Historic Building
Design and Resource Manual
May 2010
Acknowledgements
This Historic Building Design and Resource Manual was prepared between
October 2009 and May 2010 for the City of Naperville with the help
of citizens, staff and officials who participated in its development
process. Their contributions and involvement are greatly appreciated.
Historic Preservation Commission
Peter Fissinger
Debbie Grinnell, Naperville Heritage Society Liaison
Kris Hartner, Chairman
Larry Larsen
Tim Messer, Plan Commission
Tim Ory
Thomas Ryan, Jr.
Heidi Schoeneck
Jamie Smith
Duane Wilson
Naperville Heritage Society/Naper Settlement
Debbie Grinnell, Director of Preservation Services
Bryan Ogg, Research Associate
All photos are courtesy of the City of Naperville unless otherwise
noted.
The Historic Building Design and Resource Manual was funded in part by a
grant from the National Trust for Historic Preservation that was made
possible by a gift from the Donnelley Family Endowed Fund.
Project Consultants — The Lakota Group and Bailey Edwards
Architecture
City Council
A. George Pradel, Mayor
James E. Boyajian
Judith Brodhead
Robert W. Fieseler
Richard R. Furstenau
Paul Hinterlong
Douglas Krause
Kenn Miller
Grant E. Wehrli
City Staff
Karyn Robles, AICP, Transportation and Planning Team Leader TED Business Group
Ying Liu, AICP, Community Planner - TED Business Group
Suzanne Thorsen, AICP, Community Planner - TED Business Group
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
Table of Contents
A. How To Use This Manual...........................................1
A.1
A.2
A.3
A.4
Purpose..........................................................................2
Background...................................................................2
Document Format.......................................................4
Definitions.....................................................................5
B. Naperville’s History....................................................11
B.1
B.2 B.3
B.4 B.5 Naperville History........................................................12
Historic District............................................................13
Local Landmarks..........................................................15
North Central College.................................................15
Naper Settlement and The Naperville Heritage
Society ...........................................................................16
Overview....................................................................... 20
Greek Revival............................................................... 21
Italianate........................................................................22
Queen Anne................................................................. 23
Colonial Revival........................................................... 25
Vernacular..................................................................... 26
Prairie.............................................................................27
American Foursquare..................................................28
Craftsman/Bungalow.................................................. 29
Mid-Century Modern..................................................30
C. Residential Architectural Styles...................19
C.1
C.2
C.3
C.4
C.5
C.6
C.7 C.8 C.9 C.10 D. Building Maintenance and
Rehabilitation .............................................................31
D.1
D.2 D.3
D.4
D.5
Foundation and Walls................................................. 32
Windows and Storm Windows................................. 38
Doors and Storm Doors............................................ 42
Awnings........................................................................ 44
Roofs, Dormers and Skylights.................................. 45
D.6
D.7
D.8
Porches......................................................................... 52
Existing Garages...........................................................56
Energy Efficient Improvements.............................. 57
E. New Construction.....................................................59
E.1 E.2
E.3
E.4
E.5 Decks............................................................................. 60
Handicapped Access Ramps...................................... 61
Residential Additions (New Rooms)........................ 62
New Residential Buildings..........................................64
New Garages.................................................................67
F. Fences, Landscape and Setting...........................69
F.1
F.1
F.2
F.3
Overview .......................................................................70
Fences.............................................................................70
Landscape Features...................................................... 73
Sidewalks and Paths.....................................................74
G. Institutional Buildings........................................75
G.1
G.2
G.3
G.4 Architectural Styles.......................................................76
Maintenance and Rehabilitation.................................80
Additions and New Institutional Buildings..............80
Handicapped Access Ramps.......................................81
H. Appendices.......................................................................83
H.1 H.2 H.3
H.4
H.5
Acknowledgements and Table of Contents
Secretary of the Interior’s Standards
for Rehabilitation..........................................................84
State and Federal Financial Incentives......................85
References for Further Information.........................86
Finding a Contractor....................................................90
Index................................................................................91
Photo List
Chapter A
A.1 - Queen Anne style residence - 21 S. Sleight Street
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Chapter B
B.1 - Italianate style residence - 114 S. Loomis Street
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B.2 - Joseph Naper
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B.3 - Historic image of Piety Hill around 1890
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B.4 - Historic print image of Naperville and the surrounding countryside
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B.5 - Paw Paw Post Office at Naper Settlement
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B.6 - Italianate style residence - 409 E. Chicago Avenue
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B.7 - Historic District’s only example of Art Moderne style 119 S. Brainard Street 14
B.8 - Craftsman/Bungalow style residence - 105 S. Columbia Street
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B.9 - Stick style residence - 125 S. Brainard Street
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B.10 - American Foursquare style residence - 136 N. Columbia Street
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B.11 - Dutch Colonial style residence - 119 N. Brainard Street
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B.12 - Mid-Century Modern apartment block - 152 Center Street
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B.13 - The Truitt House - 48 E. Jefferson Avenue
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B.14 - Thomas Clow House - 11236 S. Book Road
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B.15 - Historic print image of Old Main building at North Central College
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B.16 - Historic print image of North Central College 16
B.17 - Martin Michell Mansion at Naper Settlement 17
B.18 - Six property owners received plaques from Naperville Heritage Society 17 Chapter C
C.1 - Queen Anne style residence - 110 S. Sleight Street
C.2 - Queen Anne style residence with Greek Revival elements
C.3 - Columbia Street block, north of Franklin Avenue
C.4 - American Foursquare style residence - Dr. E. Grant Simpson House 40 E. Jefferson Avenue C.5 - Greek Revival style residence - 209 E. Jefferson Avenue
C.6 - Italianate style residence - 30 S. Brainard Street
C.7 - Stick Style residence - 5 N. Columbia Street C.8 - Queen Anne style residence - 15 S. Loomis Street C.9 - Queen Anne style residence - 28 S. Loomis Street C.10 - Queen Anne style residence - 15 S. Brainard Street C.11 - Queen Anne style cottage - 22 N. Sleight Street C.12 - Queen Anne style residence - 29 S. Sleight Street C.13 - Dutch Colonial Revival style residence - 132 S. Wright Street
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C.14 - Colonial Revival style residence - 18 S. Columbia Street
C.15 - I-Form vernacular style residence - 154 Center Street
C.16 - L-Form vernacular style residence - 214 N. Ellsworth Street
C.17 - Prairie style residence - 144 S. Sleight Street
C.18 - Prairie style residence - 48 E. Jefferson Avenue
C.19 - American Foursquare style residence - 9 S. Columbia Street
C.20 - Craftsman/Bungalow style residence - 27 South Columbia Street
C.21 - Craftsman style residence - 105 S. Columbia Street
C.22 - A Tosi designed home in central Naperville
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Chapter D
D.1 - Gable Ell style residence - 32 S. Sleight Street
D.2 - Foursquare style brick residence - 219 N. Brainard Street
D.3 - Colonial Revival brick residence - 18 S. Columbia Street
D.4 - Limestone foundation wall
D.5 - Stamped concrete- rock face finish foundation wall example
D.6 - Stucco house with brick chimney - 141 N. Brainard Street D.7 - Stucco house with brick chimney - 125 S. Columbia Street D.8 - Step flashing where chimney meets roof D.9 - Decorative wood siding example - 151 N. Ellsworth Street
D.10 - Wood siding example - 151 N. Ellsworth Street
D.11 - Prairie style residence with wood siding - 423 E. Chicago Avenue D.12 - 1920’s residence with original wood storms, Oak Park, IL
D.13 - Residence with original wood windows, Oak Park, IL
D.14 - Prairie or Craftman stained glass example D.15 - Prairie style residence with decorative glass - 144 S. Sleight Street
D.16 - Shingle style residence with decorative glass - 119 N. Brainard Street
D.17 - Queen Anne style residence with shutters - 15 S. Sleight Street
D.18 - Greek Revival style residence with shutters - 209 E. Jefferson Avenue D.19 - Residence with operable fabric awning - 16 N. Columbia Street D.20 - Discouraged - fixed metal awning
D.21 - Eyebrow window example
D.22 - Gabled dormer example
D.23 - Skylight facing side yard - 106 S. Columbia Street
D.24 - Typical gutter styles in the Historic District
D.25 - Discouraged - PVC gutter and downspout
D.26 - Encouraged - downspout extensions - 125 N. Ellsworth Street
D.27 - Wrought iron roof railings - 7 N. Wright Street D.28 - Wood roof railings - 28 S. Loomis Street
D.29 - Correct satellite dish placement
D.30 - Italianate style residence with stoop
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Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
D.31 - Queen Anne style residence with wrap-around porch D.32 - American Foursquare style residence with Colonial Revival
columned porch
D.33 - American Foursquare style residence wtih typical porch
D.34 - Porch components - 5 N. Sleight Street
D.35 - Beadboard ceiling example
D.36 - Brick steps and porch wall example - 26 N. Columbia Street
D.37 - Wood steps, railings, and skirting example - 142 N. Ellsworth Street
D.38 - Original carriage house - 219 N. Brainard Street
D.39 - Wood clad garage - 104 S. Ellsworth Street
D.40 - Craftsman style brick garage - 105 S. Columbia Street
D.41 - Original wood panel garage doors - 423 E. Chicago Avenue
D.42 - Installation of sprayed cellulose insulation D.43 - Installation of insulation over sprayed cellulose insulation
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Chapter E
E.1 - Example of infill construction - Ridgeland-Oak Park Historic District
E.2 - Acceptable - wood railing
E.3 - Encouraged - Compatible wood ramp with standard lumber
E.4 - Acceptable - Wood baluster style ramp with customized lumber
E.5 - Queen Anne style residence with new garage - 5 N. Columbia Street
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Chapter F
F.1 - Queen Anne style residence - 427 E. Chicago Avenue F.2 - Ornamental metal fence example
F.3 - Wood picket fence example
F.4 - Mature trees and plantings - Columbia Street block north of Franklin F.5 - Encouraged - Retaining walls with natural stone
F.6 - Acceptable - Retaining walls three courses high with artifical stone
F.7 - Encouraged - Special paver materials replicating brick
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Chapter G
G.1 - Second Empire style building - Old Main at 30 N. Brainard Street
G.2 - Second Empire style building - Old Main at 30 N. Brainard Street
G.3 - Georgian Revival style building - Carnegie Hall at 10 N. Brainard Street
G.4 - Neoclassical Revival style building - Pfeiffer Hall at
310 E. Benton Avenue
G.5 - Collegiate Gothic Revival style building - Kiekhofer Hall at
329 School Street
G.6 - Gothic Revival style building - Meiley-Swallow Hall at
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31 S. Ellsworth Street
G.7 - International style building - 325 E. Benton Avenue
G.8 - Contemporary style building - 25 N. Brainard Street
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Chapter H
H.1 - Queen Anne style residence - 431 E. Franklin Avenue
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Map List
Chapter A
Map 1 - City of Naperville Historic District and Federal Historic District 3
Illustration List
Chapter A
A.1 - Window Components
A.2 - Window Types
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9
Chapter C
C.1 - Greek Revival door with arched transom
21
C.2 - Example of a Greek Revival style residence
21
C.3 - Italianate door with trim surround
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C.4 - Example of an Italianate style residence - 135 N. Brainard Street
22
C.5 - Example of a Queen Anne style residence - 29 S. Sleight Street
23
C.6 - Common decorative shingle patterns found on Quenn Anne style homes
in Naperville Historic District 24
C.7 - Example of a Colonial Revival style residence
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C.8 - Example of a Vernacular style residence 26
C.9 - Vernacular sub-styles 26
C.10 - Example of a Prairie style residence
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C.11 - Sears Foursquare floor plan example
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C.12 - Example of an American Foursquare style residence
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C.13 - Example of a Craftsman/Bungalow style residence
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C.14 - Mid-Century Modern design by Don Tosi
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C.15 - Example of a Mid-Century Modern Split Level residence
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Chapter D
D.1 - Brick - running pattern
D.2 - Common brick mortar joint profiles
D.3 - Limestone running bond pattern
Acknowledgements and Table of Contents
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D.4 - Stamped concrete - rock face
D.5 - Beaded mortar joint profile
D.6 - Flashing “cricket” used to divert water away from the chimney
D.7 - Common wood siding forms
D.8 - Decorative wood shingle patterns
D.9 - Window Types
D.10 - Pane Divisions
D.11 - Prairie/Craftsman/Bungalow upper sash muntin patterns
D.12 - Encouraged - shutter widths
D.13 - Discouraged - shutter widths
D.14 - Acceptable - entry door examples
D.15 - Discouraged - entry door examples
D.16 - Encouraged - storm door examples
D.17 - Discouraged - storm door examples
D.18 - Roof types
D.19 - Roof slopes
D.20 - Roof soffit and fascia on gable roof D.21 - Shed dormer example
D.22 - Hipped dormer example
D.23 - Acceptable - skylight location
D.24 - Gutter profiles
D.25 - Downspout profiles
D.26 - Correct satellite dish placement
D.27 - Craftsman open style stoop
D.28 - Greek Revival stoop
D.29 - Craftsman enclosed porch example
D.30 - Porch Column Styles
D.31 - Historic District Skirting Styles
D.32 - Historic District Railing Styles
D.33 - Porch Components
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Chapter E
E.1 - Encouraged - Location for new deck
E.2 - New addition style E.3 - New addition massing and scale E.4 - New addition placement
E.5 - New building roof shapes
E.6 - Roof slope/pitch
E.7 - New building scale E.8 - New building placement E.9 - Foundation height
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Chapter F
F.1 - Acceptable - open fence types facing a street F.2 - Unacceptable - fence types facing a street
F.3 - Acceptable - fence placement and types F.4 - Acceptable - open fence in the front yard
Chapter G
G.1 - Second Empire style building - Old Main at 30 N. Brainard Street
G.2 - Georgian Revival style building - Carnegie Hall at 10 N. Brainard Street
G.3 - Gothic Revival style building - Kiekhofer Hall at 329 School Street
G.4 - Contemporary style building with Gothic Revival Element 25 N. Brainard Street
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Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
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A. How to Use This
How To Use This Manual
Manual
A.1 Purpose
A.2 BACKGROUND
A.3 DOCUMENT FORMAT
A.4 Definitions
B. Naperville’s History
c. Residential
architectural styles
D. building
maintenance and
rehabilitation
e. new construction
F. fences, landscape and
setting
g. institutional
buildings
H.appendices
Photo A.1- Queen Anne style residence - 21 S. Sleight Street
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A
A.1 Purpose
The City of Naperville’s rich architectural and historical heritage is
represented primarily in the historic buildings and neighborhoods
located around downtown. These assets contribute to the community’s
character, quality of life and economic vibrancy and also serve
as tangible links to the city’s past. Maintaining the appearance and
integrity of these historic buildings and neighborhoods is an important
goal for the City of Naperville.
While the manual focuses on key architectural styles found in the
Historic District, these styles are also prevalent in other older residential
neighborhoods surrounding downtown. Therefore, the manual may be
used as a reference source for the rehabilitation of traditional buildings
beyond the Historic District boundaries as well.
The purpose of this Historic Building Design and Resource Manual is to
provide comprehensive information regarding Naperville’s local
history and architecture as well as specific guidelines for appropriate
maintenance, rehabilitation, and new improvements that preserve
and enhance the character and appearance of Naperville’s important
historic buildings and neighborhoods. The manual serves a variety of
users in the following ways:
The City of Naperville initiated its historic preservation program in
1984 with the adoption of the Historic Preservation Ordinance (i.e.,
Title 6 (Zoning Regulations), Chapter 11 (Historic Preservation), of
the Naperville Municipal Code) and creation of the Historic Sites
Commission. In 1986, the City Council designated the first local
historic district (hereafter referred to as the “Historic District”), which
incorporates part of the North Central College main campus and 279
residential structures built primarily between 1870 and 1950 (see Map
1, page 3, for the Historic District Map). Subsequently, in the early
1990s, the City Council designated two buildings – the Truitt House
at 48 East Jefferson Avenue and the Thomas Clow House at 11236
Book Road – as individual Landmarks. Properties located within the
Historic District and buildings designated as Landmarks are subject to
regulations provided in the Historic Preservation Ordinance.
• The manual provides practical guidance for property owners and
tenants on how to do everyday exterior maintenance of historic
buildings. Proper maintenance helps to preserve and extend the
life of original materials, providing a more sustainable and costeffective option than replacement with new materials.
• The manual also assists architects, contractors and others
involved in improving historic properties to plan and implement
rehabilitations and new construction projects (i.e., room additions
and new buildings) that are appropriate to the styles and periods of
the original buildings as well as compatible with the architectural
and aesthetic character of the neighborhood.
• Additionally the manual provides education and resources to the
Historic Preservation Commission and assists them in making
well-informed decisions that are essential to protecting and
maintaining the overall character of the Historic District as well as
the architectural integrity of the district’s individual buildings and
other locally designated Landmark structures.
2
A.2 Background
Naperville’s historic preservation program continuously evolved in
the face of new challenges and opportunities. In 2008, the City of
Naperville, along with representatives from the Naperville Heritage
Society, East Central Homeowners Organization (ECHO), and North
Central College initiated a public process to review, assess and strengthen
the city’s historic preservation program. After extensive public debate,
a joint recommendation was approved by the City Council in May
2009, which proposed comprehensive revisions to the city’s Historic
Preservation Ordinance, commission membership, mission and
scope. One of the main goals set forth in the joint recommendation
is the development of customized building design guidelines that are
specific to Naperville’s local architecture and community needs. These
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
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Map 1- City of Naperville Historic District and Federal Historic District
Chapter A | How To Use This Manual
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A
guidelines will serve as an educational tool for residents and property
owners in undertaking appropriate and sensitive rehabilitation and new
construction projects in the historic areas of the city. Creation of this
manual is a key step in implementing the joint recommendation and
strengthening the city’s preservation efforts.
Internet Resource:
• For more information about the Naperville Historic District and
Landmarks, visit the City of Naperville web page at www.naperville.
il.us/historicdistrict.aspx.
• National Register Historic District (Federal) - The Historic District is
located within a larger National Register District that was designated
in 1977. Map 1 on Page 3 shows the boundaries of the National
Register Historic District. The National Register of Historic Places is
maintained by the National Park Service as an honorary list of historic
properties. While the National Register does not place obligations or
restrictions on properties, building owners may be eligible to apply
for certain federal and state tax incentives and grants when available.
Historic Preservation Commission
The Historic Preservation Commission, formerly known as the
Historic Sites Commission, was established in 2009 based on a revised
membership composition, mission and scope outlined in the joint
recommendation. The commission is comprised of four (4) at-large
residents, four (4) property owners or residents within the Historic
District, and a Plan Commission representative. In addition, a liaison
from the Naperville Heritage Society also serves on the commission as
a non-voting member.
The Historic Preservation Commission operates under the provisions
of the Historic Preservation Ordinance. A primary function of
the commission is to review Certificate of Appropriateness (COA)
applications for compliance with the standards provided in the
ordinance. A COA is required for most alteration, construction or
demolition work performed on the primary façade of a historic building
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that is designated as a landmark or located within a locally designated
historic district. In addition, the commission manages architectural
surveys to identify and evaluate important historic buildings and areas
within the city. They also oversee many outreach and educational
efforts to promote preservation of buildings and areas that are part of
Naperville’s significant architectural and historical heritage.
Internet Resource:
More information about the Historic Preservation Commission and
the Certificate of Appropriateness (COA) procedures and application
requirements can be found on the City of Naperville’s Historic
Preservation web page at www.naperville.il.us/preservation.aspx.
A.3 Document Format
In addition to this Chapter, the Historic Building Design and Resource
Manual contains seven other chapters, which can be divided into three
sections: Naperville’s history and architecture (Chapters B and C),
design guidelines (Chapters D-G), and appendices (Chapter H).
The “Naperville’s History” (Chapter B) and “Residential Architectural
Styles” (Chapter C) sections give an overview of Naperville’s history
and architectural resources. Specifically, Chapter C includes an
illustrated pattern book of residential architectural styles found in the
Historic District. The design guidelines are organized in chapters by
improvement type including “Building Rehabilitation and Maintenance”
(Chapter D), “New Construction” (Chapter E), “Fences and Landscape
” (Chapter F), and “Institutional Buildings” (Chapter G). These
chapters provide guidelines for completing everyday maintenance as
well as planning and designing exterior rehabilitations, renovations and
new improvements. The guidelines are presented in three categories
of practice: “Encouraged”, “Acceptable” and “Discouraged”.
• “Encouraged” practices are considered to be the most appropriate
approach to rehabilitating historic buildings. This approach
emphasizes preservation of architectural styles, details and building
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
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materials and minimal changes to character-defining architectural
features whenever feasible. “Encouraged” actions are based on the
U.S. Secretary of the Interior Standards for Rehabilitation (see Appendix
H.1) and specific criteria required for obtaining a State of Illinois
Tax Assessment Freeze (see Appendix H.2).
