Butler University
Digital Commons @ Butler University
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Undergraduate Scholarship
5-1-1968
Yazoo: Compromise and Corruption
Ford Andrew Anderson II
Butler University
Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.butler.edu/ugtheses
Part of the United States History Commons
Recommended Citation
Anderson, Ford Andrew II, "Yazoo: Compromise and Corruption" (1968). Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection. Paper 292.
This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Scholarship at Digital Commons @ Butler University. It has been accepted
for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Butler University. For more
information, please contact [email protected].
and
Lj/
r_;WF~
1
ChGpter
I - Yazoo Land Claims to 1803
PafJf3
If
Ch8[iLSI'
II
Page
"_I
Chapt8r
III - Yazoo 8ill, March 31, 1805
Pagn
31
Page
35
- Df~bates in Congress
Ci1::rpGfH'IV - Analysis
of
the
Va te
1~
~. .: L ·.C' i.;
,
~,.!:!.,
11
IiU.
"'!
,
i ;
I.
1
I'.: :, :!, I_J n
,,
s. _1-
i;
T:'I,P!
rJ C:f'
:~'ji"
':C[!.
':,j;:~'\1
,:::~
t
Tril
r».
:._i :
..
LUfi
L,:,
pr'u'j3":-Jr_~::';
'-;i.,J/;I;-) ::'I_!
i-JfUt~J
,i::''j,
• _
...
lC
['"]1)1
._ •••
C'
:,!'j':
rUl'!'!}
';,.)
,,;1'/;:.:'1
i, ;
i;:j
rj :',;
'::';
~~
l' d ;,! i_J ~!.c5 ' ;-"~:, J:;' :~' ~~!;_.~.r J rJ ::;
'",'I'~"','L'l """:,'",1'",II:I,,!',',,
T11,~.
Ci'l
;-]i.'J'./
1'('/"
''J
r;OJ::;'j::'ji,':lIi_}Jl;":,J
'J"
CL-j
1.1.1"
l),i
_
,---'·-rl·
..: /
'
;
..
'.oJ._
·/r"~
.'_.
····1::J
,".__
/';1'" I
r ')'
1 '::i..• ~,j ~"'~
I~~_
i..
J. r-,
j
G
f IJ}' CJ ; n L ;.
"
i:j-'
1.'J1J!.__I_'!_', .. 1
",!!:I
Li;,';".'_;
Ci f
i:,! n
,
.1790
lJ2
rn;TI!
__~)'
r:r'i:,!I'-lf,l
_
l-,-_j,-.~, ·7... ;..~ -._,;';j:
... ~
1
-_
i1:;
13 cr,': i,I'.'J:r!,
rFll'
t:y;
:L G 1S
.
,r:~~]
or
f';-';'
_" .. .J.,._~
prJ
..........
';--:
,,1
..j;.J -,
tIl8JeCr:"
"""..JJ
"j':""
I_;
:]nd
_'1,,'._'.i,",~: i:
'"",!",'r'~
__
U'!"I:"';'I','"
IJ
__--'~-,..I,
~_.J+ '" ;,!
...;.
i-.'_11 ]1:')
J.J"->,
',oJ.L.. ....
Ulc' dl'fic;.lrm,,;]rnr.m]
:'lrJ'_-
GU!JV',l't
.~;.
.!..'-oi
ti!e
C:JUSU
; ""
~,_j
l,:::~;',r,:1,'•.1'1.'
1,',,')'[-"
")-'J It..... f'1.L
n" jJr
f...
I"~~('!J
-: •
..__
~C_
repuiJJlcclf'i
uf
John Randolph, on the bill to COmp8nG~tB
land ownors of 1795, March 31, 1806
f)'u
i._JflCJle.
Yazoo
The State of Georuia WAS restrained, either by general
principles which are common to our free institutions,
or by the particular provisions of the Constitution
of
the Unitpd States, from pas~ing a law whereby the estate
of the plaintiff in the premises so purchased could be
consti tutionally and leg[Jlly impaired and rendered null
and \loid.
Chief Justice John Marshall, Fletcher v. Peck,
on Georgi a flescindint] !lct of 1796, 1810
In 1795 the Geor i~ legislature
of its
!118;,;turrl
teI'l'ltuI'IuJ
cluirrl::;.
sold over 35,800,000
Fnur cDrn)J8nl"3s,
acres
CUff!;;[IClerJ
1 r'9'-r:J
I' L~
-, '_-oJ [""i I '._~
. C'_j
l~lJFJ n
i; y y 8;:1 1's •
_J..
/
-
Republican
the
[)
.1
POl11fH'
"\'1.;;]
z IJ[)
n::;J ~~1"10 n a, _ fJ U V ~3s: II .'"
i i l2 n c ::)r
•
! 1(:; r.:;
l!
;rrrr"~
accuaeo
rrl
',.J ~.i Lchl.:J[J
;'J
Juhn Randolph
iI8Pl'8:~[)ntC'jti\!n~),
til8 Yazoo
ignoring
n
I •
'D
8
_~
f]
party.
Hnuae of
favoring
, U "1C
nmn of
of
1795.
0f
the Fe,leralists
l~h8 puh llc qood.
the strict separation
The Yazoo petitions
interests
Finally
during
ill-defined.
of corruption
soothe
i nterrw
of the ?\m8ric;'m
of
branches.
were the first organized
lobbying
branch met.
of state
relationship
was
claimed Georgia
had
a law she passed when that law was a product
In part, proponents
Chief Justice
t s and
of the governmental
of a Yazoo settlement
of the people were
of a Yazoo compromise
wanted
to
problem by paying the buyers who by 1796 were
for the most part innocent
third parties.
John Marshall
in 1810 finally
Fletcher
v. Peck that the 1796 rescinding
violated
the obligation
supremacy
sF~ttl21ill;nt
ai.di nq sp8cL:.1l
and when the best interests
the complex
tutional.
'l:i'j
~mrG'J out of
time when the federal-state
U~ponents
a right to abrogate
violated.
[JPpO~ll:l:J
S8
in
leader
saw danger in the debasement
in Congress
8
r
l:l z j_ r1!J comp romi
the Yazoo issue dealt with the definition
sovereignty
0
Ttw Hepu:Jlic2!fl
and integrity
that the legislative
,-:"
_l_ ~j'~:JG:-~~
f__
majority
In the development
party system, men like Randolph
I
l
U
21'/Tr;;JO
Roanoke,
violentl,}
j
of a contract
ruled through
action of Georgia
and was therefore
unconsti-
Thus, the Yazoo issue ended with a proclamation
of federal
law as defined
by the judiciary.
of the
Claims
and Cessions
of the Original
States 1
3
LOWEH
CANADA
BRITISH
POSSESSIONS
I
,,\'rI
47"/::"
41"
,.r'1.(
A
'I"
........ ".
~".-
n'
F
t.
o
1>
'I,
/
0
"
GULF
II X
";
,"
.
,J 1 ' -
",Iii!
1
Chapter
I - Yazoo
Most of present
heavily
debated
government
day Alabama
and contested
claimed
War.
a secret
signed
boundary
of this are3.
ular ,
noundarv
the
degrees
north.
1 n 17[1,3,
r\m2l'h~cJn
tJ.'8al~'I
be
32
In 1763
lying
n tl
l'ec2ived Florida
\rJflOiI
r
'8
colon
i all
\;he
as ~ result
riat
"
the
i rnits
Spanisil
after
but, if
SJcru L
real
the
of the Treaty
i \n';:]
boundary
of the rivers which
i',i ng lsi
the
Suutl18!'11
10shcu Lrl
juri;';cJi.ci~ionover al.I L:Jlld~l
clailflecl
i'UC
ti on to
•
•
1)ITSS1F;Sl:Jf.Jl
"J'
claim
LJV
flowad into th8
Ciov1Jrno r u.ir I uh ~" i SClUE;d
«a vor ,
II
inc 1. U d [) rl t h 2 Y a z Cln n r 8(]
the Uni tBr.l J t ~Jtes cl ailfledthe
ebut t aI to
and the United
~8pt Florida
Floricia's
spoils
rt h ,
of Enq l.anu
to
r:; U 0 i'CJ i a
as part of the common
r:md I:Jhun ~JPf:]i n 1881'n,JrJ 0 f l.he
11
the
States
d8~Jrt1eS 28 rninutt~E;north;
32
;:18
e8stw3rrJ of th8 sourc~s
TIH·m,
The United
agl'E~8d upon a
uh i ch
she cont;J3ced time
the I~ing
an tic.
region
comprised
In 1782 Great Britain
21:\ mi nu L;:)S no
rJegr885
lands.
If Great gritain
Spain
n f P Dr i s
Yazoo
tl'saty
to
bJrJS
to 1803
and Mississippi
this entire
of the Revolutionary
~Jtat8s
Land Claims
2
•
Trie r-ef'n r e ,
I n t U I"~
S
tin 'ell V ,
ar o C'l From ~p 21i n , ths on 1 y
in U18 rlucumen l.e bJilich proved
~
while
that Georgia
After
Inost
a colony
controlled
the Revolutionary
valuable
land claims.
wE~:3tern lands.
resource
of
the Yazoo
War Georgia
that
Many prominent
region
pBople
area. ~
was a poor
lay in
became
state.
her vast
involved
The
western
with Georgia's
s
,
i
~_jJ~:_JUr
J...ll
.:. i'l' ; .;
Tu
/;.1,;
';Ul;
i
U
i..
r
ij.l
c;
t
I,
t!';'
,
! :,!'I',';·
i_~
I
I'i
r. :
i •
J :_
,i-:
,_.j"
....
r-'
,:.J::J'.i
r,
'j
,i '.
J
I,.;
>J s: u 11ri -: ,·.n-'i
.'
1',,[;
cJ
,~:;j .'
f__j
',.I
i.'
i'_J["
L ;:-,
'i_
T' ,;
up
f] U 1"
iJ
r,'_;
n
,
,~
:..J
i_JI_j
n :~~i
l' ;-:~\f :. CJ! i .j
:_::.i.' •
J. 'j
,
1""rH'
Ji
,.I
r
1,'J ["I
1.,1 ~~
'~~~
Cl
prE'tner")
8'j
aroused,
from
:JouttJ Cm'oli
f
emu
C·jrnpany.
and
tl18rns21vr)s
this
0 the
timo
thu Georgia
of
IJI'OUPS
Vazoo Company
•
Tria
p ara l
r
;30uth
on
1 1:3 1.
CarolineJ
thco eust
9
b'J
headed
",.
~8V18r.
group
t.!HOJ
Trw VirginLc]
.~.'end
L0
1. C~::.! 'I} :,.;"
th~J Snuth
U
Carolina
SpaGUI21tOl'S
was presented
as well as from the T8nn08588
C
f0
into
legislature
t Iy Z 8Cl18r13 h C"ox an d") Lohn
Rl v ar ,
l~J~~~
I' :::;
7
ric,!.
rJI'']e!f11ZHcl
the Virginia
Martin,
c: U IJ n t y
rrt t iJ U(J U 2:' tiC) 11
8
-:j
bV Patrick
Yazoo
Company
Yi]ZOD
h,Jc\become
with
petitions
Henrv
and Joseph
which ~la8 led
8
r[lC8iv8Li 1'1tr2]cL con !,i;llnin
TomtJii][lW:, ~lllrJ em thr3 north
Cornp'JnY
r'~c8iv~:
11,40fJ,orm
mOrFJ
by the
::H:;rE,S -
::;:Jl'd
Lim
6
I" nOD,
Cicrns.
O[)D
The South
Coll'l] U_ n
w~s to f18'j ~65,9G4t
the Virginia
Cnrnp:Jn'J.~I+G,(375
till.:dr
uyurage
territury.
IJB~JC:lnLD make
Cumpi:JnV
The 3rJuth
of
Henry
act
the Yazoo
Federal
a 21Gat.e
The Creek
the Yazoo
of
tile
Crecks,
a dgfinitlon
dSSE3rt
em
tiJarl
to profit
tile
tli th'J
From
uo r l:,illeE;~3
to deliver
the title
[Jut
Thumas
in
1791
beCEIIEJ8
tile,}
can 1]1\18a right
wore
In 1790,
included
to such
Alexander
of the CrB8k-United
EHl'J1_l1ng
Lhe
no t ~lublicly
Yazoo
Indian
ltlCot~~ to
titles
lmlLls
lands ....
"
States
p art
half-brBed
U;'j[;hir1uton in ih]!..:.] Yorl~
"no
lLr
t l'iiJe wi·11.ch occupied
McGillivrav,
appuarBd
over which
To Jpfferson
jurisdiction.
a fierce
rI'8sic\Emt
In
t.hen
ivir. JFJPPfJI'f)Qn
that the Georgia
had
C131.llls.
Jeffel'E;lJn,
of War,
government
m'3i;
up its
t.n qiV'3
Pr8~drJent did
l.uili12
issues.
Indi ,ms
area.
ILii
refused
rr~f'u~;8cl
Cmnpi:irlV
Jefferson
Hr.
be spuc ioua
to
the
nf
trying
for a rBr:Jr8::1S o f Uri".~v;:mc8s.
Knox, SecrBt8rv
GO him
pavmcln"
i~oul t r I.e pr~ti. t i unetl
~itati3,
disputes
cnmmen t nn
only
CZH'olirm
,'·\1C3<clrirj8r
':J8Cl'etrll'Y
Yazoo
and the T8nn2s~~~
13
l:WICJrlIT18t.
1791
was
'jElCH'S
thnt thr~ cnnrl l t i nns of the ,:JI;jrmo!lJunt
of the land on the grounds
In
twn
11
\Jirglniu
not
thi n
This lJJ,lS 18~js
10
Georgia
Georgia
h ad
ldi
Compan'j t93,741,
orie cent p8r acl's.
~f
dour') •
tl18
for'
C'WIIV1l1'j
to
r81a~iun~hip."
of
chief
Clrl'cllllJ8
for
WaShington
'7
Crtocd~s'_._IfH·U to c,3,:ie
t o r::,f-OClJ.'Ui:
1:ifIC);:.;
FJ,:j:,G
Dr
GflfJ [Jconm;,
!_·kli.ch heEJ 'll!:':J,"'~ly r_Ji~ml Dccupi[,rj by I_.Jhii:E, c~f_:)tl-.12r::;, Llilc
O.he CreukriJ WE:'_'C; to r;:~t'_:Jin thel"'f'.
south 'md l'J8:G CJr' i~hat
river 'rmel of the iHtc31[lah;:J, thus Lnv a l i ua t i.nq c:1CJi:lIs
ltJilici-l
j
Georgia had set un under hsr earller
Fur theI'lnOTS, tim
recognized
f,c£nty
f-jtiuulaterJ
t;h2itn ttl';;: Uni. ted
auve rai qn over such Crenk
3S
trAaties.
