0 !" 1+.%6!' 1(<3,!<(< 0, +63 +,3 *+ --(!'(
-.16*<A
E! 5C) <.<0(% @ < $<(" 6! *,!Z$!*06,! @60+
<01(<< 3 00(1!< !" 1+.%(< 4,$!" 6! 31,!$!*6 >
06,! "6*06,! 1. 0, 31,"$*( 01 !<- 06,!< ,4 3,(%< =.
T(!K(- %& '( IQRSRJA #,@(?(19 60 @ < *+ --(!'>
6!' 0, 31,"$*( 01 !<- 06,!< ,4 4$-- ?(1<(< 0+ 0 < 0>
6<46(" -- 0+( *,!<01 6!0< (!4,1*(" =. *- <<6* - 3,>
(01.A U,1 (D %3-(9 0+( 01 !<- 06,!< *,$-" !,0 *,%>
3-. @60+ 0+( "(<61(" %(0(1 ,4 0+( -6!( -0+,$'+ 0+(
1+.%6!' *,!<01 6!0< @(1( < 06<46("A )+(<( 1(<$-0<
6!"6* 0( 0+( "6446*$-0. ,4 31,"$*6!' H$ -60. ,$03$0
?6 $0,% 06* %(0+,"< (?(! 4,1 ?(1. <01$*0$1(" ",>
% 6!<A
E %& '( IQRRaJ 31,3,<(" %,"(- 4,1 $0,% 06>
* --. '(!(1 06!' ) %6- -.16*< '6?(! %(-,".A )+(
-.16*< @(1( 1(31(<(!0(" < <(H$(!*( ,4 - =(-< $<>
6!' 0+( ,-. <.<0(% @+(1( ,9 - !" . 1(31(>
<(!0(" 0+( -,!' ?,@(-<9 <+,10 ?,@(-< !" *,!<,>
! !0< 1(<3(*06?(-.A )+(. <,-?(" 0+( <(H$(!*( - >
=(-6!' 31,=-(% ,4 '(!(1 06!' 0+( -.16*< '6?(!
%(-,". $<6!' *,!"606,! - 1 !",% 46(-"<A
B0+(1< + ?( 00(%30(" 0, 6"(!064. @,1">0,>@,1"
1(- 06,!<+63<9 <01(<< 3 00(1!< IT1((!( %& '(9 QRSRJ
!" 1+.%6!' @,1"< I[("". !" 7!6'+09 QRSSJ9
%,<0-. 6! 0+( ",% 6! ,4 3,(01.A T1((!( %& '(
IQRSRJ $<(" ! U5) 0, <<6'! <01(<< 3 00(1!< 0,
@,1"< '6?(! 0+( %(0(1 ,4 -6!( 6! 5+ F(<3( 1(W<
<,!!(0<A )+( <01(<< 3 00(1!< @(1( *,%=6!(" @60+
- !'$ '( %,"(- 0, '(!(1 0( 3,(%<A 5,!"(1('>
'(1 IQRSSJ 33-6(" '1 3+ 0+(,1. 0, 6"(!064. 0+(
1+.%6!' 3 00(1!< !" 0+(1(4,1( 6!4(11(" 0+( 31,>
!$!*6 06,! ,4 @,1"< 6! ,-" b!'-6<+ 3,(01.A #,@>
(?(19 0+(61 +($16<06* ,4 *-$<0(16!' @,1"< @60+ <6%>
6- 1 GOE (!"6!'< 1(<$-0(" 6! - 1'( *-$<0(1< ,4 4 -<(
3,<606?(< <$*+ < !""# !" $%# A [("". !" 7!6'+0
IQRSSJ 31,3,<(" - !'$ '(>6!"(3(!"(!0 '(!(1 >
06?( %,"(- 4,1 <0 !K < 6! 3,(01. 4,1 "6<*,?(16!'
1+.%( <*+(%(< 6! U1(!*+ !" b!'-6<+ 3,(01.A
G
*+,$$#&'#-2#/)!&/# /1/5#H
:( "(<*16=( ,$1 % *+6!( 01 !<- 06,! <.<0(% 0+ 0
**(30< +63 +,3 -.16* *+ --(!'(< I6A(A9 -6!( ,4
+63 +,3 ?(1<(J !" L01 !- 0(<M 0+( *+ --(!'( 6!0,
111
4-$(!0 1(<3,!<( @+6*+ 1+.%(< @60+ 0+( *+ --(!'(A
:( "(<*16=( 0+( 1+.%( <*+(%( "(0(*0,1 6! 5(*06,!
XAS 0+ 0 6< $<(" 0, 6"(!064. 0+( 1+.%6!' -6!(< 6! 0+(
?(1<(< @+6*+ 6< $<(" 0, <(-(*0 0+( 01 6!6!' " 0 4,1
,$1 <.<0(%A 5(*06,!< XAQ !" XAX "6<*$<< 0+( "(0 6-<
,4 ,$1 01 !<"$*06,! '1 %% 1 6!"$*06,! !" "(*,">
6!' -',160+% 1(<3(*06?(-.A
GIB 6,5, /#$#35%!&J .+1H# /3+#H# "#5#35%!&
E-0+,$'+ ,$1 331, *+ " 30< ! 5C) <.<0(% 0,>
@ 1" 0+( 31,=-(% ,4 '(!(1 06!' 4-$(!0 !" 1+.%6!'
+63 +,3 1(<3,!<(<9 60 @,$-" =( $!"(<61 =-( 0, 01 6!
! 5C) <.<0(% ,! -- 0+( <$**(<<6?( -6!(< ,4 0+(
?(1<(< < "(<*16=(" 6! _6 !' !" `+,$ IQRR^J "$(
0, ? 16 !*( 6! +63 +,3 1+.%6!' 3 00(1!<A U,1 (D>
%3-(9 60 6< ?(1. *,%%,! 4,1 <0 !K 0, 4,--,@
0+( ;K;K 1+.%( <*+(%(A E""6!' <$**(<<6?( -6!(<
< 0+( 01 6!6!' 6!<0 !*(< 0, 0+( 5C) <.<0(% @,$-"
"16?( 0+( 01 !<"$*06,! '1 %% 1 0,@ 1"< -( 1!6!'
6!*,11(*0 1+.%( *,11(<3,!"(!*(<A )+6< 31,=-(% 6<
(D *(1= 0(" =. 0+( 4 *0 0+ 0 ?(1<( I@+6*+ 6< $<$>
--. 1(31(<(!0(" < <(3 1 0( 3 1 '1 3+J % . *,!>
0 6! %$-063-( <0 !K < ,4 ? 1.6!' -(!'0+ !" 1+.%(
<*+(%(<A )+( - 1'( <6K( ,4 0+( ?(1<( % F(< 60 6%>
3,<<6=-( 0, "" -- 3,<<6=-( 3 61< ,4 -6!(< < 01 6!6!'
(D %3-( < 60 @,$-" (D3-,"( 0+( <6K( ,4 0+( 01 6!>
6!' " 0 !,0 *,$!06!' 0+( "('1(( ,4 !,6<( <$*+ !
331, *+ @,$-" 6!01,"$*(A
G! ,1"(1 0, <(-(*0 01 6!6!' 6!<0 !*(< 0+ 0 1( -6F(-.
0, 1+.%(9 @( (%3-,. 1+.%( <*+(%( "(0(*06,!
