Normawaty Mohammad-Noor, Siti Nor
Rahaida Harun, Asilah Al-Has Abdul Latif,
Najma Tasnim Mohamad and Shahbudin
Saad
Institute Oceanography and Maritime
Studies, Kulliyyah of Science,International
Islamic University Malaysia
Introduction
 blooms


-millions of cells per litre
discolour the water surface
yellow, brown, red, green
Blue green
Dinoflagellates
Dinoflagellates
To identify phytoplankton of coastal water of
Tioman Island based in light and electron
microscopy
To determine phytoplankton cell abundance and
cell diversity
Date: 25-31 August 2012
Sampling stations : 16
Method: plankton net and
integrated samples
Phytoplankton
Identified –
light and SEM
Counting cell
using sedgwick
rafter cell
• Cell
abundance
• Cell diversity
(program
PAST)
Other parameters such as nutrients (nitrate,
phosphate, silicate), ph, DO, temparature
and salinity were determined/recorded at
each station
 121 species of phytoplankyton were
identified (Table 1)
 Diatoms -105 species
 Dinoflagellates -14 species
 Cyanobacteria -2 species
 Please refer to poster entitled
‘Phytoplankton of Tioman Island’ to see the
photos of common phytoplankton.
Species division
Species name
Diatoms (Bacillariophyta)
Biddulphiales
Biddu
ChaetocerotaceaeRalfs in Prichard 1861
lphiineae
Bacteriastrum comosum
Bacteriastrum delicatulum
Bacteriastrum hyalinum
Bacteriastrum varians
Chaetoceros aequatorialis
Chaetoceros affinis
Chaetoceros compressum
Chaetoceros constrictum
Chaetoceros curvisetus
Chaetoceros danicus
Chaetoceros decipiens
Chaetoceros distans
Chaetoceros furcellatus
Chaetoceros laciniosum
Chaetoceros laeve
Chaetoceros lauderii
Chaetoceros lorenzianum
Chaetoceros paradoxum
Chaetoceros peruvianus
Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetum
Chaetoceros radians
Chaetoceros similis
Chaetoceros sp.
EupodiscaceaeKutzing 1849
Odontella sinensis
Odontellamobilensis
HemiaulaceaeJouse, Kisselev&Poretsky 1949
Cerataulinabicornis
Cerataulinapelagica
Eucampiacornuta
Eucampiazodiacusf. zodiacus
Hemialushauckii
Hemialusindicus
Hemialusmembranaceus
Hemialus sinensis
Pseudoguinardia recta
LithodesmiaceaePeragallo 1897-1908 emend. Simonsen 1979
Ditylumbrightwellii
Coscinodiscineae
Asterolampraceae H.L. Smith 1872 emend. Gombos 1980
Asteromphaluscleveanus
CoscinodiscaceaeKutzing 1844
Coscinodiscusconcinnus
Coscinodiscusexcentricus
Coscinodiscusgigas
Coscinodiscuslineatus
Coscinodiscus sp.