Lands
which Jay
na t·lona_"I Li
1ml. t s. II 16
Since
McGillivray's
land, the CreBk chief was
Georgia
the rank of 3rigidier
annual
General
salary of $1200.
of the united States
LJi
',dDS
the
thin
Gould not restore
compensated
The t~eatv set the precedent
with
government
for tha right
of Indian lands. 17
denial of state control
and ~he Georgia
t'3:i
of the United States Army and an
to set the boundaries
This was a drastic
government
3tates
the United
r,it<l
b~ the federal
was incensed.
The Treaty of New York increAsed by about one-third the are8
of Georgia which was opened to white settlers, but much the
largest part of the state was now guaranteed to the Creeks
and placed under federal control.
Since Georgia then
claimed most of the present day Alabama and MiSSissippi.
she actually had possession of less than one-tenth of the
land in her boundaries.
8
Following
territory
the Indian treaty,
south of the Ohio, including
also Georgia's
became
at 31 degrees
States
western
a state.
of San Lorenzo
months.
Congress
19
lands claimed
The United States
in 1795.
Spain
organized
in 1790 the
what is now Tennessee,
by Spain.
and
In 1796 Tennessee
and Spain had signed the Treaty
accepted
the international
north and agreed to vacate the territory
boundary
in six
But Spain did not move out until 1798 when the United
threatened
to use military
force
to take over the area. 20
~!
8
With
the departure
south
1'8f;]10n,
try to convince
The final.
much
had becume
the late
involving
deeply
colonial
ld'3~)
involved
period
tracts
vast
of
there
to
21
territory.
nOG cCHlsunnrlcJGBd until
in the uigantlc
creation
of the faderal
produced
tile
fluid
fin2JncB
government
ambitious
some
thHre had never b8~n
',UCfl
E,chml18s.
and Hamilton's
fundin~
2lS~38t;s IJJill_cf"1enl'ltJled
a flCluri;:3hor spec'Jlation.1l
lJJith
had been
land, but
capit;:Jl IJJithIJJhich to
floaclnr,
CcclI'881'
1,~nrJ5
of
thrEo8 commissiuns
up all her western
rlisputed
this
tile terri Gorv
into
of
organized
frauds.
Durinq
projects
States
~3r:llection
to give
to the
Georqia
Land
the
Georgia
st3tt181f1ent
1802, after
the United
32 degree:" 28 minutes,
nf
and authorized
rHf3F>issippi
Yazoo
of Spain,
the
neb) natieJrj
22
It lJJUS
"The
operation
to tJ8(Jin
its
C
,,1
tltlO
Wc:lljstri )8G
tmC2!USEl
DUe;<ancler] Hmniltonls
l!JC)\J
of thinking
p1acm_\ onna i rf arable omph8s1s upon the financial
benefits to the government which miqht he derived ~rom the proceeds of the sales
men of
of
nut
tile
public
l~lfI;:Js.
And tl1FJc38 peup l.e 8XElrci"38rJ pnuer
<311
o f .IJ1'of,Jortion to [,i1:::1r Iliernt)[lr3 in tilEl :3('11'1; days bJfl8n 2:;
f't1u8ral [YJ\}8rnrn8nt IJJ;J:3
trying to l""st:ltJlish its c r-erf it ,
Wishing
8xptJ,cted
~hose
tD
to ~onduct their
,,;ell
land was
to
innDcent
uninhahited
on 8 181'08 scale, 8pecu-
operations
purChDEJ':'1l'::i, tlv~'J
except
for
Indians,
IrlSl'U nut
offered
nvur
Lv
unusual
advant,j[]8S.
ThE; G8orC)i(] land
shameless
fraud.
the twentlj-Four
»8"
s:JuClJlatiun vnntUI'8S
of the 1790's
1796 over
acres
existing
counties
29,000,000
where
there
were
wer8
[,)81'8
granted
actually
a
in
18ss
9
t.h an
u
9, , f)r')(']
._~...J 00(-'
-J
fictitious
"'j"l""['P',:'
C
~ _ .,-,_I~.
surveys
1
reporting
barren"
nam8d
certified
f ...... -
fertile
Heraclitus
18nd and forests
which
dld not
25
~1I'e8
•
On8 writer
of the peace
Justices
r'! ~.jn S 11 21,
wrote
satirically
of this "pine
speculation:
Halloo,
Halloo,
Halloo!
Th~ subscribers
will sellon
most moderate terms: Ten
millions of acres of valuable bine barren land in the
province of Utopia, on which there are several very
sumptuous air castles, ready furnished, that would make
commodious
a~d desireabJf3 "~(fbitations for gentlemen of
the speculat1ve
class •.•• -,
As mentioned
the period
empty;
Georgia
troops
without
rest in her sale of the Yazoo
la::.mt
from
0issisaippi
35 million
I;hat
and
the Georgia
thE?
8\1Urc1i:J8
of the fL~d8rC]1 qOV[3!:'r1ll18nt.
enacted
bV the Ordinance
time in
the
t he i.r briber!
in
was
Indian
that
only hope app8oJ.'ed to
paid l250,000,
Thes8
grants
prief:)
uas
Thl'OUIJh thlJ
!"lIlt
c811T1.
paid
only
1a
801'9
S35,OOO,
~nd the
totalled
El
Li
t
at
l.I.eUV'31'
r<3ijul:1LiuIH3
was s~lllnu
for::;l.OO cHI de"e.
clllidus
1
of L
the 1!l83ternlands
of 1785, Conyr8GS
r,JorthldestTerritory
lcgic;lcltUl'e,
in the endless
- the Upper Mississippi
paid ~155pOOO. 2B
aCI'f33
treasury
had so depreciated
Georgia's
purchased
$500,000
paid $60,000,
straits
lands.
In 1795, four cumpanies
th8 Tennessee
"The State
currency
27
value."
for a total of nearlv
War.
who had been employed
were unpaid ••• the state
it was almost
Georgia
was in poor financial
after the R8volutionary
the state
troubles
before,
land at this
29
Tua oppDsit"Lon
W;J~>i
InU
Georgia's
T
Fort
1';.
Snu
E
N
_)1'pper MisSissippi Co. 1795
1/11,111
Lands
30
N
Fernando
.r: ~
~ J:'~:-:
~8stBrn
j ..
GEORGIXS
WESTErZ:\ LA0:DS
17:53-1 :-SU3
tJ
1),1'
........
(f)
:..... .,j
v
;p
z
Upper
1-- "
•• ft •• ~
•
(f)
MIS:;ISSIPPI
Tenllessee
U.S.
Co. lI'95
Co. l795
tort
I
1-33'
I
r-
o
c
i
r"'2.·
(f)
11_J,
1..'l
_
lane
of
"Br Lbe s
~;cJIF;n.
:CjlwEls,
of
Senator
or r lce
iFJrI'slEi
l8g~Lsl;Jtol'SbJllrJSf:3
Lantl,
of
WI
much
i:lfid o f m,JnE~'j tuHl'e
cons clenco inclined
Gunn was in the
state
75,000
,Jf3
II
capital,
James uli Lsnn , r~ssoclate
.Ius
miG
PHI'SOll,
freely handed to
31
them 21C.I<'Jinstthe hill."
Augusta,
at this
time
to the United
pustl for this bill and for his reelection
Senate.
tu
DCl'El~3
to
States
ti C8 o f the Uni ted States
Supreme
Court,
was thors wittl ~25,OOO in bank bills and he bouoht
750,000
acres of good land from the Georgia
along with the majority
Company."
of the legislature
These man
32
and chief executive
of
the state were Federalists.
Governor
he thought
of monopoly
reservations
wrong.
33
proportionately
least 35,000,000)
Georgia
citizens
34
included
January
the bill on December
for selling
for Georgians
at the original
Governor
Senate
Mathews
voted
signed
price.
the price
and the principle
made a deal whereby
acres
which would be reserved
28, 1794, because
the lands,
to small,
The four companies
share 2,000,000
to 9 and the Georgia
mise.
vetoed
the time not propitious
too lOGJ,the
would
Mathews
they
(out of a total of at
for sale exclusively
The Georgia
for
House voted
19
10 to 8 in favor of the comprothe compromise
measure
as a rider on a bill to pay the state militia
which was
on
7, 1795.
James
on January
Jackson,
the Jeffersonian
Senator
from Georgia,
wrote
G, 1795, that if the Yazoo Act had been passed
I consider Georgia as having passed a confiscation
act of
the rights of your children and mine and (of) unborn
generations,
to supply the rapacious grasp of a few sharks •.•
and two-thirds of Geor~ia will be held andcowned by
residents of Philadelphia
in six months. 3~
12
The
people
GeorQi2l at
of
and the information
On Februarv
about
tr18 Yazoo
the sale
of
17,
time did
thlEJ
slowly
President
1795
land c l aims
nOG
crssped
the
YazDD sales
out.
Washington
wrote
to ttle
auch lTlagnituda , oncl in thei r conssq:_jellcBS m,31j so clesp1y
peace
now
and welfare
of
t-l
following
resolution
Prosident
of
or,
the
D
to
bill
flct
of their
1795:
II
claim
in 1in8 [1lithits
UGon it before
as GaorDiu
t.uo, formally
pre:"ent<3d
,38
<3
with
the
Tho t the
to
a cRsaion
obtain
to the whole,
~djourn
b8came
it necessary
F<esolvee1,
C'Elsulution, but
h~dto
it
of
of fec t the
responded
p L't~~)ent I nrH an IJounchH'i 85."
In the meantime
except
267
be authorized
States
of Georgia
that I thought
The House
3tJ
II
nn F8bruary
1 and wi tlli n ttle
p<'lSsed
able
onqI'ess.
the United
from the state
States,
C'
~
081"0re
t
1,aV;118T11
'·0
t
the United
Congress
acts elfibrElC8em object
ntt,eSt=!
t'rlclt
of
UIOIJJ
or any
37
the
House
The
~j,jr)(3t8
part
l1JC
.:S
.
not
on March 4, 1795.
aware
of the Yazoo
the
C!rieviJnce
scandal
of the
paS03t3f;J8
..,1'""1
Land
s,JIEcJ act
with
,:\lomjr~d uh l p anrl
Senator
lead
James
Senator
")0
I,')::)S
hung
he
fought
of the YazoO
at
least
Senator
political
lay in his opposition
Georgia
state
turned
in the late
republic
Gunn.
Senator
to note
the
solidarity
that Georgia
including
Jackson's
~o the
189i8-
inceml8rJ over the
four dUBls,
Remembering
did not maintain
is interesting
39
to
in the state
act
Yazoo
from a ~_;t:::jI_Jnctl1y
FClderalist
1790's.
cn rnur n ,
'3trout
so pel'sollZJllV
his colleague,
base
on
from the iJnitad States Senate
Jack::Jon bnC'fTl8
that
Guru 1 h,:id to protuc t n imse Lf
in effi!j'j
returned
for the repB8l
~:iHn2lLol'
frauds
1795.11
Jackson
the fight
latul'8.
Yazoo
of
one with
lepublican
frauds~
DtcJte to
a rlepublican
that
parties
in the early
of
present
day parties,
earlier
it
had been one of the few
13
states
to vote unanimously
Georgia's
uone
reasons
for wanting
a metamorphosis.
vs. Georgia
constitution
government
of New York removed
40
This aspect
1798 when the Eleventh
what Georgia
Court ruled in
Amendment
The Pederal
government
changed
from seeking
had not solved
But above all, the drastic
change
over from Fe eralist
Two young figures
William
Crawford,
petitions
against
the opposi
ti
YazoO
a future
in
.
l'7'J
the
UI~l
YAZOO
gl'2lntcl L'!tOT"'.
uncunsti tu
lanun
the
cornnd t
Jclckson's
I.d8I'C
conn,I'mr3. d to
of 1-1oDc,l,lell,
v is i t1ng
legislature.
at this time.
One was
who circulated
was John ~8ndolph
to a compromise
h i s friend
J08E~ph
who led
DVd!'
t;he
[luring
fJr'l;'m
tilD
uiJt:alil8cl
LB8
cormnittf3D
t o f';c)jcind
f'f3iiCl!,i;HrJ
the
to
1795
the
Yazoo
s al.e s ,
hlf_!i,,}lu[;u1'8
IJ'l thE~ uas o f lir'iiwrlj
and tllat the,)
tile
lunds in LjUflU t i un lIJEH'El
i C'
. lId·
L'
I'
~IrOBC,) .
cJiI<_'.
J,nC,<!Y3(,JtJJ
nr'lans
'.llj
'"IB
t.iorml \:.:C']IE3c'
[.
CI'H
1"\'
w,UCC:jU
liE)[jDtiJ[;ucl
"ttlEl
Republi-
to
U.
of
25,1796
The second
a change.
lf1
r
.
cho s an CilDirrnan
On Janu:JI'y
1,I:::l3
wanted
candidate,
UnitEoc\ 3t8t·g~i House
the
I!Jl'lC]
upr o 211' tn
in Georgia
presidential
the fraud.
c La tma. anrJ
popu 131'
DElS
III
appeared
in
the Indian
and the people
of the 1796 Anti-YazoO
was
redress
border
in the election
of other
the .f3deral
along the Georgia
can occurred
had under-
of state sovereignty
in order to forbid citizens
state courts.
problems
central
that a state could be sued by citizens
·
until
strong
By 1796, however,
In 1795 the Supreme
lands.
s t a t es an d coun t r18S.
denied
8
The Treaty
felt were her rightful
Chisolm
for the Constitution.
1]']
cJOlt'JprUrEll't')
til8
Cnnl;in:::mt;~Jl
of
tiI8Jt.Dt~],
COrlC_li'e,Yi
in
4
17::')6. .:.
!:;ubject "ml'/
r-,
to the
riqllG
uf
of
tI'Uc.1ty
the
t o srlCl'Jle
':jt;Jtes
Untt£?d
to
in a joint lnt-:utingof the Housn
of
Yazoo
CrlG
incident
"Cod save th8 State!
1njure
Ill"ll'r::l
burnnn
to
t.hern
Georgia
constitutional
~81' i_
sh
as
convention
lands to companies
or individuals
ofF into counties
and it declared
The Yazoo
iately,
and began to re-sall
companies.
ThreB
at an average
purchasers
States
companies
of the Yazoo
area.
,,;puke:
HOLlG8
nOLl
4lf
do."