%,"(- < %(!06,!(" 6! IE"" !F6 !" :$9 QRSXJA
&6!(< =(-,!'6!' 0, 0+( < %( <0 !K !" % 1F("
< 1+.%6!' **,1"6!' 0, 0+( 1+.%( <*+(%( "(>
0(*06,! %,"(- 1( ""(" 0, 0+( 01 6!6!' *,13$< ,4
0+( 5C) <.<0(%A :( =(-6(?( 0+ 0 0+6< " 0 <(-(*>
06,! <*+(%( @6-- 6%31,?( 0+( 1+.%6!' <<,*6 06,!<
-( 1!(" "$16!' 0+( 01 !<"$*06,! '1 %% 1 6!"$*06,!
0+(1(=. =6 <6!' 0+( %,"(- 0,@ 1"< 31,"$*6!' 4-$>
(!0 !" 1+.%6!' ,$03$0A :( =16(4-. "(<*16=( 0+(
1+.%( <*+(%( "(0(*06,! %,"(- +(1(A
:( 01 6! +6""(! C 1F,? %,"(- I#CCJ @+6*+
'(!(1 0(< ?(1<( ,4 +63 +,3 -.16*< 0, <(1?( < ,$1
1+.%( <*+(%( "(0(*06,! %,"$-(A G!<0( " ,4 3 106>
06,!6!' 0+( ?(1<(< 6!0, <0 !K < **,1"6!' 0, <,%(
31(><3(*646(" 1$-(<9 !$%=(1 ,4 +6""(! <0 0(< *,1>
1(<3,!"6!' 0, <0 !K < ,4 ? 1.6!' -(!'0+ 1( $<("
0, $0,% 06* --. ,=0 6! /$0&1/%23%+& &#$+ ,4 0+(
?(1<(A b *+ <0 0( 6! 0+( #CC *,11(<3,!"< 0,
<0 !K @60+ 3 106*$- 1 1+.%( <*+(%( <$*+ < ;;9
;K;K9 ;;;; @+6-( 0+( (%6<<6,!< *,11(<3,!" 0,
0+( 46! - @,1"< 6! 0+( <0 !K A
:( 1(<016*0 0+( % D6%$% -(!'0+ ,4 <0 !K 0, =(
4,$1 < 0+( 0,0 - !$%=(1 ,4 1+.%( <*+(%(< '6?(!
<0 !K ,4 -(!'0+ n I !" +(!*( 0+( *,11(<3,!"6!'
<0 0(< 6! ,$1 #CC %,"(-J 6< 0+( n0+ ;(-- !$%=(1
IBbG59 QRSXJ !" (D+ $<06?(-. *,!<6"(16!' 0+( (D>
3,!(!06 - !$%=(1 ,4 3 10606,!< 6< 31,+6=606?(-. (D>
3(!<6?( !" !,0 ?(1. $<(4$-A U$10+(19 @( ,!-. $<("
<0 0(< 0, 1(31(<(!0 <0 !K < @+,<( 1+.%( <*+(%(<
*,$-" !,0 =( 3 10606,!(" 6!0, <% --(1 <*+(%(< @60+>
,$0 -,<6!' 1+.%( *,11(<3,!"(!*(A U,1 (D %3-(9
1+.%( <*+(%( ,4 -(!'0+ X ;;K * ! =( 3 10606,!("
6!0, <(H$(!*( ,4 0@, <% --(1 1+.%( <*+(%(<
;; !" K @60+,$0 -,<6!' !. 1+.%( *,11(<3,!>
"(!*(<A #(!*(9 ;;K 6< !,0 1(31(<(!0(" < <0 0(
6! ,$1 #CCA E40(1 33-.6!' 0+(<( *,!<01 6!0< ,$1
#CC %,"(- 6< 4$--. *,!!(*0(" @60+ 0+( 4,--,@>
6!' a <0 0(<V ;9 ;;9 ;K;9 ;;;9 ;K;K9 ;;K;9
;K;;9 K;;;9 ;;;;A
:( 01 6! 0+( #CC $<6!' 0+( bC -',160+% I2(>
?6Z?(19 Sa^\J ,! ,$1 *,13$< '(!(1 0(" =. 0 F6!' 0+(
46! - @,1" ,4 ( *+ -6!( 6! 0+( +63 +,3 -.16*<A :(
0+(! <('%(!0 ( *+ ?(1<( 6!0, <0 !K < @60+ 0+(61 1(>
<3(*06?( 1+.%( <*+(%(< **,1"6!' 0, 0+( c60(1=6
3 1<( ,4 0+( %,"(-A :( 0+(! <(-(*0 0+( -6!(< 41,%
( *+ <0 !K 0+ 0 1+.%( @60+ ( *+ ,0+(1 **,1"6!'
0, 60< 1+.%( <*+(%( !" "" 0+(% < 01 6!6!' 6!>
<0 !*(< 4,1 ,$1 01 !<"$*06,! '1 %% 1 = <(" 5C)
%,"(-A b *+ <(-(*0(" 3 61 '(!(1 0(< 0@, 01 6!6!'
6!<0 !*(<V
*+ --(!'(>1(<3,!<( !" 1(<3,!<(>
*+ --(!'( 3 61 < 0+( <,$1*( !" 0 1'(0 - !'$ '(<
1( 6"(!06* -A
GIE
9&/>)#2C%/#" $#,2&%&'J ?5!3+,/5%3
52,&/">35%!& '2,HH,2 %&">35%!&
:( *+,,<( 0, 6!"$*(
0,F(! = <(" 6!?(1<6,!
01 !<"$*06,! '1 %% 1 IG)TJ %,"(- I:$9 Saad9
Saa\ 9=J =(* $<( ,4 60< (D31(<<6?(!(<< !" 0+( (%>
3616* - (?6"(!*( 4,1 60< 1(31(<(!0 06,! - * 3 *60.
*1,<< @6"( <3(*01$% ,4 ! 0$1 - - !'$ '( 0 <F<
6!*-$"6!' 0(D0$ - (!0 6-%(!0 I:$9 QRR]J9 %6!6!'
3 1 --(- <(!0(!*(< I:$ !" U$!'9 QRR\J !" % >
*+6!( 01 !<- 06,! I`(!< !" N(.9 QRRXe # '+6'+6
%& '(9 QRRaJA :( 1(<016*0 0+( G)T 0, =1 *F(0>
6!' G)T I;G)TJ !" $<( 60 < 0+( 01 !<- 06,! %,"(4,1 ,$1 5C) <.<0(% < 0+( 4,*$< ,4 ,$1 %,"(6< 0, -( 1! 0+( 0,F(! -(?(- *,11(<3,!"(!*(< 6! ,1>
"(1 0, 6"(!064. 3,0(!06 - 1+.%6!' * !"6" 0(<A :(
*+,<( ! G)T < ,33,<(" 0, %,!,0,!6* 46!60(>
<0 0( 01 !<"$*06,! '1 %% 1 %,"(- 6! ,1"(1 0, =(
=-( 0, -( 1! 0,F(! -(?(- *,11(<3,!"(!*(< 6!?,-?6!'
-6'!%(!0< @+6*+ 1( !,0 3$1(-. %,!,0,!6*A :(
01 "(>,44 <,%( ,4 0+( 6!606 - 4-$(!*. 0+ 0 <('%(!>
0 - 3+1 <(>= <(" %,"(-< ,44(1 4,1 0+( 4-(D6=6-60. ,4>
4(1(" =. 0+( 0,F(! = <(" %,"(-<A
:( 6!"$*( 0+( =1 *F(06!' G)T ,! 0+( *,13$< '(!>
(1 0(" 41,% 0+( 31(?6,$< <0 '( 0, 6"(!064. 0+( @,1"
<<,*6 06,!< =(0@((! 1+.%6!' -6!(<A bD3(*0 06,!
