Citing Sources using
MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 7th edition
Parenthetical Documentation
(Adapted
from
the
MLA
Handbook
for
Writers
of
Research
Papers,
7th
edition,
214­
232.
Print.
It
is
always
a
good
idea
to
consult
your
teacher
and
or
school
librarian
first
before
turning
in
a
final
product
that
requires
parenthetical
citations
and
a
bibliography.
Your
teacher
and
school
librarian
will
review
the
documentation
with
you
to
make
sure
all
guidelines
and
procedures
are
followed.
The
Bibliography
or
Works
Cited
at
the
end
of
your
final
product
plays
an
important
role
in
your
acknowledgement
of
the
sources,
but
the
list
in
itself
does
not
provide
sufficiently
detailed
and
precise
documentation.
You
must
indicate
to
your
audience
not
only
what
works
you
used
but
also
what
you
derived
from
each
source
and
where
in
the
source
you
found
the
materials.
To
acknowledge
a
source
using
the
parenthetical
documentation
method,
enclose
a
brief
note
in
parentheses.
The
process
of
placing
the
citation
into
your
text
is
called
citing
a
source.
In
determining
the
information
needed
to
document
sources
accurately,
keep
the
following
guidelines
in
mind:
In
Text
Citation
• References
in
the
text
or
final
product
must
clearly
point
to
specific
sources
in
the
bibliography
/
works
cited.
• Identify
the
location
of
the
borrowed
information
as
specifically
as
possible.
The
note,
which
is
called
a
parenthetical
citation,
usually
consists
of
an
author’s
last
name
and
a
page
number:
The
Grapes
of
Wrath
is
a
historical
novel,
“a
summation
of
national
experience
at
a
given
time”
(Levant
93).
• If
no
author
exists,
use
a
brief
or
shortened
version
of
the
title.
• If
no
page
number
or
any
specific
form
of
identification
exists,
cite
only
the
title.
A
parenthetical
citation
contains
just
enough
information
to
help
the
reader
locate
the
source
in
the
Bibliography
/
Works
Cited
(a
list
of
sources
actually
consulted)
at
the
end
of
the
project.
Sample
Parenthetical
Citation
for
a
Photo
is
on
the
next
page
Media
A
parenthetical
citation
is
also
required
for
any
Media
used
in
a
project.
The
media
could
include
a
photo,
chart,
graph,
musical
composition,
video,
mp3
and
any
other
new
media
formats.
It
is
important
that
each
parenthetical
citation
links
to
a
formal
MLA
citation
for
the
source
in
the
bibliography.
Permission
is
always
required
from
the
copyright
owner
before
media
can
be
used
in
a
project
and
although
permission
is
given
for
its
use,
it
is
still
ethically
responsible
to
give
credit
in
the
bibliography.
Citing
Media
Sources
using
MLA
Handbook
for
Writers
of
Research
Papers,
7th
edition
Pictures:
From
Web
Sites
/
photo
collections
like
Google
Images
or
Flickr
“Earth
seen
from
space
during
the
Apollo
8
mission:
Life
Magazine.”
Time
Inc.
Google
Images.
December
1968.
Web.
29
Sept.
2009.
Parenthetical
Citation
Example
(Earth
seen
from
space)
From
a
online
Subscription
Database
like
Gale
or
AP
Photo:
Magana,
Jose
Luis.
“Health
Care
Overhaul.”
AP
Images.
Associated
Press.
29
September
2009.
Online
Database.
12
November
2011.
Parenthetical
Citation
Example
(Magana)