Last, “Appendices” (Chapter H) provides additional resources, such as
a list of technical and educational materials, preservation organizations
and incentive programs that can further assist owners of historic
buildings in planning and implementing rehabilitation or improvement
projects.
• “Acceptable” practices offer an alternate approach to rehabilitating
historic buildings, which allows for replacement of original building
materials with substitute materials that match or approximate the
original in appearance and texture. While removal of important
character-defining features is not considered a preservation best
practice, this approach emphasizes retaining the appearance and
architectural styles of historic buildings and the overall character
of the neighborhood.
Additionally, “Resource” boxes have been added throughout the
manual to complement the guidelines. The boxes provide references
to print and web-based resources that homeowners can access for
additional technical and design guidance for their building projects.
• “Discouraged” practices are building treatments that may significantly
alter the appearance and integrity of a historic building or disrupt
the character of the neighborhood. These practices should be
avoided.
In Naperville’s Historic District, both “Encouraged” and “Acceptable”
actions are considered appropriate to the level of preservation
intended. For projects in the Historic District that require HPC review,
“Encouraged” and “Acceptable” practices qualify for an approved
COA while “Discouraged” practices would not likely be approved.
For information on what type of work in the Historic District requires
a COA, visit the Historic Preservation web page at www.naperville.il.us/
presevation .aspx.
It should be noted that the guidelines provided in this manual are
based on commonly accepted historic preservation principles as
well as the general intent of the joint recommendation. There are
a variety of buildings within the Historic District and its adjacent
neighborhoods, and the application of this manual can vary according
to the characteristics of different blocks and neighborhoods as well as
the buildings and sites themselves.
Chapter A | How To Use This Manual
A.4 Definitions
Unless otherwise specified within this Manual, the preservation
terminology used is defined in Title 6, Chapter 11 (Historic Preservation) , of
the Municipal Code. Architectural terminology used in this manual
is defined below. Definition sources include publications from the
National Park Service, especially Preservation Briefs and the Secretary of
the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties (See Appendix
H.1 and H.3 for further information).
Bargeboard (vergeboard) - A board, often ornately
carved or pierced, fixed to the projecting edge of
a gable roof.
Balustrade - A railing with supporting balusters that is located around
an entrance porch or a roof.
Bay - Part of a building marked off by vertical elements, such as
columns, which may extend outward from the plane of a façade.
Belt Course - A projecting course or layer of
stones, tile, brick, or shingles running horizontally
along the face of a building.
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Bracket - A wooden or stone decorative
support beneath a projecting floor, window, or
cornice.
Column - A supporting pillar consisting of a
base, a shaft, and a capital. Most commonly, the
shaft is cylindrical, but some columns display a
square, rather than circular cross-section.
• Column, capital - The head or crowning feature of a column.
Common column capitals within the Historic District include the
Greek Doric form.
• Column, base – The lowest part of a column which may include a
square base with special mouldings to support the column
• Column, post – A square column with simplified base and capital
with grooved, beveled or chamfered edges.
Cornice - Any crowning projection found at
the roof line of a commercial or residential
building.
Decorative Glass - Special glazing found in windows that may feature
stained, opalescent, painted or opaque glass.
Dormer - A window projection in a sloping
roof, usually that of a bedroom window. There
are several types of dormers found in Naperville
including hipped, shed, gable and pedimented.
Eastlake Style - A decorative style of
ornamentation found on houses of
various Victorian styles, frequently
found on porches.
Facade - Any one of the external faces or elevations
of a building.
Finial - An ornament on top of a peak of an arch,
ridge, turret or gable.
Foundation - Lowest support of a structure that
transfers loads to the earth.
Frieze - A section of banding usually below a
cornice or upper molding in which ornamentation
is often placed.
Gable - Part of the upper section of a wall
between the edges of a sloping roof.
Gable Roof – A double sloping roof with a ridge
and gables at each end.
• Gable Roof, Clipped - A roof type in which the gable ends are cut
back at the peaks and a small roof section is added to create an
abbreviated hipped form
• Gable Roof, Cross - A secondary gable that meets the primary gable
roof at right angles and is usually located on a secondary façade.
• Gable Roof, Dutch - A gable each side of which is multi-carved and
surmounted by a pediment at the top.
• Gable Roof, Pedimented – A gable that has a triangular end of a roof
above a full or broken cornice.
High Style – High style buildings typically exhibit the majority of
stylistic and architectural features of a particular architectural style.
Hood - Drip or molding over a door or window.
Eave - Part of a sloping roof that overhangs
or extends from the wall.
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Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
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Knee Brace – (see “bracket”) An oversize bracket
supporting a roof or porch eave. Knee braces are
common in many Craftsman homes found in the
Historic District.
Porch - A covered platform, usually having a separate roof, at an
entrance to a building.
Landscape Features - General term to describe front, side and back
yards; vegetation; views; drives and walkways that may surround a
home.
Lattice - An open grill of wood strips typically
used as screening between a porch floor and
the ground.
Masonry – For the purpose of this manual, masonry describes all
stone, brick and concrete units, whether used for decorative or
structural purposes.
Massing - The overall bulk, size, physical volume, or magnitude of a
structure.
Porte-Cochere - A French word for porch large
enough for a carriage to pass through.
Portico - A covered entrance porch supported on
at least one side by columns.
Quoins - Masonry units of rectangular shape that are
either of different size or texture, or are conspicuously
jointed for emphasis, which are located along the corners
of building facades.
Rafter - One of a series of small, parallel beams
for supporting the sheathing and covering of a
pitched roof. For some Naperville homes, rafters
supporting roofs or porches may be exposed.
Mortar - A building material that is composed of sand, cement, lime
and water and used to bind masonry units together.
Rehabilitation - An approach for treating historic buildings and
resources that emphasizes the repair and retention of significant
exterior features while allowing for replacement of building materials
and features if determined necessary.
Parging - Plaster or a similar mixture used to coat walls or chimneys.
Parging is generally not recommended as a maintenance treatment for
brick or stone masonry.
Renovation - The process of repairing and remodeling a home.
Patina - The appearance of a material’s surface that has aged and
weathered. It often refers to the green film that forms on copper and
bronze.
Reconstruction - A recreation of a historic building or resource using
new building materials in its pre-existing or new location.
Pediment - A triangular gable usually found
above an entrance portico or in a porch directly
above a building’s main entrance.
Chapter A | How To Use This Manual
Restoration - An approach for treating historic buildings that
emphasizes the retention and repair of significant architectural features
to a particular time period in the building’s history while removing
other materials from different time periods.
7
A
Ridge - The top horizontal member of a roof where the sloping
surfaces meet.
split from the surface, which is usually caused by water infiltration,
weathering or improper tuckpointing and parging.
Rusticated - Roughened stonework or concrete blocks typically at the
foundation level to give greater articulation to each block.
Spindle - Slender, elaborately turned wood dowels or rods used as
decorative porch trim.
Scale – A proportioning of a building’s major components and
materials to one another and to neighboring buildings.
Stucco - A cement-based mixture of sand and limestone used as
a siding material. Stucco is typically used in Prairie and American
Foursquare style homes.
Shingles - Used as siding and roof materials, shingles are units of
wood, asphalt material, slate, tile, concrete, asbestos cement, or other
material cut to stock lengths, widths, and thickness and applied in an
overlapping fashion.
Tuckpoint – Commonly referred to as “repoint”. Maintenance
and repair process in which old mortar is removed from courses of
masonry and replaced with new mortar.
Shutters – Exterior window coverings usually made of louvered wood
and in the form of two hinged panels located on each side of a window.
Turret - A small tower, usually round, that may extend
from an upper story of a home.
Sidelights - A framed area of fixed glass alongside
a door or window.
Transom - A window or pane above a door, whether
rectangular or arched.
Siding – The exterior material used to cover the
walls of wood framed buildings.
Veranda - A covered or roofed porch on the building
exterior, sometimes located on a second story.
Siding, Synthetic - Any siding made of vinyl, aluminum, or fiber
cement to resemble a variety of authentic wood siding types.
Vernacular - A term often used to describe buildings that are generally
not designed by an architect or that exhibit basic characteristics of a
particular style.
Sleeping Porch - A porch or room having open sides or many
windows arranged to permit sleeping in the open air.
Water Table - A horizontal projecting molding or ledge placed near
the base of a home to divert rainwater.
Soffit - The undersides of a home’s overhead
parts such as eaves, balconies, and cornices.
Spalling - A condition where masonry pieces
8
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
A
Window Components (refer to Illustration A.1)
• Glazing – The glass component between muntins, also referred to
as lights or panes.
• Head or Lintel –The upper horizontal cross member or decorative
element of a window frame.
• Mullion – A vertical member separating or supporting windows,
doors, or panels set in a series.
• Muntin – A glazing bar that separates panes of glass.
• Rail – A bar extending horizontally between supports.
• Sash – The movable part of a window holding the glass
• Sill – The horizontal bottom member of a window frame.
Window Types (refer to Illustration A.2)
• Bay Window – A window area that extends outward from the
exterior wall, forming a projection on the exterior of the home.
• Double-Hung - A window having two vertically sliding sashes each
designed to close a different half of the window.
• Casement - A window frame hinged on one side so that it swings
out or in to open.
• Circular - A round window.
• Ellipitical - An oval window.
• Fanlight - A window above a door, usually semicircular or semielliptical, with glazing bars radiating out like a fan.
• Palladian — A neoclassical style window that is divided into three
lights with the middle light larger than the other two and usually
arched. This window is typically found in Queen Anne and Colonial
Revival styles.
Illustration A.1 - Window Components
Illustration A.2 - Window Types
Chapter A | How To Use This Manual
9
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B
Naperville’s History
A. How to use this
Manual
B. Naperville’s History
B.1 Naperville
history
B.2 Historic District
B.3 Local Landmarks
B.4 North Central
College
B.5.
Naper Settlement
and the
Naperville
Heritage Society
C. Residential
Architectural styles
D. Building Maintenance and
Rehabilitation
E. New Construction
f. Fences, Landscape
and Setting
g. Institutional
Buildings
h. Appendices
Photo B.1 - Italianate style residence - 114 S. Loomis Street
11
B
B.1 Naperville History
Photo B.2 - Joseph Naper
Photo B.3 - Historic image of Piety Hill around 1890
Naperville is a thriving, suburban community located 30 miles west
of Chicago. The landscape of modern steel and glass complexes
built for commerce and technology-based industries, meandering
neighborhoods, and a vibrant downtown shopping district are in stark
contrast to the broad expanse of level prairie and thick forests that
greeted Joseph Naper and thirteen families upon their arrival in 1831.
Escaping the land-locked counties of the east coast, these families
came to Illinois to build a community for themselves and their children.
The story of Naperville’s growth from the original 80 acres surveyed,
platted, and registered by Joseph Naper with the State of Illinois in
1842 to a collection of neighborhoods with a population of more than
140,000 is noteworthy.
Naperville remained a small rural-based town from 1831-1864. Most
homes were constructed of wood and utilized simple, vernacular
styles of construction. With the coming of the railroad in 1864 and
consequently the relocation of North-Western (now North Central)
College to the city in 1870 Naperville grew and matured as a town.
New construction in high Victorian styles such as Stick, Queen Anne,
and Italianate became the standard, particularly on the east side of
town. Between 1870 and 1900 several pioneer industries grew and
prospered employing a large number of Napervillians. Stone quarries
and brick and tile works helped re-build Chicago, and local breweries
and furniture manufacturers delivered their products to local, regional
and national consumers.
Photo B.4 - Historic print image of Naperville and the surrounding countryside
12
The only industry to survive both World Wars and become the town’s
number one employer was the Kroehler Manufacturing Company,
which produced furniture. GI’s returning home created a housing
shortage that local lumbermen, contractors, and builders quickly
addressed. The first homes constructed were pre-fabricated or kit
homes built on in-fill lots between older homes. During the building
boom of the 1960s, 70s, and 80s influential builders and subdividers like
Harold Moser and the Shiffler brothers carved out modern, efficiently
planned communities with schools, parks, and retail amenities.
Neighborhoods such as the Highlands, Maplebrook, and Green Acres
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
B
showcased modern new home styles such as the split-level and ranch,
as well as unique, custom-designed homes such as some designed by
noted local architect, Dan Tosi. Naperville continues to grow into
the 21st century while retaining its pioneer spirit and family-centered
values. Its neighborhoods reflect care and concern for the future and
continue to attract people from all over the world.
B.2 Historic District
The Naperville City Council designated the Historic District in 1986.
Located just east of Naperville’s downtown, the Historic District
encompasses primarily a residential area and the historic core of
the North Central College main campus. There are 322 properties
containing 310 principal structures found within the Historic District.
Of the 310 principal structures, 279 (90 percent) were built as singlefamily homes generally between 1870 and 1950, while several homes
have since been converted into multi-family dwellings or offices. The
remaining buildings consist of primarily institutional structures that
include 12 educational buildings located within the North Central
College campus. (See Map 1, page 3, for the Historic District Map).
Photo B.5 - Paw Paw Post Office at Naper Settlement
In 2008, the City of Naperville conducted a comprehensive
Architectural and Historical Survey to identify, document, and evaluate
the structures located within the Historic District for their architectural
significance. Based on the survey, 289 (93 percent) of the 310 principal
structures are considered either contributing or significant to the
Historic District. There are also 258 secondary structures (16 were
significant or potentially significant), most of which are garages.
The Historic District contains a wide range of buildings designed in
19th- and early-20th-century high styles. There are many excellent
examples of residential homes in the district designed in high styles
such as Greek Revival, Italianate, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival and
Craftsman. Of the 310 buildings in the Historic District, 148 (46
percent) can be classified as high-style buildings. In addition, nonstylistic vernacular homes from the 19th-and 20th- centuries are
also popular in the district. Over 45 percent of the Historic District
Chapter B | Naperville’S History
Photo B.6 - Italianate style residence - 409 E. Chicago Avenue
13
B
buildings can be classified as vernacular houses that were constructed
based on simple, practical designs, locally available materials or widely
published house plans. Although many of these homes are not
individually distinct, they possess the characteristic design and details
of their period and are an important asset to the overall character and
integrity of the Historic District. For further information regarding
architectural styles found in the Historic District, see Chapters C,
Residential Architectural Styles, and G, Institutional Buildings.
Photo B.7 - The Historic District’s only example
of Art Moderne style - 119 S. Brainard Street
Photo B.8 - Craftsman/Bungalow style
residence with steeply pitched gables, casement
windows and knee brace brackets under the
roof eaves - 105 S. Columbia Street
Definition:
• “High style” buildings are those that exhibit a majority of the
features and elements associated with a particular architectural
style. In some cases, a professional architect may have designed
them.
• “Vernacular” buildings usually exhibit less distinctive architectural
features of a particular style and were often constructed by builders
using local materials and construction techniques.
Photo B.9 - Stick style residence - 125 S.
Brainard Street
Photo B.10 - American Foursquare style residence - 136 N. Columbia Street
Photo B.11 - Dutch Colonial style residence 119 N. Brainard Street
Photo B.12 - Mid-Century Modern
apartment block - 152 Center Street
14
Internet Resource:
For more information on the Architectural and Historical Survey,
please visit the City of Naperville’s Historic District and Landmarks
web page at http://www.naperville.il.us/historicdistrict.aspx.
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
B
B3. Local Landmarks
In addition to the Historic District, the city has designated two
individual buildings as local landmarks.
• The Truitt House, 48 E. Jefferson Avenue. - Built in 1917 by Dr.
Truitt, the Truitt House is an example of the Prairie School of
architecture. Harry Franklin Robinson who worked as a draftsman
under Frank Lloyd Wright and Walter Burley Griffin designed the
house. Dr. Truitt was one of the city’s most prominent physicians.
The house was originally designed as a combination residence/
physician’s office with an attached garage. The home was then
redesigned by Robinson several years later to accommodate the
growth of the Truitt family. The home was purchased by Jeffery
and Barbara Knuckles in 1985, and was converted into offices.
North Central College acquired the house in 2006 and continues
to use it as offices. The Truitt House was officially designated a
landmark on June 20, 1990.
• Thomas Clow House, 11236 South Book Road - Built in 1868 by the
Clow Family, the Thomas Clow House is an example of settlementera stone buildings. The two-story Greek Revival farmhouse
constructed of limestone mined from local quarries in Wheatland
Township is now part of the Riverview Farmstead, owned and
maintained by the Forest Preserve District of Will County. The
Thomas Clow House was officially designated a landmark on
November 5, 1991.
Photo B.13 - The Truitt House - 48 E. Jefferson Avenue
B.4 North Central College
North Central College is the largest landowner in the Historic District.
The college is a private, four-year comprehensive liberal arts college
affiliated with the United Methodist Church. It was founded in
1861 as Plainfield College in Plainfield, Illinois, by the Evangelical
Association. By the late 1860s, the college realized that Plainfield,
which had no railroad access, was an unsuitable location for a college
meant to serve Evangelicals from across Illinois and Wisconsin. The
Chapter B | Naperville’S History
Photo B.14 - Thomas Clow House - 11236 S. Book Road
15
B
citizens of Naperville successfully attracted the college to the city by
donating $25,000 and eight (8) acres of land between Brainard and
Loomis Streets north of Benton Avenue towards the construction of
a new college building. The building was dedicated as the college’s first
educational facility in Naperville in 1870. In 1891, a substantial wing
was added to the original building, known as Old Main.
Photo B.15 - Historic print image of Old Main Building at North Central College
The college continued to expand in the 20th century. The historic core
of the campus, located within the Historic District between Brainard
and Loomis Streets, contains the college’s primary academic facilities.
Many of these facilities are excellent examples of architectural styles
that are not represented in the surrounding residential area. Old Main
is an impressive large Second Empire stone structure designed by
architect John Mills Van Osdel. Built in 1908, the Classical Revival
Carnegie Library building is one of only a handful of remaining
Carnegie Libraries in the country that were constructed on college
campuses. Kiekhofer Hall, completed in 1913, is an example of the
Collegiate Gothic Revival style. Another Classical Georgian Revival
building known as Barbara Pfeiffer Memorial Hall was completed in
1926, the same year that the college officially changed its name from
North-Western College to North Central College.
North Central College has been an active steward of its historic
buildings and continues to invest in the maintenance and rehabilitation
of its existing facilities to meet changing needs. Historically, the
relocation of the college to Naperville stimulated residential growth in
the area surrounding the campus. Today, the college and surrounding
residents continue to work in partnership to maintain a vibrant and
attractive historic neighborhood that is found nowhere else in the city.
B.5 Naper Settlement And The
Naperville Heritage Society
Photo B.16 - Historic print image of North Central College
16
Naper Settlement is the community’s outdoor history museum. It is
located one block south of the Riverwalk and is bordered by Aurora
Avenue, Webster Street and Porter Avenue. Composed of 30 historic
buildings and structures on 12 acres, most buildings were relocated to
or reconstructed on the former George Martin II estate surrounding
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
B
the family’s Victorian mansion. The residential homes, public buildings
and working shops represent a variety of architectural styles and help
to engage visitors in the stories of those who lived and worked in
Naperville.
Administered by the Naperville Heritage Society in partnership with
the City of Naperville, the museum serves as an educational resource
for anyone wanting more information on Naperville’s history.
With over 37,000 pieces in the artifact and archival collections, the
museum is a great resource for people seeking information related to
architecture, material culture, décor, family history, development of
the town, and community organizations and businesses. The museum’s
Research Library and Archives are open to the public every Thursday
from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. or by appointment. Visit the Naper Settlement’s
Museum and Research Library web page at http://www.napersettlement.
org/history/index.html for more information.
Outside of the museum site, the Naperville Heritage Society promotes
preservation through education and serves as a community resource.
In particular, the Heritage Society recognizes the maintenance and
preservation efforts of private property owners through the Historic
Structures Plaque Program. Plaques are awarded to architecturally
and historically significant structures after owners have completed
a documentation process. Once approved, the plaques are proudly
displayed on the home or building’s exterior as a means to increase
community awareness. To date, more than 90 structures have been
awarded plaques and the program is growing. For more information or
an application form, please visit Naper Settlement’s Historic Structures
Plaquing Programs web page http://www.napersettlement.museum/history/
plaquing_program.htm.
Photo B.17 - Martin Mitchell Mansion at Naper Settlement
Internet Resource:
Visit http://www.napersettlement.org/index.html to learn more about the
tours, activities and programs offered by Naper Settlement/Naperville
Heritage Society.