The
of 179B foroadethe
s81e of western
until these regions
should
forever
opened
offices
an acre.
in Boston
46
Lmmeu-
of their money
subsidiary
Bnd sold land
The greater
lands were from the New England
Most of these claimants
be laid
void the Yazoo Act. 45
their lands and organize
price of 14 cents
The
And may eVBry
rupt ac ts
hur-r Lad to pay most
companies
[+3
the records
her rights!
cur
tl18(38
pUrCh,]E;C,
:C;'J!lJ8.Il
of the
1:[-18 nI8~3~:;uni]8r
And lung preserve
attempt
!;[18
hl~li18
cJnCi-;2r1C3te.
to
CrlEl ':jt"lt8
were innocent
part of the
or Middle
purchasers
who
['7
were not aware of the bribery
On January
partners
of the Georgia
16th and 17th, 1796, Wade Hampton
in the Upper Mississippi
out to three men for $120,000.
for this land, Mr. Hampton
the new purchasers
Early
Company
Mississippi
Company,
48
Since Georgia
immediately
next year the proprietors
their claims
who in February,
Land Company
land at 33 cents an acre.
The backers
bought
T
out his
and on March 6th he sold
must have cleared
departed
transferred
speculators,
legislature.
only received
a large orofit.
to Europe
One of
to sell the land.
of the Georgia
MiSSissippi
to a related
group of Boston
1797, organized
the New England
which made elabor~t8
$35,000
plans for selling
49
of the ['Jew England
Company
ucr c FBdfHDlist:3
and Uley
15
sought
out the advice
Georgia
of the most
important
F8deralist
the land sales of 1795.
rescinded
in a lElQal opinion
to UF~ foundE~rs
lawyer
Alexander
of the
when
Hamilton
wrote
[;mnpcmv
thel!:;
r'!eLu EnqLmcl
taking
the terms of the Constitution
in the 1211'001' S8nSB
[apsc i fi C oi1.1.y the p a5;3a~J8 in the fi r st :31'1:.1 c 1a (,Ihi eh I"orbl d
from nassing an act impairing
the obligation
of
•.• tria revocation
of the Drant tJ'j th"" act of the
L)I]islatul'O
or lieo1'Qi21, m::l'j fLr~:d;11j tHJ consiclt:H'ed as
contrarlj to the Confd;ltui:;i'ln uf the Unitud
,.JLi1teG, and ,
Con~re8s
con trc]ctj
L'lPrcfol's
GI ~.~
-,
flUl'-
ConqrBsS
tho
Y zoo
••••
in 1798 ignored
area
Gt~n8r~Jl
of
group
ci
CJ roup.
uJhich
TI1U:j ucre
cl dfTIf3;:; J ;=Ir:;l~sun,
Lincohl
to
,J
0
all Clffl
being
part of
organized.
lii'JriltJd
Sr:C1'8tcI1''j or' :3tat"
Albsrt
Gallatin,
and
comrrlissioll to
flJd8rcll-stat~e
s w8stern
placed
and
then
51
lands.
he]'! hie] unsucC8;:,:=Jf'ul11j
t; 11"/
~\tlI'
t,El
of the Treasury
"
of Georgia
n cession
arrange
nne
Levi
claims
Territorv
pI'3sicient
br'-CaTl18
Jamos r~adison, Secretary
~\\;torn8\J
Georgia's
in the Missi~siDi
after Jeffer:':JDll
'Joon
'50
Gallatin
til8
::!cJT~nst
had been
'(i]ZUC)
f the
T 1'U ,]C:3UI'V vi r l.u2111'j ho ru tlte umu 18
rJ81 !jloJi
n,
cmd
J1.Jhn
(
i I"lIJ
[-1 i lleclfJ8 repr8,;r~nt
r-:,?
me t uJicl-l
Georgirl
[\CCO
I'd i nrJ 1 y,
hsI' territory
;:md
west
cdTln,::!t
tt·IJ.'Elcl
!.JeD r
'J i. c;)
Lh 1'0
of the
n
f;Jhic\-l I1FJS to
L:mnrnission l'spoi.'cerJ
the sale of 5,000,000
SCCC'l:;,H'i8S.
U ~111 11f3 r
Chattahoochee
::\l,;J!J2.lTn21) POI' Dl,250,Of'JIJ,
::3tipulCltio
t;t-18
Ule
rock
that
acres
settlmflent
cmflml
f:l3
i U n C 1'8
(present
of
should
EJCI'IC)cC:
;l!J rE~ f3
or
c!
to
c
;:)cJe
doV Mississippi
ril}cltB clallll'c;
the; CfJngI'8~j::j und
5,00,000
Gtmruials
J_
tIle
f'lntire
i;>r8
bB used to settle
;il\c!
COulltr\},
lJI'ClCC-wciscl
from
the conflicting
..LU
c Lai
ms
of
c 1 airnants
of
thu
I
Yazoo
Tim
cHEW.
cornnlisc:;iDrl
titles to the 1cmds cou Ld
the corruption
of the Georgia
rFJ t
repoI'i:;"d
tJ8
thai:.
1;\18
au j]Jlorteci,
Llut
Yaz cn
[wc;c]u:::;;:,
legislature
the interest of the United ~tat8s, the tranquility
of those
who hereafter occupy that territory and various equitable
considerations which may be in favor of some claimants,
render it 8xoediant to enter into a compromise on reasonable terms. 53
On r"larcll
5, 1803, the House passed an act ambudvl ng the
Commission's
report.
John Randolph,
protracted
The opPOSition
Republican
to thiS moasure was led by
floor leader, who began a famous and
assault which broke apart the Jeffersonian
party.
Through
the debates
actions
to settle the Yazoo controversy
while John Randolph
of Roanoke
54
national
disunity."
in Congress
Republican
from 1803 to 1805 the
became
a national
scandal
called it "the Alpha and Omega of
---
~~--------------.-.-'---------
Congress
increasingly
Randolph
Vazoo
but
of
debated
the Vazoo
bitter
and eratic
claims
House,
11J
became
In
anti
fw
r(~JncJol_ptl
claims
denunciations,
1803
FloridQ
8xpn'lss:::cl
from the Yazoo
John
to secure
araB.
Rando lpn wen
8
compromise
not
CI,T=J£3n
of
senSB,
money
rua jo r I ty
Laade r
this pns i t.iun un t i l l8DG wrwn he
not Insa
beliefs
Through
In a larger
for a compromisp
1/ n r
a b rIbet;
1 Randolph
from Spain.
trH388
to 1806.
men led by John
measures
a symbol
did
from 1803
naP t e I' r E! f U 3 Lng tofu
i t h J e f f 13r f} 0
to narner
in Congress
the Jeffersonian
principle.
thu
r' 0 ke
II - Debates
to all claimants
the
IJ
Chapter
attacked
payment
in
.. --... --.----
0
F r :)[1 r: f~ i. n
wa~ an efFactive
in the l?l~h Congress:
h:;[;2l'
Love
uf p;~(JC8, hatred o f W'lr, jF)illoLlslj
••• of r-,tlr.J influoncf'3
L h 8 Ex e C IJ t i V t3 o V B r til B c [J LlI' rJ ina t (J tJ r ;J n c h e (OJ n f the
f3uv["rnrlJentj
;OJ rJl'r3ad of
s t ano i nn 'Jl'rnieCc); i] Lo a thi nr, o f
oub L'lc IJ~]tJt, tcJX8S,
ami exclst:ltlj
(:1
tenrir::!rr18ss
for t;he
of
liber!;y
of
nne! ar-ounn
to
i181p
of
forge
jt];:]lolJsy,
rNJsident.1I
PU.'C1US-8IjBd
used every
of Dovernnmnt
consideration
b at aab la ) were
rnactlination
IJJ8re offered
often
were
laid
to
kill
froquent.
so
as
to
jealous,!
of
2
a majori ty uppo s I t i.nn to ttle
AmenrJrnents
postpone
tt18
this rJe ati ve concept
pro and con Yazoo
point.
citizen;
tho
LI-1B~ p a t rnnarje
Ranrtolph uas ab le
Yazoo
issue.
pus si.ble to win
the
bills
Motions
disrupt
CDngI'ElSSrn8rl
their
,:md motions
to adjourn
discussion
and
(unde-
delay
consideration.
On December
3D, 1803,
John
Randolph
offered
a resolution
to
18
to the House.
Resolved, that no person or persons claiming, in an act
of Georgia, or any part of the territory lately ceded bV
Georgia to the United States, shall be entitled to receive
compensation
from the Government,
for any real or pretended
loss they may have sustained in consequence of that cession,
if they have, subsequent
to the acts under which they
claim, withdrawn from the treasury of Georgia any moneys
deposited as a consideration.
3
The resolution
subsequently
further
stipulated
purchased
the lands
tion was referred
attempting
to a committee
to block
land purchasers
compensation
who had withdrawn
that third parties
which
are also excluded.
This resolu-
of the whole.
Randolph
for the Yazoo
companies
their money
have
was
and their
from the Georgia
treasury.
Randolph
statement
Randolph
submitted
in February,
pointed
a new resolution
1804.
to replace
his former
In this eight paragraph
out his reasons
and objections
resolution
to the Yazoo
issue
[Jor see
Resolved, That the Le~islature
Jf the State of Georuia
were, at no t Ime , invested with the power of al:i.mlCll5ngt ha
right of soil possessed by the ODed neople of that StRte in
and to the vacant tnrritory of thE ,'i'lm8,' hut in a :!.'i]hLTul
manner, and for the public good:
That, when the Qovernors of any people shall have betrayed the confidence reposed
in tham, and shall
have
exercised
that authority with which they [lave been clothed
for the ~J('m81'al IJJ81fare, to promo t.a l.ha Lr nun ur i va te emJn,
unrlar the twsnst motives,
and to tim public
d(o,i::ri.rm~nt,
it
is the imJllenahle
right
of a ~,18op18s o ciI'cumstcJncnd, to
revoke
the authori ty thus anuaarl , t:J resume
trn:; ri]h t s
thus LIt tempted to tJe t:3211' t c r ecl , emu to atJrO']8 te t' 18 ~:JCt thus
ende8vorinq
to ~8tr8y them:
T h ;:It•. j l:_ I sin ....,.(]v i cle nee
t Cl 1-i",
i ca ~I(1' I '" ~,
\<1 "J i: 't- I'-I'~
c vl- n
..
u
~
. 'f
L8']Hilature
or rJ801"JlB,
rE1S,,~el1 on tile ':;CIJfmttl of
J8nuiH'y,
one t.nou s ann SEwen hunrJrerl nncj ninety-fl\/(cO, 1311titled "an 8Ct for appro~ri8ting
a p8rt of the unlocated
territur'l
of this State,
for Uw r]Clljllllmt ofi~hu lutrJ 'i[;(I[;e"
troops,
and fur other purposes,1I
I.tJ8S passecl ill]
per30n~j
under
the
ififlulJrjf~8 of
fJrD3s arrrl p al p ab La co rruu
tLun ,
CJ
the
_ ".' ~L
.. ,
U'
<:";..;
;J
Yazoo
>__.
I.! _.'
pr;:'Jcl-,iS~lcl
lJ'j the
1
1'0'
":-:l
rJnjiltf~8S
u f U18 l'JicJs~Jt;l;tJlflpterJ
Lo Ill';
clfrJc'eSdicl:!ct,
[',mirJiIICJ
<;'.1 j3rll'.·~cl-1 ~jtl.i 'lrJfJ1"clll'derlT''''c B' ':llmusc
i.n'~;::li.cul21LlIB,
a p8iJ) .iJlcJiJiu1nl,j<
to t118 ~)uLJlir; i r: t[~L1e~j t:
bV
(]1j_E,rl:JL~3r1
"\
...,
c
':1 ... L.t-.I1
cJ:-:cJ I~ui nOI_jS
~
tIl::!
';,j-
....
"
,.
Thut the nnud ]lt~f)i:llE) o f f~eorr_li'],
i.1fI:iI'8sc.;c)d
i:lith Ijf::I'18I'dl
lncihlnation at tlll,J ;elf':;!; of 8trocious ;:Jerfid'j
cJf']rJ UillJcll';Jl1uled
corrGption,
with a promptitude
of decision highly
honorable
to their character,
did, by the act of a suhsequent
Legislature, nasBed on the thirteenth of February, one thousand
seven hu~dred and ninety-six,
under circumstances
of peculiar
solemnity,
and finally sanctioned
by the people, who have
subsequently
inurafted
it on their constitution,
declare
the precsding
act, and the grants made under it, in themselves
null and void; t hat the said act should be expunuad f rum CriB
rF!cords of the Stat8,
and putJliclV
bur nt ; ldhich l'JC.lS accnrdinglv done; provision
at lhe same tDne being made fur
1'rem tor i flq t h 8 P 1'8 tend cHJ flu r c h i.J~:.;t~-tnurEJ VCeJ
i.; 11U lJ I'm i; u r: ':;,
i,J\}
leJhonl
u r' by pel'so ns c 1 ai m i ng IJ n cJr2rthem,
t i1['. iJ 1'8 0:)t nr r H!..' L
CJ
c:
fiJI
~~::Ii
d
pu I'CfFi~~B-rnrJmJy h
iJf:3
r:]C3'.nJ
Gil
1;1ld C',~'m Profil
tim
tr'8~lsury of 'i8or]ia:
That a :HJtJf,ell'.I<;,mc L8~!L31u::,uI'8 ur Elf) inclivj_Llu;]l~;Ldtr~
hei:,
urlrJuubt,:::d
rj_~illtI~IJ t'[J;::w,;l 'In,} ,'ICC lif 'I pl'ec'Jdln] L8IJh;laturFJ,
provider] EJueh reIF'!;JJ. !J'.~ not furilldrJ8l'1
LJI} tlte COfl~:it;:i.1; 1 .I t :i. r.J n 0 f s u c h S t:]t C!, CJ r [) f t; h 8 Un i_ t ,: i\ ~Jt oj t; '3~; :
cJfl
Th''ll;
the
(J
P01'esahl
act
IJ
f the
Sta
i~8
u F G"mr~rl
:01,
p(JsserJ
thirte;mtll of February,
onE! thouscmd
D':)V{J.1l
lIuflLJl'erJ
;elfl!l ninety-six,
ldclS
:'orl:Jiclrhm1V,:.i.thc:r fly the constitution
of that State, nor b~ that of the United SLates:
un
trF.o
T:,at the claim,) of persons eJeri\lEidurlder the rJI"Ol'r3SELi,ci
r;f
tiE, c:eventh of Janu,Jry, un8 trluUSrmtJ
S8VDrl hundred
,mcl ninet'j-five, are rE!CCJI]nineclrmi ther by (]ny curnpact
between the United States
and the State of Georgia, nor by
any act of the FoderAl Government:
Thernfol'e,
dct
Resolved,
That no part of the flvB millions of acres
r8s8rved
for satisfying
and quietinG clallns to the lands
ceded bj the State of Georgia to the United States, 8nd
;JpprCliJriated 1.11) the ('Jctof Congress
pcJSsed at tilfJir last
session,
shall 118 appropria!:;8[1 to qulet or compermaGe
;:my
claims derived under anI) act, or pretended act, of the
State of Georgia, passed, or alleged to be passed, during
the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-five.4
The
resolution
legally
alienate
reason.
