The International Scientific Conference
DEVELOPMENT OF PLANT BREEDING
AND CROP MANAGEMENT
IN TIME AND SPACE
PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACTS
16-18 July 2008
Priekuli, Latvia
Organized and hosted by
State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute
Supported by
Latvia University of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture
Latvian Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
The International Scientific Conference
DEVELOPMENT OF PLANT BREEDING
AND CROP MANAGEMENT
IN TIME AND SPACE
To mark 95th anniversary of State Priekuli Plant Breeding
Institute and 50th anniversary of the Long-term
Experiments in Priekuli
PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACTS
16-18 July 2008
Priekuli, Latvia
Organized and hosted by
State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute
Supported by
Latvia University of Agriculture,
Faculty of Agriculture
Latvian Academy of Agricultural and Forestry
Sciences
Compilers: Ieva Berzina
Arta Kronberga
© State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute, 2008
International Conference
DEVELOPMENT OF PLANT BREEDING
AND CROP MANAGEMENT
IN TIME AND SPACE
Conference Organizing Commitee
Ritvars Leitens
Latvia, State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute
Dr.Līvija ZariĦa
Latvia, State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute
Dr.Ilze Skrabule
Latvia, State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute
Dr.Arta Kronberga
Latvia, State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute
Dr.Linda Legzdina
Latvia, State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute
Dr.Gunta Bebre
Latvia, State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute
Dr.Uldis Miglavs
Latvia, State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute
M.Sc. Dace Piliksere
Latvia, State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute
M.Sc.Aina Kokare
Latvia, State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute
M.Sc.Ieva BērziĦa
Latvia, State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute
Conference Scientific Committee
Dr. Matti Koppel
Dr. Vitautas Ruzgas
Prof., Dr. Aleksandrs Adamovičs
Prof., Dr. Grigorijs Demidas
Prof., Dr. .Piotr Stypinski
Dr. Sigitas Lazauskas
Dr. Livija ZariĦa
Dr. Linda LegzdiĦa
Dr. Arta Kronberga
Estonia, Jogeva Plant Breeding
Institute
Lithuania, Lithuanian Institute of
Agriculture
Latvia University of Agriculture
Ukraine, Ukrainian National
University of Agriculture
Poland, SGGW, Warsaw
University
Lithuania, Lithuanian Institute of
Agriculture
Latvia, State Priekuli Plant
Breeding Institute
Latvia, State Priekuli Plant
Breeding Institute
Latvia, State Priekuli Plant
Dr. Ilze Skrabule
Prof., Dr. Ina Belicka
Prof., Dr. Martti Esala
Dr. Katrin Kotkas
Breeding Institute
Latvia, State Priekuli Plant
Breeding Institute
Latvia, State Stende Cereal
Breeding Institute
Finland, MMT Agrifood
Research Finland
Estonian Plant Biotechnical
Research Centre EVIKA
STATE PRIEKULI PLANT BREEDING INSTITUTE –
SIGNIFICANT SCIENTIFIC CENTRE FOR RURAL
DEVELOPMENT
WELCOME TO PRIEKULI!
The year 2008 marks the 95th anniversary of the first
agricultural research institution in Latvia: State Priekuli Plant
Breeding Institute. Researchers of our institute aim to promote
development and improvement of agriculture strengthening from
past till nowadays. The institute covers wide range of activities
on areas of plant breeding, seed production, preservation of plant
genetic resources, fundamental and applied research on soil
cultivation and crop management, evolvement in postgraduate
studies and advisory activities.
There are about 300 ha of the state land and rented area at
the disposal of the institute providing work for about 70
employers. The Institute annually produces about 80 t potato
seed material, 400 t cereal seed and 40 t fodder grasses seed
every year.
The anniversary is a good reason to invite friends to
scientific conference. The conference is gathering plant breeders
and crop management researchers from 16 countries and giving
opportunity to discuss relevant topics regarding the different
aspects of breeding methodology, crop management and long
term experiments. The organising committee has made its best to
work out an environment and a programme frame that could
facilitate exchange of the latest information described in the
offered papers and posters. We hope that this initiative will be
very fruitful and successful, and will give an up-dated state of
art, necessary for continuing research and starting collaborative
work in future. Also, we hope that the days spent in Priekuli will
provide you with opportunities to meet friends and new
colleagues and discuss common scientific interests under
relaxed, informal atmosphere.
Ritvars Leitens,
Director of State Priekuli PBI
Dr.agr. Ilze Skrabule,
Chair of Organizing Committee
THE CONSECUTION OF PLANT BREEDING IN
PRIEKULI
In the end of 19th and the beginning of 20th century intensive
agricultural production methods were developed and introduced in
Latvia. The necessity for knowledge based on research appeared
among farmers. The Agricultural Central Society of Riga decided to
establish plant breeding and research station in Vidzeme region. The
first agricultural scientific institution in the territory of Latvia – Cesis
research station was founded on April 23rd 1913. The name of
institution was changed in the length of time: Priekuli Plant Breeding
and Research Station, Priekuli Plant Breeding Station and since 2006 Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute. This scientific centre has been
playing an important role in Latvian agriculture during the last 95
years. The first tasks were connected with crop production and plant
breeding. In general the same objectives are the staple of research till
nowadays. The breeding work and investigation of seed production
were carried out for more than 30 crops during the time; many varieties
have been bred in Priekuli and quite a lot are still in production. Many
competent outstanding researchers, plant breeders and seed producers
were engaged in investigations and supply of agricultural producers
with appropriate cereal, pea, grasses, potato etc. varieties and seed
stocks. The obtained knowledge and experience has been disseminated
in papers, books, lectures, seminars and consultations for farmers,
students and others all the time.
The plant breeding is most important and famous part of
research work in Priekuli. Winter rye variety ‘Priekulu’ was accepted
by agronomists for a long time in Latvia, but variety ‘Kaupo’ is
popular today, the seed growing area of ‘Kaupo’ is 42 % of total rye
seed producing fields. The important work is involved in triticale
breeding recently, which could become a significant crop for feed
production and bio ethanol.
Research on spring cereals has been carried out in Priekuli
since establishment of the institution. Currently spring barley is bred;
recently hulless barley development for healthy food and feed has
begun. Three barley varieties are included in Latvian Plant Variety
Catalogue and two are in registration trials, one of them suitable for
organic growing conditions. As Latvians traditional dish is grey pea,
special pea varieties have been bred for this purpose. Pea varieties are
commonly used for feed production too. The varieties of grasses are
famous for suitability to variable growing conditions and the request
for perennial grasses and clover seed material comes also from abroad.
Significant part of produced seeds is regularly exported to Lithuania
and other countries. The varieties of clover bred in Priekuli are wellknown not only with excellent suitability for pastures and meadows,
but with noteworthy marvellous appearance, especially white clover
variety ‘Daile’. However, Priekuli potato varieties have been most
famous through years. More than forty potato varieties have been
created in the institution since 1931 when potato breeding was started.
Today ten potato varieties are included in Latvian Catalogue of Plant
Varieties, but variety ’Agrie Dzeltenie’ is grown also in Estonia. The
most popular among potato growers in Latvia are varieties ‘Brasla’,
‘Zīle’, ‘Agrie Dzeltenie’ and ‘Lenora’. Two new potato varieties are
currently in State Official Trials, and potato variety ‘Imanta’ was
registered in 2008.
The researchers are looking for new perspectives and
possibilities to improve plant breeding process and seed production.
The collaboration with other scientific institutions broadens research
area and promotes particular investigations.
Dr.agr. Ilze Skrabule
Lead researcher of Potatoe Breeding Department
State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute
CROP MANAGEMENT THROUGH THE YEARS
Through the achievements in crop science and production
technology over the years, agriculture is now able to feed humans
better than it could in the past. Since the beginning of crop cultivation,
work was made with limited kind of crops and the main task was to try
new methods to obtain more and more higher yields. Nowadays there
are new methods: to get yields above specific quality parameters, to
use wider spectrum of crop/species, hereto in a sustainable way.
Long-term field experiments play an essential role in
understanding the complex interactions of plants, soils, pests and their
management effects on sustainable crop production. Well managed
long-term agricultural field experiments and their related sets of
measurements provide a unique research platform for studies on the
sustainability of the soil resource. A common philosophy among
sustainable agriculture practitioners is that a "healthy" soil is a key
component of sustainability: a healthy soil will produce healthy crop
plants that have optimum vigour and are less susceptible to pests.
Furthermore, crop management systems that impair soil quality often
result in a greater input of water, nutrients, pesticides, and energy for
tillage to maintain yields accordingly, that quality demands. In
sustainable systems, the soil is viewed as a fragile and living medium
that must be protected and nurtured to ensure its long-term productivity
and stability. Also in the proposal for a Framework Directive for the
protection of the soil resource, issued in 2006 by the Commission of
the European Union has recognized that soils play a key role in carbon,
nutrient, and water storage, in the elimination of harmful substances
and organisms originating from anthropogenic activity, and constitute
a biological habitat with a unique genetic and functional biodiversity.
Thus soils are crucial in the production of food, feeds and fibres, in the
protection of water resources, and in the exchange of greenhouse gases
with the atmosphere. But, because management-induced changes in
soil properties are often slow and are only recognized after extended
periods of time, only long-term experiments with a well-documented
history provide opportunities for the effects of manipulation to be
separated from other variables. With this viewpoint in mind there are
crop scientists who established long-term soil management
experiments.
Nowadays the significance of long-termed agricultural
experiments extends beyond national interests, although every region
has their own site, with typical agro ecological conditions and their
own specific plants cultivated. Such experiments should be considered
as part of a global research resource in which short-term studies on
specific aspects of the soil resource can be embedded. Therefore it is
with great pleasure that we are welcoming participants to this
international conference, to mark the 50th anniversary of the Longterm Experiments in Priekuli which were established by Dr.agr. Vilnis
Mikelsons in 1958.
Scientists need to do a lot. Accordingly the Commission
adopted a Soil Thematic Strategy (COM(2006) 231) and a proposal for
a Soil Framework Directive (COM(2006) 232). Further research is
necessary to close the gaps in our knowledge about soil and strengthen
the foundation for policies. There is a necessity for recommendations
on processes underlying soil functions, spatial and temporal changes in
soil processes, ecological, economic and social drivers of threats to
soil, factors influencing soil eco-services, and operational procedures
and technologies for soil protection and restoration. The proposals for
the Seventh Framework Programme (2007-2013) cover research into
soil functions as part of its “Environment” and “Food, Agriculture and
Biotechnology” priority areas. I wish great success to all crop
scientists, especially those participants in this conference to join
together in fulfilling of tasks brought forward.
Dr.agr. Livija Zarina
Lead researcher, Head of Agrotechnical Department
State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute
State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute and Conference
Organizing Committee would like to thank the
conference sponsors for their valuable sponsorships:
Latvian Ministry of Agriculture
Wintersteiger AG
Latvian Council of Science
Wintersteiger reklāma
CONFERENCE PROGRAMME
Wednesday, 16th July 2008
12.00-14.00
Registration, poster mounting, refreshment
(Hotel Tigra)
14.00-18.30 Plenary session. Chair: I.Skrabule, L.Zarina (In
Hotel Tigra)
14.00-14.30
Conference opening. R.Leitens, I.Skrabule,
L.ZariĦa
14.30-15.00
D.Falk (Canada) 21st century plant
breeding: the evolution of directed
evolution
15.00-15.30
L. Zarina (Latvia) The role and
applications of long-term agro-ecological
research..
15.30-16.00
N.Rostoks (Latvia) Molecular marker
technologies for plant breeding in Latvia
16.00-16.30
Coffee break
16.30-17.00
E.
Lammerts
van
Bueren
(The
Netherlands) Developments in breeding for
organic farming systems in Europe
17.00-17.30
A.Velykis (Lithuania) Expansion of winter
crop proportion in rotation structure:
efficiency and sustainability.