Chapter B | Naperville’S History
Photo B.18 - Six property owners received plaques from the Naperville Heritage Society in 2009
recognizing their homes’ significance
17
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C
Residential Architectural
styles
A. How to use this manual
B. naperville’s history
C. RESIDENTIAL Architectural styles
c.1 Overview c.2 GREEK REVIVAL
c.3 italianate
c.4 QUEEN ANNE
c.5 COLONIAL REVIVAL
c.6 Vernacular
c.7 PRAIRIE
c.8 AMERICAN FOURSQUARE
c.9 CRAFTSMAN / BUNGALOW
c.10 MID-CENTURY MODERN
D. Building Maintenance
and Rehabilitation
E. New Construction
F. Fences, Landscape and
Setting
G. Institutional Buildings
H. Appendices
Photo C.1 - Queen Anne style residence - 110 S. Sleight Street
19
c
C.1 Overview
This chapter introduces key historic residential architectural styles found
throughout the Historic District, including Greek Revival, Italianate,
Queen Anne, Prairie, Craftsman, and Mid-Century Modern-styled
homes. These styles can also be found in other historic neighborhoods
surrounding Naperville’s downtown. More than 90 percent of the 310
primary buildings within the Historic District are residential homes,
while the rest of the Historic District primarily consists of institutional
buildings. An overview of institutional architectural styles is included
in Chapter G: Institutional Buildings.
Resource:
• For more information regarding the City of Naperville’s Historic
District and Landmarks, please visit http://www.naperville.il.us/
historicdistrict.aspx.
• To learn more about residential architectural styles, refer to A
Field Guide to American Houses, by Virginia and Lee McAlester.
New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1984.
Photo C.2 - Queen Anne style residence with Greek Revival elements in the Sleight Subdivision
20
Photo C.3 - Columbia Street block, north of Franklin Avneue in Sleight Subdivision
Photo C.4 - American Foursquare style residence - Dr. E. Grant Simpson House 40 E. Jefferson Avenue
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
c
C.2 Greek Revival (1825 - 1860)
Greek Revival architecture began with public buildings in
Philadelphia. The Greek Revival style was the dominant
style of American domestic architecture from about 1825
up until 1860.
The Greek Revival style was one of the earliest styles to
become popular in residential buildings in the Chicago area,
and its influence filtered down to common 19th century
vernacular forms such as the Gable Front and Gable Front
and Wing. Widely distributed carpenter guides and pattern
books helped to further expand the style’s influence.
Typical attributes
Illustration C.1 - Greek
Revival door with arched
transom
Photo C.5 - Greek Revival style residence - 209 E. Jefferson Avenue
• Stories: One and one-half stories
• Building Form: Rectangular with symmetrical facade
• Porch: Not typically found on houses of this style
1. Windows: Multi-pane, double-hung
2. Doors: Elaborate front doors with decorative pediments,
narrow line of transom and sidelights
3. Ornamentation: Cornice lines emphasized with wide,
divided band of trim
4. Siding: Stone, brick, clapboard wood siding (bevel or
simple drop)
5. Roof: Gabled or hipped roof with low pitch. Dormers
were not a feature
5
3
4
1
2
Illustrative C.2 - Example of a Greek Revival style residence
Chapter C | Residential Architectural Styles
21
c
C.3 Italianate (1840-1885)
The Italianate style began in England and was popularized
in the United States by Alexander Jackson Downing in the
1840s as an alternative to Gothic or Greek Revival styles.
Loosely based on the Italian country villa, these style
homes are generally two full stories topped by low-pitched
roofs. Broad front porches that sometimes wrap around
the corner are also features frequently associated with
the Italianate style. Some sub-styles of this popular style
include Asymmetrical, Simple Hipped Roof, and Towered.
Photo C.6 - Italianate style residence - 30 S. Brainard Street
Illustration C.3 - Italianate door
and trim surround
5
3
1
4
2
Typical attributes
• Stories: Two to three stories
• Building Form: “L” or rectangular/asymmetrical
• Porch: Typically located on the front facade, sometimes
wrapping around corner, with ornate railings and
columns
1. Windows: Tall and narrow and usually arched or curved
with decorative molding. Windows are paired in most
cases
2. Doors: Heavily molded double doors
3. Ornamentation:
Decorative brackets to support
overhanging eaves
4. Siding: Wood
5. Roof: Low pitched hipped roof with wide, overhanging
eaves. Dormers were not a typical feature
Illustration C.4 - Example of a Italianate style residence - 135 North Brainard Street
22
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
c
C.4 Queen Anne (1880-1910)
The Queen Anne style is one of a number of different
styles that fall under the overall category of Victorian era
homes, which also include the Italianate, Stick and Shingle
styles. Although not prevalent in Naperville, the Stick
style was an antecedent to Queen Anne homes in the late
1880s with extensive use of trim boards, soffits and other
decorative features, but without overtly ornate features
such as rounded towers and gingerbread trim found in the
Queen Anne style.
The Queen Anne style became popular in the 1880s and
1890s, when the industrial revolution brought new mass
production technologies. Builders began using mass
produced precut architectural trim to create fanciful
and sometimes flamboyant houses. This style of home
continued to be built all over the country until approximately
1910. The Shingle style, exemplified by three homes in the
Historic District, closely resembles the Queen Anne style
but has wood shingles as a primary architectural feature.
Photo C.7- Stick style residence - 5 N. Columbia
Street
Photo C.8 - Queen Anne style residence - 15 S.
Loomis Street
5
3
4
Typical attributes
• Stories: Two to three stories
• Building Form: Cross gable or front gable typically
1. Windows: Tall and narrow double hung
2. Doors: Wood, lower panel with single pane of glass in
upper portion
3. Ornamentation: Decorative brackets
4. Siding: Wood bevel and decorative wood shingles
5. Roof: Steeply pitched roof with front facing gable.
Gable dormers on roof and/or on roof above porch
entrance
6. Porch: Typically one-story asymmetrical, partial or full
width. Second story porch common over entry
1
2
6
Illustration C.5 - Example of a Queen Anne style residence - 29 S. Sleight Street
Chapter C | Residential Architectural Styles
23
c
Photo C.11 - Queen Anne style cottage - 22 Photo C.12 - Queen Anne style residence with
N. Sleight Street
decorative brackets - 29 S. Sleight Street
Photo C.9 - Queen Anne - 28 S. Loomis Street
Illustration C. 6 - Common Decorative Shingle Patterns Found
on Queen Anne Style Homes in the Naperville Historic District
hexagonal
fish scale
plain - chamfered
plain
Photo C.10 - Queen Anne - 15 S. Brainard Street
24
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
c
C.5 Colonial Revival (1880-1955)
According to the book A Field Guide to American Houses,
by Virginia and Lee McAlester, the term Colonial Revival
refers to the entire rebirth of interest in the early English
and Dutch houses of the Atlantic seaboard. The Colonial
Revival style is often thought to have started during the
1876 Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition. Colonial style
homes continued to be popular and were constructed up
until the 1950s. Later interest in the style was due in part
to the restoration of Colonial Williamsburg from 1926 1956.
Photo C.13 - Dutch Colonial Revival style
residence - 132 S. Wright Street
Photo C.14 - Colonial Revival style residence with
covered entry stoop - 18 S. Columbia Street
Typical Attributes
• Stories: Two stories
• Building Form: Symmetrical or asymmetrical
1. Windows: Multi-pane glazing in double hung windows;
paired windows
2. Doors: Accented front door sometimes with decorative
crown supported by pilasters
3. Ornamentation: Classic inspired cornices and moldings
embellished with dentils (a series of closely spaced
wooden rectangular blocks)
4. Siding: Brick or wood bevel siding
5. Roof: Side gabled roof; gabled dormers typical
6. Porch: Covered entry stoop more typical. Supported
by slender columns
7. Other: Shutters and masonry chimney were typical
7
5
3
1
4
2
6
Illustration C.7 - Example of a Colonial Revival style residence
Chapter C | Residential Architectural Styles
25
c
C.6 Vernacular
Vernacular houses (commonly referred to as “farmhouse”
in Naperville) are typically simple in plan and had little
stylistic ornamentation. They were mostly built in the late
19th century and early 20th century. There are five substyles, which include: the Gable Front, the Gabled Ell, the
L-Form, the I-House, and the Upright/Wing styles.
Typical attributes
Photo C.15 - I-Form vernacular style residence - 154
Center Street
Photo C.16 - L-Form vernacular style residence 214 N. Ellsworth Street
• Stories: One and one-half to two, typical.
• Building Form: Rectangular or “L”
1. Windows: Double hung, single pane glazing
2. Doors: Typically four or six panel door
3. Ornamentation: Less decorative, simple brackets or
none
4. Siding: Wood shingles; wood clapboard siding; brick
masonry
5. Roof: Gabled roof; sometimes with attic window in
the gable
6. Porch: On front of residence or wrapping corner
typical
5
1
4
3
2
6
Gabled Ell style
Gable Front style
L-Form style
Illustration C.9 - Vernacular sub-styles
Illustration C.8 - Example of a Vernacular style residence
26
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
c
C.7 Prairie (1900-1920)
The Prairie style, a true American style, originated
in Chicago. The architect Frank Lloyd Wright is the
“acknowledged master” of this style. The Winslow house,
designed in 1893 by Frank Lloyd Wright, is frequently
referred to as the first Prairie style house. The early Prairie
style homes were usually constructed of brick and clad
with stucco with wood trim or sided with horizontal wood
board and batten. Later Prairie homes were constructed
using brick.
Prairie homes can have many shapes: Square, L-shaped,
T-shaped, Y-shaped, and even pinwheel-shaped. The
Prairie style flourished between 1900 and 1920, and had
some influence on the later American Foursquare and
Craftsman styles.
Photo C.17 - Prairie style residence with brick siding, stucco accents and wood trim - 144 S. Sleight
Street
Photo C.18 - Prairie style residence with stucco siding and
wood trim - 48 E. Jefferson Avenue
Typical attributes
• Stories: Two stories
• Building Form: Asymmetrical or symmetrical, usually
emphasizing strong horizontal lines contrasted by
vertical elements such as chimneys
• Door Types: Decorative wood doors with leaded glass
accents
• Porch: Not typical although they may be enclosed or
incorporated as part of entrances
.
1. Windows: Casement window band with leaded or
stained glass
2. Ornamentation: Strong horizontal banding and deep
eaves and cornices
3. Siding: Brick or stucco with wood trim
4. Roof: Low pitch gabled or hipped roof with deep
overhangs. Hipped dormers occasionally included
4
1
2
3
Illustration C.10 - Example of a Prairie style residence
Chapter C | Residential Architectural Styles
27
c
C.8 American Foursquare (19001930)
Illustration C.11 American Foursquare
floor plan example
from the book, Houses
by Mail, A Guide to
Houses from Sears,
Roebuck and Company
Due to its practicality and simple layout, the American
Foursquare style became very popular for the working and
middle class during the early 1900s. Its simplicity made it
a candidate for popular mail order house kits of the era as
well. Foursquare homes derive their name from the typical
plan layout of dividing the first and second floors into four
rooms per floor as shown in Illustration C.14.
Photo C.19 - American Foursquare style
residence- 9 S. Columbia Street
5
Popular between the years 1900 - 1910, some builders
often borrowed features from other popular styles, such
as Colonial Revival, Queen Anne, and Craftsman to dress
up the Foursquare homes.
Typical attributes
1
• Stories: Two and a half stories
• Building Form: Simple square shape with symmetrical
facade
6
3
1.
2.
3.
4.
Windows: Double hung windows; typically single pane.
Doors: Large single pane of glass in top portion
Ornamentation: Simple wood trim
Siding: Brick, stone, or wood clapboard siding (bevel
or simple drop)
5. Roof: Hipped roofs and dormers with large overhangs.
Large central dormer typical
6. Porch: Full width, single story with low slope hip roof
4
2
Illustration C.12 - Example of an American Foursquare style residence
28
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
c
C.9 Craftsman / Bungalow (19051930)
The Arts and Craft movement celebrated handicrafts and
encouraged the use of simple forms and natural materials.
The word “Craftsman” came to mean any house that
expressed Arts and Crafts ideals.
The Craftsman style was inspired by the work of architects
Charles and Henry Greene, two brothers from California
who practiced in Pasadena from 1893-1914. By 1909
they had designed and executed several landmark status
Craftsman style bungalows. The residences they designed
were given widespread publicity in popular home
magazines and architectural journals of the day, helping
the Craftsman/Bungalow style to become one of the most
popular house types from about 1910 up until 1930.
Photo C.20 - Craftsman/Bungalow style
residence - 27 S. Columbia Street
Photo C.21 - Craftsman style residence - 105 S. Columbia
Street
3
Typical attributes
•
•
•
•
•
Stories: One and one-half stories
Building Form: Rectangular or square
Doors: Two to three windows in upper portion typical
Siding: Wood, stone, or stucco
Other: Exterior chimneys constructed of brick or
stone
1. Windows: Double hung with 3 panes in upper sash and
one in lower. Windows were often grouped in bands
of three or four
2. Ornamentation: Decorative wood beams, braces, or
brackets under gables and eaves
3. Roof: Roofs are side gabled or hipped typically with
exposed roof rafters. Dormers usually gable or shed
4. Porch: Full or partial width supported by thick square
columns
2
1
4
Illustration C.13 - Example of a Craftsman/Bungalow style residence
Chapter C | Residential Architectural Styles
29
c
Photo C. 22 - A Tosi designed
home in central Naperville
C.10 Mid-Century Modern (19351975)
The Mid-Century Modern style encompasses homes built
primarily post World War II from the late 1940s to the early
1970s. After the war, traditional styled house designs were
abandoned and replaced with more contemporary styles
influenced by modern architecture. Mid-Century Modern
sub-styles are Minimal Traditional, Split-level, Ranch, and
Contemporary. The Mid-Century Modern homes are far
less common in the Historic District, accounting for only six
residences in total. The Minimal Traditional style typically
encompassed a dominant front gable and massive chimney.
This style was popular up until the early 1950s. The Ranch
style homes are typically one story with low-pitched roofs
with overhangs and broad facades reminiscent of the Prairie
style homes. In the neighborhoods south and southwest
of the Historic District in Naperville, architect Don Tosi
designed several notable Split level, Contemporary and
Shed Mid-Century era style homes. Angular roof lines,
carports and triangular shaped projecting windows typify
his designs.
Illustration C. 14 - Mid-Century Modern design by Don Tosi
Typical attributes
4
•
•
•
•
•
Stories: One, one and one-half, split stories
Building Form: Rectangular, asymmetrical
Ornamentation: None, stripped down
Porch: None
Other: Attached one or two-car garages
1.
2.
3.
4.
Windows: Casement, picture
Doors: Glass
Siding: Brick, stucco, wood - bevel siding
Roof: Low-pitch, gable and hipped roofs and dormers
were not typical features
2
1
3
Illustration C.15 - Example of a Mid-Century Modern style Split Level residence
30
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
D
Building Rehabilitation and
Maintenance
A. How to use this
manual
B. Naperville’s History
C. Residential Architectural Styles
D. Building Rehabilitation and
Maintenance
d.1 Foundations and walls
d.2 WINDOWS and storm windows
d.3 Doors and entryways
d.4 Awnings
d.5 roofs, dormers, and skylights
d.6 Porches, Entries, and stoops
d.7 Existing Garages
d.8 Energy Efficient
IMPROVEMENTS
E. New Construction
F. Fences, Landscape and Setting
G. Institutional
Buildings
H. Appendices
Photo D.1 - Gable Ell style residence - 32 S. Sleight Street
31
d
D.1 Foundations and Walls
Walls and above ground foundations are among the most important
character-defining elements of historic buildings. The design of walls
and foundations is influenced by the types of materials used, the
location, proportions and scale of openings for doors and windows,
massing and rhythm of features such as bays and porches, and details
and ornamentation. Above ground foundation walls are often visually
distinguished from the main wall by a change of material.
Photo D.2 - Foursquare style brick residence
- 219 N. Brainard Street
Photo D.3 - Colonial Revival style brick
residence - 18 S. Columbia Street
• Brick - Brick is manufactured from clay that is formed into
rectangular blocks and then fired in a kiln to acquire hardness and
weather resistance. Local clay gives the majority of brick a red
color, although other colors can be fabricated. In Naperville, brick
is most commonly used for structural exterior walls, chimneys, and
porch elements and is found on Prairie, Craftsman/Bungalow, and
Mid-Century Modern style homes. Brick can be laid in different
patterns or coursings, with the most common being a running
bond. In addition to the coursing, the width, color and profile
of mortar joints contribute significantly to the appearance of a
brick structure. Brick mortar joints can range from 1/8” to 1/2”
in width, and can utilize a variety of profiles.
Illustration D.1 - Brick running bond pattern
concave
vee
D.1.1 Masonry
Masonry construction refers to a building or structure built with
individual masonry units laid and bound together by mortar. Masonry
is a highly durable form of construction. With proper maintenance
and care, masonry can last indefinitely. The most common masonry
materials used in Naperville are brick, limestone and concrete blocks.
flush
struck
raked
Illustration D.2 - Common brick mortar joint profiles
32
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
d
• Limestone - Limestone was commonly used for foundation
construction in Naperville until the early 1900’s. It may also be
found on chimney walls, as an aesthetic accent on window sills, and
on porch elements. How the limestone is finished, and the width,
color and mortar joint profiles all contribute to the appearance
of an exposed foundation. When used to construct foundations,
limestone was typically laid in a running bond coursing pattern
with beaded mortar joints.
• Concrete Block - Concrete blocks were initially used in the early
1900’s as an inexpensive substitute for natural stone. They were
often finished with an exposed rock-like face to resemble stone
materials. In Naperville, “rock face” concrete blocks were used
extensively for the foundation walls of Stick, Queen Anne, and
American Foursquare style homes.
Guidelines for Masonry Maintenance, Repair and Replacement
Depending on the exposure conditions and mortar materials used, the
longevity of mortar joints will vary. The typical lifespan of mortar
joints will, in most cases, exceed 25 years. Since most masonry will last
100 years and beyond with proper care, it is extremely important that
mortar joints be maintained periodically to ensure the integrity of the
wall system.
Photo D.4 - Limestone foundation wall
Illustration D.3 -Limestone running bond
pattern
Photo D.5 - Stamped concrete - rock face
finish foundation wall example
Illustration D.4 - Stamped concrete - rock face
Encouraged
• Identify, retain, and preserve original masonry materials.
• Clean masonry materials only if there is a major stain or paint
build-up. If the staining or dirt is limited, it is best to leave it alone.
Avoid sandblasting or subjecting masonry materials to any kind of
abrasive cleaning. Brick should never be cleaned with high pressure
water that exceeds 300 pounds per square inch (psi). Introducing
water or chemicals into masonry features is also discouraged.
• If cleaning is necessary, clean masonry features with mild detergent
cleaners. Only use chemical removers if you wish to remove paint
from brick. This is a job that usually requires professionals.
Illustration D.5 - Beaded mortar joint profile, typical of stone masonry in the Historic District
Chapter D | Building Maintenance and Rehabilitation
33
d
• Tuckpoint mortar when there are signs of crumbling, cracks, and
mortar voids of 1/4” in depth. Tuckpoint masonry joints using
mortar that matches the original in composition, color, width
and profile. For most pre-1920 homes, use soft mortars to match
the original composition. If the original composition cannot be
determined, use a historic compound such as one part lime and
two parts sand. Do not use Portland cement or other hard mortars
unless they are original to the home.
• Repair only the damaged portion of original masonry with
reclaimed materials if possible.
Acceptable • Use new or replacement masonry materials that match the original
in size and texture, as well as mortar joint profile and width.
Discouraged • Paint over masonry exterior, unless it was originally painted.
• Use stone, brick, or concrete block veneer to imitate original
masonry application. Masonry veneers require additional back-up
support to be installed, which could change the character of the
home.
• Cover masonry walls in stucco or other coating materials that are
not original.
• Conceal foundation windows with masonry, glass block or concrete
block.
• Coat the interior or exterior of masonry foundations and walls
with water sealants or repellants.
34
Internet Resources:
• The Cast Stone Institute: www.caststone.org.
• Preservation Brief #2 - Repointing Mortar Joints in Historic Masonry
Buildings.
• Preservation Brief #42 - The Maintenance, Repair and Replacement of
Historic Cast Stone.
• The Brick Industry Association: www.gobrick.com.
• Old House Journal Web Site: Short Course of Historic Mortar.
• Keyword search on Internet: “historic stamped concrete block”.
• When selecting cleaning products, there are a number of
manufacturers who produce environmentally friendly cleaners.
Keyword Search on Internet: “environmentally friendly masonry
cleaners”.
D.1.2 Chimneys
Chimneys and fireplaces were used to provide heating for homes
before the advent of central heating. Most homes in Naperville built
prior to 1950 have chimneys. Historically, chimneys were built with
brick or stone, and sometimes were clad with stucco.