Since
legislature
stated
that
the soil which
the people
the G8o~gia
belon9s
of Georgia
in 1795 and constitutional
legislature
to the people
through
can only
for good
the acts of their
convention
in 1798 abolished
20
the actions
of the 1795 corrupt
was voided.
Here
and ~g8neral
welfare"
sovereignty
this
reSCinding
Constitution
were
would
Georgia
agreed
that all
action
with
people
denied
be
defense
drawn
rights~
stated
5
States.
seven
uf them,
Randolph
demanded
who received
Yazoo
comoensation.
that
1n the Georgia
"The
that the commissioners
the first
grant
of state
The resolution
of the United
to the 8ighth.~
logic
of ~in81i8nable
was not forbidden
so shrewdly
have
seeming
paragraph
action
the 1795 land
disguised
interpretation.
or the Constitution
resolutions
with
in the language
is a thinly
and strict
1796
selves
wrapped
legislature,
lands
The House
themand
these
led
in the last
from
the 1795
voted
to consider
the c8so1ution.
jJj.lrch7,
On
180l~,
Yazoo
dlscusserJ
the
cla5..rfl{mf~'j
pursuant
Gallatin,
and Lincoln)
the
and
Georgin
that no proposition
lJ'i
Linder
s
rli;G8rn;Ti.;
of Elfn.
to settle
i'iclncJulph
of compromise
the Yazoo
clailn~nts
,In dJrlrc~rldJ,18rJt
~-;UDiJFoSt8d
or settlement
s a.l d GmiliiJi::I::i.i.UrleI'S,
from any [l8I'?;UnS
Em') act
or pretencJfJd
DC!; (If the:)L;:ltn
of
;)lJw}8d
GO
pils'C;ei
rlUI'llli]
HIO 'jr:~~]r 1795.
tJ
l-.u
cession
CieoI'r]irJdid not
t;he
em
tJDstl'O,)
of the r8solul~ions
land
c[Jsiion ElfjreufIIsnt
fedfJl';JlYazoo Cmnrnls!3ion (r·imJic30n,
be empowered
prov1ded
of LIm uho le
tJill to cOlTlp()m];_JLr~ Lilu
the
Land
former
1m I'ecelvr"d
cl::JlmlflCl .ClfJOl' i'l,
The
trwt
the
(;he cnmmi t t aa
Ln
ilppE~(Jledt.lr"f()r[~
I/lnl'ch 1,1[305.
uihn
Thl
House
resolution
to
T!II:] h i Ll. prop[JserJ
tl18
tilE)
("
Lnt
nnt
ltJclS dl~)GusDerJ.
nf
til8
(Jill
!hndfllpil
f al Le d tf(;
ilttL3ll1pted
tu
cumpac t rnenU.[Jf]orid cmn;JI'omlseic1grcF'lTwnt,
iFI";_:)
Clny
legislation
tu this effect
7
GCJ57.
rdei~
,:j
'JUi~8
bu t
in h:?I'~3t(']tUt8
2J.
boo~s.
Randolph
compromise
s8ems
agreement,
to center
Bitingly,
around getting
engaged
that lithe Committee
and to validate
II
this is one of the cases uht ch ,
about conspiracies.
caused Mr. Elliot in this discussion
and
by
the threats
to hope
of
9
session and Randolph
should be considered.
attempted
to adjourn.
so nefarious
Still, his great power
would not be intimidated
that his resolutions
muving
till I
stuck to the Yazoo subject
The House moved into the regular
after aomanne
the infamous
every energy ofmind ••• in refuting
members.1I
individual
point at this time
cried that the House had only to turn down
To Randolph
to cower his opnonents
a
a vote.
At this point Randolph
did not make claims
wanted
in, I can never desert or relinquish,
shall have exercised
a project.IIB
His central
to pay the claimants
of 1795.
frauds
once being
not Georgia.
Randolph
his resolutions
Yazoo
felt that the federal Commissioners
10
to
preclude
the
This was paosed
moved
57 to 46
vote by unsucc8'3z,ful1V
Then the House adjourned
due to
the
lutuncE;s
of tile hour.
F[]I'
the next five
resolutions.
considering
:-."'"1
f..'~
L>
_.
1-10 -,_, -rn c-ll.'
days tt18 House
On the 8th of March
the resolutions
I·_j()_.~rI.J ,-~'.--'•.
[J T'O [~Cl,·I,U
_-_
r .,J_
the House votad in f~vor of
(58 pro).
-]'1[1
c'
.
'-)
!',n
com ...
lideI'ed tr18 Yaz uo u i.Ll mId
r-'·
~"
11
Typical
r-)'"",l"r~C'I:~c
,'I
l'
of
TI18
, •
uy nr~C';lons.
22
pointed
out that Georgia
had to be made within
if the United
land would
that Georgia
attempted
to settle
did not want the claims
Mr. Lyon and John Randolph
resolutions.
personally
attack
his opponents.
resolution
"political
judiCial
court,
uf
17'35
,'",'.", I:__
,1 [1
r _i. r. n ~.
,'''-,
~
c.J
['J ~.~1 t rl ~.~r
rmys
td h 0
50 j
t 118 i r
_I,
,:'•......
] r.
'1
__
',el!J "'.)1\~f·.I·U 1'1"e
,r.',
y8QS
The amendments
,"
1,.1,-.,]
0',
1
;.,__
•J'!J P
LdF13
5~, nays
lJJ303
CLJLme
(,J
rn
r81~11
f [)r
The Las t vote
ulliJr::tinq
uruuId
cour ts
to
attempted
Favor them.
,Jll
1_ ~Jn r1 •
u"
IJ 1'1!-','
"
t o s [:_~CL.I1'.-) {~_J,
c'j
J_
amendments
to qualify
could be paid.
to[lI~thei.r petitil1ns to tt18
the
L yon
L
•,_.
.•·r
1.'_~
s. t_,l'f,'II'1
The doctrine
Lyon ura
18ml
I_;[J
nJ i cJ "ti
~ 1"[(I
,.I ,J. 1"'; !'
.
lilClJCll'l
CIj
..,'
af'r
trw
1f)
n[ I Cl'j
of
a i d t.i'lclt
cLJ.L mant
f o rbi d tile
s
Un i ~~
[)
d :;t i'J 1;8
1
' n
l.i. 1.)1:; '31lJ
ur
1~.L_,lfir~i
• 1 1 •
S
,Ij f~l' •
f'. :l\.lUr·UI~J
16
51 ..
49;
tie 8nD it rFJpre:J8ntJd
uhi.ch
began
and offered twenty-one
th i s t i.me and iIJr.
ilojd p aid
side
13
so that the Yazoo cLaimants
r18LtJ at
l.uclE-i
altercation
Mr. Lyon called Mr. Randolph's
then the court would
throuLjh it the
to be paid at all.
that if the claimantH
rC~Vi8Ld
all the
this as evidence
It is here that Randolph
resolutions.
resolutions
t.!Jr.
Lyon stated
federal
heresy"
later,
in this had a running
over the Randolph
the previous
that settlement
the matter
He regarded
back to Georgia.
with Mr. Randolph's
stipulat8d
one year of the passage of the act and that
States
revert
in the compact
rFl'jlll(mt
CI
of
E;t3li:m2tu
trw V,]lnO
DVU.!'
claims.
tile
2,3
The resolution
Mondav
~
r Ire
was not brought
in December,
1804.
,qy
~~iJncJolph,l,J8re b •.
JudCj::?~Jc.llfI1j8l Chase
pet I t i ano o f
At this tims the House
pr'qrJi:lI'l"nr.J
co
_.J
up in the House
of the Supreme
and the loader,
Court.
ttl!
The House
S t ~Jnrjj_
ng
t
of F8Clel'cJli:3
for the im,oe8c",'lroRrl't
-_
'Yazoo cl 'Jirnant s to
l~hB
on the First
elll
fieril;
t l, (won
CClflliTl:i.
for investigation.
claims
On JC=Jlluc:!ry
fol1ouJing
29,
1805,
the
Corflflli ttt.Fl
of Claims
reported
Hit!
resolution:
Resulved,
That three commis0ioners
be authorized
to r8ceivo
PI'opoE"jitions or compromise
clnd 38ttleHl2r1t
••• and finally
tCJ
mljllst and settle
the, sa~8 i~l. ~uch .1~1(:JnrJ!:n~, "lEi ,i~l,thn~~' ,
op irtltm uill_ conr:Juc.~'co d18 J.llbn'8c,1:; of tl18 LmlLorJ :::Ji;aG8:::, ••••
CLJl'k
moved
to
8rnenrJ
COlm,\itLI;e
tilt=)
on C1:~Lj_il!S I'8suluticm
tl'18
(1)
by ,Jgreuinq
s1.!JinrjlEJI's
their
claim
of
1795,
to
Lhu
resoluLiorl
and
(2)
the:: cLdrncmt~j
1p fl
1803, P2Jc3cJ8rJ
Tile
House,
in
ment
uf the
'Yazoo clairns.
ending
r.'larch,
any full discussion
rn8~)SUre GO EiCJti:lfy
tile
House
:]c!IIiY_t,;
it
il-
f~VrJn
nut
sure
eil'C!
only ac:J~ for p ar t , nut ~jl1, of
tiley
tJeCcJU:CllJ
UIE!
Cl I11CdSUl'F.':
The Congress
p rov l.d i nq
adjourned
claims
or not at all. n~lain
LitD
for
on March
nn tho bill and the House
to
IdrJ
i~(lr
tirnss
po i n t s :
as
~JD
17
Land ,
~jt.d;t18-
4th
had passed
the
main
of
the
point of
·
t
t'
I'lJj'IC,U
'L'
nEJ,<8!l2
in
1. "
ti!8
CDI'
:33
1)'
£,'
L.I
.if ~~h2
co'j"'rl
11~"1;:"]!'
~u
_
~
hc.J·rJ,'
I.J·"- 1._ij···',u
~
c
1~1'~I'-' i'~rli·ll-l"·".jC~·1
..
--t..
. _I,
11 ~.~rl!j 1.)C)'lll." 20
l'IJP
t Lon arH:i f r auucJ , was nu r..
-'..
j
spl r 1 L
iJ
f ForJerali
Tin t :1:]i ri t i·lid. ch
r,rn!
C)
ilL.
1
The
f au,
Jt;fl"[JrE30n~:JnsrJ8velCl~J8d
while
<JtLackinq
LiH'l
l . .er a the filln'}
principles
strict
very
CUWi
F;:cJel'oli':Jcs
',L1e)''-;
::,lowl,!
'-'''''
Ji[J
rnore
of
He
2/(~mplj.
tile
fled
lrr8vocable
f i. I'
the
to
f'u Lli.e a of
reasoning
r:m t
time,
charoe
;~andolph
of
tim
'Y::tZClD
c Lai man t s ,
'j con f Lrrnt nq '01L
Ln i urs ;
sUi;cJlld,
t.o
p[ll&~r to onmp rumis e lui. t)1 ttlClt description
th81j·miDilt l.hi nl: rH'(J!J(~r. 23
i:;ht~ cFliel
cls
lJU
Lu ni: CI dol
GC1"J1'1·j8
c
em Cl;lirns
intended
s ai d they had not cuns i nar etl,
of neo-federalism
~r. Elliot
for ,] setl:lmmmL,
To ['11'. ihmclo1ph's
18plied:
Are we guilt'! of political apostacy?
No such thing.
We
are about to make arrangements
for carrying into effect
a solemn stipulation
in the tr88t~ with Georgia, and a
solemn act of our predecessor •••• 24
In late January
U:..
read a 18Ltel' of Albert GallaLin,
silowed t.hai;the Committe8
I'Jhici1 nr.
:lurninicli;['clLinn."
t.llsirJl'11121'
tiF~ Il'CJ:lmmnt:3
Cone]1'8,> s frum
t,\leir
•••
uf
Elliot
1'1' 8V
PutUl'£~
13clve it in
of cl"lim;mtE.,
Elliot
and
cDn~rgct.
~J I; ,
S[Jlfi[]
c r imaa
and early
February
of 1805 John Randolph
25
and Mathew
soldier,
Lyon had another
business
fierce debate.
man, and politician.
hero in 1798 when the Federalists
Sedition
Act.
Mathew Lvon had been a
he was made a Republican
convicted him of violating
80th men had a flair for personal polemics.
both Randolph
and Lyon had bona fide credentials
sonian Republicans,
that the Yazoo issue causau
Randolph
"Since
as charter
their clash in a sense exemplifies
the
Jeffer-
the split
in the ReputJlican r-anks;" 25
began the debate on January 31, 1805.
To the Virginian,
This government •••has acquired the confidence of the public
by th~ disinterestedness
of its measures.
The repeal of
the internal taxes 1s not the less conspicuous among them.
How long III 1 11 VOU re tal n tiFi t con fidenc8
Lf 'lOll hJV inh on
a IElmJ of speculators a landed C,Wi~;11 11hose cH11lUa1 in [;81'Bst is mora than 9qui\JiJlunl:
to tile u\1018
roceml~_nq8 o F
26
tim
t;:lX8S.
This
inrJ8c?d,
COI'l'u\Jtion
invetui';:1i;I:!
s c ~-)n cJ d 15
8Ileminc;,
1.i
<J ;:1 r
:1nL!
df3Ctmt?
; \"l-p
I.~
....
i"""eo't'
_._'__
J
__
J
•
11
Th
OJ l' •
c\D
pr!('C"lCHFll
<'3 ::;i C]tit
1d11dcr \,mdolrJh
';hall
,_md
\'\:8 ~]~l8 of lfluflstr[Jus cD"llitionnj
IHs l;h',; qU;-Jly_tv
11f Cr:~1118nt.!n'J thd
:L~)t
this
i
polj_tlC;;J}_
r
u f
t; II
cri:;rJ,
:JUI,<J21'
bn
1<I"L1
c;
c;)I,
us
U C!_ It
11).:'3
m;ld"
27
polj,\;lc'll.
i IJ C
L',~i ','
I .. ,-.
the
IIIU,:,L
!J
l'i
:m'
f f i. C ,} r
n~1tC)
w'
......"::11
i1H
[If
\1
T'
-
I
1 '" 1j '.11 l '1
i_ t
i,~1} C
n
pri'rjtf~
20
C<J11ing
his
C3'38
one for the \luiJlic
[JuDd
~]rl;J
dis,-'uCJ,nLli, rHJ
the
2G
lf official
l'iv.JGU
intt?"8)r~,
influenct3
if tile
uut •••
C:JF
I.'lith
the)
',JiLl
I
ol d men,
or
bF~:_;ldet~n cmy minority,
.J. f , ::J n d ',U C I1 E.\
'J
TTl fJ F,
r
Februa1'lj
On
t.h at t.an
2m,!
to sLil]rn2tLze
C':!C]E;i,':
1,
far
[fI d
J'0
"
I 1
it.
iF~ jlickr3rJ
up •••
:';iklll
fjf~\f':I'
I
TlSV81'
11E)~)it"lt[)
12fJS in thClL 1~lh.1cll I now find
+y
~,c.'
l' ~ or,1',',1.o"1o,.(1
t o lJe'l.~· ?9'
u
CI
L
",::;J
H8j~rww
1.805,
tn ',HCOlfie the II'JrldincJicJFm
CnriG8ff1 is
GCJ ,) l'cNl'JdU
is
old
w
~
Lyon 1'8pUerJ
..
to John
1~2HIUf)lph
In the course of this discussion,
us who wish for a compromise of ted_s !Jerplexin~l
business
- this
i1usineC3s IJlhich
SE'"ems to be kindling
the greatest,
t:i3CUI cl in
the rLi ti8f1'have hEmn char qad wi th an intentiDn
of comrni t ting a robbery
which is far to exceed
all
the petty
larcenies
of the
former
{~dministration,
and such of us as have aided
to
depose
the former
and support
trw oresent
i'ldminl stra t i.un ,
an~ threatened
wi th L18ing for the future
considered
as
Federalists,
let our professions
be what they may.