17.30-18.30 Anniversary remembrance
I.Skrabule The consecution of plant breeding in Priekuli
L.Zarina. Crop management through the years
19.00
Welcome dinner (Hotel Tigra)
Thursday, 17th July 2008
Parallel sessions in Working Groups (in Hotel Tigra)
Working Group 1: Field crop breeding
1.1. Genetic resources and breeding methods. Chair:
I.Rashal
9.00-9.20
D.RuĦăis (Latvia) The Latvian Gene Bank of
Cultivated Plants
9.20-9.40
K.Annamaa (Estonia) Evaluation and
utilization of ex situ and in vitro collections
of the Estonian plant genetic resources
9.40-10.00
A.Zhuk (Latvia) Characterization of Latvian
potato genetic resources using SSR marker
DNA fingerprinting
10.00-10.20
Y. Kaya (Turkey) The path analysis in yield
traits in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
10.20-11.00
Coffee break
1.2.Biotehnological methods. Chair: N.Rostoks
11.00-11.20
A.Kokina (Latvia) Characterization of Mla
powdery mildew resistance locus in Latvian
barley varieties and breeding lines
11.20-11.40
E.Vincze (Denmark) A functional genomics
approach to understand the control and
regulation of storage protein biosynthesis in
barley grain
11.40-12.00
I.Rashal (Latvia) Creating of mapping
populations from barley varieties adapted to
the Baltic conditions
12.00-12.20
G.Brazauskas (Lithuania) The effect of tiller
number in wheat haploid production
1.3. Breeding for organic farming. Chair: I.Belicka
12.20-12.40
Ž.Liatukas, K.Razbadauskien÷, A.Leistrumait÷
(Lithuania) The main traits of winter cereals
for breeding for organic farming in Lithuania
12.40-13.00
A.Kronberga (Latvia) Triticale breeding for
organic farming
Working Group 2: Crop management
2.1. Long-term field trials- Chair: P.Viil
9.00-9.20
D.Piliksere (Latvia) Results on weed
monitoring in long-term experimental field in
Priekuli
9.20-9.40
J.Vigovskis (Latvia) The maintenance of soil
quality and reducing of environmental
pollution in long term drainage field trial
9.40-10.00
S.Maiksteniene (Lithuania) Effect of long-term
application of different fertilization on the
fertility of gleyic cambisoil
10.00-10.20
L.Zarina (Latvia) Results on monitoring of soil
quality parameters
in
the
long-term
experimental field under different fertilization
systems
10.20-11.00
Coffee break
2.2. Fertilization and liming- Chair: J.Vigovskis
11.00-11.20
A.Jermuss (Latvia) Nitrogen management
effects on spring wheat yield and protein
11.20-11.40
L.Borovko. (Latvia) The influence of fertilizers
and growth regulators on oil and protein
content in spring rape seeds
11.40-12.00
L.Agafonova (Latvia) Impact of mineral
fertilizer doses on the yield and quantity of
alfalfa on a sod-podzolic loamy sand
12.00-12.20
A. Svarta (Latvia) Influence of mineral
fertilizers and liming on the productivity and
botanical composition of perennial grass sward
12.20-12.40
L.Tripolskaja (Lithuania) The soil acidity
parameters of soils with stopped liming
12.40-13.00
D. Janušauskaite, S.Lazauskas (Lithuania) The
effect of nitrogen nutrition on the productivity
of winter triticale in the soils of central
Lithuania.
13.00-14.00
Lunch (Hotel Tigra)
Working Group 1: Field crop breeding
1.4. Breeding success stories. Chair: M.Koppel
14.00-14.20
V.Ruzgas (Lithuania) Breeding of winter
wheat varieties for end use products
14.20-14.40
A.Tsahkna (Estonia) The new potato variety
'Reet'
14.40-15.00
Z.Jankauskiene, K.Bačelis (Lithuania) New
Lithuanian fibre flax variety ‘Snaigiai’
Working Group 2: Crop management II
2.3. Tillage systems: Chair: A.Velykis
14.00-14.20
P.Viil. (Estonia) Different soil tillage effect
to crop yield
14.20-14.40
E.
Stasinskis,
D.
Lapins.
(Latvia)
Optimisation of soil tillage and weed
control in winter wheat
14.40-15.00
A.Vilde A., A.RuciĦs, S.Cesnieks (Latvia)
Soil tillage technologies and machines.
15.00-17.00
Poster session and coffee
18.00
Excursion to town Cēsis and conference
dinner in Cēsis Medieval Castle
Friday, 18th July 2008
9.00
10.30
13.00
Field tour in State Priekuli Plant Breeding
Institute
Field seminars in groups of interests (cereal
breeding,
potato breeding, long term
experiments)
Lunch, closing of conference
Abstracts of conference participants
Section I
PLANT BREEDING
1. Evaluation of genetic resources and initial material
COMPARISION OF YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS OF
WINTER AND SPRING WHEAT
Koppel R., Ingver A.
Jõgeva Plant Breeding Institute, Aamisepa 1, Jõgeva alevik, Estonia,
48 309
phone: +372 77 66 901
e-mail: [email protected]
Acreage of wheat cultivation has enlarged from 78 to 102 thousand ha
during 4 years (2004-2007). The share of winter wheat is 1/3 smaller
than that of spring wheat (but has tendency to increase). Traditionally
winter wheat is known by its higher yield potential and spring wheat
by better baking quality. In this investigation we studied how yield and
quality traits of spring and winter wheat differed at the Jõgeva PBI
trials during 2004-2007. Yield and 1000 kernel weight of winter wheat
exceeded spring wheat every year. Spring wheat had higher protein and
gluten content and volume weight. There was no clear trend for falling
number and gluten index.
According to analyses of variance, the effect of the year was greater for
yield, protein and gluten content for the both types of wheat. For
falling number the influence of the year was greater than that of the
variety for spring wheat. Volume weight depended more on the year
for spring and on the variety for winter wheat.
Key words: spring wheat, winter wheat, quality, yield
EVALUATION OF SPRING BARLEY MALTING
VARIETIES FOR BREEDING PROGRAMES
Leistrumait÷ A., Paplauskien÷ V., Mašauskien÷ A.,
Statkevičiūt÷ G.
Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Instituto al. 1, Akademija,
K÷dainiai district, Lithuania, LT-58344
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
The grain quality characters of spring barley can vary substantly due to
genetic characteristics, growing technologies and environmental
conditions. During the period 2005-2007 grain yield stability and malt
quality characteristics of malting spring barley varieties were
investigated at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture. The growing
conditions in 2005 and 2006 were dry and 2007 were rather wet
compared with the long-term mean. The high temperatures and drought
in June of 2006 impacted low grain >2.5 mm yield and high protein
content.
Using the software STABLE we estimated the stability of malting
barley quality traits as affected by the weather conditions during the
crop year, genotype properties for varieties, as well as the interactions
of variety and weather conditions. The selection of varieties promising
in terms of grain yield, >2.5 mm grain yield and extract yield, was
based on their ability to realize the genetic potential in various growing
conditions. Consequently, the highest sum of integral assessment of
grain yield and grain >2.5 mm yield was identified for the varieties
‘Tocada’, ‘Justina‘, ‘Cruiser’, ‘Scarlett‘ and ‘Annabell’. The varieties
which exhibited high grain yield stability and were distinguished by
high grain quality, diseases resistance and other agronomic traits were
involved in further breeding programs.
Key words: spring barley, varieties, yield stability, malting quality
traits
IDENTIFICATION OF FLAX LINES OF THE LATVIAN
ORIGIN SUITABLE FOR THE OIL FLAX BREEDING
Grauda D.1; 2, Stramkale V.1, Nagle I.1, Poiša L.1, Miėelsone A.2,
Rashal I.2
1
Agricultural Science Centre of Latgale, Kulturas sq. 1, Vilani,
Rezekne distr., LV-4650, Latvia
phone: +371 29465004
e-mail: [email protected]
2
Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Miera Street 3, Salaspils,
LV-2169, Latvia,
phone: +371 67945435
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Presently in Latvia there are not local oil flax varieties suitable for the
Latvian weather conditions. The drawback of the best foreign varieties
is too long vegetation period. Therefore repatriation and investigation
of the Latvian flax genetic resources became a very actual task. 93 flax
accessions of the Latvian origin created and collected before the
Second World War were repatriated from several plant seed gene
banks. They were evaluated for 10 agronomically important traits: flax
total plant height, technical plant height, number of seed vessels,
logging resistance, vegetation period, yield of straws and seeds, 1000
seeds weight, bast fibre, number of seeds in a seed vessel. Results of
field trials in 2006 and 2007 were summarized. Special attention was
paid to the identification of lines with short vegetation period, good
logging resistance and seed yield. For best lines oil content and quality
(including balance of unsaturated fatty acids) was determined. Some
local genotypes were superior in mentioned traits in comparison with
the oil flax standard variety ‘Lirina’.
Key words: oil flax, breeding, field trials
THE VARIATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF WINTER WHEAT MATERIAL
IN 2006-2007
Haljak M., Koppel R., Ingver A.
Jõgeva Plant Breeding Institute, Aamisepa 1, Jõgeva 48309, Estonia
phone: +372 7766901
e- mail: [email protected]
In 2000 Estonia joined the International Union Of Protection Of New
Varieties (UPOV). For that reason changed requirements for a new
variety. The UPOV deals with variety protection. The law of variety
protection came into force in Estonia in 1994. Determination of
distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) by UPOV was started at
the Jõgeva Plant breeding institute in 2002.
The winter wheat material was tested in the period of 2006-2007. By
the UPOV protocol there were 26 characteristics tested the both in the
field and laboratory. For this article 12 the most distinctive ones were
selected. The following features were estimated: the anthocyanin
coloration of auricles of flag leaf, the hairiness of auricles of flag leaf,
the width of flag leaf, the frequency of plants with recurved flag
leaves, the glaucosity of sheath of flag leaf, the claucosity of neck of
culm, the glaucosity of ear, the hairiness of upper node of culm, the ear
shape in profile, the ear density, the ear color, the length of scurs.
The most varied characteristics were the anthocyanin coloration of
auricles of flag leaf, the frequency of plants with recurved flag leaves
and the length of scurs. The most uniform characteristic was the ear
color.
Key words: winter wheat, UPOV, morphological characteristics
THE EXAMINATION OF DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY
AND STABILITY OF PEA VARIETIES IN POLAND
Lenartowicz K., Borys J., Lenartowicz T.
COBORU Slupia Wielka, 63-022 Slupia Wielka
[email protected]
In Poland all activities connected with statutory plant variety
examination and the maintenance of the National Register and the
Register of Plant Breeders Rights are provided by the Research Centre
for Cultivar Testing (COBORU) located in Slupia Wielka. Poland, as a
member of UPOV since 1989 follows the UPOV Convention and acts
according to UPOV regulations. According to Polish Seed Act every
variety of pea must pass the examination of distinctness, uniformity
and stability (DUS testing) before listing and/or being granted
protection.
The DUS testing procedures for Polish requirements are based on the
UPOV Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness,
Uniformity and Stability of Pea (TP/7/1). This Protocol prepared by
Community Plant Variety Office and is based on general UPOV
Document TG/1/3 and UPOV Guideline TG/7/9 + Corr. prepared by
the UPOV Technical Working Parties.
The protocol includes the botanical characteristics and some of them
(16) are used for grouping. The agricultural pea varieties are included
into the National Register on additional condition of satisfactory value
for cultivation and use (VCU). The variety testing is carried out usually
for two or three years at the Experimental Stations for Cultivar Testing
(SDOO) which belong to COBORU..
An applicant (a breeder or his representative) who wants a variety to be
registered makes an application with completed the Technical
Questionnaire to COBORU. He has to pay registration fees for
expenses for examination and he has to deliver seed for official tests.
The organization and procedure of the examination of DUS of pea
varieties for Polish requirements are outlined.