Guidelines for Chimney Maintenance, Repair and Replacement
Encouraged:
• Inspect chimneys for damage (exterior and interior) annually.
• Clean and tuckpoint chimneys in accordance with masonry
guidelines (D.1.1).
• Rebuild chimneys using salvaged brick from disassembling the
existing chimney if rebuilding is necessary.
• Install proper flashing at the point where the chimney meets the
roof to prevent water from infiltrating the structure:
• Use metal flashing instead of caulking material or bituminous
coating, which can deteriorate due to weathering and allow
moisture damage.
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
d
• Install both base flashing and cap flashing that should overlap the
base by at least 4”.
• Use step flashing instead of box flashing (see Photo D.8).
• If a chimney is no longer being used to provide heating, cap the
chimney to prevent windblown debris from entering and animals
from building nests on top or inside the chimney, as well as to help
seal the home. If a chimney is used on an intermittent or frequent
basis, clean the interior walls of the chimney to prevent the buildup of creosote which can cause dangerous chimney fires. Flue
liners can be applied to the interior wall of the chimney to prevent
creosote build-up. A local chimney cleaning company should be
contacted for this work.
Acceptable
• Remove a chimney that is not a significant feature of the home.
• Rebuild the chimney to match the original design in accordance
with the masonry guidelines (D.1.1).
Photo D.6 - Stucco house with brick chimney 141 N. Brainard Street
Photo D.7 - Stucco house with brick chimney
- 125 S. Columbia Street
Discouraged:
• Remove or alter a chimney that is a significant feature of the home.
D.1.3 Wood Siding Applications
The majority of historic Naperville homes are of frame construction
with various types of wood siding. Each type of siding imparts a unique
character and is usually associated with a particular building period or
style. Horizontal clapboards (i.e., long, narrow wood boards with one
edge thicker than the other) are the most common material used for
exterior wall construction and can be found on almost any residential
style in Naperville, with the exception of Prairie style. Varieties and
forms of historic wood siding include beveled, german, simple-drop,
ship lap, and v-rustic (see Illustration D.7). In addition to clapboard,
some walls are clad with wood shingles. Wood shingles were primarily
used on Stick and Queen Anne style homes in various overlapping
patterns, shapes, and colors to produce interesting surfaces. Some of
those patterns include fish scale, hexagon, plain, and staggered.
Photo D.8 - Step flashing where
chimney meets roof
Illustration D.6 - Flashing “cricket” used to divert water
away from the face of the chimney
Chapter D | Building Maintenance and Rehabilitation
35
d
Illustration D.7 - Common Wood Siding Forms
beveled
german
Beside form and pattern, an important feature of wood siding is
its reveal. “Reveal” or “exposure” refers to the distance of overlap
between boards. In Naperville, siding reveal typically varies from 3” to
5” depending on the style of the home. In many Queen Anne homes,
the lower story has a wider reveal than the upper stories.
simple drop
Guidelines for Wood Siding Maintenance,
Repair and Replacement
Encouraged
ship lap
v-rustic
shingle
Illustration D.8 - Decorative Wood Shingle Patterns
4”
8”
6”
4”
hexagonal staggered
6”
6”
4”
fish scale
Photo D.9 - Decorative wood siding example
- 151 N. Ellsworth Street
36
plain
4”
Photo D.10 - Wood siding example - 151 N.
Ellsworth Street
• Maintain original wood siding by cleaning and repainting when
peeling or cracking paint is observed. In general, wood siding used
on historic homes was fabricated of hardwood species that are
naturally resistant to rot.
• Before repainting, scrape off any loose and peeling paint. Remove
paint in heavily coated areas down to bare wood. An appropriate
chemical stripper is preferred over sandblasting or power sanding
since these methods weaken the materials and destroy detailing.
Then, prime and repaint wood surfaces to extend the life of
the material. Historically, wood siding was painted for weather
protection.
• Repair original wood siding instead of replacement. If rotten
sections of 6” x 6” or smaller are discovered consider repairing
sections with two part epoxy prior to using replacement wood. If
the rotten section is larger than 6”x6” use the “Dutchman” repair
method to only remove the damaged material and replace in kind
(matching the material, form, pattern, and reveal). A “Dutchman
repair” is the “piecing-in” of a localized area of wood siding
deterioration by cutting out the decayed area and carefully installing
a matching wood replacement plug or splice.
• Remove synthetic sidings (e.g., aluminum or vinyl) that conceal
original wood sidings. Following the removal of synthetic sidings,
repair, caulk and paint the original siding. If the “ghosts” or
outlines of decorative missing features are revealed, consider
replicating and reinstalling them.
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
d
• Restoration of historic siding or shingle patterns where such
features were previously removed. Siding restoration should be
based on evidence (historic photos or “ghosting” under existing
siding) and be consistent with the historic style of the home.
Acceptable
• Replace original wood clapboard siding and shingles with new
wood or fiber cement board that match the original in size, pattern,
form, and reveal.
• Fiber cement board is an exterior siding material made from
Portland cement mixed with ground sand, cellulose fiber and other
additives and textured to have a natural, wood-like appearance.
This material is durable, termite resistant, non-combustible, and
has an estimated lifespan of up to 50 years. Fiber cement board
siding can be installed to the exact reveal profiles of the historic
wood siding. Most fiber cement board manufacturers carry both
9-1/4” and 5-1/4” wide boards as standard sizes. By cutting a
9-1/4” wide board into two 4-5/8” wide sections, overlap 1-5/8”
to achieve a 3” exposure or use the 5-1/4” board and overlap by
2-1/4” to achieve a 3” exposure.
Discouraged
• Through the application of replacement materials, conceal or
remove original decorative detailing or trim including window and
door surrounds.
• Clad over original wood siding with synthetic siding materials such
as vinyl and aluminum siding, asphalt siding, metal siding, and
artificial stone.
Internet Resources:
For more information on substitute wood siding and painting historic
buildings refer to Preservation Brief #16 - The Use of Substitute Materials
on Historic Building Exteriors, and Preservation Brief #10 - Exterior Paint
Problems on Historic Woodwork.
D.1.4 Stucco Siding Application
Traditional stucco is a Portland cement-based coating material that is
created from a mixture of water, sand, and lime. Historically, stucco
was an inexpensive, non-structural material that could be applied in
multiple coats to both the interior and exterior of walls, which were
often wood or masonry structural walls. Finishes could be of a variety
of textures and sometimes resemble stone. Stucco can be colored by
adding stone dust or pigment to the mixture or by painting the surface
after it hardens. In Naperville, the material is often associated with the
Prairie, Bungalow, and American Foursquare architectural styles.
Guidelines for Stucco Siding Maintenance,
Repair and Replacement
Stucco is a material of deceptive simplicity. In most cases its repair
should not be undertaken by a property owner unfamiliar with the art
of plastering. Successful stucco repair requires the skill and experience
of a professional plasterer.
Encouraged
• Retain the original stucco siding.
• Repair damaged sections by removing the original and patching
areas with stucco that match the original in color and texture. The
most frequent type of damage to stucco usually appears as cracks,
which can allow moisture to seep into the wall system.
• Install control joints to alleviate cracking if no control joints exist.
Acceptable
• Remove and replace stucco.
Discouraged
• Apply synthetic stucco, such as EIFS (Exterior Insulation Finish
System) which does not provide the same characteristics and
durability as traditional stucco.
Chapter D | Building Maintenance and Rehabilitation
37
d
D.2 Windows and Storm Windows
D.2.1 Windows
Windows are among the first features noticed by those passing by a
building and are one of the most important character defining elements
of a home. Original historic windows are usually made of wood and
can be fixed, double hung, casement, or awning type. Windows located
on the primary facade of a house are almost always formally arranged
in regular patterns.
Guidelines for Windows Maintenance, Repair and Replacement
Encouraged:
Photo D.11 - Prairie style residence with stucco siding - 423 E. Chicago Avenue
Internet Resources:
•
•
•
For additional information regarding stucco maintenance,
repair, and substitute materials refer to Preservation Brief #22- The
Preservation and Repair of Historic Stucco.
Preservation Brief #8 - The Appropriateness of Substitute Materials for
Resurfacing Historic Wood Frame Buildings.
EIFS can be easily damaged and presents maintenance concerns.
For more information visit http://www.c-risk.com/Construction_
Risk/CD_EIFS_CD_Issues_01.htm.
38
• Retain and preserve windows in their original location, size, type
and design and with their original materials and pane division. If
windows have been in place for 60 or more years, repairing and
restoring them can add an additional 60 years or more.
• Repair original windows rather than replace them with new
windows. If replacement is necessary, replace them in-kind to
match the originals in material, size, and design including pane
division. Factors to be considered in determining whether the
severity of deterioration of windows requires replacement include
damage, excessive weathering, loss of soundness or integrity of
the wood, deterioration due to rot or insect attack, and cost to
repair.
• Install true divided muntins which are an integral part of the
window sash on both sides rather than snap-on simple grilles.
• Install screens and/or storm windows that are wood or baked-on
or anodized aluminum and fit within the window frames.
• Install weather-stripping around windows to prevent air leakage.
• Caulk around perimeter of windows. Check sealants around
windows annually, and if necessary caulk to reseal and prevent air
infiltration,
• Retrofit existing wood windows and sashes with insulated glazing
units or wood or aluminum storm windows.
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
d
Acceptable
Illustration D.9 - Window Types
• Replace original windows with new wood or aluminum clad
windows that match the original in size, proportion, type and
design. Modern windows may not have true divided lights, but can
duplicate the original appearance using muntins that are attached
to the sash and exterior and interior of the glass.
Discouraged
• Change existing window openings or add new non-original window
openings to primary facades.
• Install vinyl and fiberglass replacement windows.
• Install replacement windows that do not match the original in size,
proportion, type or design.
• Install builder-type aluminum windows with large profiles.
Casement
Palladian
Elliptical
Internet Resources:
For additional information refer to Preservation Brief #9 - The Repair
of Historic Wooden Windows, and the National Trust for Historic
Preservation’s weatherization guide at http://www.preservationnation.org/
issues/weatherization/.
D.2.2 Storm Windows
Storm windows are effective in maintaining and enhancing a home’s
energy efficiency. They create a thermal barrier that reduces the
transmission of air between the indoors and outdoors. They are also
cost-effective and allow for the retention of original historic windows.
Wood storm windows were common for many historic homes
after 1900 and were made to be easily installed and removed during
the change of seasons. Historic wood storm windows should be
maintained, repaired where feasible, and painted to match the existing
window colors. When considering the installation of new storm
windows, wood and aluminum are considered the best options due to
their durability and flexibility in color choices as compared with ones
Circular
Fanlight and Sidelight
Double Hung
Illustration D.10 - Pane Divisions
3 light
6 light
8 light
2 light vertical
2 light
horizontal
Chapter D | Building Maintenance and Rehabilitation
1 light
39
d
Discouraged:
• Install storm windows that obscure the underlying window or are
not sized to the window opening.
• Install plastic or vinyl storm windows.
D.2.3 Decorative Art and Stained Glass
Photo D.12 - 1920’s residence wtih original
wood storms, Oak Park, Illinois
Photo D.13 - Residence with original wood
storm windows, Oak Park, Illinois
made of plastic or vinyl. It is also important for new storm windows
to provide a full view and not obscure the original window. Storm
windows can be made operable with a triple-track system to allow for
movable screen or glass sashes or fixed without movable sashes.
Decorative windows, such as leaded glass windows, are most commonly
associated with the Prairie and Craftsman/Bungalow styles, but may
also be found on Queen Anne homes. Decorative art and stained glass
is typically found in glass door panes, windows, and interior decorative
elements. These types of features are often significant features of the
home.
Guidelines for Decorative Art and Stained Glass
Maintenance, Repair and Replacement
Encouraged:
Encouraged
• Repair and maintain existing wood storm windows where feasible
and if the are original to the house.
• Install replacement or new wood storm windows that provide a
full view of the original windows and are sized appropriately to
the window frame.
• Install exterior storm windows. Interior storm windows may cause
moisture condensation and further exposure and deterioration to
the exterior window.
• Maintain and repair original decorative windows in their original
size, location, and design rather than replace them.
• Install full exterior storm windows to provide protection and
enhance energy efficiency
Acceptable:
Discouraged
• Install new storm windows that are colored to match the existing
window color. Anodized and enamel coated aluminum frames will
last longer than unfinished aluminum.
• New storm windows should have a central meeting rail at the same
location as the historic window if it exists. Fixed storms without a
central meeting rail are also acceptable.
• Remove or conceal decorative windows
• Add non-original decorative glass to primary facades
40
Acceptable
• Replace decorative glazing on original windows in kind (i.e.,
material, design, style, scale, and profile)
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
d
D.2.4 Shutters
Shutters were historically applied to provide privacy and block the sun
while allowing air to circulate. They were made of wood slats and
completely covered the window when closed. Shutters may or may
not be appropriate additions to historic buildings. Adding shutters
depends on the use and architectural style of a building as well as
documentation of their previous existence on the building. Typically,
shutters are found on the Colonial Revival and Greek revival style
homes in Naperville.
Photo D.14 - Prairie or Craftsman stained glass example
Guidelines for Shutter Maintenance, Repair and Replacement
Encouraged
• Maintain and repair original operable shutters. For additional
information on how to care for and maintain wood, see Section D
1.3 Wood Siding Applications.
Acceptable
Illustration D.11 - Prairie/Craftsman/Bungalow upper sash muntin patterns
• Install replacement shutters that match the size, style, and profile
of the original. Use existing shutters or historic photographs of
the home to design replacement shutters.
• Install new shutters that are of louvered or paneled wood
construction and that fit the window opening so that if closed they
would cover the window opening.
Discouraged
Photo D.15 - Prairie style residence with
decorative glass - 144 S. Sleight Street
Photo D.16 - Shingle style residence with
decorative glass - 119 N. Brainard Street
• Removal of shutters that are original to the home.
• Install new shutters that are disproportionate to the window (i.e.,
do not match the height of the window opening or equal 1/2 the
total window width).
• Add new shutters where none previously existed, or that are not
typical of the style.
• Add new vinyl or aluminum shutters. These shutters generally
have dimensions or textures which are not compatible with historic
dwellings.
Chapter D | Building Maintenance and Rehabilitation
41
d
D.3 Doors and Storm Doors
D.3.1 Doors
Most historic residential front doors are made of wood with raised
or recessed panels. Some incorporate a high level of detail and
ornamentation including colored, stained, beveled or etched glass
panels. Doors and door surrounds are highly visible and significant in
defining the style and character of a home. It is important to keep the
original style of entrance doors. For example, if the home is classified
as Italianate, then only an Italianate style door should be used. Typically
Italianate style doors are four panel doors in which the top two panels
have rounded heads. Refer to Section C for a description of door
styles associated with specific architectural styles.
Photo D.17 - Queen Anne style residence
with shutters - 15 S. Sleight Street
Photo D.18 - Greek Revival style residence with
shutters - 209 E.Jefferson Avenue
Guidelines for Door Maintenance, Repair and Replacement
Encouraged
• Maintain and repair original doors and surrounds. Air infiltration
may be reduced by installing weather-stripping.
• Restore the doorway or entryway based on evidence (historic
photos or “ghosting” under existing siding), consistent with the
historic style of the home.
Acceptable
Illustration D.12 - Encouraged - Each
shutter equals one half of the window width
42
Illustration D.13 - Discouraged - Shutter width
is less than half of the window width
• Replace severely damaged sections of door, glazing or surround
in-kind (i.e., matching materials and design).
• Install replacement doors that fit the original door opening and are
appropriate for the style and period of the home. Replacement
doors should be similar to the original in material, style, glazing
(type of glass and area) and lights (pane configuration). Wood is
an acceptable material for use in replacement doors.
• Add doors at the rear or secondary facades of the homes where
they are not readily visible or to the primary façades only if the
additions are consistent with the style and period of the home.
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
d
Discouraged
Illustration D.14 - Acceptable - Entry Door Examples
• Add new door openings where none existed previously or that do
not reflect the style of the home. If needed to meet safety codes
or to enhance the use of a property, doors should be added at the
rear or secondary facades of the homes where they are not readily
visible.
• Remove, alter, or resize the original door opening.
• Replace original doors with new designs that do not match the
style or period of the home.
D 3.2 Storm Doors
A storm door is a type of door that is installed in front of an exterior
access door to protect it from bad weather and allow ventilation. Storm
doors typically have interchangeable glass and window screen panels
to provide visibility and prevent flying insects from entering the home.
Storm doors can be installed to improve energy efficiency by creating
an additional barrier between the outside air and the home’s interior.
Colonial Revival paired
door and surround
Italianate paired door
and surround
Greek Revival paired door
and surround
Craftsman/Bungalow
Door
Prairie Door
Guidelines for Storm Door Maintenance,
Repair and Replacement
Encouraged
• Install new storm doors made of wood or aluminum that are
correctly sized to fit the opening of the door frame.
• Select new screen doors with full glass design or with minimal
structural dividers to retain the visibility of the historic door
behind the screen door.
• For additional information on how to care for and maintain wood,
see section D1.2 Wood Siding Application.
Queen Anne or
American Foursquare
Door
Illustration D.15 - Discouraged - Entry Door Examples
Discouraged
• Install a storm door that obscures the entry door or detracts from
the style or character of the home.
• Enlarge, reduce, or shorten the original door opening to fit a new
storm door.
Chapter D | Building Maintenance and Rehabilitation
43
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D.4 Awnings
Traditional awnings were installed over windows and doors or attached
to porches to help reduce glare and heat gain and provide weather
protection. A few homes in the Naperville Historic District employ
awnings that complement the style of the home through color
coordination. Historic homes typically had awnings made of canvas
on an operable metal frame.
Guidelines for Awning Maintenance, Repair and Replacement
Encouraged
Illustration D.16 - Encouraged - Storm doors examples
• Maintain and repair original awnings.
• Install replacement awnings constructed of canvas on operable
metal frames.
• Ensure that replacement awnings fit the size and the shape of the
opening to which they are applied.
Discouraged
• Install metal awnings/louvers or fixed canvas awnings.
• Damage the original walls, window frames, or detailing of the
home during installation of new or replacement awnings.
Illustration D.17 - Discouraged - Storm doors examples
Photo D.19 - Residence with operable
fabric awning - 16 N. Columbia Street
44
Photo D.20 - Discouraged - Fixed metal awning
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
d
D.5 Roofs, Dormers and Skylights
Acceptable
D.5.1 Roofs
Roofs are one of the most important features of historic buildings.
Functionally they shelter buildings from the weather. Visually, roof
shape, elements, details and materials can significantly contribute to
the appearance and architectural style of buildings. Historic homes
in Naperville typically have one of the following roof shapes: gable,
hipped, pyramidal or a combination of gable and hipped (see Illustration
D.18). Typical historic roofing materials found in Naperville are slate,
wood shingles, asbestos tile, and asphalt shingle.
• Re-roof with substitute materials such as asphalt or fiberglass
shingles if the original materials are no longer present or if the
retention of the original roof material is not economically feasible.
The slope or pitch of a roof is an important determinant of roof
shape. Roof pitch is a ratio of “rise” over “run”. For example, a 4:12
pitch describes a roof that increases 4” in height (rise) for every 12” of
horizontal run (see Illustration D.19). The slope of roofs in Naperville
varies widely from 3:12 to 12:12, depending on the style of the home.
Discouraged
• Modify original roof pitch or slope or add new features such as
dormers, roof decks, and balconies on the primary façade of the
home where none existed previously.
• Install new roof materials that are not asphalt or fiberglass shingles
or are not consistent with the original materials.
• Use hand-split wood shingles to replace historic sawn wood
shingles. Hand-split wood shingles do not replicate the appearance
of historic shingles.
Illustration D.18 - Roof Types
Guidelines for Roof, Dormer, and Skylight
Maintenance, Repair and Replacement
Encouraged
• Maintain and repair the original shape, pitch, and features (such
as cresting, chimneys, dormers) of existing roofs. If possible, use
original roof materials.
• Repair roofs in a timely manner to avoid structural damage,
especially when leaks occur. Due to the variation in roof materials,
the time between re-roofing varies from 20 years to 100 years.
• If repair is no longer practical, re-roof with materials that match
the original in material, color, pattern and profile.
• Install proper water-tight flashing at junctions between roofs and
walls, around chimneys, skylights, vent pipes, and in valleys and hips
where two planes of a roof meet. Metal flashing should be used
instead of caulking or bituminous coating, which can deteriorate
due to weathering. (Refer to Section D.1.2 regarding chimney flashing)
Gable Front Vernacular &
Popular Styles
Gable Side Colonial &
Greek Revival Styles
Gable Cross Queen Anne
Style
Gable “L” Colonial &
Vernacular Styles
Hip Simple/Pyramidal
Craftsman, Prairie & Foursquare Styles
Hip Cross Italianate Style
Chapter D | Building Maintenance and Rehabilitation
45
d
12
:12
Illustration D.19 - Roof Slopes
2
8:1 6:12
X (RISE)
45 degree angle
Y (RUN)
Rise over run diagram is used to determine the
roof slope/pitch.
