An Introduction
to Matter
14-1
Properties of Matter
The STUFF that makes up
everything in the universe.
Anything that takes up space.
Anything that has mass & volume.
Describe the following matter:
THREE PRINCIPLE STATES OF MATTER:
SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, AND GASES
GAS (WATER VAPOR)
SOLID WATER
LIQUID WATER
CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES:
•Hold true for a given substance no matter the sample
•Never change for a given substance
•Can be used to identify a substance
BOILING POINT
•Temperature at which a liquid boils
•Characteristic property
MELTING POINT
•Temperature at which a solid melts
•Characteristic property
Two substances may share the same boiling point or melting point.
Boiling points and melting points can vary drastically.
Often need to study 2 or 3 characteristic properties to identify a substance.
EXAMPLES:
Water
Chloroform
Propane
All matter, regardless of state,
undergoes physical and chemical
changes. These changes can be
microscopic or macroscopic.
A physical change occurs when the substance changes
state but does not change its chemical composition. For
example: water freezing into ice, cutting a piece of wood
into smaller pieces, etc. The form or appearance has
changed, but the properties of that substance are the same
(i.e. it has the same melting point, boiling point, chemical
composition, etc.)
BOILING WATER
CRUSHING A CAN
FILTERING PULP FROM JUICE
TEARING PAPER
MIXING SUGAR INTO TEA
ALTER THE FORM OF A SUBSTANCE, BUT NOT IT’S IDENTITY
A chemical change occurs when a substance changes into
something new. This occurs due to heating, chemical
reaction, etc. You can tell a chemical change has occurred
if the density, melting point or freezing point of the
original substance changes. Many common signs of a
chemical change can be seen (bubbles forming, mass
changed, etc).
Melting sugar
Burning a piece of paper
Burning fire wood
Cooking an egg
Vinegar reacting with baking soda
Substances combine or decompose to form a new substance with new properties.
Physical change:
CAN get it back
Chemical change:
CAN NOT get it back
MATTER
MIXTURES
Two or more substances mixed
together, but not chemically combined.
Individual substances keep their
separate properties.
Cereal, juice with pulp, sand
SOLUTION
Best mixed of all mixtures.
Cannot see the pieces.
Salt water, sugar water
PURE SUBSTANCES
Made up of only on e type of
matter with definite properties.
Every sample of a pure substance
is the same.
Sugar, salt, grape juice, water
ELEMENTS
Cannot be broken down by
simple chemical means
(over 100 elements)
Na, Cl, H, O
COMPOUNDS
Formed from the
chemical
combination of 2 or
more elements
CO2, H2O