EVALUATION AND UTILIZATION OF EX SITU AND IN
VITRO COLLECTIONS OF THE ESTONIAN PLANT
GENETIC RESOURCES
Annamaa K.1, Kotkas K.2, Tamm I.1 Kukk V.1
1)
Jõgeva Plant Breeding Institute, Aamisepa 1, Jõgeva, Estonia, 48309
2)
Department of Plant Biotechnology EVIKA, Estonian Research
Institute of Agriculture, Teaduse 6a, Saku, Harjumaa, Estonia, 75501
phone: +372 7766901, e-mail: [email protected]
The Estonian government has responded to the global efforts for
conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity with ratifying
international agreements and establishing the National Programme on
Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Collection,
identification and conservation of plant genetic material of Estonian
origin as well establishing the network were the essential activities of
the National Programme. Since genetic resources provide the initial
material for plant breeders and scientists, systematic detailed
investigations and improved use of genetic resources are required.
In this study evaluation of 13 oat and 59 potato accessions conserved
in the Estonian ex situ and in vitro genebank was conducted.
Descriptors for evaluation were selected from the Descriptor Lists
developed by the working groups of the European Cooperative
Programme for Plant Genetic Resources and promoted by the
Bioversity International. The results of the current study will be used in
updating the databases of plant genetic resources and these data are
applicable in plant breeding for further utilization of accessions.
Key words: genebank, plant breeding, oats, potato
CHARACTERISATION OF LATVIAN POTATO
GENETIC RESOURCES USING SSR MARKER DNA
FINGERPRINTING
Zuka A. 1 Veinberga I. 1, Skrabule I.2, RuĦăis D.1
1
Genetic Resource Centre, Rīgas 111, Salapils LV-2169, Latvia
e-mail: [email protected]
2
State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute, 1a Zinatnes, Priekuli, Cesis,
Modern cultivated potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp.
tuberosum) are vegetatively reproduced every year for cultivation and
breeding purposes. Currently, identification of potato varieties is based
on phenotypic characteristics, which are difficult to distinguish, timeconsuming and often could be affected by environment (growing
conditions), results in a high risk of mis-identification. Molecular
markers technologies can assist in the identification and resolution of
plant varieties.
Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers are highly polymorphic,
abundant in the potato genome and co-dominant. The use of the
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fragment length detection with
fluorescent labels makes the use of SSR genotyping simple, fast and
robust, and the obtained data comparable and reproducible. Therefore
SSR markers are highly efficient for differentiation of plant varieties.
Obtained fingerprints could be used for plant variety registration,
protection of plant breeder’s rights and tests of purity for plant
producers.
Pedigree information about potato varieties is often incomplete, as is
the case for Latvian potato varieties. Therefore the second important
application of DNA markers is to help investigate the genetic diversity
and degree of relatedness in potato germplasm resources and to assist
parental line selection for breeding programs.
Key words: potato, SSR markers, DNA fingerprinting
THE LATVIAN GENE BANK OF CULTIVATED PLANTS
RuĦăis D.1 , Gailīte A. 1, Gaile A. 1, Zuka A. 1, Veinberga I. 1,
Kronberga A.2, Lācis G. 3
1
Genetic Resource Centre, Rīgas iela 111, Salapils LV-2169, Latvia
e-mail: [email protected]
2
State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute, Zinatnes 1a, Priekuli, Cesis
distr.,
e-mail: [email protected]
3
Latvian State Institute of Fruit-Growing, Graudu Str.1, Dobele LV3701 Latvia
The Latvian Gene Bank (LGB) preserves genetic resources mainly of
Latvian origin and is supported by Latvian Ministry of Agriculture.
The main functions of the LGB are: conservation of plant genetic
resources which include seed preparation and storage and periodic seed
testing; seed distribution and genetic resource documentation. The
database has been built using the SESTO documentation system
developed and hosted by the Nordic Gene Bank. Altogether, 72 species
from 38 genera are represented. Currently, seed accessions of the
majority of Latvian crop cultivars are represented in the LGB, and are
available for distribution. The main passport data, germination and
storage information are available through the SESTO database. To
promote utilization of germplasm, evaluation and characterization of
plant genetic resources using plant descriptors and DNA fingerprinting
has been started in 2006 by experts from various plant breeding
institutions in Latvia. The system of descriptors for the main field and
horticultural crop species was developed in 2006.
Key words: Latvian Gene Bank, plant genetic resources
RENEWAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION
OF LATVIAN MELON (Cucumis melo L.) GENETIC
RESOURCES
Līga Lepse 1, Andris BāliĦš 2, Ilze Veinberga 3, Dainis RuĦăis 3
1
– Pūre Horticultural Research Centre, Abavas iela 2, Pūre, Tukuma
raj., LV-3124, Latvia. e-mail: [email protected]
2
– Latvia University of Agriculture, Lielā iela 2, Jelgava, LV -3001;
3
– Genetic Resource Centre, LVMI „Silava“, Rigas iela 111, Salaspils,
LV-2169, Latvia ([email protected])
Latvia is at the northern boundary of melon (Cucumis melo L.)
growing in open-field conditions. The first local varieties were bred at
the beginning of the 20th century using Russian and Western European
varieties. These varieties vere well adopted for Latvian climatical
conditions, with tolerance to low temperature and resistance to
different pathogens. In the following years seed production was
performed in insufficient quality and therefore genotypes were
destroyed because of cross-pollinating of different varieties.
Homogenisation and dividing of the local melon population into
distinctive lines was started in 2003 at Pūre Horticultural Research
Station with the aim to derive homogeneous lines of excellent taste and
rich aroma, early ripening and high resistance to pathogens.
In 2006 and 2007, five of the most promising inbred lines and siblines
were evaluated according to phenology, morphological features,
organoleptical evaluation. Molecular markers (SSRs) were used to
fingerprint these melon lines acquired from the local population and
Europe varieties. Successive generations of inbred lines were
fingerprinted to determine the success of homogenization. Using SSR
fingerprinting, the genetic diversity and relationships within Latvian
melon germplasm could be determined.
Key words: melon, genetic resources, SSR fingerprinting
GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT ON GRAIN
QUALITY OF SPRING BARLEY
Bleidere M.
State Stende Cereal Breeding Institute, p. Dizstende, Talsi region,
Latvia, LV-3258
Phone: +371 26229659
e-mail: [email protected]
Causes of variation found in quantitative characters could be due to
both genotype and environment effect and its interraction. Fifty two
spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes were used for
investigation. The objective of this study was to examine the genotype
and year effects on variation of grain quality traits (1000 grain weight,
test weight, starch, crude protein, crude fat, β-glucan, crude fibre,
crude ash and phosphorus). Field experiments were carried out at the
State Stende cereal breeding institute from 2004 to 2006. Analysis of
variance showed that there were significant effect of genotype (p<0.01)
on all grain quality , while the year effect were significant for all
except β-glucan and 1000 grain weight. Coefficient of determination
(η2%), measuring the relative importance of each single factor showed
starch (72,8), crude protein (78,5), β-glucan (84,0), crude fibre (90,7),
1000 grain weight (80,6) and test weight (95,5) to be governed mainly
by the genotype. The high values of broad sense heritability (above
0,60) obtained for starch, crude protein, β-glucan, crude fibre, 1000
grain weight and test weight. These data suggest that these traits can be
improved fairly easily by breeding.
Key words: spring barley, grain quality, analysis of variance, broad
sense heritability
YIELD AND QUALITY OF WINTER RYE IN TRIALS AT
JÕGEVA PBI
Tupits I.
Jõgeva Plant Breeding Institute, Aamisepa 1, 48309 Jõgeva alevik,
Estonia
phone: +372 776 6918,
e-mail: [email protected]
Rye breed has been a staple food for centuries in Estonia, Latvia, and
Lithuania. The aim of the investigation was to compare the yield and
the quality of winter rye varieties and breeds from all three countries in
Estonian climatic and soil condition. Varieties Elvi (Estonia), Kaupo
(Latvia), and Joniai (Lithuania) and breeds J 92-5 (Estonia), LAT 9504
(Latvia), and LIT 426 (Lithuania) were sown using conventional
cultivation in three series of trials (2005–2007) at Jõgeva Plant
Breeding Institute. Weather conditions of trial years were different. No
winter damage of any varieties or breeds was observed. The main
result was that all varieties and breeds had high yielding potential. In
three years average, the highest yield had variety Elvi and breed LAT
9504. The thousand-kernel weight (TKW) exceeded 30 g in all trial
years and was the highest in 2005. The falling number (FN) was
suitable for bread baking in an average, but FN of Joniai and of breed
LIT 426 was the lowest in all years. In wet conditions, harvest of those
varieties must be completed fast.
Key words: winter hardiness, disease resistance, yield, quality
WINTER AND SPRING WHEAT BREEDING FOR
SPECIAL PURPOSES
Strazdina V., Sturite I.
State Stende Cereals Breeding Institute, p/o Dizstende, Talsi reg.,
Latvia LV-3258
phone:+37163291288, e-mail: [email protected]
Wheat is very important crop in Latvia , sowing area varies between
15000-18000 ha. Wheat is grown both under conventional and organic
conditions. Traditionally wheat grain is used for food and feed. In the
last year’s interest for alternative use of wheat grains, e.g. bioethanol
production has increased. The trials of 25 winter and 10 spring wheat
varieties were sown at the Stende Cereals Breeding Institute. There
were included varieties both registered in Latvian crop varieties List
and perspective ones. The main objective of the research was to
evaluate the varieties agronomical and grain quality and to determine
their suitability for concrete processing purpose. The results showed
that most of winter wheat varieties were suitable for bread baking.
There is need for varieties characterized with good winter hardiness,
resistant to diseases and high starch content that might be suitable for
bioethanol production.
Key words: winter and spring wheat varieties, grain quality
POSSIBILITIES TO GROW OATS FOR FOOD IN
LATVIA
Sanita Zute, Mara Gruntina, Solveiga Malecka
State Stende Cereals Breeding Institute
Dižstende, Talsi region, Latvia
e-mail.: [email protected]
In order to improve a nutrient content of oat food products, there is a
need for good quality grains. In our study, 16 oat varieties grown in the
field trial (2005-2007) at the State Stende Cereals breeding Institute
and 79 oat samples collected from different farms in Latvia were
analysed for volume weight, 1000 grain weight, husk content, crude
protein and fat. One of grain processing enterprise Rigas Dzirnavnieks
Ltd has determined criteria for oats for food. The grains have to have a
volume weight higher than 480 g l-1 and husk content below 25%.
Results of experimental trial showed that these demands are accessible.
The grain volume weight ranged from 490 to 525 g l-1, 1000 grain
weight from 33.7 to 38.4 g, the husk content from 20.6 to 31.2%, the
crude protein content from 95 to 151 g kg-1 and the crude fat content
from 31 to 65 g kg-1. However, only four of 16 analysed oat varieties
met the standards requested for food quality. The analyses of oat
samples collected from farms showed generally lower grain quality
than the analysed grain samples from experimental fields. More than
40% of collected samples contained above 25% husk. Thus, obtained
oat quality under farming conditions is more difficult than under
experimental conditions.
Key words: oats, grain quality, volume weight, husk content
DIVERSITY OF AGROMORFOLOGICAL
CHARACTERISTICS IN WHITE CLOVER (TRIFOLIUM
REPENS L.) BREEDING MATERIAL
I. Dzene, A. Jansons, B. Jansone, L. TiltiĦa
Agency of LUA Research Institute of Agriculture, Skriveri,
Zemkopibas instituts 7, Latvia, LV-5125
e-mail: [email protected]
White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is most important component of a
numerous association in pasture. Agency of LUA Research Institute of
Agriculture starts investigation of breeding material with the aim to
create a new variety.
During 2004 - 2007 year small plot trials was established. In the
collection of white clover were taken 46 accessions from different
geographical places.
In sowing year we estimate several agromorfological observations:
highness of sward, leaf and root weight, root length, winter hardiness,
earliness, determined time of blossom, weight of 10 flower heads, and
measure length of sprouts.