Typical roof slopes in the Historic
District
Illustration D.20 - Roof soffit and fascia on gable roof
D.5.2 Soffits and Fascias
Soffits and fascias provide a finished surface to conceal the structural
edges of a roof. Historic soffits and fascias were commonly
constructed of wood; however, some examples of stucco soffits
exist in the Naperville Historic District. Soffits are generally installed
horizontally and are attached to the bottom of the main roof structure
that extends over the exterior walls. Modern soffits are vented to allow
air flow from the attic space to reduce heat buildup and prevent ice
dams. Soffits on historic houses were typically not vented since walls
and attics were not insulated. Fascias were installed vertically on the
front face of the overhanging roof structure and were often concealed
or partially hidden by gutters.
Guidelines for Soffit and Fascia Maintenance,
Repair, and Replacement
Encouraged
• Maintain and repair original wood soffits and fascias in accordance
with the guidelines for wood siding (Section D.1.2).
• Replace severely deteriorated soffits and fascias with new wood to
match profiles, shapes, and color of the original
Acceptable
Roof
• Retrofit small circular soffit vents or narrow aluminum vents in
existing wood soffits to provide attic ventilation.
Discouraged
Fascia
Soffit
46
• Install aluminum or vinyl replacement materials that cover the
original historic detailing.
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
d
D. 5.3 Dormers
Dormers are projections in the roof slope that contain their own
walls, roofs, and windows. They provide additional space, light, and
ventilation to attic space or the upper floors of a home. Dormers
often contain roof shapes that replicate or complement those of the
main structure, and their size and forms are typically related to the
style and scale of the home.
Guidelines for Dormer Maintenance, Repair and Replacement
Encouraged
• Maintain and repair original dormers in accordance with the
guidelines for foundations and walls (D.1), roofs (D5.1) and soffits
and fascias (D5.2) in their original material, shape and trim.
• Replace severely deteriorated materials or construct replacement
dormers in-kind (i.e., the same in material, shape, size and trim).
Illustration D.21 - Shed dormer example
Photo D.21 - Eyebrow dormer example
Photo D.22 - Gabled dormer example
Illustration D.22 - Hipped dormer example
Acceptable
• Construct a new dormer that is consistent with the style and
materials of the home on the secondary or rear facades. New
dormers should match the roof style of the home.
Discouraged
• Construct new dormers that occupy more than 50 percent of the
slope of the roof on the primary facade (i.e., front or corner side
facade).
• Construct new dormers that distract from the style and materials
of the home.
• Construct new dormers on the primary facades where none existed
previously.
Internet Resource:
Old House Journal Web Site (http://www.oldhousejournal.com): Dormers, Bays
& Turrets.
Chapter D | Building Maintenance and Rehabilitation
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d
D.5.4 Skylights and Solar Panels
Skylights can provide natural sun lighting to an interior space. They
are most commonly found in the Prairie and Craftsman style homes
in Naperville.
Illustration D.23 - Acceptable - Skylight location
Skylight located
on rear elevation
of home
t)
(Rear)
ree
(St
Solar panels
for solar water
heating (solar
thermal) or
photovoltaics
(Front)
Photovoltaic panels, commonly referred to as solar panels, are used
to convert solar energy into electricity. They are most often placed
on the roof of a structure. To get the most effective use from solar
panels, they must face south and be angled slightly (up to 30 degrees)
to receive the sun’s energy.
Guidelines for Skylight and Solar Panel
Maintenance, Repair and Replacement
Sometimes skylights are difficult to access for repair, and it is common
to find poorly repaired, leaky skylights. The work to restore these
old skylights often involves repairing and sometimes re-designing
structural elements. In addition, this may also involve repair and/or
replacement of the glass, flashings, structural members, and sealants.
Encouraged
• Maintain and repair skylights if original to the home. Consult a
professional since these are often difficult to access.
• If existing skylights are damaged beyond repair, install new
replacement skylights that match size and style of original skylights.
• Add new skylights and solar panels to the secondary or rear
facades of the home not facing streets. New skylights or solar
panels should be flat or flush with the roof line, not convex or
“bubble” designs.
• Add new skylights or solar panels behind gables or dormers.
Photo D.23 - Skylight facing side yard - 106 S. Columbia Street
48
Discouraged
• Add new skylights or solar panels that do not follow the roof line,
thereby detracting from the original character of the home.
• Install new skylights or solar panels on the primary facades.
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
d
D.5.5 Gutters and Downspouts
Gutters work together with downspouts to direct water and melting
snow away from the home. The placement and style of gutters on
historic homes varies greatly. Most historic gutters are made of copper
and galvanized steel. “K” style gutters were quite common on Colonial
Revival homes. This style of gutter was intended to be placed on the
flat vertical edge of the roof, or fascia.
Half-round
“K” style
Illustration D.24 - Gutter profiles
Illustration D.25 - Downspout profiles
Guidelines for Gutter and Downspout
Maintenance, Repair and Replacement
Gutters should be checked seasonally, especially in the fall and spring
months, to ensure that a build-up of leaves and other organic matter
has not occurred. A build-up of leaves could cause water to back flow
underneath the roofing material and damage the sheathing.
Encouraged
• Maintain and repair original gutters and downspouts rather than
replace them if possible.
• Provide a minimum of 5’ extension at bottom of the downspout
to divert water away from the foundation.
• Locate gutters and downspouts away from significant architectural
features on the primary façades of the home.
• Replace gutters and downspouts with materials matching the size,
profile, and material of original gutters and downspouts.
• Regularly clean gutters and keep them free of leaves and debris.
Photo D.24 - Typical gutter styles in the
Historic District
Discouraged
• Install new gutters and downspouts that result in removal of or
damage to the architectural features of the home.
• Install exposed gutters to replace built-in gutters.
• Install vinyl or PVC gutters and downspouts.
Photo D.25 - Discouraged - PVC gutter
and downspout with metal soffit
Photo D.26 - Encouraged - downspout extensions - 125 N. Ellsworth Street
Chapter D | Building Maintenance and Rehabilitation
49
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D.5.6 Roof Railings and Balustrades
Roof railings and balustrades are a decorative feature on many of the
historic homes in Naperville and they are not readily accessible from
the interior of the home. They can sometimes be found on the Colonial Revival and Queen Anne style homes.
Photo D.27 - Wrought
iron roof railings - 7 N.
Wright Street
Guidelines for Roof Railing and Balustrade
Repair and Replacement
Maintenance,
Encouraged
• Maintain the original wood or wrought iron railings.
• Replace only damaged and deteriorated portions rather than the
entire railing or balustrade.
• Replace missing pieces or damaged portions with materials
matching the original in design, material, dimension, and detailing.
Acceptable
• Replace the entire railings and balusters with materials matching
the original in design, material, dimension and detailing.
Discouraged
• Remove original roof balusters and railings.
• Replace roof balusters and railings with solid wall.
Photo D.28 - Wood roof railings - 28 S. Loomis Street
Internet Resource:
Refer to Preservation Brief #4 - Roofing for Historic Buildings for additional
information.
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Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
d
D.5.7 Satellite Dishes and Antennas
Satellite dishes and antennas are non-historic features that are frequently
added to homes today. These features generally require a clear view of
the southwest sky to receive a clear signal.
The size of modern residential satellite dishes ranges from 18” - 20” in
diameter and may continue to get smaller. However, locating the dishes
out of direct public view is still important in order not to detract from the
historic character of the home. Additional regulations for satellite dishes
and antennas are contained in Section 6-13 of the Zoning Ordinance
Guidelines for Satellite Dish and Antenna Placement
(Rear)
Satellite dish
Encouraged
• Install satellite dishes and antennas on garages or accessory buildings.
• Install satellite dishes no more than 20” in size on the secondary or
rear facades of the home.
(Front)
(St
reet
)
Discouraged
• Place satellite dishes or antennas on primary facades of the home.
• Install larger freestanding dishes and antennas in the front yard.
(Front)
Illustration D.26 - Encouraged satellite dish placement
Photo D.29 - Encouraged satellite dish placement
Chapter D | Building Maintenance and Rehabilitation
51
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D.6 Porches
While porches may be found on all facades of historic homes in
Naperville, front porches play a key role in defining the characteristics
of the homes. They provide a formal connection between the house
and the street and often contain decorative details. Porches may be
constructed of various materials including stone, brick, concrete,
metal, and wood. Not all historic homes have original front porches.
Photo D.30 - Italianate style residence with
stoop
Photo D.31 - Queen Anne style residence with
wrap-around porch
Photo D.32 - American Foursquare style
residence with Colonial Revival columned porch
Photo D.33 - American Foursquare style
residence with typical porch
D.6.1 Porch Styles
Porch styles vary in Naperville depending on the overall style of the
home. Almost always, the detailing used in the design of the porch
is also found on the home and is meant to complement the overall
design.
Illustration D.29 - Craftsman enclosed porch example
Illustration D.27 - Craftsman open style stoop
52
Illustration D.28 - Greek Revival style stoop
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
d
D.6.2 Porch Components
Typically, a porch consists of the following components: supporting
columns, decking, stairs, railing (including hand rails, posts, and
balusters), skirting and a roof.
• Columns - Historic porch columns in Naperville are often
constructed of wood or brick, although there are several examples
of precast concrete columns and columns clad with stucco.
• Railings - Railings are usually constructed of wood; however, a
few examples of cast iron railings do exist in Naperville. They
typically consist of handrails, posts and balusters. Some residences
do not have railings at all around their porches; instead they have
solid porch walls with a cap. These walls are also historic, and are
generally the same height as the typical wood railings that enclose
the porches. Historic railings are typically 30 inches in height. The
2006 edition of the International Building Code requires porch
railings to be taller on decks 30 inches above the ground, which
may alter the appearance of historic porches. A solution is to build
the porch floor less than 30 inches above ground so that a railing
with an appropriate height can be installed.
Roofing
Column
Railing
Floor
Skirting
Steps
Photo D.34 - Porch Components - 5 N. Sleight Street
Illustration D.30 - Porch Column Styles
• Skirting - Skirting boards are used to screen open areas in the
foundation underneath a porch. They are typically constructed of
wood and sometimes repeat the pattern and design of the railings
directly above.
• Roofs - Porch roofs in the historic areas of Naperville most
commonly employ materials and forms similar to the main
structure. Porch roof pitch varies based on the style of home.
• Ceiling and Flooring - Ceilings and flooring of most porches in
Naperville are constructed of wood. Beadboards are typically used
on ceilings. They are mostly 1” x 6” wood boards that have routed
details to create the look of narrow strips. Flooring is typically
constructed of plain 1” x 4” or 1” x 6” tongue and groove wood
boards.
Colonial or Greek
Revival column
Queen Anne column
at 8 N. Sleight
Street
American Foursquare
column at 12 S. Loomis Street
Italianate column
at 22 S. Ellsworth
Street
Chapter D | Building Maintenance and Rehabilitation
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Illustration D.31 - Historic District Skirting Styles
• Staircases and Steps - As with other elements of a historic porch,
staircases and steps are also related to the overall style of the
home. Wooden steps are common features on Queen Anne,
Stick, American Foursquare, and many of the Vernacular
style homes. Masonry steps or cast-in-place concrete are
more commonly found on Greek Revival, Italianate, Colonial
Revival, Prairie, and Craftsman/ Bungalow style homes.
Guidelines for Porch Maintenance, Repair and Replacement
Encouraged
Illustration D.32 - Historic District Railing Styles
Gable “L” Wood railing style at 224 N.
Ellsworth Street
Queen Anne Cottage Wood railing style at 22
N. Sleight
Queen Anne Wood railing style at 130 S.
Sleight Street
54
• Maintain and repair all components of an original or historic
porch. The porch design, materials and detailing should be
preserved.
• If replacement of porch features is required, replace only the
deteriorated or damaged components of the porch to closely
match the original in scale, dimension, style, design, and
material and with the same details if possible. Use of treated
lumber is strongly encouraged to increase the durability of the
replacement wood.
• If the original porch is missing, construct a new porch based
upon photographic or physical evidence. If such evidence does
not exist, base the design upon historic porches of similar
dwellings from the same time period and architectural style.
The style, layout and design of a new porch should always
be consistent with the house. Incorporate steps of the same
material as the porch floor (e.g., porches with wood floors
should also have steps made of wood, not concrete or brick).
• Incorporate wood tongue and groove flooring that runs
perpendicular to the façade, if the porch floor is made of wood.
• Fill the open areas in the foundation with decorative wood
framed skirting, vertical slats, or lattice skirting panels that are
appropriate to the style of the house. Skirting panels should be
placed within frames and should not touch the ground or be
nailed to the surface of the foundation.
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
d
Acceptable
• When building new or replacing damaged existing porch
components, select replacement material from the following list: * Porch columns: wood, plaster, concrete, stucco (as a coating material), or fiberglass
* Railing: wood or original materials.
* Skirting: wood or original materials.
* Ceiling: wood or original materials.
* Flooring: wood, plastic or wood sawdust composite lumber, or mineral composite HPDE plastic.
* Roof: asphalt shingles or original materials.
* Trim: wood, fiber cement or polyurethane trim.
* Staircase and step: consistent with the material of the porch floor.
• Match replacement porch components to the original in dimensions,
style, design and detail.
• Construct new porches that are appropriate to the style and period
of the home in overall design and scale.
Illustration D.33 - Porch Components
Column
Pilaster
Porch wall
American Foursquare at 136 N.
Columbia Street
Gable “L” Porch Wall at 32 S.
Sleight Street
Discouraged
• Construct a new porch where none existed originally or that is not
typical of the home’s archictural style.
• Enclose open porches.
• Introduce modern designs or materials (other than those under the
acceptable list) of any porch component.
• Modify the original porch design.
• Construct new or replacement porches that do not relate to the
scale and style of the home.
• Introduce brick or concrete staircases and steps if not original to
the structure.
Photo D.35 - Beadboard ceiling example
Photo D.36 - Brick steps and porch wall example - 26 N.
Columbia Street
Photo D.37 - Wood steps, railings, and skirting example - 142 N.
Ellsworth Street
Chapter D | Building Maintenance and Rehabilitation
55
d
D.7 Existing Garages
Naperville Examples - Garages and Accessory Buildings
Garages evolved from carriage or coach houses, which were originally
used to stable horses, and store buggies and carriages. From the
1900s on, single-story garages became more prevalent as a shelter for
storing automobiles. Most historic garages in Naperville are detached
structures accessed from alleys and are typically constructed with the
same materials and detailing as the main house.
Guidelines for Garage Maintenance, Repair and Replacement
Encouraged
Photo D.38 - Original carriage house converted
to garage - 219 N. Brainard Street
Photo D.40- Craftsman style brick garage 105 S. Columbia Street
Photo D.39 - Wood clad garage - 104 S. Ellsworth Street
Photo D.41 - Orginal wood panel garage doors
- 423 E. Chicago Avenue
• Maintain and repair original garage materials, doors and details
to the greatest extent possible in accordance with the guidelines
contained in other sections of Chapter D.
• If windows are necessary, install windows that are simple in design
with clear glass. Muntins in a simple design may also be used.
• Replace garage and access doors with ones that are appropriate
to the style of house and with the same materials as the original.
Raised paneled designs and solid core wood is recommended.
• Maintain original driveways accessed from the alley or change
existing driveway access from the street to from the alley.
Acceptable
• Relocate a driveway or add driveway access from an alley or from
a side street (i.e. a street adjacent to the corner side yard of a lot).
• Maintain the existing street access.
• Solid metal garage doors are acceptable as long as they are
compatible with the style of the house and include raised panels.
Discouraged
• Add new driveway access from the front street (i.e. a street adjacent
to the front yard of a lot).
• Construct an attached garage.
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Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
d
Without some infiltration, condensation problems could occur
throughout the building. Reducing air infiltration should be the
first priority in improving a home’s energy performance. The cost
is low, little skill is required, and the benefits are substantial. See
Section D.2 Windows and Storm Windows, and D.3 Doors and
Storm Doors for more information about weatherization for
windows and doors.
D.8. Energy Efficient Improvements
D.8.1 Energy-Efficient Features
of Historic Buildings
Historic buildings are inherently energy-efficient. Studies by the
Energy Research and Development Administration show that buildings
constructed before 1940 require less energy consumption for heating
and cooling than houses built during the subsequent 35 years. Some
features of historic buildings that contribute to their energy efficiency
include:
• Gable vents that help to keep attics dry.
• Heavy masonry walls that provide a thermal barrier to reduce heat
loss and gain of the home.
• Operable windows that allow for natural light and ventilation.
• Exterior balconies, porches, and wide roof overhangs that provide
shade during summer months.
• Exterior shutters and interior blinds and drapes that provide
insulation and a draft barrier in the winter and shade in the summer.
Although not all historic buildings have these features, it is important
for homeowners to understand the inherent energy saving qualities of
their historic homes and to maintain and use these original features as
the first step to conserve energy.
• Insulation- The International Building Code recommended R-value
for insulation in new homes is R-21 for walls and R-49 for ceilings.
Insulation upgrades may be considered if the insulation R-value
for a historic home is significantly below this value. For most
historic dwellings the attic and basement areas are traditional
locations for the addition of insulation. Heat rising through the
attic and roof is a major source of heat loss. Adding insulation
in accessible attic spaces is very effective in saving energy and is
generally accomplished at a reasonable cost, requiring little skill
to install. The most common attic insulations include blankets of
fiberglass and mineral wool, blown-in cellulose (treated with boric
acid only), blowing wool, vermiculite, and blown fiberglass. If the
attic is unheated (not used for habitation), then the insulation is
placed between the floor joists with the vapor barrier facing down.
Substantial heat is also lost through cold basements and crawl
spaces. This may be significantly more cumbersome than adding
attic insulation because of the excessive moisture that is often
present in these areas. One must ensure that insulation is properly
installed for the specific location. For instance, in crawl spaces
and certain unheated basements, the insulation is generally placed
between the first floor joists (the ceiling of the basement) with the
vapor barrier facing up.
Adding wall insulation in wood frame buildings can be difficult
without causing damage to historic finishes. The higher costs
of installing insulation into wall cavities can also be an obstacle.
However, when wall spaces are exposed during remodeling,
insulation can be added to meet the building code R-value. Damage
to exterior wall surfaces should be minimized during installation.
D.8.2 Weatherization
Weatherization is the act of weather-proofing your home to improve
thermal performance of the building. Insulation and reduction of air
infiltration are the primary means to weather-proof a home.
• Air infiltration reduction- Substantial heat loss occurs because cold
outside air infiltrates the building through loose or ill-fitting
windows, doors, and cracks in the outside shell of the building.
Adding weather-stripping to doors and windows, and caulking of
open cracks and joints will substantially reduce air infiltration. Care
should be taken not to reduce infiltration to the point where the
building is completely sealed and moisture migration is prevented.
Chapter D | Building Maintenance and Rehabilitation
57
d
Guidelines for Energy Efficiency
Encouraged
Photo D.42 - Installation of sprayed cellulose
insulation
Photo D.43 - Installation of insulation
blanket over sprayed cellulose insulation
Internet Resources:
• For more information on home energy audits, refer to City of
Naperville’s web site at http://www.naperville.il.us or the U.S.
Department of Energy web site at http://www.energysavers.gov/your_
home/energy_audits/index.cfm/.
• Refer to the U.S. Department of Energy web site at http://www.
energysavers.gov for information on federal tax credits and programs
for energy efficient improvments.
• Provide a tight air seal by weather-stripping, caulking, and repairing
cracks that could let in air.
• Maintain historic elements that contribute to energy efficiency
such as overhangs, awnings, and windows.
• Take advantage of natural daylight through windows and doors
instead of interior artificial lighting when possible.
• Use operable windows for cross ventilation and ceiling fans instead
of cooling systems when possible.
• Replace air filters regularly.
• Keep interior humidity at a low level to avoid moisture damage and
promote good indoor air quality. Provide vents in high moisture
spaces, such as bathrooms and laundry rooms.
• Vent kitchen range hoods to the outside and do not let the air be
recirculated into the living space.
• Make sure fireplaces and chimneys are vented correctly and cleaned
regularly.
• For additional information on installing solar panels on
historic homes, refer to the CalFinders web site at http://solar.
calfinder.com/blog/going/considering-solar-panels-on-historical-homes/.
