Guideline for Managing Risks with
Chemicals in DET Workplaces
(HLS-PR-006)
Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals
in DET Workplaces (HLS-PR-006)
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 – Introduction to chemicals at work
- Introduction
- Hazardous Substances and Dangerous Goods – What are they?
- Legislative Requirements
- Management Responsibilities
- Workers Responsibilities
- Contractor, Visitor and Student Responsibilities
Chapter 2 – Information, communication and training
- Information, Communication and Training
- Sources of Information
- Material Safety Data Sheets
- ChemWatch and ChemAlert MSDS Databases
- Labelling
- Communication and Consultation
- Training
Appendix 1 Effects of Chemicals
Chapter 3 – Record Keeping
- Documents and Records
- Chemical Risk Assessments
- Hazardous Substances/Dangerous Goods Register
- Safe Work Procedures
- Maintenance Records
- Training Records
- Monitoring and Health Surveillance Records
Appendix 2a Sample Hazardous Substance/Dangerous Goods Register
Appendix 2b Hazardous Substance/Dangerous Goods Register
Chapter 4 – Purchasing, storage and handling
- Working with Chemicals
- Purchasing
- Storage and Handling
- Physical Requirements
- Separation and Segregation
- Labelling and Decanting
- Storage Placarding (Signage)
- Transport of Flammable Liquids and Gas
Appendix 3 Prohibited Chemicals in Departmental Workplaces
Appendix 4 Dangerous Goods Classification
Appendix 5 Chemical Compatibility and Segregation Requirements
Appendix 6 Placarding Thresholds for a Dangerous Goods Minor Storage
Chapter 5 – Risk Management
- Chemical Risk Management
- Process for Conducting a Risk Assessment for the Use of Chemicals
- Chemical Pesticide Management
Appendix 7 Chemical Risk Assessments
Appendix 8 Risk Assessment Process: Managing Risk in Activities Involving Chemicals
Appendix 9 Risk Assessment Flowchart
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Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals
in DET Workplaces (HLS-PR-006)
Table of Contents
Chapter 6 - Disposal
- Disposal
- Surplus chemicals
- General requirements for disposal of chemicals and containers
- Disposal of chemical waste
- Disposal of empty containers
- Disposal of Other items – Oil, Oil Drums, Gas Cylinders, Batteries, Consumables
- Minimising use
- Avoid creating waste
Appendix 10 Licensed Chemical Waste Disposal Contractors
Appendix 11 Chemical Waste Disposal Manifest
Chapter 7 – Emergency Planning
- Emergencies
- Emergency Procedures
- Emergency Management Plan
- Review of Emergency Management Plan
- Emergency Service Agencies
Glossary
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Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
Workplaces (HLS-PR-006)
Chapter 1
Introduction to Chemicals at work
1
Introduction
The purpose of this Managing Occupational Risks with Chemicals Guideline is to
assist departmental staff to adopt safe practices for the management of all
chemicals.
The application of the information and processes in this guideline will prevent or
minimise the risk of injury or illness to staff, students and others (such as visitors and
volunteers) from exposure to chemicals, particularly hazardous substances and
dangerous goods.
1.1
Hazardous Substances and Dangerous Goods – What are they?
Chemicals can be broken down into hazardous materials and non-hazardous
materials. Non-hazardous materials generally do not represent a threat to the health
and safety of employees and others provided that they are used for the purpose
specified and in the manner specified. While these substances do not pose a threat
to employees and property, there is still an obligation for the safe management of
non-hazardous materials in the Workplace Health and Safety Act 1995.
‘Hazardous materials’ is a term that collectively describes substances which are
classified according to the hazard they present, including but not limited to dangerous
goods (DG) and hazardous substances. Both of these classes of substances are
present in many departmental workplaces and readily available to workers. These
chemicals are subject to specific legislative requirements for their safe and effective
management.
ALL CHEMICALS
Fig 1 - Diagrammatic Representation of the Relationship between all Chemicals,
Dangerous Goods and Hazardous Substances
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Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
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Chapter 1
Introduction to Chemicals at work
1.2
Legislative Requirements
Departmental workplaces have the responsibility to safely manage the use of all
chemicals. However, extra vigilance must be exercised when managing hazardous
materials. Many hazardous materials are classified as both a dangerous good and a
hazardous substance and will be subject to at least one set of legislation depending
on the application of the hazardous material at any point in time. Effective
management can be achieved by meeting all relevant legislative requirements.
In Queensland there is a complex range of legislation, codes of practice and related
standards for the management of chemicals. The principal requirements for the
management of chemicals are contained in the following documents:
 Workplace Health and Safety Act 1995 and Workplace Health and Safety
Regulation 2008 and related codes of practice
 Dangerous Goods Safety Management Act 2001 and Dangerous Goods Safety
Management Regulation 2001
 Agricultural Chemicals Distribution Control Act 1966 and Agricultural Chemicals
Distribution Control Regulation 1998
 Chemical Usage (Agricultural and Veterinary) Control Act 1988, and Chemical
Usage (Agricultural and Veterinary) Control Regulation 1999
 Explosives Act 1999 and Explosives Regulation 2003
 Transport Operations (Road Use Management) Act 1995 and Transport
Operations (Road Use Management – Dangerous Goods) Regulation 2008
 Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals (Queensland) Act 1994
 Health (Drugs and Poisons) Regulation 1996.
The legislation imposes responsibilities on certain persons in a departmental
workplace irrespective of the quantities and types of chemicals that may be used.
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Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
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Chapter 1
Introduction to Chemicals at work
1.2.1 Management Responsibilities
Departmental supervisors and managers have an obligation to ensure the health and
safety of themselves, their staff and any other persons (such as students and
volunteers) is not affected by the conduct of work-related activities involving
hazardous materials undertaken at the workplace.
With respect to hazardous materials, the specific requirements for a
supervisor/manager to discharge their relevant responsibilities are outlined and
referenced below:
Responsibilities
 obtaining, recording, and making available Material Safety Data
Sheets (MSDS) to all workers prior to the use of a substance and
keeping the MSDS close to where the substance is being used.
 ensuring that all containers housing hazardous materials are
appropriately labelled with relevant safety information
 ensuring risk assessments are completed and recorded for all
hazardous materials to manage occupational risks in accordance
with the process outlined in this procedure
 implementing appropriate control measures to control exposure to
hazardous materials
 provide and maintain safety equipment or personal protective
equipment that is suitable for use with hazardous materials
 providing appropriate monitoring and health surveillance when
required
 keeping and maintaining all relevant registers, manifests and
records for all aspects of managing hazardous materials



