УРАЛЬСКИЙ НАУЧНО-ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЙ ЦЕНТР РАДИАЦИОННОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ
Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine
Pryakhin E.A.1, Tryapitsina G.A.1,2, Osipov D.I.1, Atamanyuk N.I.1, Peretykin A.A.1,
Geras’kin S.A.3, Trapeznikov A.V.4, Akleyev A.V.1,2
1
2
3
4
Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Chelyabinsk
Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk
Russian Institute of Radiology and Agricultural Ecology, Obninsk
Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology UrB RAS, Yekaterinburg
INDIRECT ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS IN
RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED
FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS
1
Location of the reference and PA «Mayak» industrial reservoirs. Dots in
the figure mark sampling stations
2
Estimated dose rate values for hydrobionts,
μGy/h (Erica Assessment Tool)
1.E+07
1.E+06
Phytoplankton
Zooplankton
Zoobenthos
Dose rate, mGy/h
1.E+05
1.E+04
1.E+03
1.E+02
1.E+01
1.E+00
1.E-01
1.E-02
1.9E-01
7.7E-02
ShR
8.3E-01
2.3E+02 2.7E+01 2.3E+02
8.1E+02 4.4E+01 6.8E+02
4.6E+03 1.6E+02 5.7E+03
6.9E+04 1.3E+03 4.6E+04
R-11
R-10
R-4
R-17
Reservoirs
1.5E+06 5.0E+04
R-9
3
Indirect ecological effects of chronic
radiation exposure
1.
2.
3.
Adaptation / disadaptation at different levels
of biological organization
Interaction of radiation with other abiotic
factors
Changes of biotic relationship in biocenosis
4
Adaptation / disadaptation at different levels of
biological organization
Frequency of aberrations, ‰
1. Subcellular level: changes of chromosome aberrations frequency in
the meristem cells of onion root after acute gamma-radiation
Dose of acute gamma-radiation, Gy
5
Adaptation / disadaptation at different levels of
biological organization
1. Subcellular level: changes in frequency of peripheral blood
erythrocytes with chromosome aberration s in fish from
radioactively contaminated reservoirs
6
Adaptation / disadaptation at different levels of
biological organization
Frequency of erythrocytes
with apoptosis, ‰
2. Cellular level: changes of frequency of apoptosis in peripheral
blood erythrocytes of fish from radioactively contaminated
reservoirs
Dose rate, mGy/day
3. Organism systems level: increase in the portion of erythropoietic
dividing cells in fish from radioactively contaminated reservoirs
7
Adaptation / disadaptation at different levels of
biological organization
4. Population level: change in cells volume of green algae culture
(Scenedesmus quadricauda) isolated from radioactively contaminated
reservoirs
180
cell,3 mm3
of мкм
Volume
клетки,
Объем
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
ШВ
В-10
В-4
Водоемы
Reservoirs
В-17
8
Adaptation / disadaptation at different levels of
biological organization
4. Population level: shortening of cell cycle duration (increase in growth
rate) of green algae culture (Scenedesmus quadricauda) isolated from
radioactively contaminated reservoirs
1200
Number of cells at 3rd day of growth,
× 1000/ml
1000
800
600
400
200
0
ShR
R-10
R-4
R-17
Reservoirs
9
Adaptation / disadaptation at different levels of
biological organization
4. Population level: increase of radioresistance of green algae cultures
(Scenedesmus quadricauda) isolated from radioactively contaminated
reservoirs.
140
120
LD50 , Gy
100
80
60
40
20
0
ShR
R-10
R-4
Reservoirs
R-17
10
Adaptation / disadaptation at different levels of
biological organization
5. Level of communities: preservation of phytoplankton biomass while
reducing species diversity
11
Interaction of radiation with abiotic factors
1. Three variants of the interaction of factors: additive effect;
antagonism; synergism.
Isobologram (ED50) of the combined effect of the
nitrates and acute gamma exposure on the
growth of the algae Scenedesmus quadricauda
Isobologram (LD50) of the combined effect of the
sodium nitrate and acute gamma exposure on a
30-day survival of the oligochaetes (T. tubifex)
12
Changes of biotic relationship in biocenosis
Dependency of zooplankton biomass on
phytoplankton biomass in comparison reservoir
Biotic (trophic) interactions of primary producers
and primary consumers (phytoplanktonzooplankton) in the studied reservoirs
13
Dependency of zoobenthos biomass on
dose rate
4.6
◦
0.6
- Mean; • - Median
- 0.25 – 0.75 quantiles
- Regression line
- Bivalves biomass
0.03
0
0
14
Realization of indirect effects of chronic
radiation exposure
Chronic radiation exposure + other ecological factors
(additive effect; antagonism; synergism)
Phytoplankton
(adaptive reactions)
Zooplankton
Cyanotoxins, hypoxy
Death of bivalves mollusks inhabiting bottom sediments
15
Thank you for attention!