For my
part,
I can assure
the member who threatens
us, that
it
never
in my life
gave me pain to be called
a Federalist,
in the true
sense
of that
word - in.Lhe
sense
in which
the word uraa used by the great
man LJeff8rso~
who said,
"We are all Federalists,
we are all ~epublicans
••••
30
Randolph
bribed
was
Lyon
bribed
had
with
or
betraying
insinuated
mail
that
of
opposition
of
a young
man uhnae
to
s i n: encores
em esp[~cic!lly
Jef~8rsonian
The
YE1ZOtJ
Lilis
to
the
COTn!Jc:ny
c]. a1.Tili n~! that
nf
or
pride
all
his
tl18V
the
Granger
fulminations
had
in
been
the
provoked
this
one
denied
fviississippi
CompClny
we 1'8 i nnOCElnt bUyHl'S
that
as
"the
31
irnarj l na t Lnn
disorciered
32
he
rTII; (['\fOIl'S]
Ldlilu
r8f'll:31ng
L'Jon
il1ustr,ltecJ
'Jji]S
t,hc.lt
1;110
tensions.
IJICJ;
name im(11i..,s,
1~81u England.
had
a madman."
by
debate
severe
in
of
poli t i cul. dogmas."
ns the
General
was tarnished
was und8rgoin~
1795.
resided
of
debater,
fJmJ England
frauds
honor
Postmaster
The Kentuckian
"teas fabricatmJ
<:1(]i18
party
the
contracts.
a jackall
Randolph'S
that
lhey
nut
c r e a t eri clftf:l'
tlw
~J8nt;
,,':,uckl1fJl
nUIIJ,;l'!JU;~
i n'/o 1 VE'Jdi
l;ilU
[J!'~; ill
iuLiL.iuns
n t.ilU Dr i ']i lml
27
33
Cj'jG
th'JrI
ITIUr'[,
Fndt:!,':jli':;t~j
Ld81.'8
t:;'j;'3
v irnuo
,
nn t b ()
and
nCJIJJ
t n at; tlleljlJJrlI'8
car!'i ,]d nn c!s t h 8 Y
Randolph
Granger
charged
ml
in
nut
pU1,.<='31'
p 18d ed
Duu to
21 InrJDd
fmJnd
to
tll':'JG
t h 8 ms 81 v est
to the HOUS8 and asked
op8r~tions.
He wrote
8
against
and altogether
mv public
untrue,
and founded
11esitated to take action
supnorted
action
they were offended
or private
to Nathaniel
on the Granger
and attacked
letter.
Randolph.
bV the strong
only.1t
language
Macon,
toh i.ch
has
absolutely
35
The House
Some members
Some members
:;
that
full investi-
character".is
in error
4
H
[In FE~iJruary 1,
~)peak8r of the Hcuaa , that Itevery charge or ihsinuation
been made
Til8
could
co ntlu e t; it.
r)
for
["':IE':
!!UIJf'H'mfiCnL
in his ~anu8rlj 29th and 31st speeches
wrote
of his cabinet
tdid,:]
i;rlf3
CrJfllprUI111s:;.
imprnp'3rly l'obbved for the Yazoo c Lai rnarrt
s,
1305, Mr. Granger
gation
I
in
Lnv o Lv erl ,
stated
the Postmaster
th8t
General
2B
used
in denouncing
been
insulted
B
t nnuqh
movsd
EJI'r] I I
precedent
the
abnut
thur,
r:mts
Til:Jt,
,JO
j"l?J\Jin!J
ojP pro ~;ci
rouch
~J
the
~i\[j
7~:il'd;.IV
pc'OPDS;::l
i
or
- to study
an accusation
still
t il
,~
-r
];:mu;:Jr'J,
t.o
o
F
rei
1795.37
vote
'fuZOD
for
,;l"Ji_nIZJlll~s
!:'(";IfII.Jln
eJf't;'Jl'
;-.:iI:~J I~jcli~:;r'. ilh~':J
1':f 'j i, n !] ,]11 rl '; IJ 1 c i, j_rl! I
~Gli
eli;
1Jir. HuggBr
If
I!I
;_:i,'.,)
I
CJi
01,
!J;I-;,:;,,:j~':Jn
t nc Fre!;iuf!II:,
to
Up;-Jclint,
nn
tllCJi~ l.iie Unit;:-~Li
Jt'JLF;~J
C;JrJ off Ell',
~\lrl-lil'B,
'Jut; the ruai uuc uf fivrl
UULil0I':i.Zt~
diJlJb\~, thE! Lill'8;:,l b,c~:;t.
t.o clj_~)tribut8,
not an
'11'
TIll_JJJ!'J'::;
0' f
ac re. , 38
II
l;h~JCjt2JLe
"iFlll
debate
and the
strong
l.o :J3Y
m~'I'C:3'J ;'.1;,
:'Jf3::~t
'I U 1'!.1 0 E3r''.
1m ,]ct
uf
made in
ar qurnerrt ,
by this
;J::licl,"
Men had
rnemhar s ldBl'e
the next Monday
set
Z]CI'::;fj
claj~rn~-;
F rntn
onl'}
until
1l1.i.lliiJne3
tillJ
tile heat of
in
is 8viclrmc,d
jSLl8
C
fi'18
Randolph).
(Mr.
and the current
5,:iOO,OUO
t tJ cI f [J r
Cl:l~lllCI
i.ll8
this
HOUS8
the
consideration
:~j~Jti_c~:;fiE3rJ
[;IltJ
of
before,
Hnus a «ias
to postpone
ldClSbnuchv
member
in tile House
asked to set
even
8
fllerl
29
the
Lorn;c isc)lf:mr~rs
tJV a vote
clairncmts
llJi-lich
to
the
showed
of
53
to
clctecl
upon
and
of
tr i al.
the
at
He led
uf
l;h8
This
the
House.
point;
in
HOuc)8 record
House
and
iilri
par tV.
Joh n DclV 2 np I] l' t
Cuurt
til~
t.u
"j;-]Ij
C;I[lC;!;U'
fUT'
the
imp8c-)CrHlIEn1 t
CrEJS8.
IDLJS
t1 nLJ on [;he FeLll'U81'Y,
Clln C 1u de
II J
[]:
•
most
had Lwcorrm the
r:]v
dulli.1 te
~andn 1. p!1 I s pn pu 1 dI'i
1'1-1"1'
1 'j
i '_::'
.......
I
...
~
i:::;
i;. \j
!.,~.j
~J I' I cJ"-'
J._ ._
t...
,_,
!, 1",
tile
'2
C>
•
II
•
II t
"'.l.[~n',:r OJ 1,
,
rJ,cJnI'ue's
nar rmo vote
t.he
Samuel
J_wticD
1_"'[J
r~i d 8 rJ n G l' clli ~J;~ r
of
:~8i JuL11L:Em-i nspir[)cl
.::JUiJl""Hm
v azuo
claims; but it l1Jas
Gt18 r8lnclinrJor
his
tilE]
"Un ,:1 subsfJquent
the
cornpromisino
of
(][loth81'
1,188
during
F8rlr~r,Jlj_st
nep'llJli.cEJn
C::[HlfJl'~," S SI11an
this
39
of
for
bV [;he House
i~cmdolph
:=mimateej.
5,3.
dLvi s i nn
cl.ose
day, a bill was introduced
nut
Sf3Gt l ernent
c:~rrClnlJ€-! ,] compromise
H1_c:cciIHI
,"Lliilinintr~rtiun
trJ
i
:~;i'~~
Pn'!<'if'jEmcy.3uorl
t ae Lf
11'3
J":i~.i
tT'ylnq
l ~
n U
HisLori.ClII
CliILHJ:;
UDI,j:!':'~
1,_I;lU
~J . []
~tl.i]_linC] to
J8fFsrson1an
".\Ii::lp cL
tIl i;3
I:J
L'!.I ,::;:C'
Cf]iT:;iir;Jci."!S,
com~romis8.
Df
i{ unrro
Li i U
'Jiol::;nt1v
ruuctUr]
to
1 ph
iii';
I
'j'jlililfJl
of
C! "'-,J t," q• r
,rJ"
Jnhn R~ndolph
_T"_r J__
-
-
J, HEJl'ch 31 J lDC~1
811
'/:!I[ID
was not a member of the Houss.
House received
On March 31, 1806, the
a bill from the Senate:
That,
if, on or before ~h8 first day of January next,
such sufficient rele8ses 8S aforesaid shall be lodged in
the said office of the Secretary of State, as shall release
to the United States and shall discharge all claims to said
lands, which have been exhibited to the Secretary of State
and recorded as aforesaid, or which be exhibited Bnd
recorded agreeably to the provisions of this act; Congress
will make provision by law for the indemnification of such
claimants.l
Through
to 54. 2
a prolonged
A study of this last important recorded vote before the
settlement
of 1814 will graphically
r al.ati onstu.pe
ut'Hn
debate the House defeated the measure 62
the
of Maryland
in the Jeffersonian
Yazoo
moved
illustrate
the changing party
era,
bill was in traduced
into tile House,
that the bill b~ rejectod.
iiog':::
r rJulson
A fellow prOSBGutur
of
":'
~)
;JlfUI'
:'1 ;HI d [) 1fl h •
d
f'J 0
'
t
r'J rJ~ ;n'(,)C1, I~II;_!,
1;'18
t
' If'
IJrul,JI~-1
(J'
[J
m~
CIJ nt 8 ,:; L;~cl
hi
~,_ 1 t"J.:J
') r' 'L"'1'-,'-' 'I- 0 I' _,I
c'
rllu bt,
,.
pernJ_I;,VJl._l:;
~;i,,] t, [~HII~ r I t n
.c--;
']
C
F'QLI,llJlIS.
I,'
f
or
I'u L.
I","
III i t t1
an y 11;];jr t •
,j.,) 0 f
I I' "C ) '"
'j':_'," 'i'C
~',!lIJI!lrI."
~-,"
--J _'1r,:; r,,~I,J:.')r,'J
I \;
I fJ 1'1 !I"1,",'-,,'1',1-
J?
rJivision:
pLIes,)
nile; iTjll !fl(JV
I'I:;
c;llll3Ll the OTn8,]
21, thr~ List
hlttel' of ttlf')
fJDlit:lcal
81phC'lfJElGj
ilLiG,
Iditrl
ff1'3, it is tile rUphel;
it i~3
the he arl of tile divisions
"'JTnongthe r epub l Lc an party;
i 1~ is
SBcret
the
Tha
caused
and subvert
lobbying
of the whole.
cause
for a settleTnent
Randolph
4
and the push within
his own party
to exclaim:
These men have agents here, within your government,
who
hold great offic8s under it.
The whole weight of the
Executive
Government
passes on it. The whole Executive
Government
has had a bias to the 'lazoo interest 8\181' since
I had a seat here.
This is the original sin, uhich hus
created all mischiefs •••• 5
Randolph
cited the Yazoo
the speculators
issue as the supreme
Bvil,
but as for
-
quar t ar from which bJ8 have most tl1 d1'881:1 l s c;p8culators
land jobbers, and if you can ~r8sBrve
tho interests
of the
cnmmurut v inviolable
,J~lfjinst'
Gh8fl1, 'JUUI" lnfei'iol"
li'1G8I'E~Hts
Thu
8I'B
But
place
rLJ
safe.
l'l\!8nthis vitupE'JI'ativB
after
..
the bitter
Table
The final
nut hur st; se,::m18cl flclCkrlE!ymJ
I - Houss Vote March 31, lBOG
the I\nn,]ls of
------ -- --------
in
CUnCjl'cJSS
\(F..ns:
7
I FiS C1C ,!'Ir!riu rEJO n
Driv i d ,lard
!]uI'I.!Jf311 f1,:j3'~8tt
C18f) ,e'']tel ;J f::rJ:i n fJ 8 r
Ui]_Ji~JTlI
~JLlcklr3cllJ13
J D h n 8 1.;:1k e , j U n •
r: iJ I,: oj <:. :J 1. (J u nt
f~ubi~!'t Ormm
!Hlliarn
:)ul:.lr!I'
, L H \j i C ~-jc;~8 V
.Inhr: C1Hlhnrne
Cill'i::; tuplmr Clork
,', 'J.....r)
'..1
j' 'l -II
f
.J.,(") .:-;':
'_
jI
...
C. oJ
..1 ••
n it i_~h81_JJ G1av
J Cl 'i 1'1 r, 1('1 pi; CJ n
[Jut of
fights of 1804 dnd 1805.
vote rocord8d
:18 p r [) s,? n I; ,It i \.f 8
dmi
l)""
a s tr t
on
thu filutir;rt
e
c tt )
P ;JI'l;~
D
r)r:HHl.
Frcm:<s t[J1·m
\J (J •
I; 'J •
i,:Jlll i 31:1'3IJu1'fJ
D
l l • r; •
il , V ~
D
~.C!<
~jprillCJHill
i~(JntIJClm,J,r'J
T 'l1' riO r 0
l!lfJ cll10 r ,,'.11. lIB
:3ulullc
V (1.
DrunstJJick
V 8•
Pa.
flhiladolphi8
V rJ.
l-hl1i fax
\hl.
Tunstall
ll
'j"
II'
'"
I......
r z] •
J
s .c ,
(rJfYuJ London)
D
D
D
D
D
D
10
..., .....
':',)
~Jtat8
F
i c!< r=
1_';; r.j f!. i.,'
f~.1rl
T' 'r~ld
hri D ~Hd~~;Ur!
E J. 1. :_J
]'J hi!
l,~~
i!J.
