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Edexcel GCSE
Biology/Additional Science
Unit B2: The Components of Life
Foundation Tier
Additional Sample Assessment Material
Time: 1 hour
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Calculator, Ruler
Paper Reference
5BI2F/01
Total Marks
Instructions
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• centrethe
number and candidate number.
all questions.
• Answer
the questions in the spaces provided
•– Answer
there may be more space than you need.
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total mark for this paper is 60.
• The
marks for each question are shown in brackets
• The
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
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• written
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– you should take particular care with your spelling, punctuation and grammar, as
well as the clarity of expression, on these questions.
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if you have time at the end.
•
S39592A
©2012 Edexcel Limited.
6/8/8/2/
*S39592A0120*
Turn over
Answer ALL questions
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
Cells
1 (a) The diagrams show a bacterial cell, a plant cell and an animal cell.
Structure X is found in all three cells.
structure X
bacterial cell
animal cell
plant cell
(i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
Structure X is the
(1)
A cell membrane
B cell wall
Ccytoplasm
Dnucleus
(ii) Many bacteria have one or more flagella whereas most animal cells have no
flagella.
State one other difference between a bacterial cell and an animal cell.
(1)
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2
*S39592A0220*
(b)Scientists use microscopes to magnify cells.
(i) Use words from the box to complete the sentences.
(2)
focusing wheel less light
objective lens more
The magnification of a light microscope can be varied by changing the
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..........................................................
.
The electron microscope can magnify images ................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
than the light microscope.
(ii) The diagram shows a sperm cell that has been magnified 100 000 times.
130 mm
Calculate the actual length of the sperm cell.
(2)
length of sperm cell = ........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mm
(iii) Explain why a human sperm cell contains more mitochondria than most other
types of cell in the human body.
(2)
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(Total for Question 1 = 8 marks)
*S39592A0320*
3
Turn over
Garden ecosystems
2 (a) The photographs show a garden and some of the organisms that can be found
in it.
butterflies on the
flowers
woodlice under
the bushes
clover in the lawn
fish in the pond
(i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
The most suitable piece of equipment to investigate the distribution of
butterflies in this garden is a
A pitfall trap
Bpooter
C quadrat
D sweep net
4
*S39592A0420*
(1)
(ii) Describe how pitfall traps could be used to investigate the distribution of
woodlice in this garden.
(2)
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(iii) A student predicted that the clover would be evenly distributed over the
whole lawn.
Using the information in the photograph, explain why this prediction is
probably incorrect.
(2)
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*S39592A0520*
5
Turn over
(b)The graph below shows the changes in the pH of the pond over a three-day
period.
pH of the pond water
10.0 –
9.0 –
8.0 –
7.0 –
day 2
midday
–----
midnight
–
midday
–----
day 1
midnight
–
midday
–----
midnight
–
–----
6.0 –
midnight
day 3
(i) Using the information in the graph, predict the pH of the pond at midnight at
the end of day 3.
(1)
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(ii) Describe the changes in the pH during day 1.
(2)
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(Total for Question 2 = 8 marks)
6
*S39592A0620*
Reproducing cells
3 (a) Rosalind Franklin was a scientist who helped to find the structure of DNA.
Describe the structure of DNA.
(2)
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(b)An amoeba is a single-celled organism that contains fifty chromosomes.
It reproduces asexually to produce new cells.
(i) Which row of the table shows the number of new cells produced after one
division and the number of chromosomes in each of these new cells?
Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
number of new cells
produced
number of chromosomes
in each new cell
A
2
25
B
2
50
C
4
25
D
4
50
(ii) When amoeba reproduce asexually, clones are produced.
Suggest why reproducing asexually to form clones can be a disadvantage to
living organisms including mammals.
(2)
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*S39592A0720*
7
Turn over
(c) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
Some human cells divide by mitosis.
The purpose of mitosis in human cells is to produce
(1)
A diploid body cells that replace damaged cells
B diploid gametes for reproduction
C haploid body cells that replace damaged cells
D haploid gametes for reproduction
(d)Genetically modified (GM) bacteria divide very rapidly to produce genetically
identical cells.
The diagram shows two structures used to genetically modify a bacterium so that
it can produce human insulin.
human insulin gene
plasmid
Explain how each structure is used to genetically modify a bacterium.
(2)
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8
*S39592A0820*
(e) Crop plants can be genetically modified to become herbicide-resistant.
Some people are concerned that growing herbicide-resistant plants can lead to
environmental damage.
Explain how growing herbicide-resistant plants may damage the environment.
(2)
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(Total for Question 3 = 10 marks)
*S39592A0920*
9
Turn over
The heart
4 (a) The diagram shows a healthy heart.
right side
left side
A
B
C
(i) Name the parts of the heart labelled A, B and C.