% D6%6K 06,! I2(%3<0(1 %& '(9 SaddJ 6< $<(" 0,
(<06% 0( 0+( %,"(- 3 1 %(0(1< 4,1 0+( =1 *F(06!'
'1 %% 1A E< 0+( *,13,1 1( 4 61-. - 1'(9 =( %
31$!6!' 6< $<(" 0, % F( 0+( 01 6!6!' 4 <0(1A U$1>
0+(1 "(0 6-< ,4 0+( 01 !<"$*06,! '1 %% 1 6!"$*06,!
* ! =( 4,$!" 6! I5 (1< %& '(9 QRSQe 5 (1< !" :$9
QRSSJA
GIG 6#3!"%&'J *+,$$#&'#-2#/)!&/# ,$'!2%5+H
:( 01 !<- 0( 0+( *+ --(!'( 6!0, 1(<3,!<(< $<6!' ,$1
6!>+,$<( G)T "(*,"(1 :$ ISaa]Je :$ !" :,!'
ISaa^J 4,1 0+( 0 <F ,4 "(*,"6!'A )+( "(*,"(1 =$6-"<
0+( 3 1<( 4,1(<0 $<6!' /7f><0.-( 3 1<6!' -',>
160+% @+6*+ 6< 1(31(<(!0(" 6! ! (446*6(!0 +.3(1>
'1 3+ <01$*0$1(A )+( 01 !<- 06,! +.3,0+(<(< 1(
<*,1(" $<6!' 0+( 01 !<"$*06,! '1 %% 1 !" 0+( - !>
'$ '( %,"(- (446*6(!0-. $<6!' *$=( 31$!6!' I/+6>
!'9 QRRdJ
G! ,$1 "(*,"6!' -',160+%9 @( --,@ ,!-.
<01 6'+0 1$-(< < @( @ !0 0, 31,"$*( 1(<3,!<(< @60+
0+( < %( 1+.%6!' ,1"(1 < 0+( *+ --(!'(A G!0(1>
-( ?(" 1+.%6!' ,1"(1 6< + 1"(1 0, (? -$ 0( @60+,$0
0+( - 1'(1 *,!0(D0 ,4 0+( <,!' !" @( ", !,0 ""1(<<
0+ 0 31,=-(% 6! ,$1 *$11(!0 %,"(-A 56!'-(0,! 1$-(<
1( 3(! -6K("9 < <$**(<<6?( -6!(< 6! <0 !K 1(
0.36* --. ,4 <6%6- 1 -(!'0+A & <0-.9 @( "" 3(! -0.
0, "%0'%4#5% 01 !<- 06,! 1$-(< 0+ 0 % 3 0+( < %( <$1>
4 *( 4,1% 0, 60<(-4 <$*+ < A → M.,M/M.,MA :(
,=<(1?(" 0+ 0 <$*+ 1$-(< + ?( +6'+ 31,= =6-60. 6!
,$1 -( 1!(" '1 %% 1 "$( 0, 31(<(!*( ,4 <(!0(!*(
3 61< 6! ,$1 01 6!6!' " 0 @+(1( =,0+ 0+( 6!3$0 !"
,$03$0 1( 6"(!06* - <016!'< < % !. <0 !K < 6! ,$1
" 0 *,!0 6! 1(3( 0(" *+,1$< -6!(<A
L @M)#2%H#&5/
:( "(<*16=( ,$1 " 0 <(09 = <(-6!( 3+1 <( = <("
5C) %,"(- !" 0+( *,%3 1 06?( %,"(- $<(" 4,1
' $'6!' 0+( (446* *. ,4 ,$1 " 0 <(-(*06,! <*+(%(9
!" 31,3,<( 0@, <01 0('6(< 0, + !"-( "6<4-$(!*6(< 6!
0+( 01 6!6!' " 0 A :( -<, "(<*16=( 0+( (? -$ 06,!
<*+(%(< $<(" 4,1 "(0(1%6!6!' 0+( 3(14,1% !*( ,4
,$1 1+.%( <*+(%( "(0(*0,1 !" *,%3 16!' 0+( 3(1>
112
4,1% !*( ,4 "644(1(!0 %,"(-< ,! 0+( 0 <F ,4 6%31,>
?6<6!' 1(<3,!<(< 0, +63 +,3 -.16* *+ --(!'(<A
LIB
6,5,/#5
:( ",@!-, "(" 0+( -.16*< ,4 331,D6% 0(-. \Q9RRR
+63 +,3 <,!'< I =,$0 ^RRC= ,4 1 @ #)C& *,!>
0(!0JA )+( " 0 @ < *-( !(" =. <016336!' #)C&
0 '<9 %(0 " 0 !" !,1% -6K6!' 4,1 <3(*6 - *+ 1 *>
0(1< !" * <( "644(1(!*(<A )+( (!061( *,13$< *,!>
0 6!(" QQ %6--6,! 0,F(!< @60+ Q]R9RRR ?(1<(< !"
QAd %6--6,! -6!(< ,4 +63 +,3 -.16*<A E <$=<(0 ,4
^\ -6!(< @ < 1 !",%-. *+,<(! < 0(<0 <(0 0, 31,>
?6"( 0+( +63 +,3 *+ --(!'( -.16*< 0, 0+( <.<0(%<A G!
,1"(1 0, 01 6! 0+( 1+.%( <*+(%( "(0(*0,19 @( (D>
01 *0(" 0+( (!">,4>-6!( @,1"< !" @,1"< =(4,1( -0+( *,%% <Q 41,% ( *+ ?(1<(A :( ,=0 6!(" *,1>
3$< *,!0 6!6!' YAQ %6--6,! 0,F(!< *,11(<3,!"6!' 0,
3,0(!06 - 1+.%6!' * !"6" 0(< I@60+ 1,$!" S\X9RRR
$!6H$( 0,F(! 0.3(<JA
LIE
N+2,/#-A,/#" ? 4 A,/#$%&#
G! ,1"(1 0, (? -$ 0( 0+( 3(14,1% !*( ,4 <0 !>
" 1" 5C) -6'!%(!0 !" <( 1*+ <01 0('6(< ,! 0+6<
!,?(- L01 !<- 06,!M 0 <F9 @( -<, 01 6!(" <0 !>
" 1" C,<(< = <(-6!( I7,(+! %& '(9 QRRdJ !" *,%>
3 1(" 60< 3(14,1% !*( 0, ,$1 01 !<"$*06,! '1 %>
% 1 = <(" 5C) <.<0(%A E Y>'1 % - !'$ '( %,"(@+6*+ @ < 01 6!(" ,! 0+( (!061( 01 6!6!' *,13$< $<>
6!' 5[G&C I50,-*F(9 QRRQJ @ < $<(" 6! "(*,"6!'
=,0+ 0+( = <(-6!( !" ,$1 %,"(-A ;,0+ 0+( = <(-6!(
!" ,$1 =1 *F(06!' G)T %,"(- @(1( $<(" 0, "(*,"(
+(-" ,$0 0(<0 <(0 @60+ <-6'+0-. +6'+(1 - !'$ '(
%,"(- @(6'+0 @+6*+ @ < (%3616* --. *+,<(! $<6!'
<% -- "(?(-,3%(!0 <(0 0, 31,"$*( 4-$(!0 ,$03$0<A
)+( =(<0 01 !<- 06,! 31,"$*(" =. =,0+ 0+(<( 5C)
<.<0(%< @ < $<(" 0, (? -$ 0( 0+(61 3(14,1% !*(
0 0+( 0 <F ,4 6%31,?6<6!' 4-$(!0 !" 1+.%6!' 1(>
<3,!<(< '6?(! *+ --(!'(A
LIG
.+1H# /3+#H# "#5#35%!& C/I ,"O,3#&5
$%&#/
), ' $'( 0+( (446* *. ,4 ,$1 01 6!6!' " 0 <(-(*>
06,! <*+(%(9 @( 01 6! =,0+ 0+( = <(-6!( 5C) <.<>
0(% !" ,$1 01 !<"$*06,! '1 %% 1 = <(" %,"(- ,!
