Biology Review
Name: ___________________________________
1. Complete the flow chart about cells using the following words: nucleolus, RNA, gene, mitosis,
meiosis, proteins, meiosis, and enzymes.
2. Complete the table regarding DNA.
Labeled Diagram
List the 4 nitrogenous bases (in pairs).
What two molecules make up the sides of the DNA?
Describe the structure of DNA
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3. Write a sentence that describes how each structure is involved in making proteins.
Structure
Role in Protein Synthesis
DNA
RNA
Golgi Body
Vesicle
Nuclear Pore
Ribosome
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Cell Membrane
4. Complete the table regarding changes in genetic information.
Give four factors that could change a cell’s genetic information.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
What term is used to describe a substance or factor that can change DNA?
List three ways the sequence of DNA can be altered due to mutations.
i.
ii.
iii.
What are the three different effects of mutations? Give an example for each.
i.
i.
ii.
iii.
Draw and describe the four types of chromosome mutations.
ii.
iii.
iv.
During which meiotic process do chromosome mutations normally occur?
Give an example of a genetic disorder or syndrome that could result from a
chromosome mutation.
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5. List the three stages of the cell cycle. Describe how each is important for cell reproduction.
Stage
Importance
6. Complete the table about cell cycle regulation.
Describe how cell reproduction is controlled.
What can result if cells reproduction is
uncontrolled?
Describe three situations in which cells may be prohibited from dividing.
7. Draw and describe the four phases of mitosis.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
8. Describe the difference between mitosis and meiosis.
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9. Describe the main difference between meiosis I and meiosis II.
10. Complete the table regarding gametes.
List the two types of gametes and which gender each is associated with.
Explain the difference between the formation of male and female gametes.
Determine whether the description corresponds to sperm cells, egg cells, or both.
a. has a tail
b. has a food reserve
c. has a haploid number of chromosomes
d. involved in fertilization
e. takes all the cytoplasm during meiosis
f. is genetically different than the parent cells
g. is motile
h. could have either an x— or a y—chromosome
11. Complete the table regarding chromosome identification.
What is the name of a scientist that studies
chromosomes and genetics?
What type of picture used to observe chromosome
mutations?
Which pair of chromosomes would be observed to
determine gender?
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12. Classify the events listed below using the four choices.
mitosis only
meiosis only
mitosis and meiosis
neither
a.
produces genetically different cells.
b.
doubles (ie. replicates) the number of chromosomes.
c.
necessary for growth in more complex organisms.
d.
number of chromosomes in daughter cells remains the same.
e.
chromosomes only replicate once.
f.
produces genetically identical cells.
g.
produces gametes.
h.
produces haploid cells.
i.
method in which cells divide two times.
13. Explain why genetic diversity results from meiosis I.
14. Summarize the main events in fetal development.
First Trimester
Second Trimester
Third Trimester
15. Explain what happens when cell reproduction is no longer controlled.
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16. Why are some mutations not necessarily bad for the individual? Give an example.
17. Use a flow diagram that describes embryonic development. Use the following terms: sperm,
blastula, ectoderm, endoderm, gastrula, mesoderm, morula, zygote and egg.
18. Give two differences between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning.
19. Compare and contrast artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization.
Similarities
Differences
20. Would a mutation in a skin cell be passed on to the next generation? Explain.
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21. Use the diagrams to identify the structures. Describe the function of each structure.
Animal Cell
Structure
Plant Cell
Function
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
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