13 varieties overcome standard variety Daile (20.0 cm) in highness of
sward. Weight of 10 leafs diversify from 2.04 g – local wild accession
till 14.25 g – variety Probstheidaer Weiβklee. 18 varieties were better
as standard in root weight.
In the first year of use with good winter hardiness (10 points)
characterizes varieties: Menna, Atoliai, Bitunai, Suduviai, Steinacher,
Gigant, Huia, Юбилеиный, and Meeroi. Only variety Huia (7.73 g)
overcame standard (7.58 g) in weight of 10 flower heads.
The differences between white clover accessions of agromorfological
characteristics were highly significant.
Key words: agromorfological characteristic, breeding, diversity,
white clover.
2. Application of breeding methods
21ST CENTURY PLANT BREEDING; THE EVOLUTION
OF DIRECTED EVOLUTION
Falk, Duane E.
Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of
Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada; email: [email protected]
Plant breeding began, by default, with human cultivation of plants nearly
10,000 years ago and quickly led to their domestication as a result of natural
selection toward adaptation to the new cultivated environment. Natural
selection, augmented by human preferential harvesting and planting of
specific phenotypes, resulted in the creation of many locally adapted,
reasonably productive land races. These land races were later exploited
through the isolation of homogeneous populations of pure lines as varieties;
this was concurrent with increased mechanization in planting, harvesting and
processing operations. The discovery of Mendel’s work at the beginning of
the 20th century resulted in the application of genetics to plant breeding and
the use of hybridization as a plant breeding tool. Thus ‘directed evolution’ as
the science of plant breeding came into being. New discoveries in genetics
through the past 100 years (quantitative genetics, polyploidy, induced
mutations, male sterility, understanding of DNA and molecular biology,
haploidy, genetic transformation) were rapidly applied as plant breeding tools
to make the development of new varieties more effective, efficient and
economical. Breeders have an ever-increasing tool chest of technology at
their disposal. The challenge in breeding is to determine which of this
multitude of bio-tools are the most appropriate to maximize short-term,
accelerated evolution for specific objectives in defined populations with
limited budgets. As the 21st century unfolds, plant breeding has evolved into a
very effective, directed, evolutionary process which sustains human
civilization, as we know it.
ESTIMATE OF HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY
IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.) FOR EAR WEIGHT (EW) USING
DIALLEL CROSSING METHOD
Aliu S.1, Fetahu Sh.1, Salillari A2.
1
University of Prishtina ,Faculty of Agriculture, St “Bill Clinton”,
10000, Kosova-UNMIK
2
Agriculture University of Tirana, Faculty of Agriculture, Albania
e-mail: [email protected]
All quantitative trait, and in this context the ear of weight are
determined from the genotype, agro ecological and agro-technical
factors. A diallel cross between inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.)
with medium maturity was carried out and evaluate to estimate genetic
parameters for ear weight (EW). Researching includes 10 inbreed lines
that had been in diallel crossing for GCA and SCA. The formula that
gives component of genetic variance for GCA and SCA was Griffing’s
formula (1956), method 2, mathematic model I. Xij=µ+gi+gj+sij+e, was
calculated for EW to detect the relative importance of additive and non
additive gene effects. Additive gene effects were more important than
non-additive effects for EW. With maximal PH where heterozygote
combination from inbreed lines L6X L10, xg =376.2g/ear, while
minimal value was combination L1xL10=240g/ear. The experimental
average value of F1 generation was µ=308.1 g/ear. With Maximal and
minimal average differences for EW of F1 generation were + 68.1 g/ear
or 23%, respectively – 68.1 g/ear or 23%, comparing with value µ. The
total variability between genotypes was ± 68.1 % with high
significance. ANOVA for combination ability of GCA and SCA for
EW were with high phenotypes differences that were significance for
level P ≤ 0.05 and 0.01.
Key words: maize inbreed line, GCA, SCA, combination ability diallel analysis, ear weight
NEW BUCKWHEAT HYBRIDS EVALUATION FOR
INHERITANCE
OF
VALUABLE
AGRONOMIC
FEATURES
Romanovskaja D., Ražukas A.
Voke Branch of Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Žalioji a. 2,
Vilnius LT-02232, Lithuania,
phone: +370 52645439, e-mail: [email protected]
Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) breeding work is
provided at Voke Branch of Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture since
1999 year. Buckwheat varieties are bread using hybridisation, massive
and individual selection methods. Selected the best buckwheat
genotypes are assessed evaluating grain yield and size, plant stability to
lie flat and other valuable biometric features.
As the result of breeding work was selected new buckwheat cultivar
'VB Vokiai'. New cultivar gives higher yield than other cultivars,
maturity is early - vegetation period is 86 days, produces big size grain
– 1000 grains average mass is 32,2 g, plants mean height is low – 86
cm. Variety ‘VB Vokiai’ was included into European variety list in
2006 year.
The main aim of this research work was to explore buckwheat hybrids
seedlings phenotype inheritance of the crossings provided during 20012004 years. The general idea of buckwheat breeding was to create high
yielding, big size grains and short stem buckwheat cultivars. Trials
were performed with 144 hybrids numbers. Big size grains and short
stems inheritance had 46.0 - 47.6% selected hybrids. Buckwheat
inheritance consistent patterns have great influence in the breeding
work for the big size and short stem buckwheat cultivars.
Key words: buckwheat breeding, buckwheat features inheritance,
new buckwheat hybrids
POTATO TESTING FOR RESISTANCE TO CANCER IN
BELARUS
Sereda G. М., Zhukova М. I., Gurlenya N. N.
RUC, Institute of plant protection, 223011, Мира, 2 St., p. Priluki
Мinsk region, Belarus
phone: (017) 5092658,
e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
A retrospective analysis is presented and a history of potato cancer (a
fungus Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perc.) study in Belarus is
shown , its harmfulness and intraspecific diversity of quarantine
important agent considering the peculiarities of the parasite spread in
different agroclimatic zones of the Republic. It is shown that the most
economically expedient and ecologically safe method of overcoming
losses against the diseases is a development and introduction to
production cancer-resistant potato varieties. Purposeful creation of
resistant to cancer varieties is visualized as a demand of State
importance. Substantiation is given and the results of immunological
evaluation of potato breeding material for cancer resistance from the
leading breeding institutions of Belarus and Russia for 2003-2007 are
presented.
The hybrids having the symptoms of infection at least on one plant are
considered to be the susceptible ones. The resistant ones are those if
not a single plant of the sample is infected and 75 % or more of
susceptible variety plants are infected.
Based on preliminary testing data for the period of 2003-2007
resistance of potato variety samples and hybrids has changed from 82,3
to 100%, what has made, on the average, by years 88,0%, for this, the
evaluation of State testing has shown a symptom change from 86,7 to
94,1%, or, on the average, – 91,7%.
Key words: potato, potato cancer, resistance
THE PATH ANALYSIS IN YIELD TRAITS IN
SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L)
Kaya Y.¹, Evci G.¹, Pekcan V.¹, GucerT.¹, Durak S.¹, Yilmaz M. I.¹
Trakya Agricultural Research Institute, PO BOX: 16, 22100 Edirne,
Turkey
e-mail: [email protected]
Seed yield is quantitative character influenced highly from
environmental factors in sunflower. Sunflower breeders should know
that which characters influence more the seed yield and their
relationships. The path coefficient analysis helps the breeders to
explain direct and indirect effects and hence has extensively been used
in breeding work in different crop species by various researchers. The
research was conducted in Trakya Agricultural Research Institute
fields in Edirne province, which has 20% of sunflower production in
Turkiye between 1999 and 2005. Total 2932 sunflower hybrids were
tested in 118 trials in this project (the 635 hybrids in 26 yield trials in
1999, 650 hybrids in 23 trials in 2000, 457 hybrids in 17 trials in 2001,
365 hybrids in 15 trials in 2002, 176 hybrids in 8 trials in 2003, 295
hybrids in 13 yield trials in 2004 and 355 hybrids in 16 trials in 2005).
These hybrids were evaluated based on seed yield and other yield
components by yield performance and path analysis in the conducted
trials based on National Sunflower Research Project to estimate the
heritable variation, relationship among yield components and the best
selection criteria for yield improvement in sunflower in different
climatic conditions in several years in Edirne – Turkey conditions. The
1000 seed weight gave highest contribution to breeding for higher
yield and head diameter and plant height followed it respectively based
on path and simple correlation analysis both in dry and rainy growing
seasons.
Key words: sunflower, hybrid, seed yield, yield traits, path analysis
THE RIPE SYSTEM: AN EFFICIENT, EFFECTIVE
RECURRENT SELECTION PROCEDURE FOR BARLEY
Falk D. E.
Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of
Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
phone: 1-519-824-4120 ext 53579
email: [email protected]
Recurrent selection is one of the most effective methods of
accumulating desirable alleles for specific traits in a breeding
population. Recurrent selection has proven to be effective in many
species. Superior individuals are used as parents in further cycles, as
germplasm, and/or as cultivars. Recurrent selection has not been
widely applied to self-pollinated crops because of the number of
crosses needed for population development and recombination, and the
length of the breeding cycle. These limitations have been overcome in
barley through the use of genetic male sterility (linked to a xeniaexpressing shrunken endosperm marker gene for efficient crossing),
combined with controlled environments for accelerated generation
advance, offseason nurseries for seed increase, and rapid, effective
yield and agronomic evaluation. The development and evolution of the
Recurrent Introgressive Population Enrichment (RIPE) system in
barley will be described and discussed. Results of using this system to
develop superior new cultivars of barley will be reported. A number of
superior barley cultivars with high yield potential and good stability,
improved agronomic and seed quality traits, and increased disease
resistance have been developed through the use of the RIPE system
and are now widely cultivated in Eastern Canada. This method of
achieving rapid evolutionary response in a population is applicable to
most other crop species.
Keywords: barley, recurrent selection
VARIATION OF POTATO MERISTEM CLONES - NEW
FACTS FOR SCIENCE AND PRACTICE
Rosenberg V., Kotkas K., Särekanno M., Ojarand A.
Department of Plant Biotechnology EVIKA of ERIA, Teaduse 6a,
Saku 75501, Estonia
phone: +372 6041484
e-mail: [email protected]
In vitro regenerated plantlets obtained through virus-eradication
procedure were preserved as meristem clones in vitro. The progeny of
each meristem was the basis for meristem clone. The agronomic traits
of meristem clones were evaluated in field trials. Late blight resistance
of meristem clones was determinate in vitro level, where the plants
were inoculated with pure culture of P. infestans and as well as in field.
More than 600 meristem clones of 40 varieties have been studied a
long time period. The results showed that meristem clones differed on
the yield, starch content and disease resistance. For example, the yield
of 16 meristem clones of variety Agrie Dzeltenie varied from 32.4 to
51.4 t/ha as an average of three trial years. The higher resistance to late
blight of one meristem clone variety Bintje was superior to the others
also for the yield and starch content. On variety Ants there was no
clear correlation between the susceptibility to late blight and yield. The
most resistance meristem clone gave the yield of 38.1 t/ha and the
moderately susceptible clone – 51.8 t/ha. We can conclude that it is
possible to improve the agronomic traits of potato varieties by
selecting the meristem clones and this phenomenon can be used in seed
production and in breeding.
Keywords: potato meristem, meristem clones, yield
BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS – BREEDING FOR
TOLERNACE
Veskrna, O.; Horčička, P.; Chrpova, J.*; Sip, V.*; Vejl, P.x;
Slamova, Lx
SELTON, s.r.o., Stupice 24, 250 84 Sibrina, *RICP Prague-Ruzyne,
x
CZU Prague
phone: +420 602267750e-mail: [email protected]
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV) is transmitted by several species
of aphids and causes one of the most important cereal virus disease
which is spread worldwide on wheat, barley and other cereals.