0+( " 0 <(-(*0(" $<6!' 0+( 1+.%( <*+(%( "(0(*0,1
< @(-- < -- 0+( "Z *(!0 -6!(< 6! ?(1<(A
.+1H# /3+#H# "#5#35%!& 83,! (D01 *06!'
01 6!6!' *,13$< < "(<*16=(" 6! 5(*06,! XAS9 @( ,=>
Q
5+,10(1 -6!(< 6! +63 +,3 <0 !K < 1( 0.36* --. Z,6!(" @60+
*,%% !" 1(31(<(!0(" < <6!'-( -6!( ,4 0(D0A
113
0 6!(" 1,$!" ]RR9RRR 01 6!6!' 6!<0 !*(<A 2$( 0,
+6'+ 06%( !" %(%,1. *,<0 ,4 6!"$*6!' <0,*+ <06*
01 !<"$*06,! '1 %% 1<9 @( ,!-. ""(" 0+,<( -6!(<
0+ 0 @(1( "Z *(!0 +) - =(-(" < 1+.%6!' =. 0+(
1+.%( <*+(%( "(0(*0,1 < 01 6!6!' 6!<0 !*(< 1(<$-0>
6!' 6! 01 6!6!' *,13$< ,4 <6K( QRR9RRRA
;"O,3#&5 $%&#/ /,!<6"(16!' -- "Z *(!0 -6!(< 6!
?(1<( 1(<$-0(" 6! *,13$< ,4 ,?(1 \ %6--6,! 01 6!>
6!' 6!<0 !*(<A G! ,1"(1 0, (!<$1( 4 61 *,%3 16>
<,! ,4 %,"(-< 01 6!(" ,! =,0+ ?(1<6,!< ,4 01 6!>
6!' " 0 9 @( 1 !",%-. *+,<( QRR9RRR 01 6!6!' 6!>
<0 !*(< 41,% 0+( '(!(1 0(" *,13$<A )+( 01 6!6!'
*,13$< 0+$< '(!(1 0(" <+ 1(" 1,$!" S\g ,4 01 6!>
6!' 6!<0 !*(< @60+ 0+( *,13$< '(!(1 0(" 0+1,$'+ ,$1
31,3,<(" " 0 <(-(*06,! <*+(%(A
LIL 6%/P$>#&31 +,&"$%&'
:( !,06*(" "6<0$1=6!'-. +6'+ 31,3,106,! ,4 '(!(1>
0(" 1(<3,!<(< *,!0 6!(" "6<4-$(!*6(< @60+ <$**(<>
<6?( 1(3(0606,!< ,4 @,1"< <$*+ < &'( !" ) 6! ,$1 (1>
1,1 ! -.<6< ,4 6!606 - 1$!<A 83,! 6!<3(*06,! @( !,>
06*(" 0+ 0 SRg ,4 ,$1 01 6!6!' " 0 *,!0 6!(" <6%6>
- 1 "6<4-$(!*6(< !" = *F6!' ?,* - -6!(<A ), 0 *F-(
0+6< 31,=-(% 9@( 31,3,<( !" *,%3 1( 0@, -0(1! >
06?( <01 0('6(<V ISJ )#/0 '*%+67 0#'&%"#+2 @+6*+ 6< 0,
46-0(1 ,$0 -- -6!(< 41,% ,$1 01 6!6!' *,13$< @+6*+
*,!0 6!(" "6<4-$(!*6(< !" IQJ )#/0'*%+67 6$""%61
&#$+ @+6*+ *,11(*0< 0+( "6<4-$(!*6(< 6! 0+( 01 6!6!'
*,13$< I4,1 (D %3-(9 &'( &'( &'(9 6! 0+( 01 6!6!' *,1>
3$< 6< *,11(*0(" 0, <6%3-. &'(JA )+( = <(-6!( !"
01 !<"$*06,! '1 %% 1 = <(" 5C) <.<0(%< @(1(
01 6!(" ,! =,0+ 0+( 46-0(1(" !" *,11(*0(" ?(1<6,!<
,4 0+( 01 6!6!' *,13$<A
LIQ @C,$>,5%!&
)+( 3(14,1% !*( ,4 0+( 5C) <.<0(%< @ < (? ->
$ 0(" ,! 0+( 0 <F ,4 '(!(1 06!' 6%31,?6<(" 4-$>
(!0 !" 1+.%6!' 1(<3,!<( '6?(! <6!'-( -6!( ,4
+63 +,3 ?(1<( < *+ --(!'(A )+( ,$03$0 ,4 -- 0+(
<.<0(%< ,! 0+( 0(<0 <(0 @ < (? -$ 0(" =. 0+1(( 6!>
"(3(!"(!0 41(H$(!0 +63 +,3 -6<0(!(1< **,1"6!' ,!
0+( *160(16,! ,4 4-$(!*. !" 0+( "('1(( ,4 1+.%6!'A
)+(. @(1( --,@(" 0, *+,,<( 0+( 0$!( 0, (? -$>
0( 1+.%6!' < 0+( =( 0< ,4 0+( <,!' @(1( !,0 $<("
"$16!' 01 6!6!'A b *+ (? -$ 0,1 @ < <*,1(" 0+( 1(>
<3,!<( ,4 ( *+ <.<0(% ,! 0+( *160(16,! ,4 4-$(!*.
!" 1+.%6!' < =(6!' 2$$)9 66%!& 8'% ,1 8 )A )+(
3(14,1% !*( ,4 ,$1 1+.%( <*+(%( "(0(*0,1 @ <
-<, (? -$ 0(" ,! 1 !",% < %3-( ,4 d\ ?(1<(<
41,% ,$1 01 6!6!' " 0 < 0+( 1+.%( <*+(%( "(>
0(*06,! %,"(- 6< *,%3-(0(-. $!<$3(1?6<("A E ',-"
<0 !" 1" 1+.%( <*+(%( @ < <<6'!(" 0, ( *+ ?(1<(
=. +$% ! (? -$ 0,1< !" 31(*6<6,!9 1(* -- !" 4>
<*,1( @(1( *,%3$0("A
Q
8'% 6< - 1'(1 *,%3 1(" 0, O;5C)A :+(! 0+( 01 6!>
6!' *,13$< @ < '(!(1 0(" $<6!' "Z *(!0 -6!(<9 0+(
3(14,1% !*( ,4 O;5C) 6< %$*+ 3,,1(1 *,%3 1("
0, $<6!' 1+.%( <*+(%( "(0(*06,!A )+(<( 1(<$-0<
6!"6* 0( 0+ 0 *,!?(!06,! - O;5C) 331, *+(< 1(
!,0 ?(1. (44(*06?( ,! 0+6< !,?(- 0 <FA
.#/>$5/
G! 0+6< <(*06,!9 @( 31(<(!0 0+( 1(<$-0< ,4 +$>
% ! (? -$ 06,! ,! 0+( 6%31,?6<(" 1(<3,!<(< ,4
,$1 5C) <.<0(%< !" "(%,!<01 0( 0+ 0 $<6!'