(3)
A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Describe the direction of the flow of blood through the left side of the heart.
(2)
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10
*S39592A01020*
(b)Some people have a hole in the heart.
This hole is between the top two chambers of the heart.
Explain why a hole in the heart may cause tiredness.
(2)
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(c) Red blood cells carry oxygen in the blood.
Explain how one feature of a red blood cell helps it to carry oxygen around the
body.
(3)
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(Total for Question 4 = 10 marks)
*S39592A01120*
11
Turn over
Photosynthesis
5 The photograph shows a stinging nettle plant.
A student carried out an investigation to study the effect of light intensity on the
length of stinging nettle leaves.
Two groups of stinging nettle plants were chosen.
One group of plants were growing under a tree and the other group were growing in
the middle of a field.
The student measured the longest leaf from each of five plants in each group.
The table shows the results of this investigation.
length of longest leaf / mm
12
growing under a tree
growing in the middle of a
field
60
42
56
33
54
30
45
30
35
25
*S39592A01220*
(a) (i) The mean length of the leaves from the plants growing under the tree is
50 mm.
Calculate the mean length of the leaves from the plants growing in the
middle of the field.
(2)
answer = . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mm
(ii) The student concluded that the plants growing in the shade had longer
leaves.
Suggest why the student came to this conclusion.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(b)The student knew that leaves are adapted for photosynthesis.
(i) Which of the following is the word equation for photosynthesis.
Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
A carbon dioxide + oxygen glucose + water
B carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen
C water + carbon dioxide + oxygen D water + oxygen (1)
glucose
glucose + carbon dioxide
*S39592A01320*
13
Turn over
*(ii) Use your knowledge of how a leaf is adapted for photosynthesis to explain
the results of the student’s investigation.
(6)
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(c) Plants produce glucose during photosynthesis.
Some of this glucose is transported down to the root hair cells.
Describe how glucose is transported down to the root hair cells.
(2)
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(Total for Question 5 = 12 marks)
14
*S39592A01420*
Making use of enzymes
6 Pectinase is an enzyme that is used to extract the juice from apples.
Experiments were carried out to find out the effect of temperature on the activity of
pectinase.
Pectinase was added to apples at different temperatures and the volume of juice
extracted was measured every minute.
The graph shows the results of the experiments.
3.0 –
2.8 –
volume
of juice
extracted
each
minute / cm3
2.6 –
2.4 –
2.2 –
2.0 –
1.8 –
1.6 –
1.4 –
1.2 –
1.0 –
0.8 –
0.6 –
0.4 –
0.2 –
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0–
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
temperature / oC
(a) (i) Draw a line of best fit through the results for 10 oC, 20 oC, 30 oC and 40 oC.
*S39592A01520*
(1)
15
Turn over
(ii) Describe the effect of temperature on the volume of juice produced between
10 oC and 40 oC.
(2)
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(iii) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
The optimum temperature for pectinase in this experiment is 50 °C.
Optimum temperature is
(1)
A the only temperature at which enzyme-substrate complexes are formed
B the temperature at which enzymes start to denature
C
the temperature at which enzyme-substrate complexes are formed most
quickly
D the temperature at which substrates are most active
*(iv) Use the lock and key hypothesis to help you explain the activity of pectinase
in juice production between 10 °C and 70 °C.
(6)
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16
*S39592A01620*
(b)State two factors, other than temperature, that affect enzyme activity.
(2)
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(Total for Question 6 = 12 marks)
total for paper = 60 marks
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Additional Sample Mark scheme
GCSE Science 2011
GCSE
GCSE Biology (5BI2F/01)
Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No. 4496750
Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London WC1V 7BH
General Marking Guidance
•
All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark
the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
•
Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be
rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised
for omissions.
•
Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to
their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
•
There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme
should be used appropriately.
•
All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the
answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared
to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit
according to the mark scheme.
•
For questions worth more than one mark, the answer column shows
how partial credit can be allocated. This has been done by the
inclusion of part marks eg (1).
•
Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be
limited.
•
When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark
scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.
•
Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced
it with an alternative response.
Quality of Written Communication
Questions which involve the writing of continuous prose will expect candidates to:
•
Write legibly, with accurate spelling, grammar and punctuation in
order to make the meaning clear
•
Select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and
to complex subject matter
•
Organise information clearly
vocabulary when appropriate.
and
coherently,
using
specialist
Full marks will be awarded if the candidate has demonstrated the above
abilities.
Questions where QWC is likely to be particularly important are indicated (QWC) in the
mark scheme, but this does not preclude others.