Management of disease is mainly achieved trough control of vectors,
the cereal aphids, by insecticide application. The most effective and
sustainable control method is the use of genetic resistance/tolerance to
the virus complex. BYDV was first recorded in Czech Republic by
Vacke (1964). The three serotypes (PAV, RMV and RPV) were found,
with PAV being dominant. Heavy attacks on barley and wheat crops
by BYDV had been recorded in the Czech Republic in the years 198384, 1988-89, 1990-91 and 2002-03. In RICP Prague-Ruzyně the
materials obtained from CIMMYT and ICARDA breeding
(ALME2YDRES), Chile, Canada, USA, Australia, Hungary and
Poland, together with advanced breeding lines and registered spring
and winter wheat cultivars from Czech have been tested for resistance
to BYDV. We also tested genotypes with Bdv2 resistance gene from
wheat/Thinopyrum translocation. Preliminary results didn’t approved
resistance of genotypes with Bdv2 gene to BYDV-PAV. This work is
supported by GACR (521/05/H013) and NAZV (QG 50073).
Key words: wheat, barley yellow dwarf virus, Bdv2 resistance gene
SCREENING OF FROST RESISTANCE IN WINTER
WHEAT BREEDING
Veskrna, O.; Horčička, P.; Skala, R.; Hromadko, M.; Prasilova,
P.*; Prášil, T.I.*
SELGEN, a.s. Stupice 24, 250 84 Sibrina, *RICP Prague-Ruzyne
phone: +420 602267750e-mail: [email protected]
The wheat winter hardiness is complex trait depending on the genotype
(variety) and the environment. The winter hardiness includes not only
low temperature resistance but also other effects like breaking and
exposing roots, long time ice or snow coverage and many others. Frost
resistance is determined genetically and there is a significant variability
among varieties. Current level of the plant hardening is affected by
weather conditions preceding low temperatures. The required frost
resistance level in winter wheat differs in accordance with
geographical location and weather condition. Varieties with the midwinter hardiness level are sufficient in the Czech Republic. These
varieties are able to survive without larger damage the temperatures in
the depth of internodes between -12° and -14° C. Large planting of
varieties with the low winter hardiness could come to significant losses
in critical winters. Methods for winter hardiness evaluation uses
namely direct effect of low temperatures, which causes plant damage
and necrosis. The goal of this work is evaluating winter hardiness tests,
which enable us to find out winter hardiness of different varieties even
by insufficient selection pressure in field conditions.
Key words: winter wheat, winter hardiness, frost tests
3. Biotechnology methods in plant breeding
ALLELIC DIVERSITY OF THE AMY32B GENE IN
LATVIAN BARLEY CULTIVARS AND BREEDING
LINES
L. Sarnavska1, I. Belicka2, L. Legzdina3, M. Bleidere2, O. Sugoka1,
and T. Sjakste1
1
Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology of the University
of Latvia, Latvia
2
State Stende Cereal Breeding Institute, Latvia
3
State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute, Latvia a
Barley Amy32b gene encodes one of the endorspem-specific alphaamylases. Amy32b gene is a member of group of alpha-amylases genes
localized on the chromosome 7H. Amy32b gene locus is possibly
linked to another alpha-amylase gene HvAmy2 and is closely linked to
the nud (naked, hull-less phenotype) locus. Amy32b gene contains four
exons and three introns and is extremely conservative in barley. cSNP
(coding region single nucleotide polymorphism) G2270→A of exon IV
leads to substitution of glutamine by lysine (E355 → K355) and was
found to be associated with hull-less phenotype in barley (Polakova et
al., 2005). The G2270→A polymorphism as well as intron II Xba I
restriction site polymorphism was genotyped in Latvian barley
cultivars, their ancestors and modern breeding lines. Results on allelic
diversity and perspectives of the Amy32b polymorphisms application
in marker-assisted selection (MAS) will be presented and discussed in
the report.
Key words: Barley, Amy32b gene
MOLECULAR MARKER TECHNOLOGIES FOR PLANT
BREEDING IN LATVIA
Rostoks N.1, LegzdiĦa L.2, Skrabule I.2, Bleidere M.3, Zute S.3
1
Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 4 Kronvalda Blvd., Riga,
LV-1586, Latvia
2
State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute, Zinatnes str. 1a, Priekuli, Cesu
rajons, LV-4126, Latvia
3
State Stende Cereals Breeding Institute, Dizstende, Libagu pagasts,
Talsu rajons, Latvia; e-mail: [email protected]
Molecular marker technologies have the potential to facilite the
traditionally time-consuming and largely empirical plant breeding
process. Availability of whole genome sequence of rice and genebased marker systems for the major European crop plants will
eventually provide scientists and breeders with efficient approaches to
develop novel varieties with precisely defined properties. There has
been a significant advance in development of high throughput
molecular marker platforms for crop plants, such as Illumina SNP
genotyping platform for barley or DArT genotyping platform for
barley, wheat, oat and potato. At the same time, there are a number of
robust, low cost and relatively simple marker technologies that can be
applied directly to plant breeding even in smaller breeding companies
and institutes. University of Latvia, State Priekuli Plant Breeding
Institute and State Stende Cereals Breeding Institute are collaborating
within the framework of Latvian National programme in
Agrobiotechnology to assess genetic diversity in the Latvian
germplasm of barley, oat and potato using DArT platform. Along with
high throughput technology, robust molecular markers are developed
for the major adaptive traits such as diseases resistance and for traits
related to food quality.
Key words: molecular markers, barley, oat, potato, genotyping
MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION FOR MALTING
QUALITY IN LATVIA: FIRST EXPERIENCE
O. Sugoka1, I. Belicka2, L. Legzdina3, M. Bleidere2, L. Sarnavska1,
and T. Sjakste1
1
Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology of the University
of Latvia, Latvia
2
State Stende Cereal Breeding Institute, Latvia
3
State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute, Latvia
Nowadays barley is a second cultivated crop in Latvia. Traditionally
Latvian barley accessions belong to intermediate malting-forage type
and are mostly derived from North European and Moravian ancestors.
A major goal of barley genome research is to develop and implement
strategies for the isolation of agronomically important genes, to
understand the genetic control of economic traits, including those
quantitative in nature, which will eventually provide new and
improved breeding strategies and stocks towards significant
improvement in barley production. Genes encoding enzymes of
carbohydrate metabolism appear to be the most important for
determination of many useful traits including barley malting quality.
The endosperm specific beta-amylase is a key enzyme involved in the
seed storage starch degradation during malting process. Bmy1 gene of
several allelic forms encodes enzymes of different thermostability
and/or kinetic properties correspondingly. For the first time in Latvia,
the test on the allelic presentation of the endosperm specific barley
Bmy1 gene was applied to the barley breeding material. Results of the
first experience as well as perspectives for the marker-assisted
selection (MAS) in Latvia will be presented and discussed in the
report.
Key words: barley, malting quality, marker assisted selection
GENETIC FINGERPRINTING OF LATVIAN RED
CLOVER (TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE L.) VARIETIES:
COMPARISONS OVER SPACE AND TIME
BērziĦa I.1, Rašals Ī.2, Zuka A.3, Veinberga I.3 RuĦăis D.3
1
State PriekuĜi Plant Breeding Institute, Zinatnes 1a, PriekuĜi, Cēsis
distr.
2
Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Miera 3, Salaspils, LV-2169
3
Genetic Resource Centre, Rīgas 111, Salapils LV-2169, Latvia
e-mail: [email protected]
We have established SSR marker genetic fingerprinting protocols for
red clover varieties found in the Latvian Gene Bank (LGB). As red
clover is an obligate outcrosser, and the varieties are grown and
renewed in the field without any particular isolation techniques, a high
degree of intra-varietal heterogeneity is to be expected.
We analysed 12 varieties, both diploid and tetraploid, which were
developed in three different breeding stations. We tested seeds from
these varieties that were placed into the LGB in 1999 and 2000. In
addition, we analysed a range of source material for one variety
(PriekuĜi 66). For this variety, we tested seeds that were repatriated
from the VIR institute (placed into the VIR collection in 1982), the
samples from the LGB (1999), and also plant material grown in the
field this year (2007).
By analysing samples from various sources, we can examine the effect
of space (varieties developed at different breeding stations), as well as
time (repatriated seeds, LGB seeds, and current crop), in an obligate
outcrossing crop species, where intra-varietal heterogeneity is high.
Key words: red clover, Trifolium pratense L., genetic
fingerprinting, Latvian Gene Bank, plant genetic resources
BARLEY
AND
WHEAT
ANTHER
CULTURE
OPTIMIZATION FOR OBTAINING OF DOUBLE
HAPLOID LINES
Grauda D.1, Kokina I.2, LapiĦa L.1, Miėelsone A.1, Rashal I.1
1
Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Miera Street 3, Salaspils,
Latvia , LV-2169,
phone: +371 67945435,
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
2
University of Daugavpils, Vienības Str. 13, Latvia, LV-5401,
phone +371 26596642
email: [email protected]
Goal of this work was to find out the best protocols for producing DH
lines by anther culture from barley, spring wheat and winter wheat
hybrids from parents with unknown androgenic response. As an initial
material breeder’s F1, F2 and F3 hybrids were used. The cold (+4 ºC, 14
days) pre-treatment were applied for all used crops. For barley pretreatment mannitol (62 g/L) with and without CuSO4 x 5H2O (2.5
mg/L) were used as well for 4 days. Barley spikes were sterilized 4
min by 70% ethanol, wheat spikes – 17 min by 50% solution of bleach.
Barley anthers were cultivated either on the solid or liquid (C3, FHG
and FHG with 2.5 mg/l CuSO4 x 5H2O) induction mediums, wheat
anthers either on the 190-0, AMC or AMC with 2.5 mg/l CuSO4 x
5H2O induction mediums. Green plant-regenerants of barely were
obtained only if pre-treatment by mannitol were used. AMC medium
was the best for wheat embryo obtaining but higher frequency of green
plant regeneration was observed if for embryo obtaining was used
AMC medium with Cu.
Key words: anther culture, wheat, barley, pre-treatment, CuSO4
CREATING OF MAPPING POPULATIONS FROM
BARLEY VARIETIES ADAPTED TO THE BALTIC
CONDITIONS
Rashal I.1, Leistrumaite A.2, LegzdiĦa L.3, Tamm Ü.4, Grauda D.1
1
Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Miera 3, Salaspils, LV2169, Latvia; phone: +371 67945435; e-mail: [email protected],
[email protected]
2
Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Dotnuva-Akademija, 5051
Kedainiai distr.,Lithuania; phone: +370 57 37381, e-mail: [email protected]
3
PriekuĜi State Institute of Plant Breeding, PriekuĜi, Zinātnes 1a, LV4126, Latvia; phone: +371 41 30242; e-mail: [email protected]
4
Jõgeva Plant Breeding Institute, EE 2350 Jõgeva, Estonia,
phone: +372 77 22748; e-mail: [email protected]
Genotype and environment interaction is crucial factor for the best
performance of crop varieties in particular environment. During several
cycles of breeding a complex of genes which are responsible for
adaptive properties is usually selected. Recovering and determine those
factors could give a better understanding of genotype and environment
interaction as well as provide a tool for increase efficiency of breeding.
Several barley varieties of the Baltic origin were crossed to create
mapping populations. Double haploid (DH) lines were produced from
F1 hybrids by the Bulbosum method. Results of evaluation of genotype
and environment interaction of parent varieties in agronomic traits as
well as the progress of DH production and evaluation will be
presented.
Key words: barley, gene mapping, varieties, adaptation
EXPRESSION OF HR RELATED GENE LSD1 IN
BARLEY LESION MIMIC MUTANTS NEC1 AND NEC3
Keiša A., Kānberga K., Rostoks N.
University of Latvia, Faculty of Biology, 4 Kronvalda Blvd., Riga,
LV-1586, Latvia
phone: +371 6703 4867
e-mail: [email protected]
Hypersensitive response (HR) is one of the key processes in plant
disease resistance and stress physiology. Numerous lesion mimic
mutants (LMM) that constitutively express HR have been studied, in
order to achieve better understanding of molecular mechanisms of HR
and to discover possible links between HR and plant disease resistance.