1+.%( <*+(%( "(0(*06,! 31,"$*(< =(00(1 H$ -60. 1(>
<3,!<(<A :( -<, "(<*16=( 0+( **$1 *. ,4 ,$1
1+.%( <*+(%( "(0(*0,1 !" 31,?6"( <,%( (D %>
3-(< ,4 0+( 1(<3,!<(< '(!(1 0(" =. ,$1 %,"(01 6!(" $<6!' =,0+ 0+( " 0 <(-(*06,! <*+(%(< ?(1>
<$< 0+( 3+1 <(>= <(" 5C) = <(-6!(A :( -<, *,%>
3 1( 0+( (44(*0 ,4 31,3,<(" "6<4-$(!*. + !"-6!'
<01 0('6(< ,! ,$1 0 <FA
QIG .+1H# /3+#H# "#5#35%!& +#$)/ P$>#&31
U,1 0+( 1+.%( <*+(%( "(0(*0,1 $<(" 6! 0+( " 0 <(>
-(*06,! 3+ <(9 31(*6<6,! ,4 X\A^Sg !" 1(* -- ,4
\dAQ\g9 '6?6!' ! 4><*,1( ,4 YYAR]gA b11,1 ! ->
.<6< 6!"6* 0(" %,<0-. 4 -<( 3,<606?( (11,1< @+6*+
@(1( 1(<$-0 ,4 0+( %,"(- =6 < ,4 #CC< 0,@ 1"
%6!6%6K6!' 0+( !$%=(1 ,4 <0 0( 01 !<606,!< 1(<$-0>
6!' 6! 6%31,3(1 <('%(!0 06,! ,4 <0 !K <9 (<3(*6 --.
@+(! 0+(1( @ < <6!'-( -6!( 0+ 0 "6" !,0 1+.%( @60+
!. ,0+(1 -6!(A
[(<$-0< 6! ) =-( S 6!"6* 0( 0+ 0 $<6!' 0+( 1+.%(
<*+(%( "(0(*0,1 4,1 *,13$< '(!(1 06,! +(-3< 31,>
"$*( <6'!646* !0-. %,1( 4-$(!0 1(<3,!<(< *,%3 1("
0, $<6!' "Z *(!0 -6!(<A E 3,<<6=-( (D3- ! 06,!
4,1 0+6< *,$-" =( 0+ 0 ""6!' -- "Z *(!0 -6!(< <
01 6!6!' 6!<0 !*(< 6!01,"$*(< -,0 ,4 !,6<( 6!0, 0+(
%,"(- @+6*+ +$10< 0+( 4-$(!*. ,4 0+( 1(<3,!<(<
'(!(1 0("A E-<,9 0+( *$%$- 06?( 41 *06,! ,4 <(!>
0(!*(< 0+ 0 @(1( - =(-(" 2$$) ,1 66%!& 8'% 6<
- 1'(1 @+(! 1+.%( <*+(%( "(0(*06,! @ < $<(" 0,
'(!(1 0( 0+( 01 6!6!' " 0 IE-0+,$'+9 0+( ;G)T
%,"(- 01 6!(" ,! 0+( *,13$< '(!(1 0(" $<6!' "Z >
*(!0 -6!(< 31,"$*(< +6'+(1 3(1*(!0 '( ,4 1+.%6!'
1(<3,!<(< 0+ 0 @(1( 1 0(" 2$$)JA T6?(! 0+( <6'!64>
6* !0-. +6'+(1 1 0( ,4 1(<3,!<( 4-$(!*. @+(! $<>
6!' 1+.%( <*+(%( "(0(*06,!9 @( 1'$( 0+ 0 $<6!'
1+.%( <*+(%( "(0(*0,1 4,1 *,13$< '(!(1 06,! 6<
=(!(46*6 -A :( =(-6(?( 0+ 0 6!*,13,1 06!' %,1( *>
*$1 0( 1+.%( <*+(%( "(0(*06,! -',160+%< 4,1 *,1>
3$< <(-(*06,! @,$-" '1( 0-. 6%31,?( 0+( H$ -60. ,4
0+( 1(<3,!<(< 31,"$*(" =. 0+( 5C) <.<0(%<A
QIE
QIL 6%/P$>#&31 3!22#35%!& +#$)/
QIB
.+1H# /3+#H# "#5#35!2 ,33>2,31
N+2,/#-A,/#" ? 4 A,/#$%&# )#2P!2H/
)!!2$1
) =-( S <+,@< 0+( ?(1 '( 41 *06,! ,4 <(!0(!*(<
1 0(" 2$$) !" 66%!& 8'% 4,1 ( *+ %,"(- !"
0+( "6<4-$(!*. *,11(*06,! <01 0('. $<(" 0, 01 6! 0+(
%,"(-A )+( 01 !<"$*06,! '1 %% 1 = <(" %,"(-<
I;G)TJ 31,"$*( <6'!646* !0-. +6'+(1 3(1*(!0 '(
,4 2$$) !" 66%!& 8'% 1+.%6!' 1(<3,!<(< *,%>
3 1(" 0, 0+( 3+1 <(>= <(" 5C) IO;5C)J = <(-6!(
4,1 =,0+ "6<4-$(!*. 46-0(16!' !" "6<4-$(!*. *,11(*>
06,! <01 0('6(< !" ,! =,0+ *,13$< <(-(*06,! %(0+>
,"<A ;G)Th[5 !" ;G)T *,11(<3,!" 0, %,"(-<
01 6!(" $<6!' 1+.%( <*+(%( !" "Z *(!0 -6!( *,1>
3$< <(-(*06,! %(0+,"< 1(<3(*06?(-.A E-<,9 ;G)T
,$03(14,1%< O;5C) ,! 0+( 0 <F ,4 4-$(!*. @+(!
01 6!(" ,! 0+( "6<4-$(!*. *,11(*0(" ?(1<6,! ,4 0+(
*,13$<A E-0+,$'+ ;G)T 4 --< =(+6!" O;5C) 6!
'(!(1 06!' <(!0(!*(< @60+ 2$$) 4-$(!*. $!"(1 0+(
"6<4-$(!*. 46-0(16!' <01 0('.9 0+( *$%$- 06?( 41 *>
06,! ,4 <(!0(!*(< 0+ 0 @(1( - =(-(" 2$$) ,1 66%!&1
)+( 1(<$-0< 6! ) =-( S 6!"6* 0( 0+ 0 0+( "6<4-$(!*.
*,11(*06,! <01 0('. ,$03(14,1%< 0+( 46-0(16!' <01 0>
('.9 ,! =,0+ 4-$(!*. !" 1+.%6!' *160(16 611(<3(*>
06?( ,4 0+( *,13$< <(-(*06,! %(0+,"A :60+ "6<4-$>
(!*. *,11(*06,!9 XYASQg ,4 0+( '(!(1 0(" 1(<3,!<(<
@(1( 1 0(" 2$$) ,! 4-$(!*.9 @+6-( 0+( "6<4-$(!*.
46-0(16!' <01 0('. 31,"$*(" ,!-. 2$$) 1(<3,!<(<
Q^A]Xg ,4 0+( 06%( $<6!' 1+.%( <*+(%( "(0(*06,!
4,1 *,13$< <(-(*06,!A 56%6- 1-.9 "6<4-$(!*. *,11(*>
06,! 31,"$*(" 4-$(!*. ,4 QSAS^g @+6-( 46-0(16!'