5BI2F/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
General Information
The following symbols are used in the mark schemes for all questions:
Symbol
eq
Meaning of symbol
Indicates that credit should be given for other
correct alternatives to a word or statement
/ oblique
Words or phrases separated by an oblique are
alternatives to each other
{ } curly brackets
( ) round brackets
Indicate the beginning and end of a list of
alternatives (separated by obliques) where
necessary to avoid confusion
Words inside round brackets are to aid
understanding of the marking point but are not
required to award the point
5BI2F/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
1(a)(i)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
A
(1)
Question
Number
1(a)(ii)
Question
Number
1(b)(i)
Question
Number
1 (b)(ii)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
Any one of the following points
•
bacterial cells have a cell wall
(animal cells do not) (1)
•
bacterial cells do not have a
nucleus (animal cells do) (1)
•
bacterial cells have circular
DNA / chromosomal DNA
(animal cells do not) (1)
Answer
bacterial cells have plasmids
(1)
Acceptable answers
•
objective lens (1)
•
more (1)
Answer
Mark
(2)
Acceptable answers
Mark
calculation (1)
130
100 000
correct answer (1)
= 0.00130 / 1.3 X 10-3
(2)
5BI2F/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
1 (b)(iii)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
An explanation including two of the
following points
•
mitochondria are sites of
respiration for energy (1)
•
sperm requires a lot of energy
(1)
•
for movement / swimming /
to move the flagellum (1)
(2)
5BI2F/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
2(a)(i)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
D
(1)
Question
Number
2(a)(ii)
Question
Number
2(a)(iii)
Question
Number
2(b)(i)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
A description including two of the
following points
•
correct detail of setting up the
trap e.g. pitfall trap in a hole,
add suitable bait, rain guard
(1)
•
idea of several traps around
the garden (1)
•
count the number of woodlice
in each trap (1)
Answer
mark and recapture
(2)
Acceptable answers
Mark
An explanation linking the following
points
•
a factor stated e.g. light,
water, nutrients, trampling (1)
•
effect on clover described e.g.
less clover in shade (1)
Answer
(2)
Acceptable answers
Mark
any value in the range 7.2 – 7.6
(1)
Question
Number
2(b)(ii)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
A description including the following
points
decreases from midnight till 6 am
•
idea the pH fluctuates (1)
•
the fluctuations are linked
to the time of day (1)
increases unevenly until 6 pm
decreases from 6 pm to midnight
(2)
5BI2F/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
3(a)
Question
Number
3(b)(i)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
A description including two of the
following points
•
two strands coiled / form a
double helix(1)
•
reference to (complementary)
base pairs (1)
•
(bases) linked together by
hydrogen bonds (1)
Answer
(2)
Acceptable answers
Mark
B
(1)
Question
Number
3(b)(ii)
Question
Number
3(c)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
Any two of the following points
•
no genetic variation (1)
•
cannot adapt to environment
(1)
•
pass on unfavourable genes
(1)
Answer
(2)
Acceptable answers
Mark
A
(1)
5BI2F/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
3(d)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
An explanation including two the
following points
•
correct reference to use of
enzymes (1)
•
human insulin gene inserted
into plasmid (1)
•
plasmid containing human
insulin gene inserted into
bacterium /eq (1)
(2)
Question
Number
3(e)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
An explanation including two of the
following points
•
(may encourage) overuse of
herbicides (1)
•
affects / contaminates food
chains / webs (1)
•
larger organisms affected /die
(1)
•
cross fertilisation (1)
•
weeds become herbicide
resistant (1)
OR
(2)
5BI2F/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
4 (a)(i)
Question
Number
4 (a)(ii)
Answer
Acceptable answers
•
A - (left) atrium / atria (1)
•
B - valve (1)
•
C - (left) ventricle (1)
Answer
Mark
(3)
Acceptable answers
Mark
A description including two of the
following points
•
(blood) flows into {atria / top
chambers / A} (1)
•
passes through valve (B)
(blood) flows down (from
atria) into {ventricles / bottom
chambers /C} (1)
•
(blood) flows out of the
{ventricles / bottom chambers
/ C} (1)
leaves heart via aorta
(2)
5BI2F/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
4 (b)
Question
Number
4 (c)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
An explanation including two the
following points
•
idea that blood {in different
chambers will get mixed /
blood will not be separated}
(1)
•
reduced oxygen level in blood
(1)
•
so reduced respiration /
reduced energy (1)
Answer
(2)
Acceptable answers
Mark
An explanation including three the
following points
•
{small / flexible / eq} cells (1)
•
to squeeze through capillaries
/ eq (1)
•
to reach all cells (1)
•
no nucleus (1)
•
so {more / contain}
haemoglobin (1)
•
to carry more oxygen / eq (1)
•
biconcave (1)
•
large surface area (1)
•
for faster movement of oxygen
{into / out of} cell / eq (1)
OR
OR
(3)
5BI2F/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
5(a)(i)
Question
Number
5(a)(ii)
