N am e______________________________
Class __________________
Date ______________
Ch ap ter 1 Th e Scien ce of Biology
Sec t i o n 1 –1 Wh at Is Sc i en c e?
( p ag es 3–7)
Key Con cep t
• What is the goal of science?
W h at Scien ce Is an d Is Not
( p ag e 3)
1. What is the goal of science?
2. What is science?
Th in k in g Lik e a Scien t ist
( p ag e 4)
3. What is observation?
4. The inform ation gathered from observation is called
5. Com p lete the table abou t the typ es of d ata.
TYPES OF DATA
Type
Data Involves . . .
Example
Numbers
Characteristics that cannot be
easily measured or counted
6. What is an inference?
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.
N am e______________________________
Class __________________
Exp lain in g an d In t er p r et in g Evid en ce
Date ______________
( p ag e 5)
7. What is a hyp othesis?
8. In science, a hyp othesis is u sefu l only if it can be
.
9. Is the follow ing sentence tru e or false? A hyp othesis shou ld be stated in su ch a w ay
that it can never be p roved w rong.
10. What are three sou rces from w hich hyp otheses m ay arise?
a.
b.
c.
11. Circle the letter of each of the follow ing that m ay be an ou tcom e of testing a hyp othesis.
a. The hyp othesis is p artly tru e bu t need s to be revised .
b . The hyp othesis is w rong.
c. The hyp othesis is su p p orted .
d . The hyp othesis is of no valu e.
Scien ce as a W ay of Kn ow in g
( p ag e 6)
12. What d o scientists assu m e abou t the u niverse?
13. What are som e qu alities that are d esirable in a scientist?
Scien ce an d Hum an Values
( p ag e 7)
14. Is the follow ing sentence tru e or false? A com m u nity m u st u se its shared valu es to
m ake d ecisions abou t scientific issu es.
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N am e______________________________
Class __________________
Sec t i o n 1 –2 Ho w Sc i en t i st s Wo r k
Date ______________
( p ag es 8–14)
Key Con cep ts
• H ow d o scientists test hyp otheses?
• H ow d oes a scientific theory d evelop ?
Desig n in g an Exp er im en t
( p ag es 8–10)
1. The id ea that life can arise from nonliving m atter is called
.
2. What w as Francesco Red i’s hyp othesis abou t the ap p earance of m aggots?
3. What are variables in an exp erim ent?
4. Id eally, how m any variables shou ld an exp erim ent test at a tim e?
5. What is a controlled exp erim ent?
6. The illu stration below show s the beginning of Red i’s exp erim ent. Com p lete the
illu stration by show ing the ou tcom e.
Redi’s Experiment on Spontaneous Generation
Uncovered jars
Covered jars
Several
days pass.
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N am e______________________________
Class __________________
Date ______________
7. Com p lete the table abou t variables.
VARIABLES
Type of Variable
Definition
Manipulated variable
Responding variable
8. In Red i’s experiment, w hat w ere the manipulated variable and the respond ing variable?
9. For w hat d o scientists use the d ata from a controlled experiment?
10. When scientists look for exp lanations for sp ecific observations, w hat d o they assu m e
abou t natu re?
Rep eat in g In vest ig at ion s
( p ag es 10–12)
11. Why d o scientists assu m e that exp erim ental resu lts can be rep rod u ced ?
12. What d id Anton van Leeu w enhoek d iscover?
13. What d id John Need ham conclud e from his test of Red i’s find ings?
14. What d id Sp allanzani d o to im p rove u p on Red i’s and N eed ham ’s w ork?
15. H ow d id Pasteu r settle the sp ontaneou s generation argu m ent?
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N am e______________________________
Class __________________
W h en Exp er im en t s Ar e Not Possib le
Date ______________
( p ag e 13)
16. In anim al field stu d ies, w hy d o scientists u su ally try to w ork w ithou t m aking the
anim als aw are that hu m ans are p resent?
17. When a controlled exp erim ent is not p ossible, w hy d o scientists try to id entify as m any
relevant variables as p ossible?
How a Th eor y Develop s
( p ag es 13–14)
18. In science, w hat is a theory?
19. Is the follow ing sentence tru e or false? A theory m ay be revised or rep laced by a m ore
u sefu l exp lanation.
Reading Skill Practice
A flow chart can help you rem em ber the ord er in w hich a set of events has occu rred
or shou ld occu r. On a sep arate sheet of p ap er, create a flow chart that rep resents the
p rocess that Red i carried ou t in his investigation of sp ontaneou s generation. This
p rocess is exp lained u nd er the head ing Designing an Exp erim ent on p ages 8–10. For
m ore inform ation abou t flow charts, see Organizing Inform ation in Ap p end ix A of
you r textbook.
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N am e______________________________
Class __________________
Sec t i o n 1 –3 St u d y i n g Li f e
Date ______________
( p ag es 15–22)
Key Con cep ts
• What are som e characteristics of living things?
• H ow can life be stu d ied at d ifferent levels?
In t r od uct ion
( p ag e 15)
1. What is biology?
Ch ar act er ist ics of Livin g Th in g s
( p ag es 15–17)
2. What is a cell?
3. Circle the letter of each sentence that is tru e abou t cells.
a. A cell is the sm allest u nit of an organism that can be consid ered
alive.
b . A m u lticellu lar organism m ay contain trillions of cells.
c. A living thing that consists of a single cell is a m u lticellu lar
organism .
d . Organism s are m ad e u p of cells.