31,"$*(" SdAQ\g @+(! $<6!' 0+( *,13$< '(!(1 0("
=. $<6!' -- 0+( "Z *(!0 -6!(<A )+(<( ,=<(1? 06,!<
* ! =( (D3- 6!(" =. 0+( -,<< ,4 $<(4$- @,1" <<,*6>
06,! 6!4,1% 06,! !(*(<< 1. 4,1 1+.%6!' "$( 0, 0+(
%$*+ + 1<+(1 31$!6!' ,4 01 6!6!' *,13$< (!4,1*("
=. "6<4-$(!*. 46-0(16!' <01 0('.A U$0$1( 1(<( 1*+ 6<
!(*(<< 1. 0, 4$--. 6!?(<06' 0( 0+( (44(*0 ,4 -0(1! >
06?( "6<4-$(!*. *,11(*06,! <01 0('6(< ,! 0+( 3(14,1>
% !*( ,4 0+( *+ --(!'(>1(<3,!<( <.<0(%<A
114
) =-( SV O(1*(!0 '( ,4 2$$) !" 9 66%!& 8'% I6A(A9 (60+(1 ',," ,1 **(30 =-(J 1(<3,!<(< ,! 4-$(!*. !"
1+.%6!' *160(16 A O;5C) !" ;G)T *,11(<3,!" 0, 0+( 3+1 <( = <(" !" 01 !<"$*06,! '1 %% 1 = <("
%,"(-< 01 6!(" $<6!' *,13$< '(!(1 0(" 41,% -- "Z *(!0 -6!(< 6! ?(1<(A O;5C)h[5 !" ;G)Th[5 1(
%,"(-< 01 6!(" ,! 1+.%( <*+(%( = <(" *,13$< <(-(*06,! <01 0('.A
3$)%'
)#/0'*%+67
0'*%+67
0'*%+67 :9 66%!&1 "<73#+2
"<73#+2 :9 61
/&" &%27
:2$$);
8'%;
:2$$);
6%!& 8'%;
O;5C)
46-0(16!'
YAXg
SXAdQg
XA\Xg
dAR]g
O;5C)h[5
46-0(16!'
XSAd]g
YXAaSg
SQAS\g
QSASdg
;G)T
46-0(16!'
SdAQ\g
Y]AQdg
S^ARYg
XXAXXg
;G)Th[5
46-0(16!'
Q^A]Xg
\]A^]g
SYAaRg
XYA\Sg
O;5C)
*,11(*06,!
XASYg
YAdRg
SA\dg
YAXSg
O;5C)h[5
*,11(*06,!
XRA\ag
YXA\Xg
SAa]g
aARQg
;G)T
*,11(*06,!
QSAS^g
\YA\Sg
EGIQGR
XaAQSg
;G)Th[5
*,11(*06,!
GLIBER
STIGUR
QRARRg
LEIVLR
) =-( QV bD %3-(< ,4 *+ --(!'(< !" 1(<3,!<(<A
*+ --(!'(
;G)Th[5
;G)T
O;5C)h[5
*+ --(!'(
;G)Th[5
;G)T
O;5C)h[5
*+ --(!'(
;G)Th[5
;G)T
O;5C)h[5
*+ --(!'(
;G)Th[5
;G)T
O;5C)h[5
*+ --(!'(
;G)Th[5
;G)T
O;5C)h[5
QIQ
#*$ + !" &" #"" (# *!! &'%$ + ,%-& ."$/& $%&"
+$ &'( #'( *$. )" &'( +$ 0"!!* *$. &'( 1"% *+"&"
*$. &'( 2+.( &'( #( &'( *$. 3'+&( &'( + &'( %!&
#*$ + !+4( &" -(( (# *!! + ,%-& ."$/& 5*2(
.+. * &3(!4( 1(*2 ,! +$ &'( -&2((&- *$. '(!. +& -./
&" &'( 6+2!- '(2( '! &'( *$. &" &'( &'"%6'& &'( /-.
&" &'( 0/- '(2( ! &'( * &'( + 3*- &'( &'(
.+. * 1(*2 +$ &'( -&2((&- *$. +& ."3$
"' + (!+(4( +$ ("#*"& %(
5*$ 1"% -(( &'( %(
$"3 1"% -(( &'( .%(
"' + (!+(4( +$ &"#"22"3
3'*& 3"%!. + ,%-& #( *$. (-0
*$. 1"% *$. (-0
3'*& 3"%!. 1"% ."
5*%-( 1"% *+$/& 6"+$6 +-)" &+!! &'( (*2!1 )-&/
*$. &'( 1"% &'+- %1-/" + + 6"&&* -/
*$. + 1"% #1 "$ &'( * '"#( 3(
5*%-( 1"% *$. 1"%2 72+($.- *+$& $"&'+$6 %&
*+,$$#&'#-2#/)!&/# #M,H)$#/
) =-( Q <+,@< <,%( ,4 0+( *+ --(!'(< !" 0+( *,1>
1(<3,!"6!' 1(<3,!<(< ,4 O;5C)h[59 ;G)Th[5
!" ;G)T %,"(-A
:+6-( O;5C)h[5 !"
;G)Th[5 %,"(-< '(!(1 0( 1(<3,!<(< 1(4-(*06!'
+6'+ "('1(( ,4 4-$(!*.9 0+( ,$03$0 ,4 0+( ;G)T
*,!0 6!< -,0 ,4 106*-(<A G0 6< 6!0(1(<06!' 0, !,0(
0+ 0 ;G)Th[5 31,"$*(< 1(<3,!<(< *,%3 1 =-( 6!
4-$(!*. 0, O;5C)h[5 "(<360( =(6!' 0,F(! = <("
01 !<"$*06,! '1 %% 1A #,@(?(19 O;5C) %,">
(-< 0(!" 0, 31,"$*( 1(<3,!<(< 0+ 0 1( 0,, <6%6>
- 1 0, 0+( *+ --(!'( *,%3 1(" 0, 0+( ;G)T %,">
(-< @+6*+ 6%31,?6<( 1(<3,!<(< 0+ 0 1+.%( =(00(1
I<+,@! 6! =,-"4 *(JA G! 4 *0 ;G)T %,"(-< 41(>
H$(!0-. 31,"$*( 1(<3,!<(< 0+ 0 1+.%( @,1"< !,0
,!-. 0 0+( (!" =$0 -<, 6! 0+( %6""-( ,4 *+ --(!'(<
< ,$1 01 !<"$*06,! '1 %% 1 %,"(- * 30$1(< <01$*>
115
0$1 - <<,*6 06,!< %,1( (44(*06?(-. 0+ ! 0+( 3+1 <(>
= <(" %,"(-A
S *!&3$>/%!&/
:( "(%,!<01 0(" 0+ 0 0+( 31,=-(% ,4 +63 +,3 -.16*
'(!(1 06,! * ! =( * <0 6!0, 01 !<- 06,! 31,=-(%
!" (D6<06!' 5C) -( 1!6!' -',160+%< * ! =( 3>
3-6(" 0, $0,% 06* --. -( 1! % *+6!( 01 !<- 06,!
<.<0(% 0+ 0 **(30< +63 +,3 -.16* *+ --(!'(< !"
6%31,?6<(< 1+.%6!' 1(<3,!<(<A :( *,%3 1(" 0+(
3(14,1% !*( ,4 ,$1 5C) %,"(- 0+ 0 $<(< <0,*+ <>
06* 01 !<"$*06,! '1 %% 1 ' 6!<0 0+( @6"(-. $<("
3+1 <(>= <(" 5C) %,"(- !" "(%,!<01 0(" 0+ 0
*,!?(!06,! - O;5C) -',160+%< 4 -- <+,10 6! 0 *F>
-6!' 0+( !,6<. !" +6'+-. $!<01$*0$1(" ",% 6! ,4
+63 +,3 -.16*<A :( <+,@(" 0+ 0 0+( 3(14,1% !*( ,4
,$1 5C) %,"(- 6%31,?(< @+(! 0+( 01 6!6!' " 0
@ < '(!(1 0(" $<6!' 1+.%( <*+(%( "(0(*0,1 <
,33,<(" 0, ""6!' -- "Z *(!0 -6!(< ,4 ?(1<( 0,
0+( 01 6!6!' *,13$<A 5,%( 0 <F><3(*646* 31,=-(%<
1(<$-06!' 41,% "6<4-$(!*6(< !" = *F6!' ?,* -<9
@+6*+ 1( *+ 1 *0(16<06* 0, 0+( ",% 6! ,4 +63 +,3
-.16*< @(1( 6"(!0646("A G! ,$1 4$0$1( @,1F @( 3- !