Although comparatively detailed studies of some of the LMMs have
been conducted, the interactions between various LMMs in signaling
pathways leading to HR are often unknown. Two groups of LMMs are
usually recognized, initiation mutants and propagation mutants, based
on the fact that HR can be partitioned into two stages – an initiation of
the programmed cell death as a response to the infection and a
subsequent propagation of the defense signals regulating spread of the
cell death and putatively initiating systemic resistance. In order to gain
a more thorough overview of the HR, studies including both induction,
as well as propagation LMMs are required. Therefore, we have
undertaken the analysis of relative gene expression using real-time
quantitative PCR aiming to clarify whether expression of three barley
homologues of Arabidopsis thaliana gene LSD1 (propagation mutant)
is altered in barley necrotic mutants nec1 and nec3 (initiation mutants).
Key words: barley, hypersensitive response, necrotic mutant, lesion
mimic mutant
PRODUCTION OF DOUBLED
PLANTS
BY
WHEAT
×
(SCHEMATICALLY)
HAPLOID WHEAT
MAIZE
METHOD
Moradi P.
Zanjan Center of Natural Resources Research, Zanjan, Iran
e-mail:[email protected]
For the production of doubled haploid wheat plants two methods are
available: the anther culture and the wheat x maize method. With these
two methods it is possible to produce homozygous, fertile plants within
one generation. The anther culture and wheat × maize method .In
anther culture method, regeneration rate is influenced by the wheat
genotype and at second there are a lot of albino plants, which are
unable to survival. Therefore the use of the anther culture in breeding
programs is restricted. But in wheat × maize, period experiments are
carried out to improve the method for mass production of doubled
haploid wheat lines. Steps of wheat × maize method are following: 1.
Emasculation and pollination 2. Spikes treatment with 2,4-D 3.Embryo
rescue 4. Colchicine treatment.
Among various methods of breeding, haploid breeding is the most
appropriate way to produce DH lines of wheat, because it provides an
efficient method speeding up selection and increasing selection
efficiency. This technique for producing wheat haploids using ultrawide crosses followed by embryo rescue has been developed over the
last two decades. Significant technical advances have been achieved
familial species and applying plant growth regulators. Efficient
crossing procedures were developed using stored pollen and detachedtiller culture. They enabled scientists to avoid having to synchronize
flowering times of both parents and resulted in considerable savings in
terms of labor and space required for growing parent plants.
Key words: Doubled haploid, wheat×maize, embryo rescue, breeding
APPLYING BYOTECHNOLOGICAL METHODS IN
LILIUM L. BREEDING
Balode A.
Latvia University of Agriculture, Liela iela 2, Jelgava, Latvia, LV3001; e-mail: [email protected]
The genus Lilium (Lilium L.) is a vegetatively propagated bulbous
plants – one of the economically most important of bulb flowers. To
obtain new varieties with a wide range of colors, resistance to grey
mold caused by fungi Botrytis Micheli ex Fr. a breeding program was
carried out. Spreading of this fungus disease causes heavy losses as
plants loose their general attractiveness. In lily breeding the current
activities are directed towards development of disease resistant
cultivars to avoid use of chemical plant protection means, to be
economically sound and ecologically safe. The goal of this research is
to investigate and optimize of polyploidy as well as in vitro methods
possible use in breeding of lilies. In the trial, the parent plants involved
and the hybrids obtained were all evaluated individually. Several
biotechnological methods were used to obtain new lily varieties. A
crossing between different hybrid groups of lilies is not possible in
vivo, therefore embryo cultivation techniques are being developed to
overcome incompatibility between plants and limiting factors after
fertilisation. Mitotic and meiotic polyploidisations are applied and can
result in fertile allopolyploids. In the production of polyploid forms,
crosses were made between plants of diverse ploidity. A cross of
diploid (2n = 24) and tetraploid (4n = 48) varieties resulted in the
production of highly viable seeds 89.3 % on average, but a cross of
tetraploids and diploids – of 39.5% on average, with fluctuating results
between cross combinations. Chromosome count of the varieties can
be changed by treating seeds and bulb scales with colchicine and
oryzalin solutions.
Key words: Botrytis sp., in vitro methods, polyploidy
CHARACTERIZATION OF MLA POWDERY MILDEW
RESISTANCE
LOCUS
IN
LATVIAN
BARLEY
VARIETIES AND BREEDING LINES
Kokina A.1, LegzdiĦa L.2, Bleidere M.3, Rostoks N1
1
Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 4 Kronvalda Blvd., Riga,
Latvia
2
State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute, Zinatnes Str. 1a, Priekuli, Cesu
rajons, Latvia
3
State Stende Cereals Breeding Institute, Dizstende, Libagu pagasts,
Talsu rajons, Latvia
Powdery mildew is an economically important barley disease, caused
by a fungal pathogen Blumeria (Erysiphe) graminis f. sp. hordei.
While the pathogen is relatively easily controlled by use of fungicides,
it may represent a serious threat for barley produced in low input and
organic agriculture. Alternatively, disease can be controlled using
resistance genes that can be either specific for certain fungal
pathotypes or can confer resistance to a broad range of pathotypes.
Naturally occurring and induced recessive mutations in the Mlo gene
provide non-race specific resistance, while race-specific powdery
mildew resistance is conferred mainly by the Mla locus. Complete
DNA sequence of the Mla locus is available, along with sequences of
several Mla genes. The Mla locus encompasses several closely related
resistance gene homologues with a complex evolutionary history
complicating design of molecular markers for the Mla alleles. DNA
sequence-based markers in linkage disequilibrium with the Mla locus
could predict resistance alleles at the locus as shown by comparison to
known phenotypic data. In addition, molecular markers allowed
identification of hybrids with multiple resistance genes, when
traditional phenotypic selection was inefficient.
Key words: barley,powdery mildew, resistance
GENETICS OF BARLEY GRAIN MORPHOMETRIC
TRAITS: INTEGRATION OF NATURAL AND INDUCED
VARIATION
Druka A., Alexander J., Bonar N., Thomas W., Frankowiak J.,
Ramsay L., Leader D., Waugh R.
Scottish Crop Research Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee,
United Kingdom, DD2 5DA
To identify genetic loci controlling barley grain size and shape we
performed morphometric analysis of mature dried barley grains
sampled from several experimental recombinant populations.
Morphometric data were used for QTL mapping. In parallel, we
genotyped near isogenic lines carrying induced mutations in the genes
that affect specifically grain size and shape. By aligning QTL and
mutation mapping data we identified several coinciding loci. Currently
we are cloning mutated genes to test whether their natural allelic
variation underlies the QTLs. Mutation and morphometric trait QTL
mapping data, as well as methodology and the progress of gene cloning
will be presented. Funding for this work was provided by the following
projects: Crop Science Initiative (CSI, UK); Association Genetics of
UK Elite Barley (AGOUEB, UK) and Genomics-Assisted Dissection
of Barley Morphology and Development (BARCODE, ERA-PG).
Key words: barley, QTL mapping
THE EFFECT OF TILLER NUMBER IN WHEAT
HAPLOID PRODUCTION
Brazauskas G.
Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, LT-58344 Akademija, K÷dainiai r.,
Lithuania
phone: +37034737149
e-mail: [email protected]
Winter wheat doubled haploid production is widely used not only for
plant breeding acceleration but also in basic research, such as genetic
mapping, haploid transformation and artificial seed production. It is
essential to identify all factors which determine haploid system
productivity. We have studied the effect of tiller number on embryo
development and haploid regeneration in wheat x maize haploid
production system. Four winter wheat F1 hybrid lines were pollinated
with maize variety ‘Golden Bantham’ pollen. Embryo formation and
haploid regeneration data were collected from the first five tillers in
each plant. The data showed a clear tendency of reduction in embryo
formation frequency on the successive tillers. There were 23,5 % and
only 18,0 % embryos on average formed on the first and fifth tillers,
respectively. However, two-way ANOVA analysis showed these
differences to be insignificant (p>0,05) and only genotype had a
significant (p<0,01) effect on embryo formation. There was no clear
effect by both genotype and tiller number on haploid regeneration
frequency. The overall embryo formation and haploid regeneration
frequency in this experiment was 14,6 % (504 embryos) and 68,1 %
(367 haploids, respectively. The results obtained in this study indicates
that as many as five tillers per plant can be used in wheat x maize
crossing systems with no significant tiller effect on the efficiency of
the haploid production system.
Key words: wheat, haploids, embryo formation
A FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS APPROACH TO
UNDERSTAND THE CONTROL AND REGULATION OF
STORAGE PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS IN BARLEY
GRAIN
Vincze E.1, Hansen M.1, Bowra S.2, and Holm B., P1.
1
Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural
Sciences, University of Aarhus, Research Centre Flakkebjerg, Slagelse,
DK
2
Verzyme (UK) Ltd., Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Wales SY23
3EB, United Kingdom
The aim of the study was to obtain an insight into amino acid and
storage protein metabolism in the developing barley grain at the
molecular level. Our strategy was to analyse the transcriptome of
relevant pathways in developing grains of field grown barley using a
grain specific microarray assembled in our laboratory. To identify coregulated genes, a distance matrix was constructed and we identified
three clusters corresponding to the early, middle and late seed
development. The gene expression pattern associated with the clusters
was investigated using pathway specific analysis with specific
reference to the temporal expression levels of a range of genes
involved in the photosynthesis process, amino acid and storage protein
metabolism. We conclude that the grain specific microarray is a
reliable and cost-effective tool for monitoring temporal changes in the
transcriptome of the major metabolic pathways in the barley grain. The
study described here could provide a strong complement to existing
knowledge assisting further understanding of seed development and
thereby provide a foundation for plant breeding towards storage protein
with improved nutritional quality.
Key words: cDNA microarray, hordein, storage proteins, amino
acid metabolism, field trial, Hordeum vulgare
4. Breeding for organic farming
DEVELOPMENTS IN BREEDING CEREALS FOR
ORGANIC FARMING SYSTEMS IN EUROPE
E.T. Lammerts van Bueren1, J.P. Baresel2, D. Desclaux3, I.
Goldringer4, S. Hoad5 , G. Kovacs6, Löschenberger7, T. Miedaner8,
H. Østergård9, M. Wolfe10
1 Wageningen University, Plant Sciences Group, Laboratory for Plant
Breeding, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands; 2
Technical University, München-Weihenstephan, Alte Akademie 16,
D-85354 Freising, Germany; 3INRA - UMR Diversité et Génome des
Plantes Cultivées, Domaine de Melgueil - 34130 Mauguio, France ; 4
INRA - UMR de Génétique Végétale - INRA UPS INA-PG CNRS,
Ferme du Moulon, 91190 - Gif sur Yvette – France
5
SAC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, Scotland, UK; 6
Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences,
Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary; 7 Saatzucht Donau GesmbH & CoKG,
Saatzuchtstraße 11, A-2301 Probstdorf, Austria; 8 University of
Hohenheim, Landessaatzuchtanstalt, State Plant Breeding Institute,
Fruwirthstr. 21, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany; 9 Risø National
Laboratory, Biosystems Department, P.O. Box 49, DK-4000 Roskilde,
Denmark ; 10 Elm Farm Research Centre, Wakelyns Agroforestry,
Fressingfield, Eye Suffolk IP21 5S, England.
Within the COST SUSVAR network (www.cost860.dk) we have
worked on an overview of the current breeding efforts for organic
agriculture in Europe and the future steps to be taken. To deal with the
rapidly increasing range of environmental diversity, caused by
declining oil-based support for agricultural systems together with
global climate change, we will need a tremendous increase in crop and
livestock diversity. Therefore the current framework of cereal pedigree
line breeding focussed on large scale production of rapidly diminishing
genetic diversity will be increasingly inappropriate in the future.