Coscinodiscussubtilis
LeptocylindraceaeLebour 1930
Corethroncriophilum
Leptocylindrusdanicus
Leptocylindrusminimus
ThalassiosiraceaeLebour 1930 emend. Hasle 1973
Lauderiaannulata
Skeletonemamenzellii
Rhizosoleniineae
Skeletonemacostatum
Rhizosoleniaceae De Toni 1863
Dactyliosolenantarticus
Dactyliosolenfragilissimus
Dactyliosolenphuketensis
Guinardiacylindrus
Guinardiadelicatula
Guinardiaflaccida
Guinardiastriata
Pseudosoleniacalcar-avis
Probosciaalata
Probosciatruncata
Rhizosoleniaarafurensis
Rhizosoleniabergonii
Rhizosoleniacrassa
Rhizosoleniacurvata
Rhizosoleniadebyana
Rhizosoleniaformosa
Rhizosoleniahebetataf. semispina
Rhizosolenia hebetate f. hebetata
Rhizosoleniahyaline
Rhizosoleniaimbricata
Rhizosoleniasetigera
Rhizosoleniastolterforthii
Rhizosoleniastriata
Rhizosoleniastyliformis
Diatoms (Bacillariophyta)
Bacillariales
Bacillariineae
Bacillariaceae Ehrenberg 1831
Bacillariaparadoxa
Nitzschiaclosterium
Nitzschialongissima
Pseudo-nitzschiasp
NaviculaceaeKutzing 1844
Diploneisdidyma
Diploneissmithii
Ephemera planamembranacea
Hasleatrompii
Hasleawawrikae
Membraneis challengeri
Meunieramembranacea
Naviculaelongatulum
Naviculadistans
Naviculaglacialis
Naviculapelagi
Naviculatransitransf. delicatula
Pinnulariaacuminata
Pinnulariabogotensis
Pleurosigmaelongatum
Pleurosigmanaviculaceum
Pleurosigmanormanii
Fragilariineae
Pleurosigmasalinarum
Thalassionemataceae F.E. Round in Round et al., 1990
Liolomaelongatum
Liolomapacificum
Thalassionemabacillare
Thalassionemajavanicum
Thalassionemanitzschioides
Diatoms (Bacillariophyta)
Cymbellales
Gomphonemataceaen
Gomphonemaparvulum
Dinoflagellates (Dinophyta)
Dinophysiales
Dinophysiaceae
Gonyaulacales
Dinophysis caudata
Ceratiaceae Lindemann 1928
Ceratium declinatum
Ceratium furca
Ceratium fusus
Ceratium trichoceros
Ceratium tripos
Goniodomataceae
Noctilucales
Peridiniales
Prorocentrales
Alexandrium sp.
Schuetiella mitra
Noctilucaceae Kent 1881
Noctiluca scintillans
Oxyphysaceae
Oxytoxum sp.
Protoperidiniaceae F.J.R. Taylor 1987
Protoperidiniumpellucidum
Protoperidiniumsp.
Prorocentraceae Stein 1883
Prorocentrum sigmoides
Prorocentrum sp.
Cyanobacteria
Nostocales
Nostocaceae
Anabaena sp.
Phormidiaceae
Trichodesmiumsp.
A total of 121 species of phytoplankton have been identified
Salleh et al. (2005) have reported 106 species of phytoplankton from
29 genera and in coastal area of Bachok, Kelantan
1. Alexandrium sp
2. P. sigmoides
3.Dinophysis caudata
3.Ceratium furca
4.C. fusus
5.C. tripos
6. Noctiluca scintillans
7. Chaetoceros spp
8.Skeletonema costatum
Ceratium furca
In Peninsular Malaysia HAB has been reported to cause by a few
Alexandrium species, Ceratium furca and Prorocentrum minimum (Usup
et al. 2002,2003).
Skeletonema
Eucampia
Coscinosdiscus
Chaetoceros
Ceratium
Chaetoceros
Ditylum
Bacteriastrum
Thalassiosira
Odontella
Rhizosolenia
Cells/L
7.8 x 103 cells/L
Stations
nitrate
phosphate
Preliminary results showed that phytoplankton cells were positively correlated
H’ ranged between
3.0 to 3.3
 Physico-chemical
parameters within the
normal range

DO
Salinity
Temperature pH
Units
mg/l
psu
ºC
Average
6.92±0.66
33.54±0.12
27.78±0.42
8.34±0.03
 121
species – high diversity
 Potential
HAB species – may have problem
from these species
 baseline
information for any relevant
agencies in managing land based activities
within the area.
 More
studies on cell abundance to
understand the distribution of phytoplankton
• attach to substrates - macrophyte, corals, sediment, shell
or benthic invertebrates
• produce toxins – harm humans and other invertebrates
• 2 genera have been given attention : Ostreopsis and
Gambierdiscus
GEOHAB CORE RESEARCH
PROJECT:
HABs IN BENTHIC SYSTEMS
Staffs students of INOCEM, IIUM for field
assistance
Marine Park Malaysia for financial support
and boat rental
Grant EDW B from IIUM
Grant Escience awarded to Dr. Shahbudin
Saad