0, 4$10+(1 6!?(<06' 0( !,?(- 01 !<"$*06,! '1 %% 1
%,"(-< 0+ 0 <6%$-0 !(,$<-. -( 1! 1+.%6!' @,1"<
!" -6'!%(!0< 0+(1(=. (-6%6! 06!' 0+( !((" 4,1
"("6* 0(" 1+.%( <*+(%( "(0(*0,1A
;37&!F$#"'#H#&5/
)+6< % 0(16 - 6< = <(" $3,! @,1F <$33,10(" 6! 3 10 =.
0+( #,!' 7,!' [(<( 1*+ T1 !0< /,$!*6- I[T/J 1(<( 1*+
'1 !0< T[U]QR^SS9 T[U]QSRR^9 T[U]SQ^R]e =. 0+( 2(>
4(!<( E"? !*(" [(<( 1*+ O1,Z(*0< E'(!*. I2E[OEJ $!"(1
;B&) *,!01 *0 !,A #[RRSS>SQ>/>RRS]9 !" TE&b *,!01 *0
!,<A #[RRSS>R]>/>RRQQ !" #[RRSS>R]>/>RRQXe !" =. 0+(
b$1,3( ! 8!6,! $!"(1 0+( UOd '1 !0 '1((%(!0 !,A Q^d]\^A
E!. ,36!6,!<9 46!"6!'< !" *,!*-$<6,!< ,1 1(*,%%(!" 06,!<
(D31(<<(" 6! 0+6< % 0(16 - 1( 0+,<( ,4 0+( $0+,1< !" ", !,0
!(*(<< 16-. 1(4-(*0 0+( ?6(@< ,4 0+( [T/9 b89 ,1 2E[OEA
51 ? ! 5'**I !" 7(?6! !%)/.2A L8!<$3(1?6<(" "6<*,?>
(1. ,4 1+.%( <*+(%(<AM NC&< @++* ' .%%&#+2 $0 &<% @//$1
6# &#$+ 0$" ?$3!*& &#$+ ' A#+2*#/&#6/X Y*3 + A +2* 2%
V%6<+$'$2#%/ :@?A1YAV HBDD;9 ?,-A Q9 ddi^QA E<<,*6 06,!
4,1 /,%3$0 06,! - &6!'$6<06*<9 QRSSA
.#P#2#&3#/
E! !0+ [ % F16<+! ! 9 5 !F 1 !"##$%9 !" 5,=+ & -60+
&'()A
LE$0,% 06* '(!(1 06,! ,4 ) %6- -.16*< 4,1
%(-,"6(<AM =$">/<$! $+ ?$3!*& &#$+ ' @!!"$ 6<%/ &$
A#+2*#/&#6 ?"% &#5#&7 :?@A?1BC;9 YRiY]A QRRaA
C 1F$< G$'319 7 10((F **$%+)9 !" 2(F 6 ,"A LU1,%
46!60(><0 0( 0, 6!?(1<6,! 01 !<"$*06,!<V ),@ 1" $!<$>
3(1?6<(" =6-6!'$ - '1 %% 1 6!"$*06,!AM HN&< E+&%"+ 1
&#$+ ' ?$+0%"%+6% $+ ?$3!*& &#$+ ' A#+2*#/&#6/ :?QAE-R
HBDH;9 QXQ\iQXYRA C$%= 69 G!"6 9 2(*(%=(1 QRSQA
7 10((F **$%+) !" 2(F 6 ,"A L8!<$3(1?6<(" 1+.%(
<*+(%( 6"(!0646* 06,! 6! +63 +,3 -.16*< $<6!' +6""(!
C 1F,? %,"(-<AM D/& E+&%"+ &#$+ ' ?$+0%"%+6% $+ F& &#/1
&#6 ' A +2* 2% +) F!%%6< G"$6%//#+2 :FAFG HBDI;A ) 1>
1 ',! 9 53 6!9 QRSXA
C 1F$< G$'31 !" 2(F 6 ,"A L[((<06% 06,! ,4 1(646(" 1$-(<
6! <(%616!' 3 1<6!' !" =63 1<6!'AM P#0&< =$">/<$! $+
F7+& 4Z F%3 +&#6/ +) F&"*6&*"% #+ F& &#/&#6 ' V" +/' &#$+
:FFFV1T;9 dRid^A O,10- !"9 B1(',!V E<<,*6 06,! 4,1 /,%>
3$0 06,! - &6!'$6<06*<9 _$!( QRSSA
2 ?6" -.)$%/A L#6(1 1*+6* - 3+1 <(>= <(" 01 !<- 06,!AM
?$3!*& &#$+ ' A#+2*#/&#6/9 XXIQJVQRSiQQ^9 QRRdA
C,1' ! G<%*'3'//'3A LE33-6* 06,!< ,4 '1 3+ 0+(,1. 0, !
b!'-6<+ 1+.%6!' *,13$<AM ?$3!*&%" F!%%6< [ A +2* 2%9
Q\IXJV]\\i]d^9 QRSSA
E10+$1 O(!0- !" &'0#12'39 N ! CA 4$)3*9 !" 2,!>
-" ;1$*( 5"6)%A LC D6%$% -6F(-6+,," 41,% 6!*,%3-(0(
" 0 ?6 0+( bC -',160+%AM J$*"+ ' $0 &<% K$7 ' F& &#/&#6 '
F$6#%&7( F%"#%/ L :.%&<$)$'$2#6 ';9 XaISJVSiX^9 SaddA
O6(11( E &'()7('3A L; $%W< 4,1@ 1">= *F@ 1" -',160+% 1(>
?6<60("AM G &&%"+ K%6$2+#&#$+ A%&&%"/9 XI]JVX]aiXdX9 Sa^\A
2%6016. 8'%9':9 _ F,= ;19+<3')29 !" U1 !K =>.A LO,(06*
<0 06<06* - % *+6!( 01 !<- 06,!V [+.%( !" %(0(1AM ?$+0%"1
%+6% $+ M3!#"#6 ' .%&<$)/ #+ - &*" ' A +2* 2% G"$6%//1
#+2 :M.-AG HBDB;9 S\^iS]]A E<<,*6 06,! 4,1 /,%3$0 >
06,! - &6!'$6<06*<9 QRSRA
b16* 83''%'9 )$'= ?<*3"0:"9 !" 7(?6! !%)/.2A
LE$0,% 06* ! -.<6< ,4 1+.0+%6* 3,(01. @60+ 33-6* 06,!<
0, '(!(1 06,! !" 01 !<- 06,!AM ?$+0%"%+6% $+ M3!#"#1
6 ' .%&<$)/ #+ - &*" ' A +2* 2% G"$6%//#+2 :M.-AG
HBDB;9 \QYi\XXA E<<,*6 06,! 4,1 /,%3$0 06,! - &6!'$6<>
06*<9 QRSRA
E16 @$/.)/.)9 _,+! ?:)29'39 _,+! &'A'3<9 !" 2 !
