Regents Review
US History & Government
Thursday 5/15
Industrialization: How did each of the following
change the US after the Civil War?
• Availability of new technology
– New consumer goods available & cheap manufacturing labor needed
(immigrants)
• Growth of corporations
– Limited liability allows business owners to take risks
– Corporations allow business to grow large through the sale of stock
• Belief in Social Darwinism
– Used to justify the extremes of wealth and poverty and monopolies
– Suggests that the poor are responsible for their own fate
• Shift to urbanization
– Cities grow large, lack basic services (i.e. sanitation), diverse due to
immigration and become increasingly divided into wealthy areas and slums
Industrialization: How did each of the following
change the US after the Civil War?
• Open immigration
– New immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe arrive
leading to increasing diversity and poverty in Eastern cities.
• Rise of organized labor
– Unions begin to organize for better working conditions and
better pay leading to a series of strikes
• Dominance of political machines
– In return for provide aid to the urban immigrant poor, political
machines are elected to office where they steal public funds and
distribute jobs to favorites
Why did Mark Twain call the late 19th Century
(1880-1900) ‘The Gilded Age’?
• On the surface America
appears to have:
–
–
–
–
Extreme Wealth
New Invention
Big Corporations
Beacon of liberty
• Below the surface there is :
– Extreme Poverty
– Exploitation
– Corruption
Who opposed these developments? What
types of actions did they take?
Muckrakers & Other Reformers
• Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives
– Subject: Urban poverty & slums
• Ida Tarbell – History of Standard Oil
– Subject: Corrupt practices used by Rockefeller
• Lincoln Steffens – The Shame of the Cities
– Subject: Political corruption in city government
• Frank Norris – The Octopus
– Subject: Dominance of monopolies
• Upton Sinclair – The Jungle
– Subject: Spoiled food & abuse of immigrant workers
• Hull House founded by Jane Addams to help urban poor
Why did the Progressive Movement arise in the late 19th Century?
Urban Slums
Monopolies
Political
Corruption
Exploitation
of Labor
How successful were Progressives in
achieving their objectives?
Social Change
Economic
Government
• 18th Amendment
(Prohibition)
• Conservation &
Gifford Pinchot
• Jane Addams & Hull
House
• Margaret Sanger &
Birth Control
• W.E.B. Du Bois &
attention to lynching
• Keating-Owen Child
Labor Act
(OVERTURNED)
• 16th Amendment
(Graduated Income
Tax)
• Sherman & Clayton
Antitrust Acts
• Meat Inspection Act
• Pure Food & Drug
Act
• Northern Securities
v. US
• Federal Reserve
• Muller v. Oregon
• Underwood Tariff
• Australian (secret)
Ballot
• The Referendum
• The Initiative
• The Recall Election
• 17th Amendment
(Direct Election of
Senators)
• NAWSA & 19th
Amendment
(Women’s Suffrage)
• Robert Lafollette &
Wisconsin Idea
Identify two important Supreme Court cases and for each
- Describe the historical circumstances
- Explain the decision
- Discs the impact on the US
Supreme Court Case #1
Plessy v. Ferguson
Supreme Court Case #2
Brown v. Board of Ed.
Historical
circumstances
Reconstruction ended in 1877
Redeemers begin to take over
southern states and pass Jim Crow
laws. Ferguson purposely breaks the
law to try and get segregation
outlawed
Linda Brown’s mother wants her daughter to
attend her local school. However Brown is
not allowed to attend because her local
school in Tokepa, KS is racially segregated
and only for White children and Brown is
Black.
Explain the
decision
The Supreme Court ruled that the
court could not change people’s
personal behavior and therefore
‘separate but equal facilities’ were
constitutional
The Supreme Court ruled that segregated
schools created a sense of inferiority among
Black children that would effect them for the
rest of their lives an therefore segregated
schools were unconstitutional
Almost all aspects of life in the South
were now subject to racial
segregation. Facilities were not equal
and this had a very negative effect on
the Black community, as Black schools
received less funding and AfricanAmericans could be excluded from
Brown overturns Plessy and Jim Crow begins
to be dismantled in the South. It also begins
the modern Civil Rights Movement as leaders
such as Martin L. King begin to fight for
social, political and economic equality.
Impact of the
decision