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CHAPTER 6 – PHRASES
Exercise 6.1
1. a.
b.
c.
d.
Edward
The students in Math 101
people
The house that we own
grows tomatoes as large as grapefruit
have always disliked taking exams
find Bill Cosby funny usually
sits on a small lot.
2. a.
b.
c.
d.
He grows tomatoes as large as grapefruit.
They have always disliked taking exams.
Generally, they find Bill Cosby funny.
It sits on a small lot.
Exercise 6.2
1. My complaining all the time about doing the dishes . . . , doesn’t it?
Does my complaining all the time about doing the dishes - upset Mother?
2. The storm last summer that devastated cities in western Texas . . . , didn’t it?
Did the storm last summer that devastated cities in western Texas - miss Houston?
3. The road maps for our upcoming trip that you picked up at the Automobile Club . . . , aren’t they?
Are the road maps for our upcoming trip that you picked up at the Automobile Club - in the glove
compartment?
4. Jay Scott, whom we met at the honors reception of the English department last year . . . , won’t he?
Will Jay Scott, whom we met at the honors reception of the English department last year - soon
publish his third poem?
5. The girl who lives on the third floor . . . , doesn’t she?
Does the girl who lives on the third floor - always play her stereo too loud?
Exercise 6.3
Answers to this exercise are given in the text that follows it.
Exercise 6.4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
had been waiting
is having
must have left
will be landing
was pruning
EX ERC ISE A N SW ER KEY
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Exercise 6.5
This exercise lends itself to group work followed by class discussion.
TENSE
MODAL
1. present
will
HAVE + {en}
2. present
3. present
BE + {-ing}
MAIN VERB
BE + {-ing}
question
HAVE + {en}
have
must
answer
4. past
BE + {-ing}
5. past
6. present
read
warn
should
HAVE + {en}
7. present
BE + {-ing}
HAVE + {en}
graze
be
Exercise 6.6
Discussion of this exercise provides an opportunity to monitor student understanding of the principle
involved.
1.
2.
3.
4.
was waiting
has waited
must have been waiting
waits
5.
6.
7.
8.
waited
may be waiting
had been waiting
is waiting
Exercise 6.7
Discussion of this exercise provides an opportunity to monitor student understanding of the principles
involved.
1. had ended; past perfect; past + HAVE + {-en} + end
turned off; past tense; past + turn off
2. has been improving; present perfect progressive form;
present + HAVE + {-en} + BE + {-ing} + improve
came; past tense; past + come
3. returned; past tense; past + return
was growling; past progressive form; past + BE + {-ing} + growl
4. believes; present tense; present + believe
has mended; present perfect form; present + HAVE + {-en} + mend
5. hit; past tense; past + hit
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E X ER CI SE A N SW ER K EY
6. had been writing; past perfect progressive form; past + HAVE + {-en} + BE + {-ing} + write
interrupted; past tense; past + interrupt
7. receive; present tense; present + receive
will have been traveling; future perfect progressive form;
present + MODAL + HAVE + {-en} + BE + {-ing} + travel
Exercise 6.8
This exercise lends itself to group work followed by class discussion. Main verb phrases are in parentheses.
1. Mabel (had been whistling)
TENSE (Past) + HAVE + {-en} + BE + {-ing} + whistle (have and be are auxiliaries)
2. The post office (has been delivering)
TENSE (Present) + HAVE + {-en} + BE + {-ing} + deliver (have and be are auxiliaries)
3. The children (must be)
TENSE (Present) + MODAL + be (be is the main verb)
4. The books (must have been)
TENSE (Present) + MODAL + HAVE + {-en} + be (be is the main verb)
5. My co-workers (have had)
TENSE (Present) + HAVE + {-en} + had (have is the main verb)
Review Exercise
1. the young man
NP
past + send
2. A stranger
NP
past + pay
sent
MVP
paid
MVP
3. Our youngest son
NP
past + hit
4. the play
NP
past + seem
Mary
NP
seemed
MVP
a dozen roses
NP
our dinner bill
NP
hit
MVP
the ball
NP
sure of success
ADJP
5. The children
should be
NP
MVP
present + MODAL(should) + be
home
ADVP
Before their date
ADVP
because Jill had forgotten her wallet
ADVP
into the neighbor’s yard
ADVP
After opening night
ADVP
by twelve
ADVP
on Saturday afternoon.
ADVP
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6. students
study
NP
MVP
present + study
diligently
ADVP
7. people
consider
NP
MVP
present + consider
Ophelia
NP
during the last week of classes
ADVP
the prettier sister
NP
Sometimes
ADVP
Generally
ADVP
CHAPTER 7 – FIVE BASIC SENTENCE TYPES
Exercise 7.1
This is a good exercise for class discussion. You might have students collect answers and categorize
them into groups. We suggest below the alternatives we have thought of. If two phrases appear on one
line, both seem to us to be required.
1. angry (ADJP)
a liar (NP)
at school (ADVP)
5. the golfers (NP)
6. No complement required.
7. salty (ADJP)
2. forcefully (ADVP)
a bystander (NP)
8. cereal (NP)
3. happy (ADJP)
a nuisance (NP)
at home (ADVP)
9. the street (NP)
carefully (ADVP)
4. the consequences (NP)
football (NP) exciting (ADJP)
football (NP) good exercise (NP)
10. beautiful (ADJP)
to the future (ADVP)
Exercise 7.2
Doing this exercise in class provides an opportunity to monitor the students’ understanding of the pattern.
1. Subject
Jack
NP
Type 1
Predicate
stands
MVP
on that corner
ADVP
every morning
ADVP
2. Subject
Jennifer
NP
Not Type 1
Predicate
is
MVP
polite
ADJP
to old people
ADVP
always
ADVP