!:')%A L;(00(1 @,1" -6'!%(!0< @60+ <$3(1?6<(" 60' %,">
(-<AM J$#+& ?$+0%"%+6% $0 &<% NO&< @++* ' .%%&#+2 $0 &<%
@//$6# &#$+ 0$" ?$3!*& &#$+ ' A#+2*#/&#6/ +) &<% N&< E+1
&%"+ &#$+ ' J$#+& ?$+0%"%+6% $+ - &*" ' A +2* 2% G"$1
6%//#+2 $0 &<% @/# + P%)%" &#$+ $0 - &*" ' A +2* 2% G"$1
6%//#+2 :@?A1EJ?-AG HBBC;9 aQXiaXSA 5$!0(*9 56!' 3,1(9
E$'$<0 QRRaA
&,!' B)$%/ !" C6!' C.<"A LT(!(1 06!' /+6!(<( *,$3-(0<
$<6!' <0 06<06* - C) 331, *+AM HB&< E+&%"+ &#$+ ' ?$+1
0%"%+6% $+ ?$3!*& &#$+ ' A#+2*#/&#6/ :?QAE-R HBBS;A
QRR^A
O+6-633 !<'.%9 #6($ @<$%/9 E-(D !"1 ?)3>.9 /+16<
-$::)1<%D?"3>.9
C 1*(--, E'*'3)><9
N6*,?'32<:*)9 ;1,,F( -<F$%9 : "( G.'%9 /+16<06!(
H<3$%9 [6*+ 1" C'%19 /+16< &I'39 B!"1(Z ?<7$39
E-(D !"1 -<%12$%2)%9 !" b? ! @'3612A LC,<(<V
B3(! <,$1*( 0,,-F60 4,1 <0 06<06* - % *+6!( 01 !<- 06,!AM
NT&< @++* ' .%%&#+2 $0 &<% @//$6# &#$+ 0$" ?$3!*& &#$+ '
A#+2*#/&#6/ :@?A HBBO; U%3$ +) G$/&%" F%//#$+/9
SddiS^RA O1 '$(9 /K(*+ [(3$=-6*9 _$!( QRRdA
C 1F 4)6'30$%A L[ 3 <*+,- 1<+639 1 3 %(0(19 !" 0+( !0+,->
,'. ,4 %,!"('1((!<AM 21134556$)70$7"687/6!./03"))/
"!05)66593:;<;=9 2(*(%=(1 QRSRA E**(<<("V QRSX>R]>
XRA
BbG5A L;(-- ,1 (D3,!(!06 - !$%=(1<V @ .< ,4 3- *6!' !
- =(-(" = --< 6!0, ! 6!"6<06!'$6<+ =-( =,D(<AM V<% Q+1
A#+% M+676'$!%)# $0 E+&%2%" F%W*%+6%/9 21134558"%(/
8+75>???@@?9 QRSXA E**(<<("V QRSX>R]>XRA
E!"1( < G2<:>+'A L5[G&C i ! (D0(!<6=-( - !'$ '( %,">
(-6!' 0,,-F60AM E+&%"+ &#$+ ' ?$+0%"%+6% $+ F!$>%+ A +1
2* 2% G"$6%//#+2 :E-VMKFGMM?Y HBBH;9 aRSiaRYA 2(!>
?(19 /,-,1 ",9 5(30(%=(1 QRRQA
2(F 6 ,"A LE! -',160+% 4,1 <6%$-0 !(,$<-. =1 *F(06!' 3 1>
--(- 0(D0< =. -6'!6!' @,1"<AM II") @++* ' .%%&#+2 $0
&<% @//$6# &#$+ 0$" ?$3!*& &#$+ ' A#+2*#/&#6/ :@?A1CT;9
QYYiQ\SA / %=16"'(9 C << *+$<(00<9 _$!( Saa\ A
2(F 6 ,"A L50,*+ <06* 6!?(1<6,! 01 !<"$*06,! '1 %% 1<9
@60+ 33-6* 06,! 0, <('%(!0 06,!9 =1 *F(06!'9 !" -6'!>
%(!0 ,4 3 1 --(- *,13,1 AM DN&< E+&%"+ &#$+ ' J$#+& ?$+1
0%"%+6% $+ @"&#0#6# ' E+&%''#2%+6% :EJ?@E1CT;9 ?,-A a\9
SXQ^iSXX\A Saa\=A
2(F 6 ,"A LE O,-.!,%6 ->06%( E-',160+% 4,1 50 06<06* - C >
*+6!( )1 !<- 06,!AM IN&< ++* ' 3%%&#+2 $+ @//$6# &#$+
0$" ?$3!*& &#$+ ' A#+2*#/&#6/ :@?A1C\;9 S\QiS\^A C,1>
16<0,@!9 N_9 85E9 Saa]A
2(F 6 ,"A L50,*+ <06* G!?(1<6,! )1 !<"$*06,! T1 %% 1<
!" ;6-6!'$ - O 1<6!' ,4 O 1 --(- /,13,1 AM ?$3!*& &#$+ '
A#+2*#/&#6/9 QXIXJVXddiYRX9 SaadA
2(F 6 ,"A L)(D0$ - (!0 6-%(!0 1(*,'!606,! $<6!' 6!?(1<6,!
01 !<"$*06,! '1 %% 1<AM _, H$6! J")K<%'3<D-$%*':$9
G", &$/$%9 ;(1! 1", H$/%)%)9 !" U-,1(!*( *ᮯ :>.L
?"> I("<AJ9 . 6<#+% A% "+#+2 ?< ''%+2%/( M5 '* &#+2
G"%)#6&#5% ]+6%"& #+&7Z ^#/* ' Q8_%6& ?' //#0#6 &#$+Z +)
K%6$2+#/#+2 V%4&* ' M+& #'3%+&9 ?,-A XaYY ,4 A%6&*"%
-$&%/ #+ ?$3!*&%" F6#%+6%9 QaaiXR^A ;(1-6!V 5316!'(19
QRR]A
2(F 6 ," !" O <* -( E"%/A LG!?(1<6,! 01 !<"$*06,! '1 %>
% 1 *,!<01 6!0< 4,1 %6!6!' 3 1 --(- <(!0(!*(< 41,% H$ <6>
*,%3 1 =-( *,13,1 AM F%6$+) E+&%"+ &#$+ ' J$#+& ?$+1
0%"%+6% $+ - &*" ' A +2* 2% G"$6%//#+2 :EJ?-AG1BT;9
Q\diQ]^A 5316!'(19 QRR\A
2(F 6 ," !" #,!'<6!' ,<%/A LC *+6!( 01 !<- 06,! @60+
<0,*+ <06* '1 %% 06* - *+ !!(-AM I\&< @++* ' .%%&1
#+2 $0 &<% @//$6# &#$+ 0$" ?$3!*& &#$+ ' A#+2*#/&#6/ +)
DO&< E+&%"+ &#$+ ' ?$+0%"%+6% $+ ?$3!*& &#$+ ' A#+2*#/1
&#6/ :?QAE-R1@?A `CS;9 SYR^iSYS\A Saa^A
[6*+ 1" C'%1 !" #(1% !! A'IA LE *,%3 1 06?( <0$". ,!
1(,1"(16!' *,!<01 6!0< 6! <0 06<06* - % *+6!( 01 !<- 06,!AM
ND/& @++* ' .%%&#+2 $+ @//$6# &#$+ 0$" ?$3!*& &#$+ '
A#+2*#/&#6/ :@?A1BI;9 SYYiS\SA 501,$"<=$1'9 OE9 85EV
E<<,*6 06,! 4,1 /,%3$0 06,! - &6!'$6<06*<9 QRRXA
116