4. What are tw o typ es of rep rod u ction?
a.
b.
5. Living things are based on a u niversal
.
6. Circle the letter of each sentence that is tru e abou t living things.
a. The life cycle of m any organism s involves d evelop m ent.
b . For bacteria, grow th is m ostly a sim p le increase in size.
c. Each typ e of organism has a d istinctive life cycle.
d . Cells m ay change in nu m ber bu t never d ifferentiate.
7. Why d oes an organism need energy and a constant su p p ly of m aterials?
8. Is the follow ing sentence tru e or false? All organism s resp ond to the environm ent in
exactly the sam e w ays.
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N am e______________________________
Big Id eas in Biolog y
Class __________________
Date ______________
( p ag es 18–20)
9. What is hom eostasis?
10. A grou p of organism s that changes over tim e is said to
Br an ch es of Biolog y
.
( p ag es 20–21)
Match the different kinds of biologists with the focus of their study.
Kin d s of Biologists
Focu s of Stu d y
11. Zoologist
a. Plants
12. Botanist
b . Ancient life
13. Paleontologist
c. Anim als
14. Label each of the illu strations below accord ing to the level of stu d y rep resented .
15. The largest level of biological stu d y is the
Biolog y in Ever yd ay Lif e
.
( p ag e 22)
16. What kind s of inform ation can the stu d y of biology p rovid e abou t m atters affecting
hu m an society?
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N am e______________________________
Class __________________
Sec t i o n 1 –4 To o l s an d Pr o c ed u r es
Date ______________
( p ag es 24–28)
Key Con cep ts
• What m easu rem ent system d o m ost scientists u se?
• H ow are light m icroscop es and electron m icroscop es sim ilar? H ow are they
d ifferent?
A Com m on M easur em en t Syst em
( p ag e 24)
1. Why d o scientists need a com m on system of m easu rem ent?
2. When collecting d ata and d oing exp erim ents, w hat system of m easu rem ent d o m ost
scientists u se?
3. What is the m etric system ?
4. Complete each equation by writing the correct number or metric unit.
a. 1000 m eters = 1
b . 1 liter =
m illiliters
c. 1 gram =
m illigram s
d . 1000 kilogram s = 1
An alyzin g Biolog ical Dat a
( p ag e 25)
5. When scientists collect d ata, w hat are they often trying to find out?
6. What d oes a grap h of d ata m ake easier to recognize and u nd erstand than a table of
d ata?
M icr oscop es
( p ag es 25–26)
7. What are m icroscop es?
8. What are com p ou nd light m icroscop es?
9. H ow d o chem ical stains m ake light m icroscop es m ore u sefu l?
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N am e______________________________
Class __________________
Date ______________
10. What are the tw o m ain typ es of electron m icroscop es?
a.
b.
11. Compare how a TEM and an SEM prod uce images.
12. H ow m u st sam p les be p rep ared for observation by an electron m icroscop e?
Lab or at or y Tech n iq ues
( p ag e 27)
13. A grou p of cells grow n in a nu trient solu tion from a single original cell is called a(an)
.
14. What techniqu e d o biologists u se to sep arate one p art of a cell from the rest of the cell?
W or k in g Saf ely in Biolog y
( p ag e 28)
15. What is the single m ost im p ortant ru le for you r safety w hile w orking in a laboratory?
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N am e______________________________
Ch ap ter 1
Class __________________
Date ______________
Th e Scien ce of Biology
Vo c ab u l ar y Rev i ew
Com p letion
Fill in the blanks with terms from Chapter 1.
1. The p rocess of gathering inform ation abou t events or p rocesses in a carefu l, ord erly
w ay is called
.
2. The inform ation gathered from observations is called
3. A(An)
.
is a logical interp retation based on p rior know led ge
or exp erience.
4. A(An)
is a p rop osed scientific exp lanation for a set of
observations.
5. In a(an)
exp erim ent, only one variable is changed at a tim e,
w hile all other variables are kep t u nchanged .
6. The variable that is d eliberately changed in a controlled exp erim ent is called the
variable.
7. A(An)
is a w ell-tested exp lanation that u nifies a broad range
of observations.
8. In
rep rod u ction, the new organism has a single p arent.
9. A(An)
is a signal to w hich an organism resp ond s.
10. The
system is a d ecim al system of m easu rem ent w hose u nits
are based on certain p hysical stand ard s and are scaled on m u ltip les of 10.
M atch in g
In the space provided, write the letter of the definition that best matches each term.
_____ 11. biology
_____ 12. m icroscop e
_____ 13. cell
_____ 14. cell fractionation
_____ 15. hom eostasis
_____ 16. m etabolism
_____ 17. cell cu ltu re
a. a collection of living m atter enclosed by a barrier that
sep arates it from its environm ent
b . com bination of chem ical reactions throu gh w hich an
organism bu ild s u p or breaks d ow n m aterials
c. a laboratory techniqu e in w hich a grou p of cells d evelop s
from a single cell
d . p rocess of keep ing an organism ’s internal cond itions
constant
e. a d evice that p rod u ces m agnified im ages of stru ctu res
that are too sm all to see w ith the u naid ed eye
f. a laboratory techniqu e in w hich cells are sep arated into
cell p arts
g. the science that seeks to u nd erstand the living w orld
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