Biology I: Study Guide # 3
Topics: Photosynthesis & Respiration
Name: _____________________
Biology Textbook: pg. 200 – 214, 220 - 232
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
1. Define:
a. autotroph: ___________________________________________________________________________________
b. heterotroph: __________________________________________________________________________________
c. ATP: ________________________________________________________________________________________
d. ADP: ________________________________________________________________________________________
e. Glucose: _______________________________________________________________________________ ______
f. photosynthesis: ________________________________________________________________________________
2. Describe the three parts of an ATP molecule (draw its structure below):
3. Explain the difference between ATP and ADP: ___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Write the energy storing reaction involving ATP and ADP: _________________________________________________
5. Write the energy releasing reaction involving ATP and ADP: _______________________________________________
6. How does a change from ATP to ADP provide an organism with energy? _____________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Compare the amounts of energy stored by ATP and glucose:_______________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. How were Priestley`s and Ingenhousz`s discoveries about photosynthesis related? _____________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
9. Write the basic equation of photosynthesis using both, the words and the symbols:
10. What are the raw materials needed for photosynthesis? ________________________ and _____________________
11. What are the products of photosynthesis? ________________________ and ________________________
12. Why are light and chlorophyll needed for photosynthesis? _______________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
13. Describe the relationship between chlorophyll and the color of plants: ______________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
14. How well would a plant grow under pure green light? Explain. ____________________________________________
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15. Circle the letters of the regions of the visible spectrum in which chlorophyll absorbs light very well.
a. blue-violet region
b. green region
c. red region d. yellow region
16. How do plans store glucose? _______________________________________________________________________
17. Label the structures in the diagram below:
18. In which structure(s) do the light-dependent
reactions occur?
______________________________________
19. In which structure(s) does the Calvin cycle take
place?
____________________________________________
20. Explain the role of NADP+ as an energy carrier in photosynthesis: __________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
21. What is the role of ATP synthase? ___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
22. How do the events in the Calvin cycle depend on the light-dependent reactions? _____________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
23. Complete the following flowchart about photosynthesis:
1. _____________________________________
2. _____________________________________
3. _____________________________________
4. _____________________________________
5. _____________________________________
24. Name at least three factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis: _________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
25. Match each term with its description below.
a. chlorophyll
b. stroma
c. pigment
d.photosynthesis
e. light-dependent reactions
11. molecule that absorbs light
12. produce oxygen gas and convert ADP to ATP
13. the region outside the thylakoid membranes
14. principal pigment found in plants
15. process by which autotrophs use sunlight to make highenergy sugar
RESPIRATION
26. Label the diagram below which represents a cross section of a mitochondrion:
Crista
27. Circle the organisms that contain mitochondria in their cells.
a. an animal
b. a plant
c. a bacterium
d. a fungus
e. a prokaryote
28. Define cellular respiration: _______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
29. Write the general equation of cellular respiration using both, the words and the symbols:
30. What are the raw materials needed for cellular respiration? ______________________ and ___________________
31. What are the products of cellular respiration? _________________ and _________________ and _______________
32. Define:
a. glycolysis: _________________________________________________________________________________
b. pyruvic acid: _______________________________________________________________________________
c. NAD+: ____________________________________________________________________________________
d. aerobic: __________________________________________________________________________________
e. anaerobic: ________________________________________________________________________________
f. fermentation: ______________________________________________________________________________
g. Krebs cycle: _______________________________________________________________________________
h. electron transport chain: ____________________________________________________________________
33. What is the net energy gain in glycolysis?
a. 4 molecules of ATP
b. 2 molecules of ATP
c. 36 molecules of ATP d. 38 molecules of ATP
34. Which of the following causes a painful, burning sensation in muscles after vigorous exercise?
a. alcohol
b. glycolysis
c. pyruvic acid
d. lactic acid
35. What is another name for the Krebs cycle?
a. the glycolysis cycle b. alcoholic fermentation
c. the citric acid cycle
d. the respiration cycle
36. Write equations to show how lactic acid fermentation compares with alcoholic fermentation. Which reactants do
they have in common?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
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37. Summarize what happens during the Krebs cycle. What happens to the high energy electrons generated during the
Krebs cycle? _______________________________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________
38. On the lines provided, identify which phrase describes the following processes: cellular respiration, glycolysis, lactic
acid fermentation, or alcoholic fermentation.
a. important in baking bread__________________________________________________________
b.
builds up in muscles after a few seconds of intense activity ________________________________
c. requires oxygen and glucose________________________________________________________
d. produces 2 ATP molecules and pyruvic acid _____________________________________________
e. almost the opposite process of photosynthesis_________________________________________
f.
the reason why runners breathe heavily after a race _____________________________________
39. In the space provided, write the letter of the definition that best matches each term.
___ 1. anaerobic
a. process that releases energy by breaking down food in the presence of oxygen
___ 2. aerobic
b. amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1°C
___ 3. calorie
c. chemical process that does not require oxygen
___ 4. cellular respiration
d. chemical process that requires oxygen
___ 5. fermentation
e. electron carrier of glycolysis
___ 6. glycolysis
f. process that releases energy from food molecules when no oxygen is present
___ 7. Krebs cycle
g. stage of cellular respiration in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon
___ 8. NAD+
dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions
h. process in which glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid
40. Which phrase best describes cellular respiration, a process that occurs continuously in the cells of organisms?
(1) removal of oxygen from the cells of an organism
(2) conversion of light energy into the chemical bond energy of organic molecules
(3) transport of materials within cells and throughout the bodies of multicellular organisms
(4) changing of stored chemical energy in food molecules to a form usable by organisms
41. How many molecules of ATP are produced in the entire breakdown of glucose? __________
42. In what way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration similar?
(1) They both occur in chloroplasts.
(2) They both require sunlight.
(3) They both involve organic and inorganic molecules.
(4) They both require oxygen and produce carbon dioxide.
43. Compare and contrast the process of photosynthesis and respiration (use the chart provided)
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Function
Raw materials
Products
Energy rich molecule produced
Use of the energy rich molecule by an
organism
State how a gas produced by each process is recycled in nature: ______________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
44. Complete the following concept map showing the flow of energy in photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
45. Certain types of bacteria thrive in conditions that lack oxygen.
What does that fact indicate about the way they obtain energy?
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
46. Yeast cells can carry out both fermentation and aerobic
cellular respiration, depending on whether oxygen is present. In
which case would you expect yeast cells to grow more rapidly?
Explain.
______________________________________________________
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47. Which part of a cell is the site of glycolysis?
______________________________________________
48. Where in a cell do Krebs cycle and electron transport chain
take place? ____________________________________