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Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
E
New Construction
A. How to use this
manual
B. Naperville’s History
C. Residential Architectural Styles
D. Building
Maintenance and
Rehabilitation
E. New Construction
e.1 decks
e.2 handicapped access ramps
e.3 Residential additions (new rooms)
e.4 New Residential buildings
E.5 New Garages
F. Fences, Landscape and
Setting
G. Institutional
Buildings
H. Appendices
Photo E.1 - Example of new infill construction; historic home (left); new construction (right); Ridgeland-Oak Park Historic District, Oak Park, Illinois
59
e
Outdoor decks are generally uncovered wooden floored structures with
a railed perimeter that is attached to the exterior of a home. Decks
are not considered historic features as they did not come into wide use
until the more recent past. Historically, the front or side porch served
similar functions. Decks should be placed on a rear façade where
not readily visible from the street. Homeowners looking for a more
appropriate alternative should consider a stone or brick patio. Patios
create a similar outdoor sitting area at the grade level, without altering
the historic residence.
(St
reet
)
E.1 Decks
(Front)
Guidelines for Deck Placement and Design
Encouraged
• Where feasible consider a patio instead of a deck; use appropriately
designed stairs for access from doorway height to ground level.
• Construct decks of wood.
• Locate decks on the rear façades of the homes where they are not
readily visible from the street.
• Apply finish (paint or stain) to decking materials to blend with the
colors of the residence.
• Employ simple designs for decks. Use traditional style railings and
balusters complimentary to the style of the residence.
(Rear)
Illustration E.1 - Encouraged - Location for new deck
Acceptable
• Construct new decks using the following acceptable materials:
◊ New decks constructed with wood or incorporating original
materials.
◊ Flooring constructed with wood, wood sawdust composite
lumber, or mineral composite HPDE plastic.
◊ Staircases and steps constructed with the same materials as
the porch floor.
Discouraged
Photo E.2. - Acceptable - Wood railing
• Decks constructed on a home’s primary facades.
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Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
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E.2 Handicapped Access Ramps
Photo E.3 - Enccouraged
- Compatible wood ramp
with standard lumber
Sometimes a handicapped access ramp may be needed to provide another means of access into the house for those who are ill or have disabilities. These ramps are typically constructed to the required slope
(1:12 or greater). As a non-historic feature, the preferred location of
handicapped access ramps is at the rear or secondary facades of dwellings. Their designs should complement the material, style, and character of the residence.
Guidelines for Ramp Placement and Design
Encouraged
• Install handicapped access ramps at the rear or secondary façades
of a home.
• Construct ramps in such a way that original historic materials are
not damaged or removed. Consider any adverse impacts that
future ramp removal may have, including original building features,
materials, and other character-defining elements.
• Construct ramps that blend with the historic character of the
residence in material, style, and scale.
Acceptable
Photo E.4 - Acceptable - Wood baluster style ramp with customized lumber
Internet Resource:
Review Preservation Brief #32 - Making Historic Properties Accessible from the
National Park Services web page at http://www.nps.gov/hps/tps/briefs/presbhom.
Chapter E | New Construction
• If it is necessary to add a ramp on the primary facade of a home,
construct the ramp with wood and with a traditional design to
match the original porch design in material, style, and dimensions
if feasible. Installation of pre-manufactured steel ramps on the
primary facade of the home should generally be avoided. However,
if necessary, they should be installed in such a way that they can be
removed in the future without damaging historic building materials.
• Install wheelchair lifts on the secondary and rear facades of the
homes.
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E.3 Residential Additions (New Rooms)
Many of Naperville’s historic buildings have been expanded through
room additions over the years. Additions were built to add more
livable space, make the building more functional, or accommodate
changes in building systems and technology. New additions should
be compatible with the original building and the character of the
neighborhood. Compatibility is achieved through careful consideration
of the following factors: placement, style and design, scale, materials
and massing.
Illustration E.2 - New Addition Style
Discouraged - The new addition (shaded) is on the primary facade of the home and does not reflect
the style and massing of the historic home
(Rear)
• Placement - Additions should be built so they will have minimal
impact on the building’s overall character. The rears of dwellings
are the best locations for the addition of rooms, wings, porches,
or decks. Additions should also comply with zoning setback
requirements.
• Style and Design - Additions should generally be designed in the
same architectural style as the original building. Specifically,
additions should be consistent with the original building in their
roof shape, window and door design, location, and dimensions,
and the overall proportion or form of the building. However,
the exact duplication of historic details and ornamentation on the
original house is generally discouraged to ensure that the evolution
of the building can be seen and that a false historic building is
not created. When the original building incorporates elements of
several styles due to multiple previous additions, it is recommended
that the addition employ the most prominent style.
• Scale - Scale is the apparent size of a building in relationship to
its neighbors as well as the relative size of building elements (e.g.,
windows, doors, cornices and other features) to each other and
to the building as a whole. A new addition should not overpower
the existing building in its massing and should always correspond
in scale to the existing building.
• Materials - The materials used for foundations, walls, windows,
roofs, details and other elements of historic houses should be
respected in the design of an addition. If the existing building is
62
(Front)
(Street)
Illustration E.3 - New Addition Massing and Scale
Encouraged - Adding dormers is an alternative
to building second story additions. Dormers
can create additional usable space by increasing
the head room height in the existing attic
Discouraged - Large second or third story
additions destroy the original character of a
home by changing the existing roof profile and
disrupting the original massing and scale
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
e
made of one predominant material, the new addition should use
the same material. If the building is composed of multiple materials
then the addition should stay within the existing palette. The size,
texture, surface finish and other details of existing materials are
equally important. For example, if a house was originally made of
common brick, glazed or polished brick would not be appropriate
for the addition.
Illustration E.4 - New Addition Placement
(St
re
et)
(Front)
(Rear)
(Str
Guidelines for Room Additions
eet)
(Corner Side)
Encouraged
t)
Discouraged - Addition on the primary facade (i.e., street facing facade)
• Incorporate subtle differences between the addition and the
original building so that the addition is distinguishable from the
original.
• When it’s appropriate to the style, use dormers to increase interior
headroom height as opposed to raising the eave or ridge height of
the roof.
(Front)
(St
ree
• Massing - Massing or shape refers to the three-dimensional form
exhibited by a residence. Shapes are related to specific styles. The
massing for room additions should relate to the existing structure.
Acceptable
(Str
eet)
(Corner Side)
(Rear)
Encouraged - Addition on the rear facade
Internet Resource:
For zoning compliance of new additions, see Chapter 2, Section 6-2-26
(Tear Down/Infill Regulations) and Chapter 6 (Residential Districts) of the
Npaerville Municipal Code.
Chapter E | New Construction
• Construct new additions that are secondary (less prominent) than
the original building in scale, massing, placement and design.
• Locate new additions on the rear facade of a home. If a rear
addition is not feasible, an addition on the secondary facade is
acceptable when it is properly designed to complement the orginal
building without overpowering it. An addition on the secondary
facade should set back from the existing primary facade.
• Design new additions to respect the original building’s style and
materials, as well as window and door design, locations, dimensions,
and profiles.
• Design new additions to match the existing roof shape, pitch,
eave and ridge heights. If raising the eve and ridge heights is
necessary, the new building height should remain compatible with
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the predominant building height on the block.
• Construct additions with acceptable substitute materials as
provided in Chapter D: Building Rehabilitation and Maintenance.
Illustration E.5 - Roof Shapes
Discouraged - The new building is not compatible with the roof shapes of adjacent buildings
Discouraged
E.4 New Residential Buildings
Total demolition of the existing structure in order to accommodate a
new primary building is highly discouraged. Where a vacant lot already
exists, new construction of a primary building should be compatible with
neighboring houses or blend in the neighborhood through replication.
Compatibility entails reinforcing typical features that existing buildings
display along the block such as similar roof shapes, materials, window
and door sizes and placement, porch size and location, and foundation
heights. Replications are dwellings which are constructed to be exact
copies of historic building forms or architectural styles in the district.
It is important that new construction complement the dwellings found
along its specific block. A design that is appropriate along one block may
not work on another block. For example, a new dwelling compatible
with an American Foursquare design may not be appropriate for a
block where two-story Queen Anne architecture predominates and
vice versa.
• Style - To preserve the integrity of a historic neighborhood, any
new buildings must be carefully designed to maintain the style and
character of the block. A new building should always be compatible
with homes on the existing block. Compatibility is based on an
understanding of the principles used to design the existing buildings
as well as how those principles can be reinterpreted using today’s
64
New
Existing
Existing
Illustration E.6 - Roof Slope/Pitch
12
:12
• Additions on the primary facades of a home.
• Extensive removal of historic materials as a result of an addition.
• Additions that damage or destroy significant original architectural
features of the house.
• Additions that are of a different style than the original buildings.
X (RISE)
2
8:1 6:12
45 degree angle
Y (RUN)
Typical roof slopes in the Historic District
The rise over run diagram is used to
determine the roof slope/pitch.
Illustration E.7 - Scale
Discouraged - This example illustrates a new structure with proportions that do not reflect mass-
ing and scale from the adjacent homes. New structures should always follow the proportions and
scale of the existing residences on the block
Existing
New
Existing
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
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Illustration E.8 - Placement
Encouraged - Align new stoops and porches with those of neighboring homes. Also, new homes
should have detached garages
(Alley
)
materials and construction techniques. The best way to think about
a compatible new building is as a good neighbor that enhances
the character of the historic block by respecting style and context.
Windows, doors, decorative elements, roof shapes and materials
all have a direct impact on the style of a home. Refer to Chapters
C & D for more information on styles and building materials.
• Scale - Scale is the apparent size of a building in relationship to
its neighbors as well as the relative size of building elements (e.g.,
windows, doors, cornices and other features) to each other and to
the building as a whole. New construction should not exceed the
predominant building height of the residences on the block by
more than one-half story.
• Massing - Massing or shape refers to the three-dimensional form
exhibited by a residence. Massing is related to specific styles. The
massing for new residential buildings should relate to the existing
residences on the block.
(Stree
t)
Illustration E.9 - Foundation Height
Encouraged - The foundation height of the new building should remain consistent with the existing
historic residences on the blocks
• Placement - Placement refers to the orientation of a new structure
and its setback (distance away from the street) as compared to
the surrounding buildings on the block. The placement of a new
building should be consistent with the predominant orientation and
setbacks of the historic residences on the block. New buildings
should also comply with zoning setback requirements.
• Materials - Materials and the way they are used on a home are
almost always indicative of the style. Material selection used on
a new residence should be guided by the historic buildings on its
particular block.
Existing
New
Chapter E | New Construction
Existing
• Foundation height - The foundation height of a new building should
be similar to the foundation height of the residences found
on the block. Along the primary facade the foundation height
should never vary, but increases or decreases in foundation height
along the secondary and rear facades are allowable if required to
follow the sloping grade.
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Guidelines for New Residential Buildings
Acceptable
• Style - The style of a new residential building should relate to the
historic residences located on the same block. For example, if the
proposed location for the new home is on a block where many
Queen Anne style homes exist, the style of the new home should
be Queen Anne. A new home should embody a single architectural
style.
• Scale - New residential buildings should not vary by more than onehalf story from the predominant building height of the typical
residences on the block.
• Massing - The overall forms and shapes of new residential buildings
should relate to the existing residences on the block. The
articulation of the building facades through the use of dormers,
towers, as well as facade projections (porches, stoops, and bays)
should be used to reflect the dominant residential styles and shapes
that exist on the block.
• Placement - The porch or stoop of a new residence should align
with the porch or stoop of existing residences along the block.
If these features don’t exist in the style, the primary facade of
the new residence should align with the predominant street facing
facades along the block.
Discouraged
• Total demolition of the existing structure in order to accommodate
a new primary building.
•
• Style - Using styles that do not relate to the existing residence style
used on the block, or blending more than one distinct architectural
style.
• Scale - Creating a residence that is out of scale, height and proportion
to residences on the block.
• Massing - Use of forms and shapes that do not reference the
forms used on the historic block.
• Placement - New residential buildings that do not align with the
existing historic structures along the street.
• Materials - Refer to Chapter D: Building Maintenance and
Rehabilitation for discouraged materials.
Internet Resource
For zoning compliance of new residential buildings, see Naperville
Muncipal Code, Chapter 2, Section 6-2-26 (Tear Down/Infill Regulations)
and Chapter 6, Section 6-6C (R2 District).
• Roof Shapes - Use roof slopes/pitches that are appropriate to the
style of the new residential building and match those found on
historic residences on the block.
• Materials - Refer to Chapter D: Building Maintenance and
Rehabilitation regarding appropriate materials for new residential
buildings.
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Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
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E.5 New Garages
In general, garages in Naperville’s historic neighborhoods should be
detached and be located at the rear of a lot. Access to garages should
be achieved through the alley, except for garages on corner lots that
can have access onto the secondary (corner side) street. If there is
no alley, then a driveway to the garage could be constructed between
the house and one of its neighbors. Freestanding garages should be
simple and reflect or relate to the overall character of the house.
Guidelines for New Garages
Encouraged
• Locate new garages behind the primary structure at the rear of a
lot.
• New garages should use building materials that are similar to
or compatible with the primary structure in accordance with
guidelines contained within Chapter D: Building Rehabilitation
and Maintenance, Section D.1: Foundations and Walls, and Section
D.7: Garages.
• New garages should be compatible in style, size, roof profile and
details to the primary structure.
• Maintain original driveway access from the alley or change existing
driveway access from the street to from the alley.
Photo E.5 - Queen Anne style residence with new detached garage that have access onto the
corner side street - 5 N. Columbia Street
Acceptable
• Relocate a driveway or add driveway access from an alley or a side
street (i.e. a street adjacent to a corner side yard of a lot).
• Maintain the existing street access.
Discouraged
• Add new driveway access from the front street (i.e. a street adjacent
to the front yard of a lot).
• Construct an attached garage.
Chapter E | New Construction
67
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F
Fences, Landscape and Setting
A. How to use this
manual
B. Naperville’s History
C. Residential Architectural Styles
D. Building
Maintenance and
Rehabilitation
E. New Construction
F. Fences, Landscape
and Setting
F.1 Overview
F.3 Landscape Features
F.2 Fences
F.4 Sidewalks and
Paths
G. Institutional
Buildings
H. Appendices
Photo F.1 - Queen Anne style residence - 427 E. Chicago Avenue
69
F
F.1 Overview
This chapter addresses the areas located between the building and
the adjacent streets, which are commonly referred to as the front and
corner side yards. Improvements in the front and corner side yards
such as fences, walls, gates, trees, bushes, lawns and other landscape
features collectively play a significant role in defining the character of
the historic building and its street, block, and neighborhood.
F.2 Fences
Wood picket and ornamental iron fences were common fence styles
constructed in historic neighborhoods in Naperville prior to the
1900s, especially for High Style Italianate and Queen Anne homes.
They were primarily used to delineate lot lines, hold animals and pets,
as well as serve as landscape features that complemented the home’s
architecture. After 1900, fences were less common as building trends
favored open lawns to promote neighborhood green space, although
privately owned. However, in succeeding decades, rear-yard privacy
fences started to screen one’s property from public view. These nonhistoric fences are typically acceptable along the interior side and rear
lot lines of the property in compliance with the zoning setback and
height requirements. However, fences facing the street in the front or
corner side yards should be designed and placed appropriately to be
compatible with the architectural style and overall setting of the house.
Privacy fences that face the street but set back to align with a home’s
back corner or rear elevation are acceptable as long as architectural
features on the primary facades of the home are not blocked from
street veiw.
Guidelines for Fences
Photo F.2 - Ornamental metal fence example
Photo F.3 - Wood picket fence example
Balustrade
Picket
Ornamental Metal
Ornamental Metal
Illustration F.1 - Acceptable - Open fence types facing a street
Split Rail
Shadow Box
Basket Weave
Chain Link
Encouraged - Fences Anywhere on the Lot
• Maintain fences and gates that are original to a historic home.
• Maintain existing wood picket and wrought iron fences. In general,
both wood and wrought iron fences should be routinely painted,
rust removed and deteriorated pickets replaced in kind with similar
picket profile and material.
70
Illustration F.2 - Discouraged - fence types facing a street
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
F
Illustration F.3 - Acceptable - Fence Placement and Types
Privacy fence in the interior side yards and
rear yards that are no more than 6’ in
height.
y)
lle
(A
(Si
dew
alk
)
(S
tre
(St
ree
t)
et)
Open fence facing the street that is one of the acceptable fence types as
shown in Illustration F.1. Fences located behind the corner side yard
setback line can be up to 6’ in height.
Open fence facing the street that is one of the
acceptable fence types as shown in Illustration
F.1. Fences located behind the front yard
setback line can be up to 6’ in height.
Chapter F | Fences, Landscape and Setting
71
F
• Remove non-historic privacy fences or fences that are not one of
the acceptable types.
Discouraged - Fences Facing the Street (see Illustrations F.1 - F.4)
• Fences that do not comply with the zoning setback and height
requirements.
• Non-historic style fences such as stockade, shadow box, basketweave, chain link and concrete block fences facing the street.
• Fences constructed of aluminum, vinyl or plastic.
• Solid privacy fences from the front corners or front elevations of
a historic home.
• Fence gates that swing into the public sidewalks.
72
(S
tre
e
t)
ide
wa
lk
(S
• Install fences in compliance with the zoning setback and height
requirements as set forth in Section 6-2-12 (Fences) of the
Municipal Code.
• Install new or replacement fences that are open picket, or balustrade
style fences in wood, wrought iron, and galvanized steel. Cedar
and pressure-treated pine are preferred for wood fences.
• Install new or replacement picket style fences with corner and
gate posts that are at least 5” wide and taller than the fence
pickets. Pickets should be no more than 5”-6” wide and have a
flat or specially shaped picket top such as a ball or spear shape. A
balustrade style fence can have a flat or lattice top but with fence
posts topped with a finial or decorative cap.
• Where fences cross a private driveway or walkway, install gate posts
with gates that swing into the driveway, not onto the sidewalk or
parkway.
)
Acceptable - Fences Facing the Street (see Illustrations F.1 - F.4)
Illustration F.4 - Acceptable - Open fence in the front yard that is one of the acceptable fence types
as shown in Illustration F.1. Fences that are at least 30% open and no more than 4’ in height
can be located beyond the front yard and corner side yard setback lines per the Zoning Ordinance.
Internet Resource:
Chapter 2, Section 6-2-12 (Fences) of the Naperville Municipal Code sets
forth the following height and setback requirements for fences in
residential districts:
• No fences shall be more than 6’ in height.
• Solid fences that are more than 3’ in height shall be place behind
the front setback (25’ in the R2 District) and corner side setback
(15’ in the R2 District).
• Fences that are at least 30% open and no more than 4’ in height
can be installed up to any lot line.
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
F
F.3 Landscape Features
Many mature trees and plantings exist in the historic neighborhoods
in Naperville. They are irreplaceable assets to these neighborhoods as
they enhance the overall character of the streets and properties as well
as providing shade and reducing stormwater run-off. Proper care will
help ensure they live as long a life as possible.
Guidelines for Landscape Features
Encouraged
Photo F.4 - Mature trees and plantings enhance the character of streets and properties - Columbia Street block, north of Franklin Avenue
• Preserve existing trees whenever feasible.
• Prune existing trees on a regular basis so that they do not obscure
or damage a house or other structure, or block a sidewalk. A
forester or arborist should be consulted to determine the health,
species and safety issues related to caring for mature trees.
• Consider installing landscaping at appropriate locations in the
front yard where it does not obscure the building’s architecture.
• Install native plant material and perennial plantings to provide
visual interest and color in all seasons.
• Install outdoor light fixtures to provide subdued lighting.
• Maintain retaining walls that are part of the original landscape
design of a historic building whenever feasible.
• Construct new retaining walls with natural materials such as cut
stone, cobblestones, or brick masonry that are no more than three
or four courses high (two to four feet).
• Incorporate small retaining walls where steps are constructed
across steeply-sloped yards.
Photo F.5 - Encouraged - Retaining walls with Photo F.6 - Encouraged - Retaining walls three
natural stone
courses high with artificial stone
Chapter F | Fences, Landscape and Setting
73
F
F.4 Sidewalks and Pathways
In general, sidewalks and pathways constructed of original brick or
stone pavers should be retained as part of the overall design and
character of a historic house. If rehabilitation and reconstruction is
necessary, brick and concrete paving materials are suitable and can
last for a number of years if properly maintained. Brick pavers are
often made in specially formed molds that give the brick its antique
appearance. Concrete pavers can be impregnated with sealers against
water infiltration. Both concrete and brick pavers are available in many
styles and price points.
Guidelines for Sidewalks and Pathways
Encouraged
• Preserve sidewalks and pathways that are part of the original
design of a historic building.
• Replace existing sidewalks with natural cut stone or brick pavers.
Cultured stone, scored or exposed aggregate concrete that mimic a
natural stone can also be used for sidewalk materials.