E fJpes
J ~_
\u 'I'-:.~~:'} 1.'1. r~r] r ('I fj t t
[I '::) :>~;I' ?j !j r; II[J u rJ [,J i n
[cJLjln
GT'~j'j
! Id r eJIJJ r; r DI] fJ
311;1;31-\81::::;1.:)"1
]nhn fi :'3mi Ltrm
De]V i rJ flo Imss
[;]E'
~
Li;lll~r; r
Junes
Tl IUTfl"i~:i 11HIF:HI
in c h eJ81 L 8 i b
F-i
D1si;l'id;
F
D
a,
;j;:]
•
I~.C ~
\J ;J.
\J :::1.
C,mt:::!l'vil18
Ch ~Jr{:!'~3 C 1. t Y
Lor;~t tc
D
\h.
'J ~J.
P 8.
fJ • Y •
PD.
\J;oj •
IJ
P e rirl\} ~J.l]_;::! V
(Locli )
( UJ ::1fj 1-) i r1 9 t Cj n
::Ji nchu ';)L i~l'
r__-;
'J.
['J.
C•
}~~m:m~3Vill~
P!l I 1 :J ci e 1 IJ il i ,1
D
D
~)
Duncan McFarland
i,:. c .
~~obel' t li1 ;:11' ion
J[];,i ;lh [!,astnrs
S.C.
[.J. Y •
(Lc1U1'81 Hi 11)
Chell' le 3 to n
~ich~:Jc:il ticok8
~lcholas
Hd.
iluxtDn
ThomcH') i/;[)ore
s.c.
PriCf3S
.John
\J CJ
•
"',1
!J
\'
R. Moore
;iiDl'l'OW
Gurdun
nOfj8I'
Humfonl
I'Jelson
j!I(J •
iJt2wton
V 'J.
TilrmEl']
Gidr,mn Olin
JLlhn r'ugh
Jolin
f~ clr!rju
t'l.
HIOlrliJS
~
'r' •
vt.
lph
P CJ
Va.
Randolpt-,
V'I.
J (J 1-1 f'j n ~~~
[J
t.
Fa.
Pa.
.] elC [J lJ
(1:1ell cJrds
Thelin",,;
:J 8LlfriUrlS
r'·). V •
Til[JlilcEi
~;(mfu!'d
l~:12 flr;~;
r:; F3:JV8 r
:-;103n
Tl:mn.
f:1ac3S.
fJ • ,] •
I:
J2J!;I'::']
Juhn
SIrlillu
r;rnl th
'_)c!f'lljf3J. 'Jmith
Jr_Jlll-1
flC)fIl'Y
'Ji_]l]
LilaI'd
T 'II 0111 '_le] 'J p u l,-J i ni]
:< i_ r;!: I'j!
t :111 fu rei
r~
:1
i 1 i fl
,'_-
Tl-lfJlllr-JSOn
f
_. "'f'
T r i f~Jg
..-1(11·1\'"1 .itF_~ilill
i10:_ji:L'
llJid tr--lhi 11
f):_Jvid
jill:i:Jrr!s
,!\ rJ_L' ~.Jnl
I"~
1.l
I;J i Ison
:\ }_;__:/JfIU:3I'
:Ur_;fFll'll
-: ,1 '3 :~
JU'.J
c;ph
S"_lTi
I 1JJ
Jinn
i r I::_i t CJ n
U:I
ckur
J1C!tLnr-J
CJ " )
V,l.
F' ~l.
[,J. J •
G Cl.
IJ. C •
Va.
Va.
Fa •
P ::1.
;3. C.
\/a.
~i• C.
fJ • C •
0
'_)
S t'Jl'8
f'J8W 'lark City
Freri2I'i ck
f.Jorfulk
DoylesGlJwn
[J
D
U
Clmrlnt b~
D
Chambol':,uurg
Chestel'
J [J rJrl s t mun
IJ
;~oxburv
r'
,)
F 8\jC]t; I~~~
(Fl'f:!derick
Co.)
Erh~
i]c]sk1. n~Jri dge
[)
1!<:II_u fi uld~)
o
D
D
D
I)
D
ChriB
ti ,cmsbul'1J
Cmnp Hill
Society
Hill
Winnshol'e
(StokfJS
Co.)
"J . C.
Greenville
HElSS.
fJli dell nboro
r\J. H •
F
r)
D
D
o
o
ii[\
( r; I] r)1; i n u
mJ )
~Jtace
OlstricL
Qarn~b~3
r~iss •
John
f'1d.
Hass~
Vt ..
Stockbridge
Port TobacCO
r~onmouth cr:jr~.)
Bidwell
Juhn Campbell
Chuncller
1-181LJ_n Chi t tenden
r-
r
D
hli Lll s tnn
r~ass.
Wiscass8
SaleT!l
r~ichrH'd Cutts
~~ass~
r"ic~sB.,
PepperelboI'o
o
S~mlu81 Dana
Conn.
Ezra [jarbv
I\J.:3.
D
John D ;C\\lenport
Wil1i;:nn
Dickson
Conn.
Tenn •
f-1idd18s8x
~Jco tell Pl8ins
S t am f'n I'd
Brat
F
[J rch;]l'rJ enDl<:
J~lCUiJ r::I'C1(ilni nsl: i elcl
Elliot
Ellis
.]mn81::j
C:'lleb
EfJ8nf:3Zf3r
Elmer
\Jt. •
I'·j. H •
Vt.
John Fowler
Ls a i ah Green
HCl~3CJ •
th Hrntings
ijJU 1 iam Helms
David
John
Hough
G. Jacl<nDn
I\i;]than
Williams
F
F
t.1H\10X'D
D
F
Eiprillqfield
D
D
Ynunus tuun
OurI'e
(L ':><1n~Jtun)
Barris t ab le
r-
I'hss.
J•
fl.
\.1 a •
Vi'!
r
D
Hackat tstmJll
(Lr_~b;JnrJn)
CIClrkrlbuI"D
Phi 1 (lLi~J Iplli
James f~ell y
Joseph Lewis
tlJathew Lvon
William McCreery
Jeremi ah i·1orrow
.Innathan r<1osely
Jeremiah fJelson
Timothy Pitkin
Josiah Quincy
John Russel
Peter 5ail1y
Martin Schuneman
John Cotton Smith
Joseph Stanton
IJJilliarnStedman
Leldls SturlJ8s
Samuel Taggart
Benjamin Tallmadge
Samuel Tenney
David
Thomas
ThDmas Thompson
Uri Tracy
Killian Van Rensselaer
JOs('lph Varnum
Peleg ilJadSLtlOrth
Eliphalet
Wickes
Marmaduke
Williams
D
n.J.
t'tass.
Fla.
lJllliafT1
E1V
:.,j) 111 am Fi ndlBIj
.]tJHle:3 Fisk
'if:.l
G W(~~.)
D
i:l
F
Up f!I'villu
EclrJyvillB
0
V,') •
1''ieJ.
f~f;!
[)
i ~lt;>, I'D tuun
LJhio
r;llif1 tljOHIery
Conn.
r-
r-lass.
~:cEJt Haduarn
( r·JE::I_dlJu r Ijp [Jl' L )
Conn.
Furmingtofl
F
r'~18FJS•
Dustun
\\j.
r,.] ~
Y•
Y
II
fJ. V •
C>JOp81'~;
,-
I""
I-
...r
tLll:Jrl
(F 1 CJ t E;hul'lj)
D
CGI'2om
D
Co.)
F
COlln.
(<::'\.
" '. J
;~~
.I "
C11:JrJc::~)
i'''18f)~~.:II:
iJu rr;flt)
tel'
F
Corm.
F ,:li l' Pi I'] ld
CU18I':lin
F
[1Iiss.
Conn.
Lltchfield
F
r-_;aleln
D
i',i. V •
U><fnrcl
D
I'J • Y •
i';la~;s•
:-Ubany
D
Dracut
'··IT'rln)
ll~
..,"",_ t
[)
tUuJrl
r-
r
f!. H.
!,'). V
II
rJ • j I •
(PcJrLhmd,
Hu.)
(LDng L,laml)
f'J G.
f"J. Y •
It
o
D
~,
, i~:~
i_ i 1-1 ; : fi :~
I'
U
',f,
pijn~;rl!;:;
V]
:,I.1'E:
sr.! rd'
ej2
r... "S
,I "J
d
.'
j'i
eel r:CJI!I'JD::)ite
Co 5/+
2 FClcl~,rDLi_r:; :;')
,j'1""" J.._
-I'}
..,~. -
I,:
_t'"
) .. J
.--
'2('1
•• .1
lli:J
(If
. .
f-'3r__!':]r,]]_i~~ts
:,1
\}rjl,8
.I~"<
-
-I '''0-'',.r. ui-,,',:?
,._,
U - '::.:.i,
- - u -
n-:/,
I.'~~
of
l'f:ljI3t:tlng
'=JUp'[)I'God
',I"j:'
',I,>",-J"
. ..
1-,'1,1;',1 '(", ·;"·,'ll,:-~
....
•
w
811d r~[~rlu:.lllc2n'c'.
V'JZOIJ s8UlrJffl8n["
them.
l·.'-I,:"-:"'J;~,:;,
- .
I;nu
L!II
and
1:7 ilr:~pUfJlic;HI,j
1
st a [;85 (['JeIJJ Harnpshir e , HausClchusett s , Connecticut,
E:nqlcmd
-
Ls Lann) vo tf~d 1 to 29 to pass the bill.
Rhnde
The Souti'lern states
(Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland) voted
36 to 5 to reject the bill.
By a record of 3 to 7 the Frontier
states (Vermont, Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio) did not support rejection
of the bill.
In the Middle states (New York, Pennsylvania, New
Jersey, Delaware)
the contest was not
a3
one sided with a vote of 22
Lo 13 favoring rejection of the bill.
1,' )
_
.If
i;i::;
J
'/
'
~!
'
:J
r t 'J
n
i f;~r 1
j. fJ
un r!(ltloni]l
C ~.'il1:lr'-Hil·,,'j:;
/'ii,
pu l Lt i c:s ,
c"
j
~
__ ..
.~
_
~'_I'.:··":;":,C:"'II,J-,.',:J';'_,:'~i,,,',,,",,=)'
'.;_
f
'JU
\.~1: :.:':
_I_'I-:~
'.,J:_~
",'r,,' '.. ,i,._~ 'J ('I
, :
1)
f:J
_ r.:~_J·. J It...'
''If-''l''l'-'C'''-'l'I'-~I-l
. 01._
l]"'le)
11
,-,':
~
1-"'1
J,
,I
J"" .•:
.._,I!
\-,
:.:;
1:1:~r_:'; .....1 \J :._:~~ :')\ I,; l'J
l-!.
r_~ l___l i j 'j ,
J
,,'.C
'1'1-1' '.' -I
f
1.'/2
'~JU
r
i 11
iIU!.,
:,,1
''_,....1,,)
oJ 1
. ::,' ....
'_)
:e1
_
:'Iffil,_i_::.j;~
__
__
"I
(,
,
:-:;]
J"•..:_i.tr1J
,
I",-,I,i,.'.;i:
:,,','1-1','/
',",1:11.'1,',,/
__;;,
',ll--lrJ
'-1"1"'1/
".
ill.
'J'le"'I'
,:~
"',
l_:ll: ....J.:C
n ~'1. i; 'j
I~. II
.,
;-: ;i.
:ji
j
Cr::l;!JI;
til:':; irl Ll.
[j1j:;!'LillC:j
'hllDO
IjJ'C;J'···~
tJ:'ivi:i8cl
1
c l alrns , _.
GO halJr~ the
Juseph
to office
ilis
op0osition
nIl
r:;i[Jht of
o f r~;:H'vLmd
if
I
t;o
the
Ireland
relationship
Maryland,
~JP8culdtors
!-, h :'" c; CJ 1111
i rrnn j S 8.
\Jirl]inians
rejection
WcJS
2
(ril8n
cert;:linly
T ilr:~):
('8
CJ
f thE3
and he uas
clE'~ar8dLlP~
for
It
s'ltl1jl;:lt;hetlc
to
the
rsj8ctlon.
'.:.F.lf3
. who probably r8nr8sent8~,
loJ:tS
in
rejection.
C;lrnpLmll
HcCl'[:;ol'Y
and
uas ouns i s t en t
in voting against
voted
John
rn'uu::Joly
in Viroinia
Lewis
maasur-e ,
lik •.J. them).
UflJ
d:.JlerFll;ion,
stronghold
1803 to 1817. 3
t.he mm-affiliatetj
bJho
Virginia
ldestern land titles
a Federalist
from
OrJPosr~rJ
:J
of
and minority
from POI't Tobacco,
;Jicl
qU8f3cion
Lewis represented
elected
1"ernl:Je.rC" o f the
\Jj"IJinia,
C;ll'ul:i.neJ,
GUrv8IjOI' in the ulas t
.];n;I/:C:iun hod tJf~8n a land
c!fl/ious
:ifT1IJng i"'.irlJ.'Lh
iJ
uJestFJrn
:l LJ!dljt:ll'
in part,
F:ll'1l18 L' :IIJl'n
claimD.
p r a Sf~ n t n t i v rm from Varrn: .n l;, ,rlU i', ~)ll
t ur.l: 'J
.37
r:
T 'J r J 1 ,~ I I - ':; t l:J t :;~fJ Cl r LV',]
i~~J t
,"',
)
0
t c~ Di :::3 i; rib uti u n
U
;~j
'j '; ,;
FU [J13 r ~!li!OJ t
y
r,j
flU
Cunr:"~r; t J, Ci_! t
7
0
If
rJ
[·Ju1,
V
;1, epu!l
1i c ~ln
;j
f f i.E 'Jt:~;J
t'J
0
7
0
0
tl
0
["
.J
n
[)
0
0
0
n
,J
G8uT'ljiu
[l
1
D
D
0
n
1
[I
"-:
0
0
n
.L
,
2
1
1dnd
~~
0
1
2
0
0
1
0
6
1
It
0
::5
[]
[J
[J
[]
0
5
0
0
1
3
1
0
1
0
Dsl;:jl'I;:II'8
fJ
r~'l:~~ t u c 1< y
("1
n
c.
f
:'1 J.' 'j
2
[:1;) J S '.le:
h U?3 8
1
15
[J8iJJ
')
.] :] J.' ~,; r~~,
-,
2
i',.1,~~:r_]J
<,
H ;jmpniJire
n.J
f'.J8uJ
t!;
U
.J
York
n
u
.-
1
2
:J
c·
2
1
0
[J
CJ
1
0
0
1
r-t
j
8
1
u
r
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
4
0
.J
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
12
1
u
'1
0
' ..J
;·jurth
[;:jI'ulind
r
2
0
0
1
n
u
Ohiu
0
h~nl'fc)vbrmia
15
"c.
.,
.)
~j
«hudD Ls l and
0
1
';outil
,..,
Cru'Dlina
I
0
T8nn8ssr:~e
1
0
\/8rn:unt
...,
1
.J
I]lrgini
.,
cl
20
2
62
S!.
