Chapter 10
The Urban Economy and the
Consolidation of States
I. Cities, Trade, and Commerce
• A. Urban government
– 1. Town Independence
– 2. Communes, Oligarchs, and
Consuls
• mayors
– 3. Urb. pop. small
– 4. Urban Regulation
– 5. Moral Regulation
• Prostitution
• Standard weights and measures
• B. The Organization of Crafts and
Trades
– 1. Wool Cloth Production
– 2. Guilds
• Master artisans
– 3. Guild Functions
– 4. Apprenticeship
• C. Commercial institutions
– 1. Banks
• The Medici
– 2. Loans and Usury
– 3. Partnerships
– 4. Jewish Lenders
– 5. Accounting and Insurance
– 6. Shipping and Navigation
• Astrolabe
– Latitude
– Longitude?
• Compass
• Now sailing into Atlantic
Map
10.1
Europe,
ca. 1250
• A. England and the
Development of Parliament
– 1. Origins of Parliament
• Simon de Montfort
• Battle of Lewes
• “Model Parliament,” 1295
– 2. Two Houses of Parliament
• House of Lords
– Aristocracy
– Bishops
– Abbots
• House of Commons
– Knights
– Burgesses
– “Power of the purse”
• Modern parallels?
– 3. Edward I
• Prince of Wales
• Scotland – William Wallace
II. Monarchies and
the Development of
Representative
Institutions
Parliament today
European Union Parliament
Iraqi Parliament
United States Congress
Map
10.1
Europe,
ca. 1250
• B. France and the Consolidation
of Rule
– 1. Philip IV
• Aquitaine
• Flemish revolt
• Church’s “free gifts”
– 2. Estates General
• Three estates
– 3. Unsuccessful reform left FR weak
• C. The Holy Roman Empire and
the Fragmentation of Rule
– 1. The Habsburgs
• Rudolph Habsburg
– 2. Swiss Cantons independent
• Unique – no monarch
Homage of
Edward I to
Philippe IV le
Bel
Map
10.1
Europe,
ca. 1250
III. Government in the East
• A. The Byzantine
Empire
– 1. Michael VIII
Palaeologus
• Retakes Constantinople
– 2. The Balkans
• B. The Mongols
– 1. Genghis Khan
• Largest empire ever by
1225
– 2. The Golden Horde
• Rus
Conquests of Genghis Khan
• C. Muscovite
Russia
– 1. Ivan I of
Muscovy
– 2. Ivan III
• Tsar
• Sophia
Palaeologus
• Double-headed
eagle
• Sudebnik
– 3. The Third Rome
• Moscow
• Ivan IV, the
Terrible
• Boyars
Map 10.2
The Rise of
Moscow,
1325-1533
IV. The Papacy and the Church
• A. The Papacy
– 1. Boniface VIII
– 2. Clash with
Philip IV of
France
• Clerical
taxation
• Unam
Sanctam
– 3. Origin of the
Avignon Papacy
• Clement V
• Avignon, France
Papal palace at Avignon
V. Learning and Literature
• A. Dante
– 1. The Divine Comedy
• Dante’s visit to hell, purgatory, and
heaven