Organic farming systems are holistic systems according to the concept
of naturalness, including the non-chemical approach, agro-ecological
approach and the integrity of life approach. Such systems are
necessarily adapted to (a wide diversity of) their localities. This
requires therefore a fine-grained adaptation of the crop plants used on
individual farms. In this paper we will argue that there is a need for
more breeding activities to improve the organic farming systems and
organic product quality. Within the organic sector we distinguish
roughly three farming systems: global commodity farming, regional
market farming and local market farming systems, each demanding
different kind of variety requirements. We also distinguish two type of
breeding programmes: a) Conventional breeding for organic
agriculture (BFOA) including testing of advanced lines under organic
conditions in later stages of breeding program, and b) organic breeding
program (OBP) where all steps in the breeding process are taken under
organic conditions, and including breeding techniques that apply with
the organic principles. Developing a holistic approach to breeding
individual cereal crops demands a different set of breeding objectives
with respect to soil, weed, pest, disease and quality management, and a
different set of methods dealing with questions such as wide versus
specific adaptation, the structure of varieties (pure line, mixtures,
composite cross populations), the choice of selection environment, and
participatory approaches. We will discuss the state of the art of current
approaches and research, and will end up with recommendations for
further breeding research and programs. In a summary table the general
characteristics of breeding trends for a continuous range of organic
farming systems are given.
COMPARISON OF POTATO CLONES EVALUATION IN
ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL CONDITIONS
Skrabule I.
State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute, 1A Zinatnes, Priekuli, LV 4126,
Cesis, Latvia
e-mail: [email protected]
The development of organic farming raises requirement to suitable
varieties for organic growing conditions. A part of demanded traits are
included in conventional potato breeding programmes, but some of
characters are particularly significant for organic growing conditions.
Breeding for organic agriculture could took advantage that the
expression of many traits is highly correlated between conventional
agriculture and organic agriculture. In 2006 and 2007 potato clones
(4th field generation) were evaluated in conventional and organic
fields. The clones had been selected according assessment of leaf
coverage, maturity, resistance to late blight of foliage, starch content
under conventional growing conditions. The earliness, resistance to
pests in field, the length of growing period, yield, starch content and
others were evaluated and compared in both growing conditions. The
breeding of new varieties for organic farming could be done in
conventional conditions as part of existing breeding programme in the
early generations (hybridisation, first year selection). Results of this
trial proof, that particular selection for organic agriculture has to be
done in organic field, as selected preferably suitable genotypes in
conventional field did not fit to organic conditions as expected.
Key words: potato breeding, organic farming
THE MAIN TRAITS OF WINTER CEREALS FOR
BREEDING FOR ORGANIC FARMING IN LITHUANIA
Liatukas Ž., Leistrumait÷ A., Razbadauskien÷ K.
Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Instituto al. 1, Akademija,
K÷dainiai district, Lithuania, LT-58344
Phone +370 347 37398, e-mail: [email protected]
The investigations were done at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture
in the field certified for organic agriculture during 2006-2007. The
main essential traits for winter cereals were intensity of autumn
growing, which were not essential for overwintering, but highly
positively correlated (r=0.75) with spring re-growth intensity. High
resistance to overwintering also highly positively correlated (r=0.700.80) with spring re-growth intensity. Intensive spring re-growth as
well as taller plants (r=0.79-0.85) warranted satisfactory soil covering
during later vegetation. Yield medium and highly (r=0.60-0.78)
correlated with mentioned traits.
Resistance to powdery mildew was satisfactorily for many
cultivars and lines. Resistance to leaf spot diseases (tan spot and
Septoria leaf blotch) was lower. The most problematic disease for
winter wheat was common bunt. The most infected cultivar in
ecological field was ‘Seda’ – 70 %, in 2006. The next year trials were
sown with clean seeds and this disease did not cause damage.
Investigation in common bunt nursery during 2006-2007 showed that
less than 1 % of cultivars and lines were infected lower than 5 %. The
other genotypes were less resistant. The most resistant lines in their
pedigree possessed cultivars ‘Bill’, ‘Lut.9329’, ‘Strumok’, ‘Dream’.
Among investigated cultivars the most resistant were ‘Stava’, ‘Penta’,
‘Quebon’, ‘Tommi’, ‘Bill’, ‘Watson’, ‘Ambition’.
Key words: vegetative growth intensity, resistance, fungal diseases,
common bunt
EFFECT OF ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL
PRODUCTION ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF SPRING
CEREALS
Ingver A., Tamm, I., Tamm, Ü.
Jõgeva Plant Breeding Institute, 1 Aamisepa St., 48309 Jõgeva,
Estonia
Phone:+372 77 66908, e-mail: [email protected]
The situation in agricultural sector has changed during the last years.
Need to increase sustainability and protect the environment has became
more relevant. Area of organic farming is increasing in Estonia. The
field trials were carried out at the Jõgeva Plant Breeding Institute to
compare grain yield and quality characteristics of spring wheat, barley
and oat in organic and conventional conditions. Thirteen varieties of
each cereal crop were tested during the three years period (2005-2007).
By the trial results turned out that the highest yielding in organic trial
was oat followed by barley and wheat. Yield decrease of spring wheat
was the biggest (34%) in organic conditions compared to conventional.
Yield reduction was likely more a result of drought than increase of
biomass of weeds. Weather conditions were more favourable for
cereals in 2005. Drought caused decrease of grain yield and quality in
2006 and 2007. Kernel quality of barley and oat was similar in the both
cropping systems; wheat produced bigger kernels in organic trial.
Protein content in organic conditions decreased, the most for wheat.
The level of disease infection of oat and barley varieties remained low
in the trials and was similar in organic and conventional conditions.
Keywords: spring wheat, barley, oat, yield, quality, organic,
conventional condition
TRITICALE BREEDING FOR ORGANIC FARMING
Kronberga A.
State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute, Zinatnes str. 1a, Priekuli, Cesis
distr., Latvia, LV-4126
Phone: +371 4130162
e-mail: [email protected]
For creating varieties adapted for organic farming special breeding
program has been started in Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute. The
evaluation of triticale genotypes in organic farming was done in
Priekuli during 2005 – 2007. The aims of research:
1. To research reaction of different genotypes on various growing
conditions (organic and conventional);
2. To find desired traits for orgaic triticale varieties breeding
program.
In our trials there are included different winter triticale (xTriticosecale
Wittm.) breeding lines, selected from conventional breeding. The
different traits were tested for each genotype. The influence of
different traits on yield and grain quality was analyzed. 10 breeding
lines were grown in organic and conventional field and effect of
growing conditions on yield and other traits were tested.
The gained results have shown, that genotypes reaction on different
growing conditions differs. Analysis of genotypes suited for organic
and conventional conditions was done.
such traits as winterhardiness, yield stability, resistance to snow mould,
leaf size, prostate growth habit, weed suppression ability are important
for triticale genotypes in organic farming. It is not approved, that the
plant height is important trait for triticale genotypes, well suited for
organic farming.
Key words: triticale, organic breeding, traits
TESTING RESULTS OF NEW SPRING BARLEY
VARIETY ‘RUBIOLA’
LegzdiĦa L. 1, Gaiėe M. 1, Gaile Z2.
1
State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute, Zinatnes str. 1a, Priekuli,
Latvia
e-mail: [email protected]
2
RSF “Vecauce” of Latvia University of Agriculture, Akademijas str.
11a, Auce, Latvia
One of problems for barley in organic farming is infection with seed
born diseases, particularly loose smut (Ustilago nuda). The first step in
breeding for organic farming at Priekuli PBI was evaluation of
breeding lines from conventional breeding program in organic growing
conditions. Breeding line PR-2797 was derived from cross
combination Ruja / Run 458. Run 458 is Canadian line with loose smut
resistance gene Un8. PR-2797 was tested under conventional growing
conditions during 2001-2003 in Priekuli and under organic conditions
during 2004-2007 in locations PriekuĜi and Vecauce. Agronomic traits,
infection with diseases, grain quality and plant morphological traits
were determined. Three seed rates were compared in organic growing
conditions for PR-2797 and varieties ‘Ruja’ and ‘Idumeja’. PR-2797
was tested by artificial inoculation with loose smut; no infection was
found during 3 years and we presume that the line has the Un8
resistance gene. The mean yield of PR-2797 in organic conditions did
not significantly differ from check varieties. The infection level with
leaf diseases was the lowest one if compared to check varieties. Plant
productivity characteristics of PR-2797 surpassed ‘Abava’. Line PR2797 was entered for VCU (including organic testing) and DUS testing
from 2007 under denomination ‘Rubiola’.
Key words: barley breeding, organic farming, agronomic traits,
loose smut resistance
5. Success stories
BREEDING OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES FOR END
USE PRODUCTS
Ruzgas V. Liatukas Ž.
Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Akademija, Kedainiai distr.,
Lithuania, LT- 58344; e-mail: [email protected]
Since resumption of the winter wheat breeding programme in 1990, 5
new varieties have been developed and included in the Lithuanian
National Plant Variety List. The new Lithuanian winter wheat varieties
exhibit different elasticity of dough. The strongest flour was
determined in the varieties ‘Alma’, strong in the variety ‘Ada’,
‘Milda’‘Tauras’, satisfactory in the varieties, ‘Lina’. Valorimeter index
of those varieties was 65; 61; 58; 48; 46 and dough stability time 11.7;
8.7; 7.9; 6.4; and 4.4 min. respectively. The variety ‘Seda’ is
characterized by week gluten. Mixing tolerance of these varieties was
3.0 minutes. Prediction of a bred-making quality of winter wheat
varieties by analysis of HMV glutenin subunits is an important point in
the conduct of breeding programs. The best composition of HMW
subunits predicting the highest quality as Glu-A1 1; Glu-B1 7+8 and
Glu D1 5+10 were determined for the variety ‘Alma’. The varieties
‘Ada’, ‘Milda’ and ‘Tauras’ were characterized by gluten subunits
Glu-A1 1; Glu-B1 7+9 and Glu D1 5+10. The HMW composition of
‘Lina’ was 0; 7+9; 5+10, ‘Seda’ 0; 6+8; 2+12. The newly developed
lines, transferred to the official variety testing are higher yielding, but
of lower bread-making quality. Some of the lines are developed for
industrial starch production. They have high starch content with
improved size of granules.
Key words: winter wheat, breeding, grain quality
NEW POTATO VARIETIES RESEARCH IN LITHUANIA
Asakavičiūt÷ R., Ražukas A., Jundulas J.
Voke branch of Lithuania institute of Agriculture, Žalioji a. 2, Trakų
Vok÷, Lithuania, LT-02232
phone: +370 52645439
e-mail: [email protected]
Potato breeding and seed production in Lithuania is carried out at Voke
Branch of Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture. It was started in 1958.
Potato breeding work involved Lithuanian potato varieties, cultivars
from collection, hybrids. Potato crosses were done at the autotetraploid
level in the glasshouse and potato variety collection field. Up to two
million hybrids were tested in the trial fields. The key objective was to
select the varieties immune to wart disease, cyst nematodes, with high
resistance to other diseases, with exellent agronomic and cooking
qualities, suitable for processing industry. As the result of breeding
work five new cultivars were produced: VB Venta, VB Rasa, VB
Liepa, VB Goda and VB Aista. They all are immune to the worst
potato disease - wart (Synchtrium endobioticum Schilb.). Most of them
resistant to a local patotype of nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis
Woll.). Other advantages such as good yield, suitability for processing
industry, excellent cooking qualities, good taste or attractive shape
were the main items in producing Lithuanian potato cultivars as well.
Potato seed production from meristem tissue at biotechnologie
laboratory is carried dut in Voke branch of Lithuanian institute of
Agriculture. It is the centre for potato seed production in Lithuania.
Key words: potatoes, potato breeding, resistance to nematodes and
diseases
NARROW – LEAVED LUPINE FOR GREEN MANURE
(LUPINUS ANGUSTIFOLIUS L.) BREEDING ASPECTS
Maknickien÷ Z.