House Vo t e - Harch
.,.. .v-8S -
f/2
,.",
lEmF~ 7
31,
.No ,. '_." :I';r
••.. :~,,'"l;. ,
5l.
I.
I)
W [ Ii
C/'1r~A[)A
B 1\ I TIS
POSSESSIONS
H
,,
I
'-
'::
"
<J
'I"
Fort Mich~Lf_!l.8CY.\.~Od/)~)
II.~
)
/
INDIANA"
I,'I(
I'
j
)
.
j
'. .
)
/"·(1803.5)
,<,'
,IN 'f ! C
->;
o
o
CO
~j
U)
:r:
..I' Ii J'-I
0','
~Jew Englcmd -j'Jjidllle
Suubhar-n
u
e
::;
0
UJ
Q::
lJ..
'-
f
6--
-'
(
f
./
[ADDED
MISSISSIPPI
-
Frontie!'
TO
TEHRITORY
/
~
1804-12).
~,
.J
-.'
·:::i
•
/
8
( 1 79
~r
__
o
o
o
/
()
.•-v
"
"9
~.
.
~,
-,
i',
e
\ \
"
\'
••
1,,1
......
~.._ •.
i'.)
,...... ~
f '
L X. I\..
f)
l
\
~
.',
'.~
>:':
", i
""/
. ,','
,
~'
I
II
tturt
een
s tate s
new s tc te s au mlt ted
military reserves:
SOIIIt, Carulinn Mili!illY Re setve 1778
North Carulina Mililnry Reserve 17BO
Mnryl:)rHl
Reserve 1781
Virp,iflia Mililiuy
lnH
New York Milil;HY Tract 1'IP.2
North Cnrulina Mililnry Reserve 1783
Vir~inin Mililruy lte~(Irve 173,1
Pennsylvarli:l Don;l1ioll ond
[)epre~ iatiol1 Lnnds 1733
9 Gcoril,in Milit[lfY H(!servlJ 1784
10 U.S. Military District 1796
(!;I U.S. capital
J\.1
i
original
r..lBntlsh
~~.J00
0
stato
posts
01'
territorial
cnpital
II~ld until I/SJ6
\,1]_
!
~
1783-1803
- ..-.-.~
A N I S
.... ,_. New Orjean~
.
1795)
, l~.S. DeposIt StatIon
"
,1."
U 01-' ~-T:-·l)~S~A~
L-: S---
1804)
...
-.-.·
..-----._.-;~
•••• t.... .....
...;_.------')
MISS\iSSIPPI
TERHITORY
,boWas!lington
~ Natchoz
l_ ..
..~.
.
t-----·--______;-
2~
lh.~~~~----~
39
S
VOi;E,
I:,u
:3
V:]200
vonia,
fj
of PUSS']08
1'8\101:'
COITJprom5.m;
the vute
from
1D in
hi 11.
the ~JouthnI'n S G<J tns ,
f
Jersey
FincJlf:\j
Tuo
that
which
the
Gtl()IHj1_'31'
tati
vr~s f rnrn P Ullflcj\jl-
division.
William
on section.
l1.sa re:W8sentrJGl.ve
rnajorit'j v l.eus but
party.
in his
The majority
from tilD
1.');]5
the
SS8minDly
r8pl'l~::;BntrJtiv8
from
half of the state,
of the state and his (non-
his views lJ.lhichcould not nave been
solidly
based
against
this bill and the mavericks
geographical
9
in the eastern
d818CJation opposed
for the compromise.
II
and thre8 f8preserltatlv8s
a non-affiliated
is located
cornpr-omi.ae,
The majority
r81]r8~18n
r
in thIs
section's
of the Yazoo claims
Philadelphia
r/:j_dr:l12
from New York,
cunt r ao lc torv , J::JmesKellV,
different
f3 t at as s trengthfJrwrJ
to i-\rm~riCC1from Ireland.
sols rroponent
affi liated)
the
as th~ minority
he co lnc i.rlenLJith
favored
John
n
I:J
S
of Ynurnjs tnun , Pcnnsv Lvan.ia, was n f'urrne r who
(Republican)
irnll]j.gr21tC!d
uJest,
voted
tho bill.
I~s a group,
8ioht repr8aBnt~tiv8s
M8W
of
G D t 8 d 81 E'! cJ (] t u
Pennsylvania
voted nearly unanimously
within
the state represented
sections.
of the New York delegation
They deviated
(8
out of 13) voted
from the transitional
section
[\uI'don
(8d!1':211sc,
Lli,[Jl':::; :;iw;:~ ho
uf'
',[1IJm
irJ";
1.1
!iIUsi.,
Hartin
!,J;:IS
t hr ouqh
CJL~ f!8[d
York
SCfluneman,
Oxford;
Lhu
York
unur d nf
hi s c
the
fJeHu
lien t s ,
City,
Vork politics.
WIG
ti18janl~ [If
However,
uf
Dfl8
fJ8lJJ
at
DnLy
Yur l:
tilL;
~Jlld
1;1.1,1:::
(;l.JCJ
,:!\/:::nLu-
i;lli!
Bupr erne CDuI' t ,
f(s[Jublic8ns
Grmm County;.
ltlhu f':!\lurmJ
David Thomas,
Killian Van Rensselaer, Albanv;
Lon~ Island.
interests
on
twell
ill\ll'.
f 8 [lush
Thc~
l-lumf'o r d UT
tim
nomprumi ue
'3Cll81T1j
Uri Tr acv ,
and Eliphalet Uickes,
Russsl was a member of the Clinton faction in New
11
Sailly was a judge and merchant whos8 commercial
would have pointed to the need for Westward movement and
13
specu 1 a t·lonw 12 Schuneman was an inn owner in Green County.
David
Thomas
was another
a Presbljterian
Tracy
march ant
minister
later
uhn had been
movec.l to uaat arn
em e;_:jst8rn
was
:;tfJtm)
•
2 :J'::i '~,~~-ji:f"'J
must
"
Lll:J"_f 2 E'l
•• ,
'j
I (. ;:.~ ,
ile
L!G21'
ICliwed
tlJ
friends,
8S
IVNe been
,-, , ,
,
or
:]
f'UI'lIICr
;1I'ur8'j",icJfl;:Jl
C'Jln[Jl'olid. '3f3.
was
to the Indians.
15 Killian
thos:=] of
Vun RcnsGe18er
m::mlj f-ncJclle
i nvn l.v ad in
r
j
,
i \ dn~:3?jU 1
.L I
c:.l;-3.t'
uho se
19
due tor.
cliunts
j_nb3r-:~;ts
t;
'o.\l:u
h;]V8
2[J
Ohio.
Min"
r r mn
111U:3
Ht~ 11118
the
,.J[]ut;,'lcJl'U,
Uri Tracy
, ....
rm
ld~IS d
;::]fILi
14
a missionary
['Jew York.
His
r';pl":.lD8nt~JLiv[~s,
,2.
as Sai11'1.
c.",
!_j,.L:.I.
i nnr i drJP
,,:!J._
••
-.
21
appe ar eri to favor
His
ui Ll
sul.e
IJ;:JS
Hemry
c.;UP[JClI'i:;
adnut i.nn uf
t\w
bF1S
UI8
Y:lzon
~1 ~JD.
. 18 ~
1_T I
-
r"'·t
c il pa t Ion
i
·J;d t,a I:J'o t e !"J ;]1' t.ai c
23
5hlt8
r\Ju
Yes
JJo t Votin~J
Total
Delef.)Cltion
2/+
01
/e
Voting
Conn2C t.l cut
7
0
0
7
DelmFJl"~
0
0
1
1
3
l.
25
2
2
6
66
i~aryland
2
2
5
9
1+4
1
17
94
0
5
1
tJ
r
82
4
17
76
Georgi
a
1
[J
100
0
hentuckv
2
r~assachU:3et ts
1
Neb)
0
15
Harnpshirn
5
rJ r:J!JJ Jr:!rsBIj
2
:3
fJ8lJJ
100
Vork
5
8
I\Jort.h
C21l'olina
6
2
4
12
66
1
0
1
100
1
18
9l.
1
1
2
SO
South C,II'olin2]
0
7
1
,'3
eo
T8nn8sse~~
0
1
2
3
JJ
0
....
100
0
22
lOD
Ohio
0
Pcmns':ll \J '_mi cl
2
15
Rhode Island
0
VeI'rIHJnt
1
:j
"
Virginiel
20
'1
c.
~.
lO[]')G
;'cl\!C~
states
IfU
nut
tine1::J ',Jc!rLici_
unarllmouslv
that they voted
G
L ,:' ij r-: n, .1\,'
\!~J
',j
t2d
"_,
)
/
f.·J Ii' J ,r,,I [-1 c_H..'
_
~j
t
'J}. J
_
I-.t,I
_
"'C.~
1, .'J,.
__.
" ',I:'
_J
j'f
,;I' I-IL
I_oj!..
•.I"! '3
'"
t flU
for
•
>c CC: ::J C• 1.• [J n
.,1
'I-
'"
.
,.:
_,,-,1,"£3 enrd,
!Ill
t II t~
J. 'j
nD unu
0 "J ") r' -';"
:'1-'
l' J I-I
r
!J ~
CCinrlucL1.Cl.li~,
.
,_.~
__ u
_
__
BnrJ·ur'.:.~F_~
~ c;.~r+:.-,·,'.l~lr'l
'j]·_R·"'.J.
strongly
_
1_
r'lr"]
, __r,,~J~"I·.l·
w '
rJf-'.
f'''rOlf!
u..-: ..] ·:I!.·ldre
•
1'1
5_r Ii, F) T' C3 L •
Th
'j
'Jotirll~
pru 'lilly
ClpPO::J8CI
li
turnout
l'
t II d rr
cuunl_;c;rJ
fill'
bl18 Ili Uri
clnlE)U::' ;i:]lI
absent8B
fJ iJ
[3
factor
against
']I'OUp
in Congresslonal
weaker
structure,
After
811, the Southerners
Roanoke
the moat vociferouS
not
will,
transitional
Middle
states
against
LLiith
splits
of tt-1B :JOutl1f31'n
states
did the Federalists
of
to a Vazoo
within
rejection,
unlv
If anythino,
in their opposition
In the New England
strenth
tilC3 S'_il!ciIUl'n
led bV Juhn Randolph
and Republican
the greatest
Irl
was shown.
the regional
produced
p'Nur.
n f cungrE:)sr:;nl~ln.
compromise.
Table IV illustrates
parties.
t h '=' Iii, '] 11.:'~~);~ b '..1 r n o u L
'J rJ
in their
voting
delegation.
were
rJ i u n h
turnout
trlu rJIJrtrl8rri
t118
I I'U
the Feceralist
the Federalists
while
break
only
ranks
in the
to vote
44
Table
IV - Regional
Party
Breakdown
Region
Ves
~Jo
Federalist
r.JewEngland
29
1
f~eput)lican
r~on-A ffi liated
rJ
V
y
P,J
V
N
0
13
1
5
0
11
0
1
23
3
13
1
2
0
12
10
[J
3
0
I
l'
.3
2
3
Southern
36
5
flJidclle
22
13
Frontier
7
.3
Table
V
- Regional
Participation
Region
Yes
rJo
~J8Ltl
England
29
1
!"Jot
Voting
Total
Del8~FJ cion
r~1
;J
Voting
1
.J_
-q
97
ll~
55
80
1;2
83
llf
71
Southern
36
5
Hiddle
22
L3
Fr-orrt i ar
.3
7
,.,
I
[,
fiJI'
1':~j8ct;lCln
(1. n
d
1;':;
!;o
tl-l;::~
roglonal
nli~
shu
1_JJ;;]
10
_
vo tv r~')
C[JffIPT'Qlilj.:~Je
ciS :.;ilU\JJf1
dc'!citJHrl
1)1_i. rl_ :,,',',1,",', ,,'0_
r"
ThrClU
Y21ZiJU cClfl!prolni(jl-J
Lhrougi'j
:JS
ti1u
...:J '_;
c·,'
!::
'''j
':. _ -:::::c..
-1"'"
-,
t;., .-,
~)
r cs
't','"
''''Jntiment
r
'.I
, ,",~f,'", ',i"
',"1','.'
a compensation
of
I/Oi~tJ ') r
Ie::] I'
j_
firclt
tim
rE!cords
vOGe
n
defeated
until
'.j
V ::,11''uJ LJ S
TiL)
'F3.
The strong
defeated
.'
1,;'1'18
REJputlli ::;ml
_
l_l_ J.,. ,,'f
L!
'J:
,,',r<
f,', c. ! '"."
0 ','''1:';
,',".
'P' !"I
C'.I1118
".~'_:Ij",'(,]
I,'c,:',
'.'
:',1'
~,"",'1
,,0,
['J
_~,~
1 C' '}')') s ~Lr~ Sp_l~.
1",
l'
8id1nOs.
HfJpulJlican pen'ty.
orouping
1" r'l
O[J:io~;in!1
..
cl t f I ;3 P ]_:]5 t i__ cit
cornpror:Li.
E;t;I'OnOE~st
tilu
I'ejec t lon ,
upponr~d to
f;:J\JU_f~
nntl
1. V par
I; 1 [3 '3
•
lDC1G,
F f:i d [31'
n L 81' Ln ck 1. r1'; r e 2JS fJ n~l
t;h1'8C
CllHpGer2,
,'J
whcm
1. i :i t:o,
nrn
dis3UC
~')t r 0 n ~j l'j
emu
c
un
:,m complm<
art'.
tr3d
U 11\I [J (] 1,' t;:;
COI,I!=,TOil
I
i El8
,nrJ Luc al.Ly
proved.
LJ::H3icc!lllj 3~outt18rn
a F8d~ralist
will and voice
1814.
[,larch 31,
R8publicEm-
HiLldlE~ stat,3
8n~ Jeffersonian
back2d
of John Randolph
kept the Yazou
In that term, Congress
bill for the Yazoo
claimantse
passcd
measure.
bV a narrow
Randolph
issue
vote
was not in
'.:1
46
1.1J;-j~_J
UrIGfJl-j~J'I~1·tu
•••
Lile
tJ..orJrJl
:Ji;~Jt8 of
Gf~ul'fjj_a 1,1;:13resi~['cl'i,rF~;:J, >31tt18I' e)\}
omlr3l'cll
curnmo n t.n 0'11' f!'EJ'" insGli;lltloIF;,
ur try
11l'UVj'3icHkJ
of' the Ccm,~ti1:1Ii~ion u f til,! UnlLurJ
rr:, , S-~8tIH
I II,
l'(j P~]SS ~:!n'J ..... 1;JeJ lrnp~]lr.Ln~J
.
..
