Jamestown:
An English Settlement
The first permanent English settlement in
North America is founded at Jamestown, Virginia,
in 1607.
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Joint-stock companies—investors
fund colony for the purpose of
collecting profits ($)
• In 1607, Virginia Company sends 150
people to establish Jamestown
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A Difficult Start
• Colonists seek gold, suffer from disease and
hunger (disease was the main disrupter of
Jamestown)
• John Smith forces colonists to farm; gets help
from Powhatan people
• (1609) 600 colonists arrive; Powhatan destroy
farms; “starving time”
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English Settlers Struggle in North America
Jamestown Begins to Succeed
• Colony grows (new arrivals)
• Jamestown colonists grow tobacco (cash crop)
“Brown Gold” and Indentured Servants
• Tobacco becomes profitable; export 1.5 million
pounds by late 1620s
• Head-right system—purchaser of passage gets
50 acres of land—used by England to attract
settlers to Virginia.
• Plantation owners use indentured servants—
work 4–7 years for passage (eventually replaced
by African slaves)
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English Settlers Struggle in North America
The First African Laborers
• First Africans arrive (1619); treated as
indentured servants
• Late 1600s, owners begin importing costly
slaves across the Middle Passage from West
Africa
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The Settlers Clash with Native Americans
The Settlers Battle Native Americans
Continued hostilities between Powhatan and
English after starving time due to conflicts over
land
• 1614 marriage of Pocahontas and John Rolfe
creates temporary peace
• Renewed fighting; In 1624 King James I
makes Virginia royal colony under his control,
in order to help protect colonists from Native
Americans
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SECTION
2
Economic Differences Split Virginia
Hostilities Develop b/t Gov’t and citizens
• Former indentured people settle frontier,
cannot vote, pay high taxes
• Frontier settlers out on the frontier battle Native
Americans; tension between frontier, wealthy
• Governor & House of Burgesses (Virginia’s first
elected representative assembly) refuse to give
money to help frontier fight local natives
Bacon’s Rebellion
• Nathaniel Bacon raises army to fight natives
on frontier (1676)
• Governor calls Bacon’s army illegal; Bacon sets
fire to Jamestown (similarities to Amer Rev)
Image
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New England Colonies
Massachusetts, Rhode Island,
New Hampshire, & Connecticut
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The Massachusetts Bay Company
•In 1630, joint-stock company founds
Massachusetts Bay Colony
• Puritans and Pilgrims—groups who flee
England and establish colony of Massachusetts
for religious freedom
• John Winthrop is Puritan colony’s first
governor (“City on a Hill”)
• Puritans adopt Half-Way Covenant to allow
partial membership for Puritan children until
age 14
• New England colonies had town meetings
(direct democracy) and legislatures
(representative democracy)
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Thirteen Original
English Colonies
Three Groups:
New
England Colonies
Middle
Colonies
Southern
Colonies
Dissent in the Puritan Community
The Founding of Providence
• Roger Williams—Puritan minister with
controversial views
• General Court orders his arrest; Williams
flees
• In 1636 he founds colony of Rhode Island
- guarantees separation of church and
state, religious freedom—(Pennsylvania,
Maryland, etc)
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The Puritans Clash with Native Americans
King Philips War 1675
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War between Puritans and Indians over religious issues
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Sabbath
Metacom, called King Philip by Puritans, organized local tribes
to oppose rule by the English
Native Americans attacked English in spring of 1675 using hitand-run tactics
War lasted over a year; brutal and destructive
Puritans (guns) wore down Native Americans (spears/bows &
arrows) and won clear victory
Metacom killed during war; Puritans kept his head on display at
Plymouth for 20 years
Loss of Massachusetts Charter
•English King Charles II passed the Navigation
Acts in 1684.
•These forced the colonists to sell only with
England (not France, Spain, etc)
•Massachusetts colonists continued to smuggle
goods out to other countries
•In response, King Charles revoked the colony’s
corporate colony and made it a Royal colony—
colony under direct control of the king
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Salem Witch Trials
• February 1692, several Salem girls accused
West Indian girl of witchcraft
• Witch hysteria resulted from these unsettled
social and religious conditions in Salem
• Many women and men were accused of
witchcraft and executed (19 total), over 150
jailed
• Witchcraft court finally closed after realizing it
was non-sense
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Section 4
Settlement of the
Middle Colonies
The Dutch settle New Netherland; English
Quakers led by William Penn settle Pennsylvania.
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Settlement of the Middle Colonies
The Dutch Found New Netherland (later becomes
New York)
A Diverse Colony
• In 1621, the Dutch West India Company
colonizes New Netherland (New Amsterdam)
• Dutch trade for furs with Native Americans
English Takeover
• In 1664, James, Duke of York becomes
proprietor (owner) of New Amsterdam
- renames colony New York (very diverse
colony)
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The Quakers Settle Pennsylvania
Penn’s “Holy Experiment”
• In 1681, William Penn founds Pennsylvania on
Quaker principles (diverse population, like New
York)
• Quakers ideas: equality, cooperation, religious
toleration, pacifism
• Aspects of Pennsylvania:
- adult males get 50 acres, right to vote
- representative assembly
- freedom of religion
Continued . . .
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The Quakers Settle Pennsylvania
A Thriving Colony
• Penn recruits immigrants; thousands of Germans
go to Pennsylvania
• Quakers become minority; slavery is introduced
Thirteen Colonies
• Lord Baltimore, a Catholic, founds Maryland as a
refuge (safe place) for Catholics; has religious
freedom for all
• James Oglethorpe founds Georgia as
1. haven for debtors
2. as a “buffer” b/t Spanish Florida and North and
South Carolina
• By 1752, there are 13 British colonies in North
America
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The French settle Quebec
• 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded town of
Quebec (France’s first permanent colony in
North America)
• French priests and traders settled Quebec and
spread out from there
• Robert de la Salle claimed the Mississippi
River Valley for French King Louis XIV
– Named it Louisiana
• French territory known as New France
• Catholic priests came to convert Native
Americans to Christianity
• Fur traders exchanged guns/rum for furs from
local Native Americans tribes