74
Photo F.7 - Encouraged - Special paver material replicating brick
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
G
Institutional Buildings
A. How to use this
manual
B. naperville’s history
C. rESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURAL sTYLES
D. Building
Maintenance and
Rehabilitation
E. new construction
f. Fences, Landscape and
Setting
G. Institutional
Buildings
G.1 architectural styles
g.2 maintenance
and
rehabilitation
G.3 Additions
and New Institional
buildings
G.4 handicapped access Ramps
H. Appendices
Photo G.1 - Second Empire style building - Old Main at 30 N. Brainard Street, North Central College
75
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G.1. Architectural Styles
There are a number of non-residential historic buildings
in Naperville associated with business, religious, and
educational institutions. This chapter primarily addresses
institutional buildings found within the downtown area,
including North Central College facilities, churches and
schools. These buildings are an important and unique
component of the historic neighborhood as they are
often architecturally more distinctive and prominent than
the surrounding residential structures. These buildings
represent different architectural styles including Second
Empire, Neoclassical/Georgian Revival, Collegiate Gothic,
and Contemporary.
Photo G.2 - Second Empire
style building - Old Main
at 30 N. Brainard Street,
North Central College
Second Empire (1855-1885)
The architects used by Napoleon III to rebuild Paris during
France’s “Second Empire” created this style as part of
the Picturesque movement that looked to the romantic
past for inspiration. The squared roof line, developed by
Francois Mansart (known as a Mansard roof) was not only
aesthetically pleasing, but also practical as it allowed for the
addition of a much-needed functional story.
4
3
Typical attributes
2
• Stories: Two to three
• Building form: Institutional building, town house or single family home.
1
Illustration G.1 - Second Empire style building - Old Main at 30 N. Brainard Street, North Central College
76 1.
2.
3.
4.
Windows: Tall and narrow double hung, elaborate surrounds
Ornamentation: Decorative brackets and/or ironwork
Siding: Brick and stone for institutional buildings, wood bevel and wood shingles for homes.
Roof: Patterned shingle, Mansard roof with straight, flaired, and concave shapes; elaborate dormers.
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
g
Neoclassical/Georgian Revival (1885-1950)
The Neoclassical and Georgian Revival styles borrowed
elements from earlier Greek and Colonial Revival
architectural styles from the early to mid 1800s. It was
the 1893 World Columbian Exposition in Chicago that
propelled both styles into the forefront of civic and
institutional design, which dominated college campuses
and governmental buildings well into the 1950s. Elements
of the Neoclassical style include columns, sculptural friezes
and pediments. Columned porticos, elaborate cornices
and stone quoins are characteristics of Georgian Revival
buildings.
Photo G.3 - Georgian Revival style building Carnegie Hall at 10 N. Brainard Street, North
Central College
Photo G.4 - Neoclassical Revival style building Pfeiffer Hall at 310 E. Benton Avenue, North
Central College
Typical attributes
• Stories: Two, three and four
• Building form: Massed plan, sub-types: full-height
entrance porch, full-façade portico or porch
• Roof: Flat or low-pitched hip roof, roof-line balustrades,
dormers in Classical style
1. Windows: Rectangular (sometimes arched) with doublehung sashes, symmetrical, multi-paned
2. Ornamentation: Decorative pediments, brackets,
cantilevered wall extensions, masonry columns and
quoins, botanic garlands, rosettes, trim and brackets
3. Siding: Brick and masonry
2
1
3
Illustration G.2 - Georgian Revival style building - Carnigie Hall at 10 N. Brainard Street, North
Central College
Chapter G | Institutional Buildings
77
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Photo G.5 - Collegiate Gothic Revival style building Kiekhofer Hall at 329 School Street, North Central
College
Photo G.6 - Gothic Revival style building - MeileySwallow Hall at 31 S. Ellsworth Street, North
Central College (outside of the Historic District)
Collegiate Gothic (1880’S – 1920’s)
Collegiate Gothic is derived from medieval Gothic
architecture and was often employed in academic settings
drawing on Gothic style buildings from Cambridge and
Oxford, England. One of the foremost practitioners in
the Collegiate Gothic style was architect Ralph Adams
Cram who designed campus buildings for Princeton,
Rice University and the U.S. Military Academy at West
Point. For Cram, in the building of Princeton University,
the “the Collegiate Gothic style…was committed to the
retention for all time of that collegiate style of architecture
which alone is absolutely expressive of the civilization we
hold in common with England and the ideals of liberal
education…” It is a style that dominates college and
university campuses, as well as religious institutions.
Typical attributes
• Stories: Two, three and four
• Building form: Massed plan, wings, towers
• Roof: Steeply pitched roof, roof-line balustrades,
dormers, high arched windows
2
1. Windows: High arched, pointed arch (lancet), masonry
window crowns, diamond panes common
2. Ornamentation: Masonry arches, buttresses,
crenellation, gargoyles, parapets, pinnacles, quoins,
tracery
3. Siding: Brick and masonry
1
3
Illustration G.3 - Collegiate Gothic Revival style building - Kiekhofer Hall at 329 School Street,
North Central College
78 Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
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International Style and Contemporary (1950- present)
Starting in the 1950s, the design and architecture of
institutional and commercial buildings throughout the
United States became increasingly influenced by European
modern architects, especially Le Corbusier, Walter Gropius
and Mies van der Rohe. Mies van der Rohe would later
settle in Chicago and serve as the architect for many
notable buildings, such as the Federal Center in downtown
Chicago. These architects favored a radical simplification
of form, a rejection of ornamentation and historicism, and
adoption of glass, steel and concrete as preferred building
materials, which would be common characteristics of what
was to be called the International Style. In addition, the
“transparency” of these buildings provides an “honest”
expression of structure and construction. Contemporary
buildings exhibit many characteristics of the International
Style, although they may introduce additional architectural
features, such a gables and pitched roofs, and minimal
ornamentation.
Photo G.7 - International style building - 325 E.
Benton Avenue
Photo G.8 - Contemporary style building - 25 N.
Brainard Street, constructed in the 90’s
Typical attributes
2
• Stories: Multiple
• Building form: Massed plan
• Roof: Flat
1
1. Windows: Steel frame square, large
2. Ornamentation: Minimal
3. Siding: Brick, concrete and steel
3
Illustration G.4 - Contemporary style building with Gothic Revival gable element - 25 N. Brainard Street
Chapter G | Institutional Buildings
79
g
G.2 Maintenance and Rehabilitation
In general, maintenance and rehabilitation of institutional historic
buildings should follow the guidelines provided in Chapter D: Building
Maintenance and Rehabilitation where applicable. However, due to
their unique functional needs in order to accommodate educational
and congregational uses, special considerations are often required for
the maintenance, rehabilitation or adaptive use of institutional historic
buildings.
Guidelines for Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Institutional
Buildings
Encouraged
• Preserve and maintain character defining architectural features and
original building materials as feasible.
• Develop and implement an annual maintenance schedule to ensure
institutional buildings are kept in proper condition. The maintenance
schedule should include inspections of roofs, foundations and
walls, windows, entryways and mechanical systems.
• Consider adaptive use of institutional buildings rather than
demolition. Historic churches, schools, and libraries can be re-used
for other facility needs in many cases. In determining the feasibility
of adaptive use, it is advised to hire a qualified historic preservation
architecture firm to develop a Historic Structure Report (HSR),
which documents building conditions and rehabilitation and
adaptive use scenarios and costs.
Acceptable
• Replace original building materials with wood and masonry that
match the texture, scale, design and other visual qualities of the
original wherever feasible.
80 G.3 Additions and New Institutional
Buildings
Compared to their residential neighbors, institutional buildings often
stand apart as individual buildings in grander scale and massing as
required by their special functions as gathering places. Constructing
new institutional additions and buildings in a residential neighborhood
faces the challenge to meet the functional needs while addressing the
relationship between the institutional structure and the surrounding
residential neighborhood. As a general guideline, new institutional
additions and buildings should be designed to complement the
surrounding historic neighborhood.
Guidelines for Additions and New Institutional Buildings
Acceptable
• Construct new additions for institutional facilities that are
compatible in design and material with the historic portions of
existing buildings as well as the historic character of the surrounding
neighborhood.
• Construct new additions on rear or side elevations and in a manner
that makes them visually secondary to the primary elevation. The
addition should not be higher than the primary building.
• Construct additions and new institutional buildings that respect the
massing of adjacent institutional structures and other surrounding
structures. Break the facades of a large addition or a new building
into smaller bays or components so that they appear in-scale
with the immediate surroundings. Since the Historic District is
predominately single-family residential, it is especially important
that new institutional buildings have a sense of human scale through
use of traditional materials that are found within the immediate
surroundings including brick, rusticated limestone block, and slate
or architectural shingles for roofs. Use of substitute materials
that match texture, scale and other visual qualities of traditional
materials is acceptable if the original materials are not available.
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
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• Construct new additions and new institutional buildings with a
three-part façade - a base or foundation, a middle with architectural
detail and fenestration, and a cap or cornice.
• Employ new interpretations of traditional institutional architecture
as long as the massing, scale and three-part facade guidelines are
followed.
• Orient the primary entrance of a new addition or building toward
the street if feasible while secondary entrances can be oriented to
interior parking lots. Parking lots should be placed to rear, or the
interior, of the addition or new building.
Internet Resource:
Review the following preservation briefs from the National Park Service
website at http://www.nps.gov/hps/tps/briefs/presbhom.htm for additional
information:
• Preservation Brief #14 - New Exterior Additions to Historic Buildings
• Preservation Brief #16 - The Use of Substitute Materials on Historic
Building Exteriors
• Preservation Brief #29 - The Repair, Replacement, and Maintenance of
Historic Slate Roofs
• Preservation Brief #32 - Making Historic Properties Accessible
• Preservation Brief #43 - The Preparation and Use of Historic Structure
Reports
G.4. Handicapped Access Ramps
Handicap accessibility and barrier-free design are mandated by the
Americans with Disabilities Act for new institutional buildings and
building retrofits. The guidelines that follow seek to ensure a compatible
design that provides barrier free access points.
Guidelines for Handicapped Access Ramps
Encouraged
• Integrate ramps with the building’s architecture and landscape
setting. If possible, preserve and respect a building’s important
architectural features including original doors and entry ways
during ramp design and installation.
• Place ramps to minimize their potential impact on views from the
street. Ramps can often be placed or incorporated behind historic
features such as cheek-walls or other existing railings.
• Construct ramps with durable materials including solid hardwoods,
natural stone, or scored concrete.
Acceptable
• Ramps can be constructed of cast stone and other substitute
materials as long as they are compatible with the original building
materials.
• Consider installing automatic door openers on existing doors to
relieve door pressure barriers.
• Remove above grade entrances and provide new entrances at the
grade level (e.g. Old Main, Kiekhoffer, Meiley-Swallow).
Chapter G | Institutional Buildings
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H
Appendices
A. How to use this
manual
B. Naperville’s History
C. residential
Architectural Styles
D. Building
Maintenance and
Rehabilitation
E. New Construction
f. Fences, Landscape
AND Setting
g. Institutional
Buildings
h. AppendiCES
h.1
Secretary of the
Interior’s
Standards for
Rehabilitation
h.2 STATE and Federal Financial Assistance
h.3 Sources FOR
Additional
INFORMATION
H.4 Finding a contractor
H.5 Index
Photo H.1 - Queen Anne style residence - 431 E. Franklin Avenue
83
h
H.1 Secretary of the Interior’s
Standards for Rehabilitation
The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation are used to assess
the appropriateness of preservation projects seeking federal, state or
local tax incentives and grants, including the State of Illinois Property
Tax Assessment Freeze Program. The Secretary of the Interior’s
Standards for Rehabilitation pertain to all building improvements both
interior and exterior, materials, landscape improvements and site and
environment. The Standards are the following:
1. A property shall be used for its historic purpose or be placed in a
new use that requires minimal change to the defining characteristics
of the building and its site and environment.
2. The historic character of a property shall be retained and preserved.
The removal of historic materials or alteration of features and
spaces that characterize a property shall be avoided.
3. Each property shall be recognized as a physical record of its time,
place and use. Changes that create a false sense of historical
development, such as adding conjectural features or architectural
elements from other buildings, shall not be undertaken.
4. Most properties change over time; those changes that have
acquired historic significance in their own right shall be retained
and preserved.
5. Distinctive features, finishes and construction techniques or
examples of craftsmanship that characterize a historic property
shall be preserved.
7. Chemical or physical treatments, such as sandblasting, that cause
damage to historic materials shall not be used. The surface cleaning
of structures, if appropriate, shall be undertaken using the gentlest
means possible.
8. Significant archaeological resources affected by a project shall
be protected and preserved. If such resources must be disturbed,
mitigation measures shall be undertaken.
9. New additions, exterior alterations or related new construction
shall not destroy historic materials that characterize the property.
The new work shall be differentiated from the old and shall be
compatible with the massing, size, scale and architectural features
to protect the historic integrity of the property and its environment.
10.New additions and adjacent or related new construction shall
be undertaken in such a manner that if removed in the future,
the essential form and integrity of the historic property and its
environment would be unimpaired.
An Illustrated Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings were developed
by the National Park Service based on the Secretary of the Interior’s
Standards for Rehabilitation. To view the Guidelines, visit the National
Park Service website at http://www.nps.gov/history/hps/tps/standards_
guidelines.htm.
6. Deteriorated historic features shall be repaired rather than replaced.
Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a
distinctive feature, the new feature shall match the old in design,
color, texture and other visual qualities and, where possible,
materials. Replacement of missing features shall be substantiated
by documentary, physical or pictorial evidence.
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H.2 State and Federal Financial
Incentives
Several financial incentive and grant programs are currently available at
the state and federal levels for owners of historic homes and properties:
Property Tax Assessment Freeze Program
Assessment level is frozen for 8 years at the pre-rehabilitation rate. Then
it is raised in steps up to the current level over the next 4 years, until the
assessment reaches its current rate. This program is administered by
Illinois Historic Preservation Agency (IHPA) which may be contacted
by phone at 217-785-5730. Please also visit the program’s website at
http://www.state.il.us/hpa/PS/taxfreeze.htm for additional information.
Buildings must meet the following criteria to be eligible:
• Must be residential structures and meet one of the following: ;
◊ Listed on the National Register (individually or as a contributing
building within a National Register district); or
◊ A contributing building within a local historic district in a
community whose ordinance has been approved by the IHPA
for the Tax Freeze Program; or
◊ An individually designated local landmark in a community
whose ordinance has been approved by the IHPA for the Tax
Freeze Program.
• Eligible expenditures include roof replacement, painting, wood
refinishing, electrical and mechanical systems upgrades, kitchen
and bathroom improvements, and architectural fees. Expenditures
for enlargement or new construction outside the existing structure
are ineligible.
• At least 25 percent of the property’s market value (as determined
by local assessor) must be spent on an approved rehabilitation
project. Project must also be certified by IHPA that it meets the
Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation.
Chapter H | Appendices
Preservation Easement Tax Incentive
Provides a tax reduction in exchange for dedication of a historic
preservation easement. This program is administered by Landmarks
Illinois, which may be contacted by phone at 312-922-1742. Please
also visit their web site at www.landmarks.org for additional information.
An easement is a voluntary legal agreement that protects part or all of
a building in perpetuity. Under the terms of an easement, a property
owner grants a portion of or interest in his property rights to Landmark Illinois whose mission includes historic preservation. In return,
the owner receives a tax deduction because he has theoretically reduced the value of his structure by removing the ability to unduly alter
or demolish the designated significant features protected by the easement. The portion of the building property rights that are donated are
monitored and protected by Landmark Illinois. Properties must meet
the following criteria to be eligible:
• Building must be a certified historic structure:
◊ Listed on the National Register (individually or as a contributing
building within a National Register district); or,
◊ A contributing building within a local historic district that has
been certified by the National Park Service.
• Individually listed local landmarks are not eligible.
• Easement equals the loss in value due to contribution. A typical
easement might average 10 percent of the value of the rehabilitated
building.
The value of the easement for purposes of calculating a deduction
must be determined by a qualified appraiser. Factors that affect the
value of the easement include:
• The types of restrictions in the easement (range of alterations
permitted);
• Development potential of the individual property in the absence
of an easement; and,
• Regulatory environment (impact of local preservation laws in
addition to the easement).
85
h
FHA Streamlined 203(k) Program
This program, administered by Federal Home Administration, allows
property owners to finance various improvements or upgrades. Visit
the Program’s web site for additional information.
Eligibility requirements and program guidelines include the following:
• For home purchases or refinancing, including those properties that
are owned free-and-clear.
• No limitation on age or historical designation of property.
• No income limitations for applicants of this program.
• Eligible improvements include roofing, HVAC, plumbing and
electrical systems, flooring, minor remodeling not involving
structural repairs, weatherization, basement waterproofing,
window and door replacements.
• New construction, structural repair, work that requires detailed
drawings or architectural exhibits, and any repair involving a work
schedule longer than six months is ineligible.
• No minimum threshold for repairs, maximum financing is $35,000.
• More extensive improvements may be funded through the HUD
Rehabilitation 203(k) Mortgage Program.
H.3 Sources of Additional Information
Preservation Briefs
Developed by the National Park Service, Preservation Briefs provide
technical information and guidance on appropriate methods for
preserving and rehabilitating historic buildings. All 47 preservation
briefs are available for download from the National Park Service
website at http://www.nps.gov/hps/tps/briefs/presbhom.htm. Hard copies
may be purchased from the U.S. Government Printing Office.
Brief #1. Assessing Cleaning and Water-Repellent Treatments for Historic
Masonry Buildings. Robert C. Mack, AIA. National Park Service, U.S.
Department of the Interior, 1975.
Brief #2. Repointing Mortar Joints in Historic Masonry Buildings. Robert C.
Mack, AIA. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior,
1980.
Brief #3. Conserving Energy in Historic Buildings. Baird M. Smith, AIA.
National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1978.
Brief #4. Roofing for Historic Buildings. Sarah M. Sweetzer. National Park
Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1978.
Brief #6. Dangers of Abrasive Cleaning to Historic Buildings. Anne E.
Grimmer. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior,
1979.
Brief #8. Aluminum and Vinyl Sidings on Historic Buildings: The
Appropriateness of Substitute Materials for Resurfacing Historic Wood Frame
Buildings. John H. Myers. National Park Service, U.S. Department of
the Interior, 1979.
Brief #9. The Repair of Historic Wooden Windows. John H. Myers.
National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1981.
Brief #10. Exterior Paint Problems on Historic Woodwork. Kay D. Weeks
and David W. Look, AIA. National Park Service, U.S. Department
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h
of the Interior, 1982.
National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1990.
Brief #11. Rehabilitating Historic Storefronts. H. Ward Jandl. National Park
Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, no date.
Brief #24. Heating, Ventilating, and Cooling Historic Buildings: Problems and
Recommended Approaches. Sharon C. Park, AIA. National Park Service,
U.S. Department of the Interior, 1991.
Brief #14. New Exterior Additions to Historic Buildings: Preservation
Concerns. Kay D. Weeks. National Park Service, U.S. Department of
the Interior, 1986.
Brief #28. Painting Historic Interiors. Sara B. Chase. The National Park
Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1992.
Brief #15. Preservation of Historic Concrete: Problems and General Approaches.
William B. Coney, AIA. The National Park Service, U.S. Department
of the Interior, no date.
Brief #29. The Repair, Replacement & Maintenance of Historic Slate Roofs.
Jeffery S. Levine. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the
Interior, 1992.
Brief #16. The Use of Substitute Materials on Historic Buildings Exteriors.
Sharon C. Park, AIA. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the
Interior, 1988.
Brief #30. The Preservation and Repair of Historic Clay Tile Roofs. Anne E.
Grimmer and Paul K. Williams. National Park Service, U.S. Department
of the Interior, 1992.
Brief #17. Architectural Character : Identifying the Visual Aspects of Historic
Buildings as an Aid to Preserving Their Character. Lee E. Nelson, FAIA.
National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1988.
Brief #31. Mothballing Historic Buildings. Sharon C. Park, AIA.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, 1993.
Brief #18. Rehabilitating Interiors in Historic Buildings: Identifying and
Preserving Character-Defining Elements. H. Ward Jandl. National Park
Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1988.
Brief #19. The Repair and Replacement of Historic Wooden Shingle Roofs.
Sharon C. Park, AIA. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the
Interior, 1989.
Brief #21. Repairing Historic Flat Plaster -- Walls and Ceilings. Mary Lee
MacDonald. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior,
1989.
Brief #32. Making Historic Properties Accessible. Thomas C. Jester and
Sharon Park, AIA. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the
Interior, 1993.
Brief #33. The Preservation and Repair of Historic Stained and Leaded Glass.