.~JL:cjCr.~s
L!,iD
SI-!UU
t ne
U,J_lfJc]Liun u F crJfl::r2Jcl;s],
Prenn f1;wsLnq a lcl1!J Wfl'J1'2iJy tlls :J':;Le]te of
:Jrif1ci.:~11'3S l:lilicil
\;118 !J'Jl'Liculc{r
~lr8
>,
>
U'Il'JJ1:Cjintiff
\:1, LII i lln
U, I,'
"J
vo Ld , c.:»
f
c,
1.:)
cr1'::
in
r.:i I cl
t cnuo 1.';1.
pl'E!rni:;c:Jc,
lr: i': 'J J. 11}
,.
It':
I: I:J
i I ;j
SIJ ;'lul'ch;Js(nl
"'-rW,.J'J i 1':3d
i_ Z 8 I:J
t h '"
,1Jl tl
C
i' Em r:]
II eeln '01'c:
crjiJ}_rJ
t; l'FJ;_I
:) r i r I
~
',.»
!~i I
"HI r:.i
I.d,~
:--_i
i~,:l17[jU
h !]ri_,]~.-~nizcJt:lC)nj
r\[)t!'~ltJ.;?~:3,
-mrl
ti'j
'UUIJr'l
'"
CUfl5-
LJ<:J
nu 1 J.
'J l' C.!
•
Li 1 j
. uri
,
1,',1
ri;-Jti~Jr;~JJ,J.~-,)rj!,
II
'" ' I 12
,
\.1.
nut
I I'] !,)
t.r:
;.
;:~! '.~.Jf : ,
'.":'.1
r_~
,'\ i"
1 ;-J
r= r~_1
tI9
~
;
r
(_J
Un 1. L',:~
'.J
J. ~~:;-I '::-1/):
:~...
2_[.iU:C'
t
..
L
U J_l'~_
.....;1 s~,:__';;;,.·:1
.;;.....::.1_,-:;
i1
·_:.~i
(:\
to 111
".1":
u~
.. '1
( j! ;:,:;
i_;J
1. ,:')
It
(;1 I
~J[Jr'lr-~:;!
11
i'~h8 ;'-\nl·~l',-}.r;>-.:ri
fJ!
:'
il~t
J_
J_
J .;..~J
':i:,[}f'J_L':~i~,
,
i~~J':':UJ_'U~_;--1
;_:rr!eJ
~ '-,;U C~:i :
..1 t .i.. u_11
.)1,;,
l'J(~
, \J r.l 1.
;~,rl'il!J~
__
IJ~
i'-~iUhL::.~,ii
I I (1. ') CJ.. )
t
2 (~)"
ltd.£. ,
7.
n.
~.,
77.
Illie.
(Ci1ulF,1 r lill.:
13.
C. PetElr r'ICJIJI"cJj-,il,
'liII.OD:
The Ci:l~~U of
W.W. r,Jorton
and Co., 19G7),-S:--
FleLchF.cl' :i.. P;';cl~
(lle111 Vork:
14.
ad.
John
Thomas Jeffet'srJr),
P. Foley
(New York:
16.
.ll!.i£.,
17.
~.
18.
ItJirJ.,
19.
S8fTlUBl
~lfr8d ~nurFp
"Yaznu Lr:mu tia18S, II Jeff,Jrsoniun
Russell
and Russell,
1967),
Cljt:lopedia,
952.
96.
97.
Fleig']
n,Jrnis,
1956), 2g4.
Jolin
IJuinc~
nd;]l1IEj
;CHId til'"
Lllllon
([JU'd Yo rk :
"
21.
CU~,Jl L
I' ,
i~~~;rJI'Cil f_-J,
1(J,'j
It
?3.
-r- "'"
r")n
(',1_)",
~
'I
!_'j::;L"'::_],
;1
\!..
,.~'
:.~_;
r1 •
36.
UftS., Congress,
8th Con~Jr8ss, 2nd session,
Seaton,
1851), 838.
37 •
I b i cl.,
38.
Bowers, Jefferaon
1 •
)Ui.J.~n,
, I ~,
__ ;'.-1.
J(r~f?(?tr:'Jn
\. J Li n ton:
1 (l r [Ji'Ji~ l'
HourJhLr:n
~
T~, D:>1 Lti-; t;r ill! r! L:
j'1i_f'flin
CD., 19CI7),
uf
300.
Annals of the Conqress of ~
Un!ted !;tates,
February
17, 1795 <Washington:
Gales and
12 J [J •
mmrn'Jtll'j,
:
in Power,
~jouGil,
152.
300.
-
-- - ----_
-_- -----
-~....... ,....,
"
_.'J"
U':J
_',
~
'j,
1",
~·I._i
_~ ..
t , C'
~-r
j.
,-,
, :<
1; J.
I
:j
,i~
Sf 1'/ ,
r.
-r- '
i :_.J~:":
..
j
1,1
'__;
l--
1,:) U.
1:1 •
~,
: ~,~J
:) .I, •
(I r:rjl ;,;[-\::-1
Madi~on:
~ ':11 ! ~-; ~_-J
.. ., '"
'1._ .L.L
i'_J U .)
"'''1-: -. i' f'
1
S8cr2t~ry
J~--17~~)
___._._;
?-·'l
c.__ ) t.
909.
C \1,1
,
1
2-..
l.J.~j",
t_",'U-Jif.J.i.'~~!C~3':)J
..
II
~.
-:..+ /
J, •
[J [;'-'.1'
•
-~r!n:Jl,~~,
]_2t~1-1 Con!] .. ,
2.nd
S~2:~~3.,
J':ljlUcjry
13,
r-','!
I (_J.:::_' ~
(--J
H.j03,
3.,
U ..._~.. ,
TH~.
7.
Lb i d ,
'3.
Hd_d.
-
10.
Ibid.,
~2
1....
-1'·
~.
-,
1:Y.
Crn'l'~;r'C!':'~~_':i, nni'j;~;l E~,
D2'2.
I
I tJ i (I .. , 1153 .,
Ihid.,
1.160.
r~l~JICfY;lS_j 1'1,
Ls t
S8~~~3.. ,
Decr~n1!J~.-~I'
3D,
S(J
Ih', ,-,
~.,
~.,
1']'23.
19.
20.
r .
... '1"" r-'
~L'_J~) [.J ,.
1
•
~I'!'
21.
22.
2
0','
-j
T Ii
"'...,.-.
........
i,,1
_!_U_;_)
~"'1
~
•
,I !_-Jj~
1..; ~ ,
.
-, 1
) -~
I}-],i ri ,
Cu.,
33..
H~;riL''j
li~,cl2)J 12'].
.,
~r
.).;
of the
i',:}j)
j
7r
_) I,J ""
c'l~
r-t,:,
:-jUI,j.~
T:, i :
~flJ
1 " 1 t>
~... L
"'!
37.
..__
'.
,.-,r)r-"
_i_! .. ! : ,!
1,Fi7 •
39.,
.,.. t.
~
~~~
rs ,
1~:)
t.3 ( '~~f.J :~; tun:
F ':! :z!. '~.1]_
I
.. '1
J.:_
r"1-:"_
/_J'
fJl
P'-:lrt'l
tt,l"
j:-r! J.:_~!
Up;:oL3Lioiic;
Carolina
T:-I~_~J;~~ff~jr~3u(jj_3n
r~~3~-JulJli:-,·
..~]n8
1.JCn ...J2_Q2 (i~hap81 Hill:
The University
Press,
1953), 81.
42.
~.,
43.
Bowers,
45.
Adams,
78.
Jefferson
in Power, 303.
John Randolph,
130.
Chapter
III
1.
U.S., Congress, Annals, 9th Cong., 1st
3.
Ibid., 90S.
4.
Ibid., 909.
5.
Ibid., 912.
6•
I bi [1.,
7.
Ibid., 920-921.
of
CmFJr8~33,
ttlC;
r
9.
ar e tha
Dir8ctul"j
_,
I~Jil_-l",
['1'1:::1.
(-j
.1
~
J.
C, ~,',-
_J
''''
;::J'!:_-_!
~';
906.
Joint
Enrnml t t ne on Printing,
Ccmqres8
1771~-1961,
prnsented
;\fIIl;l':l.CJJl
•. , -:;-.,,1,_
B;:Jw tl',h r,',',f,'J'rl'-,,lJG1),
~7-:'~7~o
.'
S8SS~,
9 17 •
lJ.zi.,
B.
in i'1u!._!Jr~r:
of f'Jorth
C:L';-jn~rii.Ji'::lIi:f
TJI..;
_;_:.:J
10): 1
r1U:.J
~
i
l~il
(IJ
".
,c.I,;
_J \
.
"1'"
'_! I'Jll~'J-;--JP1'rH-JPI'lt
j.....
\
'.J,
•
~:"-:; UL~uD!.'
l-i7
tli'_~
ij;:_;c.::,_Jc.j·;::-\l'j_ly
[~unCJI'
._...
I
"-'
'-'
ri
f1
-
CJim!r~FJhi'~al
IJ'j 111'. f'1~)yrJ8n.
nUIIC'
U f f'i[>~
:J
-
,
il-~~jl ;_Tf.':~·;_i::~ ;:JrjclfJ-~njcJ if 1 fjc.tt(Jllth ~']US
0~_)iTJ8f1
li:-.:jt;:~cj l.n !·..h,~! Dio[_~1';:1:-;h~~(.:21
l'~;PJ[·;~.~~.~nt !.;l·!~~l.L'Ie I
[;1:;11]\1 rjlst-I'l:-;t'~1t
-
~?
.J_
... ,',
t,/
r'O
"'t
'l.
~.
,
r:
)
.
..
-~
...:..~~,
'1"",
~
r
11
j
•
•
!)
~"i
!'I
1 ,...,
~_
I
J "
11"
-.
I ~_;
i
i~ •
,
·······fII
,"
.1,
• I
""! '/.-~-.,
,
,..-)
1. 'f •
2..
-,..\
-
~- /
I iJ J. rj
j
.,
Jj.
,..--.
"
• ,
..... _,,-
J / CJ •
"I: : ';
~III'
r·
,"
~.?
(',
.-I~)
,I
"
.:
..
1.. r'
,J,,)-..'"
I •
1• '.':"'
~
~.J .) (__ •
21.
23.
'_J
.L j::~:.J
18.
20.
c--- ,,-
'J _,
..... -~,..,
j
~"')
,.-. .
,---
'_J
8
T tj J. ;~_! I.
C:.:_~C!SUS
-\;0
25•
11i:)!.Ju.!:'ic"j1
i fI'Jton:
I,. 1,);:l!C;]1
'3 ~:~8 T t',; l__ll:_1 I.
Th8 (JId
--
27.
2B.
,
1957
MHQrath,
CUrl,,,;, rv;\ ti VC3,
Yazoo, IS?
151.
:-Ji~:.:1Li~·)tic~l of
GO\} 8rnment
u. s. ,
COl1grtl'Hi,
f.\ml,cJJcJ [If tile
Cc;nqrucic; of the Unitmj
Ld::J'::.mington:
GE!lusc!nd~Je8tofl, 1D':'l-1855.
_ lr-',-r '....
__ ---
'l,"",q:;-
OJ.J,.
~
St~,
8001'8
{\081'flzrthv,
Thnrnas , The
uf Th[~ i!ist;ol'~
.
-:--:- 'T'l'l'C
lOUJ3J.,",1
of ~
c;"I t. P
,j'>cl>"
U"l'l"
p -pc L
,
",_0,
1.
rJ ;~~v : 1.'?~d CJ8 ,
\1
..J
III
_ .,
{j
_L
el
th,J
IJI
[] CJ i ~J;:: I':3 ,
r:"' t;!J E~:~Ii"'J 1.1 s
......---
~.J
'/
;:
J
,.... ,
1-,,I
-
lC~1n r: x
1'\1
Vj
Soutll
lb.£
P I'E! SS,
fllmJ
fJ8tioll
HD1m8f;
fJ
----
-i ,
~3d
.. ;
1 CJF 1
-~-~,
;1]:J 1~
U!~j:
IV
"J_.
Cj:.:rlf11cL
',)r![J r~ r j r! ::; ;-,r
- I" -! ~~,' i-,_..,-I, CJ 1'1 10 r~i"J 'I
,Ju';i,on: Hou']htfm [·!l.fFllli
P Juhn i\'H'3!lC,!11.
t"1
'I
~-
ur
l!2 ~~:
Cu.,
i_,
r I :~~
[.) I') 1.1 :•. : 1-1 ~~'U
, fl
:,d11J.ldPI
r- u t n
G • l~~~
I
::.;1';i,
\"J ~~ r 1r-J n c ;.;
CoulCEJ,l', E. i'1r::rton, [jE30rgL'l:.!}
UniVF)l'Si t'J [) r North
C'lI'olina
Press,
~JhtJl't l+i st o r v ,
191-+7.
Ch;:jpelilill:
Cunliff8,
r-1nrcus,
.J::.!:l§. P'Jation Tclkes Shape .l2§2-1837,
Chic~lnO History
of Am[nicc3n Civilization,
f>.d. D,]niel
ChI'CDIJD;
Universi.ty
of Chlc,J[Jo Pr~~3S, .959.
The
Vul.,
n.p.:
1789-1819,
[itl3pf1er1son.
Dr1~,J~t
U, f'2
i'{
in
mi. Ld8ndBl1
C1 ~-~ur!c~, Ji:~F f"r~~
I' ~JCj 1""1
l~':.;'!I
C;·~,
.V;/:
South,
VDl. III
iJuCll'stin.
of
-------~---.-
:.11
,
r__J ,- ~
._,
--
.
c_
~~
.....
~! : :
j
,-;!
J
•
I,
W.l:!.
r.u
I·
l.'
jl __J
.~
l~ur;
1 i, in)
Pi
"jrJ
B(J.
e
lJ
.•
c)
;-j
CD",
e
1 G:,r)'II'
:iphy
r,1 (
If:132
J:~ff;~~~'J;~;~;':::
._-
1776-193G •
p , , .
.• rJUU,-r!'3,
Rev.
r Ij_ :~ -~ 0 .~'1
i i; )"1'::·'[;
':1.]
I~J;:'
(_)f
r_-__;
.; U.,
Uni L-,cl ~~~t.8~.
-:,
J-\r_18
HI;
peJI/
.. _
J
,
i Linculn:
~ "
,_,.
oUI'2dll
Jta~88: Colonial
Offlce , 1960
.
D'
Hh,torical Statistics
CJensuS,
Washington: Government
Times to 1957.
-- ---or
-
t ~
CI18
f~
£f ~
United
Printing
U.S., Congress, Joint Committee on Printing, 8ioQraphica1
lrectorv of the (\meric,-JnConaress 1774-1961, presented by f'lr.
Ha\loen
C'.'
F)
.. "
Off1 ••
DU\.,II
onl].,
l.:"t
S8S~j., Washington:
Government
'rH1Lln~1
a c e , J.');;1.
r_)r., ,.'.