Voke branch of Lithuania institute of agriculture, Zalioji a. 2, Traku
Voke, Lithuania, LT-02232
phone: +370 52645439
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
The individual selection method has been employed in narrow-leaved
lupine breeding at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture’s Vok÷
Branch since 1993, when a collection from the Russian N. Vavilov
crop production institute was obtained. Using this method two narrowleaved varieties for green manure were developed over the period 1995
– 2003: variety ‘Derliai’ and ‘Ugniai’. During the period 1995 – 2003
not only the afore-mentioned varieties were developed, but also five
lines of narrow-leafed lupine for green manure that passed all the
stages of breeding process and were assessed according to international
standards.
Key words: narrow-leaved lupine for green manure, individual
selection, variety.
NEW LITHUANIAN FIBRE FLAX VARIETY ‘SNAIGIAI’
Jankauskien÷ Z., Bačelis K.
Upyt÷ Research Station of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture,
Linininkų 3, Upyt÷, Panev÷žys district, Lithuania, LT-38294
phone: +370 45 555 413
e-mail: [email protected]
Fibre flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is the most important source of
natural fibres for textile purposes in Nordic countries. Linen (fabric
from flax fibre) is highly hygroscopic, has high air permeability and
heat conductivity, does not cause allergic reactions and is helpful in
treating a number of allergic disorders, etc., therefore is in high value.
Fibre flax breeding has been carried out in Lithuania since 1922. Since
1922 to 2005 eighteen fibre flax varieties have been developed in our
country.
The new fibre flax variety ‘Snaigiai’ (breeding line No. 2243-13) has
been bred using the method of intervarietal crossing. This breeding
line was tested in the control nursery in 2001-2002, in the initial
variety trials – in 2003. In the competitive variety trials ‘Snaigiai’ was
tested in 2004-2005. It is white flowering, moderately ripening variety,
lodging resistant, seeds are brown, 1000 of seeds weight – 5.53 g, fibre
quality is good, it is suitable for textile purposes.
K. Bačelis is the breeder of ‘Snaigiai, since 2005 initial variety testing
is continued by Z. Jankauskien÷. Since 2007 DUS tests for this variety
are carried out.
Key words: breeding, fibre flax, varieties.
THE NEW POTATO VARIETY ‘REET’
Tsahkna A., Tähtjärv T.
Jõgeva Plant Breeding Institute, Jõgeva, 48309, Estonia
Phone: +372 7766905
e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
The characteristics of new nematode (Ro1) and wart (D 1) resistant
early to medium potato variety ‘Reet’ (‘Mats’ x ‘Gitte’), developed at
the Jõgeva Plant Breeding Institute is discussed in this paper. From
2007 ‘Reet’ was taken to the Estonian and European Variety List.
Breeding goal was to obtain a variety, which meets the requirements of
food markets and processing factories. ‘Reet’ passed preliminary and
final trials in 2000-2004, where the standard varieties were ‘Berber’
(early), ‘Piret’ (medium), ‘Ants’ (medium late) and ‘Anti’ (very late).
By tuber yields ‘Reet’ was equal with ‘Ants’, lower than ‘Berber’ and
exceeded ‘Piret’ in the preliminary and final trials. In a dynamics trial
performed at different harvest times ‘Reet’ exceeded the variety
‘Berber’ by the percentage of marketable tubers. It also exceeded the
standard varieties by tuber weight, although the number of tubers per
plant is low. There was a low appearance of blackleg, common scab
and virus infection on the plants of new variety. It has relatively good
resistance to foliage late blight, exceeding all the standard varieties.
Therefore the new variety is suitable for usage in organic farming.
‘Reet’ has good quality characteristics (shallow eyes, regular shape, no
darkening).
The peeling test with abrasive peeler showed that ‘Reet’ has relatively
small peeling remains, approximately 10-15 %. Reducing sugars’
content is low. This refers to suitability for making chips and French
fries.
Keywords: potato variety, yield, yield dynamics, late blight
resistance, cooking quality
BREEDING AND CHARASTERISTICS OF THE NEW
POTATO VARIETY ‘IMANTA’
Bebre G.
State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute, 1A Zinatnes, Priekuli, LV 4126,
Cesis, Latvia
e-mail: [email protected]
The breeding of new potato variety is the result of many years of
experiments and analysis. Variety traits are the most important factors
for successful production. The directions of potato breeding in State
Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute are – table potato, starch production,
French fries and crisp production. The new variety ‘Imanta’ is suitable
for food (cooking type BC) and for starch production. The variety
‘Imanta’ was obtained from crossbred Picasso/Zarevo in 1995. The
yield in comparative trials (2001-2007) was between 34 to 44 t ha-1,
starch content in tubers 17.8- 25.6 % (Nitrogen fertilizer dose 50 kg ha1
). Large tuber (>50 mm) amount in yield is high for variety Imanta
(70%). Morphological traits of tuber - flesh colour is white, tuber shape
long oval, medium deep to deep depth of eyes, colour of skin is yellow
with red eyes. New varieties maturity is medium late. The variety is
resistant to wart disease and PCN Ro1, relatively resistant to late
blight.
During 2006-2007 variety ‘Imanta’ was investigated in the Latvian
State Variety Testing and DUS test in Poland (COBORU Slupia
Wielka).
Key words: potato, breeding
NEW VARIETIES OF FORAGE GRASSES IN SKRIVERI
RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE
Bumane S., Berzins P.
Research Institute of Agriculture, Latvian University of Agriculture,
Skriveri -1 , Latvia, LV-5125, phone: + 371 65197524, e-mail:
[email protected]
Grasses provide inexpensive forage high in feeding value for profitable
milk and meat production. Permanent grasslands utilize most of the
agricultural land in Latvia. Research Institute of Agriculture in Skriveri
has established new diploid and tetraploid forage grasses varieties.
One of the main and most important targets of Department of Plant
Breeding in the course of years has been introduction of new perennial
grass-plant varieties suitable for growing in Latvian agroclimatic
conditions and ensuring good dry matter and seed yields.
As a result of this work 6 varieties of perennial grasses are created and
all of them are registered in the common European Plant Catalogue.
These cultivars are: tetraploid perennial ryegrass ‘Spidola’, meadow
fescue ‘Patra’ (4n), meadow fescue ‘Silva’ (2n), early-ripe timothy
‘Teicis’, late-ripe timothy ‘Varis’, hybrid ryegrass ‘Saikava’. New
varieties have passed DUS and CVU testings in Poland and Latvia:
meadow fescue ‘Vaira’ (2n) and festulolium ‘Vizla’. In the long run,
enlargement of selection work is planned as to creation of cockfoot,
meadow foxtail, tall fescue for forage and perennial grasses of
decorative forms.
Key words: perennial grasses, plant breeding, varieties
6. Other subjects
POST-REGISTRATION TESTING SYSTEM OF POTATO
CULTIVAR IN POLAND
Lenartowicz T., Lenartowicz K., Borys J.
COBORU Slupia Wielka, 63-022 Slupia Wielka
Phone: +48 61 285 23 41, [email protected]
The Research Centre for Cultivar Testing (COBORU) in Słupia Wielka is
responsible for assessment of value for cultivation and use (VCU) of potato
varieties before and after listing them in Poland. It has adapted variety testing
and assessment to a market-oriented economy and the EU norms and
standards. Within these activities COBORU has developed a new nation-wide
cultivar testing system, called post-registration variety testing (PDO). Program
PDO was officially accepted in 2000 year (Seed Act) and it is presently
implemented in all administrative units (Voivodships) in Poland under the
guidance of COBORU.
PDO is to be variety testing system operating on the regional level to help
Polish farmers to select the most adapted varieties for different agricultural
conditions and for the processing industry.
Benefits of PDO:
• more effective use of genetical progress in agriculture;
• regular collection of reliable data about varieties and their performance
under different growing conditions; this information is used for
recommendation of varieties in each voivodship;
• facilitation for farmers to make an accurate choice of the most suitable
varieties for their farming conditions ;
• in the longer term will assist in the evaluation of the flow of varieties
from the EU Common Catalogue into Polish agriculture conditions.
On the base on the results of the VCU and PDO trials in which over 50
varieties of potato each year in over 30 experimental places in Poland since
2006 there has been formed the List of varieties recommended for cultivation.
Key words: potato, cultivar, testing system
PEA VARIETIES IN THE NATIONAL REGISTER (KR)
IN POLAND
Lenartowicz K., Borys J.
COBORU Slupia Wielka, 63-022 Slupia Wielka
Phone: +48 61 285 23 41, [email protected]
The National Register (KR) in Poland is provided by the Research Centre for
Cultivar Testing (COBORU). It is an official list comprising the varieties of
agricultural, vegetable and fruit plant species whose seed material can be
legally produced and marketed in Poland as well as in the Member States of
the European Union (EU).
A variety enters the KR, if: it is distinct, uniform and stable; in case of
agricultural variety it has a satisfactory value for cultivation and use (VCU),
has suitable denomination; the administrative requirements are fulfilled and
relevant fees are paid. Varieties admitted to the KR:
•period of 10 years
•enter into the Common Catalogue of Varieties of Agric. Plant Species;
•enter into the Common Catalogue of Varieties of Vegetable Species (CCV)
VCU trials are carried out in multisite comparative trials (in 10-20 locations)
in four replications in 10-20 Experimental Station for Cultivar Testing.
Registration decision is taken after two-three trial seasons.
The varieties of 22 horticultural species (15 vegetable and 7 fruit species) are
investigated for the relevant Descriptive List of pea varieties.
After registration, VCU assessment of listed vegetable pea varieties is done to
prepare Descriptive Lists. The testing system for assessing DUS is performed
as follows:
• the DUS testing is conducted within the COBORU testing network;
• live collections for each group of pea varieties in which they are tested are
maintained ;
• it comprises comparative growing tests done in 1-2 locations, for 1–3
consecutive years;
• UPOV Test Guidelines and CPVO Technical Protocol are used for DUS
tests; •the Reports on Technical Examination are prepared;
The pea varieties descriptions according the most important characteristics
are presented.
ESTIMATION OF GENOTYPICAL AND
PHENOTYPICAL PROPERTIES OF LILIES (LILIUM l.)
Lazdina E.
Latvia University of Agriculture, Liela iela 2, Jelgava, Latvia, LV3001; phone: + 371 29176013, e-mail: [email protected]
Lilies (Lilium L.) among the most popular bulb flowers in Latvia –
have been cultivated there for two centuries. The aim of the research
was the estimation of genotypical and phenotypical lilies
characteristics in Jelgava and Saldus districts from March 2005 till
September 2006. I chose 8 sorts (‘Zizele’, ‘Rotala’, ‘Rozovaja
Dymka’, ‘Jumprava’, ‘Nutmegger’, ‘Dzintars’, ‘Dzintarlase’, ‘Royal
Trinity’ of Asiatic lilies. The great length disparities were between the
research places, years and sorts. Lilies results of plant length dispersion
were affected by two basic factors: time and variety. The average
length increases to flowering in 10 days were varieties ‘Zizele’ 9.5 cm
in Jelava and Saldus 2005 and ‘Nutmegger’ and ‘Rozovaja Dymka’ in
Jelgava 2006 were 20.9 cm. The number of flowers is a determinant of
the productivity of a variety. The more flowers per stem, the more
attractive is the plant and longer the season of bloom. In the vegetation
of 2005 and 2006 on the one stem were 3-17 flowers (3–‘Zizele’, 8‘Royal Trinity’, 12-‘Rotala’, 17-‘Nutmegger’) and in both years the
number of flowers described with phenotypically fluidity. Lilies are
being grown for both cut-flower use and outdoor decorative purposes;
therefore, one of the most important characteristics is colour. The
flowers colours are not dependent from meteorological conditions,
because it has genotype influence.
Key words: Lilium, estimation, length increases, variety