Neal Vogel and Rolf Achillies. National Park Service, U.S. Department
of the Interior, 2007.
Brief #34. Applied Decoration for Historic Interiors: Preserving Composition
Ornament. Jonathon Thornton and William Adair, FAAR. National
Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1994. .
Brief #22. The Preservation and Repair of Historic Stucco. Anne Grimmer.
National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1990.
Brief #35. Understanding Old Buildings: The Process of Architectural
Investigation. Travis C. MacDonald, Jr. National Park Service, U.S.
Department of the Interior, 1994.
Brief #23. Preserving Historic Ornamental Plaster. David Flaherty.
Brief #37. Appropriate Methods for Reducing Lead-Paint Hazards in Historic
Chapter H | Appendices
87
h
Housing. Sharon C. Park, AIA, and Douglas Hicks. National Park
Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1995.
Brief #39. Holding the Line: Controlling Unwanted Moisture in Historic
Buildings. Sharon C. Park, AIA. National Park Service, U.S. Department
of the Interior, 1996.
Brief #40. Preserving Historic Ceramic Tile Floors. Anne E. Grimmer and
Kimberly A. Konrad. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the
Interior, 1996.
Brief #42. The Maintenance and Replacement of Historic Cast Stone. Richard
Pieper. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1996.
Brief #43. The Preparation and Use of Historic Structure Reports. Deborah
Slaton. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 2005.
Brief #44. The Use of Awnings on Historic Buildings: Repair, Replacement &
New Design. Chad Randl. National Park Service, U.S. Department of
the Interior, 2005.
Brief #45. Preserving Historic Wood Porches. Aleca Sullivan and John
Leeke. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, 2005.
Brief #47. Maintaining the Exterior of Small and Medium Size Historic
Buildings. Sharon Park. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the
Interior, no date.
Publications
A Field Guide to American Houses. Virginia and Lee Macalester. New
York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1984.
All About Old Buildings: The Whole Preservation Catalogue. Diane Maddox,
ed. Washington, D.C.: The Preservation Press of the National Trust
for Historic Preservation, 1985.
American Bungalow Magazine. Bi-Monthly. 123 South Baldwin Avenue,
P.O. Box 756, Sierra Madre, California 91025
Building Construction Illustrated. Francis D. Ching. Hoboken, New Jersey,
The Wiley Press, 2008.
Century of Color, 1820-1920. Roger W. Moss. Watkins Glen, New York:
American Life Foundation, 1981.
Economics of Historic Preservation: A Community’s Leaders Guide. Washington
D.C.: National Trust for Historic Preservation, 2005.
Keeping Time: The History and Theory of Preservation in America. William J.
Murtagh. Hoboken, New Jersey, The Wiley Press, 2005.
Images of America: Naperville, Illinois. Jo Fredall Higgins. Mount Pleasant,
South Carolina: The Arcadia Publishing Company, 2001.
Old House Journal. Monthly. Old House Journal Corporation, 435 Ninth
Street, Brooklyn, New York, 11215.
Old House Dictionary. Steven J. Phillips. Lakewood, Colorado: American
Source Books, 1989.
Naperville Sesquicentennial Photo Album, 1931-1981. Jean and Mary Lou
Wehrli.
American House Styles: A Concise Guide. John Milnes Baker. New York:
W.W. Norton, 2002.
A Place to Remember : Using History to Build Community. Robert Archibald.
Lanham, Maryland: AltaMira Press, 1999.
A Richer Heritage: Historic Preservation in the Twenty-First Century. Robert
E. Stipe. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003.
The Preservation of Historic Architecture: The U.S. Government’s Official
Guidelines for Preserving Historic Homes. Guilford, Connecticut: The
Lyons Press, 2004.
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Respectful Rehabilitation: Answers to Your Questions on Historic Buildings.
Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, U.S. Department of the
Interior, and The Preservation Press of the National Trust for Historic
Preservation, 1982.
What Style Is It? John S. Poppeliers, Allen Chambers, and Nancy B.
Schwartz. Washington D.C., 1977.
Architecture in Context, Fitting New Buildings With Old. Brent C. Brolin.
New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1980.
National Alliance of Preservation Commissions
325 Lumpkin Street
Founders Garden House
Athens, Georgia 30602
(706) 542-0169
www.uga.napc/index.htm
The National Park Service Preservation Assistance Division Technical
Preservation Services P.O. Box 37127
Washington, D.C. 20013-7127
(202) 343-9573
www.nps.gov/history/preservation.htm
The National Trust for Historic Preservation
1785 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
(202) 673-4000
www.preservationnation.org
Organizations
City of Naperville
440 S. Eagle Street
Naperville, Illinois 60540
(630) 42-6694
http://www.naperville.il.us
The National Trust Midwest Office
53 West Jackson Boulevard, Suite 350
Chicago, Illinois 60604
(312) 939-5547
www.preservationnation.org/about-us/regional-offices/midwest
Naperville Heritage Society
523 South Webster Street
Naperville, Illinois 60540
(630) 420-6010
http://www.napersettlement.org/
Illinois Historic Preservation Agency
Preservation Services
#1 Old State Capitol Plaza
Springfield, Illinois 62701 (217) 782-4836
www.state.il.us/IHPA/pa
Landmarks Illinois
53 West Jackson Boulevard, Suite 1315
Chicago, Illinois 60604
(312) 922-1742
www.landmarks.org
Chapter H | Appendices
89
h
H.4 Finding A Contractor
Types of home improvement professionals
Depending on the size and complexity of your project, you may choose
to work with a number of different professionals:
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Consumer Protection Division
offers the following tips on selecting and hiring contractors.
• General contractors manage all aspects of your project, including
hiring and supervising subcontractors, getting building permits,
and scheduling inspections. They also work with architects.
(Tips offered by The Old House Website: http://www.oldhouseweb.
com/how-to-advice/finding-a-reputable-contractor.shtml)
Where to look
Home improvement, repair and maintenance contractors often
advertise in newspapers, phone directories, and on the radio and TV.
• Do not consider an ad an indication of the quality of a contractor’s
work.
• Get written estimates from several firms.
• Ask for explanations for price variations.
• Do not automatically choose the lowest bidder.
Talk to former customers
Your best bet in finding a qualified contractor is to talk to friends,
neighbors, or co-workers who have had improvement work done.
Talking with some of the contractor’s former customers can help you
decide if a particular contractor is right for you. You may want to ask:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
• Specialty contractors install particular products, such as cabinets and
bathroom fixtures.
• Architects design homes, additions, and major rehabilitation. If
your project includes structural changes, you may want to hire an
architect who specializes in home remodeling.
• Designers have expertise in specific areas of the home, such as
kitchens and baths.
• Design/build contractors provide one-stop service. They see your
project through from start to finish. Some firms have architects on
staff; others use certified designers.
Can I visit your home to see the completed job?
Were you satisfied with the project?
Was it completed on time?
Did the contractor keep you informed about the status of the
project, and any problems along the way?
Were there unexpected costs? If so, what were they?
Did workers show up on time? Did they clean up after finishing
the job?
Would you recommend the contractor?
Would you use the contractor again?
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Carnegie 16, 77
Carriage 56
Ceiling 53, 55, 57-58, 87
Cement 7-8, 34, 37, 55
Center Street 14, 26
Certificate of Appropriateness 4
Character 2, 5, 14, 32, 34-35, 38, 42-43, 48, 51, 61-62, 64-65, 67, 70, 73-74, 80, 84, 87
Chicago 12, 21, 27, 77, 79, 89
Chicago Avenue 13, 38, 56
Chimney 7, 25, 27, 29-30, 32-35, 45, 58
City Council Acknowledgements, 2, 13
Clapboard 21, 26, 28, 35, 37
COA 4-5
Collegiate Gothic Revival 16, 22, 76, 78-79
Colonial
9, 13, 19, 25, 28, 32, 41, 43, 45, 49-50, 52-54, 77
Columbia Street 14, 20, 23 , 25, 28-29, 32, 35, 44, 48, 55-56, 67, 73
Column (Base, Capital, Greek Doric, Post) 5-7, 22, 25, 29, 52-53, 55, 77
Compatibility 2, 41, 56, 61-65, 67, 70, 80-81, 84
Concrete 7-8, 32-34, 52-55, 72, 74, 79, 81, 86
Contemporary 30, 76, 79
Contractors 2, 12, 83, 89, 90
Copper 7, 49
Cornice 6, 8, 21, 25, 27, 62, 65, 77, 81
Cottage 24, 54
Coursing 32-33
Craftsman 7, 13, 19-20, 27-29, 32, 40-41, 43, 45, 48, 52, 54, 56
Cram, Ralph Adams 78
Crenellation 78
Creosote 35
Deck 45, 53, 59-60, 62
Definitions – See A.4
Dimension 41, 50, 54-55, 61-63, 65
Donnelley Family Endowed Preservation Services Fund Acknowledgements
Door 6, 8-9, 21-23, 25-32, 37, 40, 42-44, 56-58, 62-65, 81, 86
Storm door 42-44, 57
H.5 Index (See also Table of Contents)
The Table of Contents is organized to make the Design and Resource Manual easily accessible and serves as a primary guide to the
information in it. This index is supplementary.
Aluminum 8, 36-41, 43, 46, 72, 86
Additions 41, 52, 59, 62-64, 75, 80-81, 84, 86, 90
American Foursquare - See Foursquare
Architect 2, 8, 13-14, 16, 27, 29-30, 76, 78-79, 90
Architectural (style) 1-2, 4-7, 11, 13-14, 16-17, 19-20, 23, 29, 31,
37, 41-42, 45, 49, 54, 59, 62, 64, 66, 69-70, 75-77, 79-81, 83-87
Art Moderne 14
Arts and Crafts 29
Asphalt 8, 37, 45, 55
Attic 26, 46-47, 57, 62
Awning 31, 38, 44, 58, 88
Baluster 5, 50, 53, 60-61
Bargeboard 5
Bay 5, 9, 32, 47, 66, 80
Beadboard 53, 55
Belt course 5
Benton Avenue 16, 77, 79
Bevel 6, 21, 23, 25, 28, 30, 35, 36, 42, 76
Block (n., portion of street) 5, 14, 16, 20, 64-66, 70, 73
(n., masonry or glass) 8, 25, 32-34, 72, 80; (v.) 41, 70, 73
Book Road 2, 15
Boyajian, James E. Acknowledgements
Brackets 6, 7, 14, 22-24, 26, 29, 76-77
Brainard Street 14, 22, 24, 32, 35, 41, 56, 75-77, 79
Brick 4-5, 7, 11-12, 21, 25-30, 32-35, 52, 56, 60, 63, 73-74, 76-80;
See also Coursing
Brodhead, Judith Acknowledgements
Bronze 7
Bulk 7
Bungalow 14, 19, 29, 32, 37, 40-41, 43, 54, 88
Cambridge 78
Chapter H | Appendices
91
h
Dormer 6, 23, 25, 27-31, 45, 47-48, 62-63, 66, 76-78
Downing, Alexander Jackson 22
Downspout 49
Dr. E. Grant Simpson House 20
Dr. Truitt House 2, 15
East Central Homeowners Organization 2
Eastlake 6
Eave 6-8, 14, 22, 27, 29, 63
ECHO 2
Education 2, 4-5, 13, 16-17, 76, 78, 80
Ellsworth Street 26, 36, 49, 53-56, 78
Energy (efficiency) 31, 39-40, 43, 48, 57-58, 86
Exterior Insulation Finish System (EIFS) 37-38
Façade 4-7, 21-22, 28, 30, 38-40, 42-43, 45, 47-49, 51-52, 54, 60-
66, 70, 77, 80-81
Fence (Wood picket, Metal, Wrought iron, Privacy) 1, 4, 69-72
Fenestration 81
Fiber cement 37
Fiberglass 39, 49, 55, 57
Fieseler, Robert E. Acknowledgements
Financial incentive (State & Federal) 85
Finial 6
Finish (n.) 37; Rock face 33
Fireplace 34
Flashing 35
Flue 35
Forest Preserve 15
Foundation 6, 8, 31-34, 47, 49, 53-54, 62, 64-65, 67, 80-81, 88
Foursquare 8, 14, 19-20, 27-28, 32-33, 37, 43, 45, 52-55, 64
Franklin Avenue 15, 20, 73, 83
Frieze 6, 77
Furstenau, Richard R. Acknowledgements
Gable 5-7, 14, 21, 23, 25-27, 29-31, 45-48, 54-55, 57, 79
Garage 13, 15, 30-31, 51, 56, 59, 65, 67
Gargoyle 78
Garland 77
Georgian Revival 16, 76-77
92
Glass (Decorative, Stained) 6, 8-9, 12, 23, 27-28, 30, 34, 39-43, 48,
56, 79, 87
Glazing 6, 9, 25-26, 38, 40, 42
Gothic - See Collegiate Gothic Revival
Greek Revival 13, 15, 19-22, 41-43, 45, 52-54
Green Acres 12
Greene, Charles, Henry 29
Griffin, Walter Burley 15
Grinnell, Debbie Acknowledgements
Gropius, Walter 79
Gutter 46, 49
Handicapped access 59, 61, 75, 81
Hartner, Kris Acknowledgements
High style 6, 13-14, 70
Highlands 12
Hinterlong, Paul Acknowledgements
Historic District, Naperville 2-7, 11, 13-16, 20, 23-24, 30, 33, 44,
46, 49, 51, 59, 64, 78, 80, 85
Historic Preservation Commission Acknowledgements, 2, 4
Historic Preservation Ordinance 2, 4
Historic Sites Commission 2, 4
Hood 6, 58
Infill 63, 66
Institutional Building 4, 14, 20, 75-76, 81
Insulation 37, 57-58
International style 79
Italianate 11-13, 19-20, 22-23, 42-43, 45, 52-54, 70
Jefferson Avenue 2, 15, 20-21, 27, 42
Joint recommendation 2, 4-5
Kiekhofer Hall 16, 78
Kit home 12
Knee brace 7, 14
Knuckles, Jeffery, Barbara 15
Krause, Douglas Acknowledgements
Kroehler Manufacturing Company 12
Landmark 2, 4, 11, 14-15, 20, 29, 85, 89
Landscape 4, 7, 12, 69-70, 73, 81, 84
Larsen, Larry Acknowledgements
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual
h
Lattice 7, 54, 72
Le Corbusier 79
Limestone 8, 15, 32-33, 80
Liu, Ying Acknowledgements
Loomis Street 11, 16, 23-24, 50, 53
Louvered 8, 41, 44
Maintenance - See subtopics re structure maintained
Mansart, Francois 76
Map 2-3, 14
Maplebrook 12
Martin Mitchell Mansion 17
Masonry 7-8, 25-26, 32-35, 37, 54, 57, 73, 77-78, 80, 86
Massing 7, 30, 32, 62-66, 77-81, 84
Meiley-Swallow Hall 78, 81
Messer, Tim Acknowledgements
Mid-Century Modern 14, 19-20, 30, 32
Miller, Kenn Acknowledgements
Mortar Joint (Profile) 32-34, 86
Moser, Harold 12
Mullion 9
Muntin 9, 38-39, 41, 56
Museum 16-17
Naper Settlement Acknowledgements, 11, 13, 16-17
Naper, Joseph 12
Naperville Heritage Society Acknowledgements, 2, 4, 11, 16-
17, 89
Naperville Municipal Code 2, 72
National Trust for Historic Preservation Acknowledgements,
39, 88-89
Natural 29, 33, 37, 48, 57-58, 73-74, 81
Neighborhood 2, 5, 12-13, 16, 20, 30, 62, 64, 67, 70, 73, 76, 80
Neoclassical Revival 9, 76-77
North Central College 2, 11-13, 15-16, 75-78
Oak Park, IL 40, 59
Ogg, Bryan Acknowledgements
Old Main 16, 75-76, 81
Oxford, U.K. 78
Paint 6, 33-34, 36-37, 39, 60, 70, 85-87
Chapter H | Appendices
Parapet 78
Parging 7-8
Paths 69-74
Patina 7
Paver 74
Paw Paw Post Office 13
Pinnacle 78
Pioneer 12-13
Placement 49, 51, 60-66, 71
Plan Commission Acknowledgements , 4
Plaque Program 17
Plaster 7, 37, 55, 87
Porch (Includes: Sleeping, Wrap around) 5-8, 21-23, 25-33, 44, 5255, 57, 60-62, 64-66, 77, 88
Porte-cochere 7
Portico 7, 77
Pradel, A. George, Mayor Acknowledgements
Prairie 8, 12, 15, 19-20, 27, 30, 32, 35, 37-38, 40-41, 43, 45, 48, 54
Pre-fabricated 12
Princeton 78
Proportion 8, 32, 39, 41, 62, 64, 66
Quarry 12, 15
Queen Anne 1, 9, 12-13, 19-20, 23-24, 28, 33, 35-36, 40, 42-43, 45,
50, 52-54, 64, 66-67, 69-70, 83
Quoin 7, 77-78
Railing(Including Roof) 5, 22, 50, 53-55, 60, 81
Ranch 13, 30
Repair, Rehabilitation, Renovation, Restoration – See subtopics
Repointing 8, 34, 86
Residential Buildings, New 59, 62-66
Reveal 36-37
Rhythm 32
Rice University 78
Riverview Farmstead 15
Riverwalk 16
Robinson, Harry Franklin 15
Robles, Karyn Acknowledgements
93
h
Roof Type, Style shapes, Pitch, Slope, Fascia 5-8, 14, 21-23, 2531, 34-35, 45-50, 53, 55, 57, 62-67, 76-81, 85-87
Rusticated 8, 80
Ryan, Thomas, Jr. Acknowledgements
Sandblast 33, 36, 84
Satellite Dish 51
Scale (Relative Size) 8, 32, 40, 47, 54-55, 61-66, 80-81, 84
Schoeneck, Heidi Acknowledgements
Sears 28
Second Empire 16, 75-76
Secretary of the Interior Standards for Rehabilitation 5, 83-85
Shed 6, 29-30, 47
Shiffler brothers 12
Shingle pattern 24, 36-37
Shutters 8, 25, 41-42, 57
Sidelight 8, 21, 39
Sidewalk 69, 71-74
Siding (Wood, Synthetic, etc.) 8, 21-23, 25-30, 35-38, 41-43, 46,
76-79, 86
Size 7, 34, 37-41, 43-44, 47-49, 51, 62-65, 67, 84, 88
Skirting 53-55
Skylight 31, 45, 48
Slate 8, 45, 80-81, 87
Sleight Street 1, 19-20, 23-24, 27, 31, 41-42, 53-55, 69
Smith, Jamie Acknowledgements
Soffit 8, 23, 46-47, 49
Solar panels 48, 58
Spalling 8
Split-level 13, 30
Step 35, 53-55, 60, 73
Stick style 12, 14, 23, 33, 35, 54
Stoop 25, 31, 52, 65-66
Stories 21-23, 25-30, 36, 76-79
Storms - See door, storm; window, storm
Stucco 8, 27, 29-30, 34-35, 37-38, 46, 53, 55, 87
TED Business Group Acknowledgements
Texture 5, 7, 34, 37, 41, 63, 80, 84
Thermal barrier 39, 57
94
Thomas Clow House 2, 15
Thorsen, Suzanne Acknowledgements
Tile 5, 8, 12, 45, 87
Tosi, Don 13, 30
Tower 8, 22-23, 66, 78
Transom 8, 21
Trim Gingerbread 8, 21-23, 27-28, 37, 47, 55, 77
Tuckpoint 8, 34
Turret 6, 8, 47
Van der Rohe, Mies 79
Van Osdel, John
16
Vegetation 7
Veneer 34
Ventilation 43, 45-47, 57-58, 87
Veranda 8
Vernacular 8, 12-14, 19, 21, 26, 45, 54
View 7, 40, 51, 70, 81
Vinyl 8, 36-37, 39-41, 46, 49, 72, 86
Walkway 7, 72
Wall Retaining 6-9, 31-35, 37, 44-47, 50, 53, 55, 57, 62, 67, 70, 3,
77, 80, 87
Water table 8
Weather stripping 38, 42, 57-58
Weatherization 39, 57, 86
Wehrli, Grant E. Acknowledgements
West Point 78
Wilson, Duane Acknowledgements
Window Types, Components, Storm, Double hung, Wood, Panes, Decorative glass, Stained glass 6, 89, 14, 21-23, 25-34, 37-44, 47,
56-58, 62-65, 76-80, 86
Winslow House 27
Wood 6-8, 12, 21-23, 25-30, 35-43, 45-46, 50, 52-57, 60-61, 70, 72,
76, 80-81, 85-88
World Wars 12, 30
Wright Street 25, 50
Wright, Frank Lloyd 15, 27
Wrought Iron 50, 70, 72
Naperville, Illinois | Historic Building Design and Resource Manual