Question
Number
5(b)(i)
Answer
Acceptable answers
•
correct total of 160 (1)
•
correct division by 5
= 32 (mm) (1)
Answer
(2)
Acceptable answers
higher mean / most of leaves
measured were longer
Answer
Mark
Mark
(1)
Acceptable answers
Mark
B
(1)
5BI2F/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
QWC
*5(b)
(ii)
Level
1
0
1-2
2
3-4
3
5-6
Indicative Content
Mark
An explanation to include some of the following points in a logical order
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
leaves have chloroplasts containing chlorophyll for photosynthesis
more chloroplasts / chlorophyll means more light absorbed
larger leaves will have more chloroplasts
more light means faster rate of photosynthesis
leaves contain stomata for gas exchange for photosynthesis
stinging nettles growing under the tree receive less light
leaves that are longer will have a larger surface area
larger surface area means more light can be absorbed
to maximise photosynthesis
(6)
No rewardable content
• there is an attempt to explain that leaves are involved in the absorption of
light
• recognises that the leaves of the stinging nettles under the tree are bigger
• the answer communicates ideas using simple language and uses limited
scientific terminology
• spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with limited accuracy
• some details of how the leaves are adapted for photosynthesis given, any
steps given are sequential but there may be missing information
• the response recognises that the longer leaves will be able to absorb more
light as the surface area is greater
• the answer communicates ideas showing some evidence of clarity and
organisation and uses scientific terminology appropriately
• spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with some accuracy
• there is a clear explanation of how the leaves are adapted for
photosynthesis
• the response gives a clear explanation of the adaptations of the leaves of
stinging nettles under the tree for absorbing as much light as possible
• the answer communicates ideas clearly and coherently uses a range of
scientific terminology accurately
• spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with few errors
5BI2F/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
5(c)
Answer
Acceptable answers
Mark
A description including two of the
following points
•
carried as sucrose (1)
•
in solution (1)
•
in the phloem (1)
(2)
5BI2F/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
6(a)(i)
Question
Number
6(a)(ii)
Question
Number
6(a)(iii)
Answer
Acceptable answers
straight line drawn through points at
10 oC to 40 oC
Answer
Mark
(1)
Acceptable answers
Mark
A description including two of the
following points
•
as temperature increases,
volume of juice produced
increases (1)
•
this is directly proportional (1)
•
credit correct manipulation of
figures to show this
relationship (1)
Answer
(2)
Acceptable answers
Mark
C
(1)
5BI2F/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
QWC
*6(a)
(iv)
Level
1
0
1-2
2
3-4
3
5-6
Indicative Content
Mark
An explanation to include some of the following points in a logical order
• enzyme becomes more active (as temperature increases)
• enzyme has more kinetic energy / moves faster
• more chance of colliding with substrate
• enzyme is specific for substrate / has complementary shape
• action occurs at the active site
• more enzyme-substrate complexes formed
• faster rate of reaction
(6)
• reference to {denaturation / eq} after 50 oC
No rewardable content
• a limited attempt is made to link the increase in juice extraction with an
increase in temperature although the terminology used to describe this will
be simple with some detail missing
• there is unlikely to be mention of the effect of the rise in temperature on
enzyme activity and how this increases the rate of reaction
• the answer communicates ideas using simple language and uses limited
scientific terminology
• spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with limited accuracy
• there is clear evidence that the volume of juice extracted increases with an
increase in temperature
• there may be an attempt to explain how temperature affects the enzyme
e.g. it becomes more active
• the response indicates some understanding of the lock and key hypothesis
and will make an attempt to explain this in simple terms i.e enzyme fits the
substrate
• there is some understanding of the reasoning behind each of the processes
• the answer communicates ideas showing some evidence of clarity and
organisation and uses scientific terminology appropriately
• spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with some accuracy
• the response clearly links the volume of juice extracted with an increase in
temperature and an increase in enzyme activity
• a good attempt will be made to explain how the increase in enzyme activity
affects the rate of reaction i.e. more enzyme-substrate complexes formed
due to a greater number of collisions
• the response will include details on enzyme specificity in relation to the
lock and key hypothesis
• the answer communicates ideas clearly and coherently uses a range of
scientific terminology accurately
• spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with few errors
5BI2F/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme
Question
Number
6(b)
Answer
Acceptable answers
•
substrate concentration (1)
•
pH (1)
Mark
(2)
5BI2F/01
Additional Sample Mark scheme