2
Reference
Chapter 2
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Appendices
7&8
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 3
Appendix 1
Chapter 3
Appendices
2a & 2b
providing adequate information, instruction and training about
hazardous materials for all users that may be exposed to Chapter 2
hazardous materials in the workplace
ensuring emergency plans are prepared for dealing with hazards
Chapter 7
likely to arise from significant incidents
prevent access by unauthorised persons to hazardous materials Chapter 4
stored, or handled at the workplace storage areas.
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Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
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Chapter 1
Introduction to Chemicals at work
1.2.2 Workers Responsibilities
Workers at a workplace also have workplace health and safety responsibilities with
respect to hazardous materials. The specific requirements are outlined and
referenced below:
Responsibilities
 being
aware
of
the
location
of
the
Hazardous
Substances/Dangerous Goods Register and MSDS for ready
reference
 referring to the MSDS when using a chemical for the first time to
ensure any precautions for use are known and followed
 assisting in completing risk assessments and identifying control
measures prior to using hazardous chemicals



2
following the advice for usage based on the information given on
the label and MSDS
using safety equipment or personal protective equipment when
required and to not wilfully or recklessly interfere with or misuse
anything provided for workplace health and safety at the
workplace
advising supervisors of any faults in the control systems (e.g.
faulty equipment) and any dangerous occurrences, near misses,
injuries and illnesses associated with handling of hazardous
materials.
6
Reference
Chapter 3
Chapter 2
Chapter 5
Appendices
7&8
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapters 3
&4
Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
Workplaces (HLS-PR-006)
Chapter 1
Introduction to Chemicals at work
1.2.3 Contractors, Visitors and Students Responsibilities
Contractors, visitors and students also have workplace health and safety
responsibilities with respect to hazardous materials. The specific requirements are
outlined and referenced below:
Responsibilities
 being
aware
of
the
location
of
the
Hazardous
Substances/Dangerous Goods Register and MSDS for ready
reference
 referring to the MSDS when using a chemical for the first time to
ensure any precautions for use are known and followed
 assisting in completing risk assessments and identifying control
measures prior to using hazardous chemicals




2
following the advice for usage based on the information given on
the label and MSDS
using safety equipment or personal protective equipment when
required and to not wilfully or recklessly interfere with or misuse
anything provided for workplace health and safety at the
workplace
advising departmental staff of any faults in the control systems
(e.g. faulty equipment) and any dangerous occurrences, near
misses, injuries and illnesses associated with handling of
hazardous materials.
contractors comply with legislative obligations including having
appropriate MSDS, risk assessments, work method statements
and control measures in place for work they undertake on site to
ensure risks to DET communities are managed.
7
Reference
Chapter 3
Chapter 2
Chapter 5
Appendices
7&8
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapters 3
&4
Chapter 3
Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
Workplaces (HLS-PR-006)
Chapter 2
Information, Communication and Training
1
Information, Communication and Training
Information and communication about the possible hazards as well as training in the
safe use of chemicals are all important control measures to ensure the safe
management and use of chemicals.
Communication regarding possible hazards to the end user is central to the safe use
of chemicals in workplaces. The users of chemicals and their supervisors should be
trained in the safe use of chemicals to control exposure to the risks of chemicals in
the workplace. It is important that all chemical users understand the different ways
chemicals get into the body and what sort of effects may occur. Preventing exposure
through the implementation of the most effective control measures is the best method
to ensure workers minimise the risk of both acute and chronic health effects (see
Appendix 1 for further information).
1.1
Sources of Information
There are a number of sources of information available for the management and safe
use of chemicals. The first source of information users of chemicals will encounter is
the chemical container label which by legislation must include basic identification, risk
and safety information. More detailed information regarding a specific chemical is
provided in a material safety data sheet (MSDS).
Direct contact by telephone, e-mail or facsimile with the chemical manufacturer or
supplier can usually be made through the information provided on the label or MSDS.
The Workplace Health and Safety Officers, Regional Health and Safety Consultants,
Institute Health and Safety Managers/Coordinators and the health and safety staff in
the Organisational Health Unit can also provide advice and assistance on the
management and safe use of chemicals.
1.1.1 Material Safety Data Sheets
A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is a document that contains important
information about a chemical and must contain:
 The product name and the names of hazardous ingredients
 The chemical and physical properties of the chemical
 Health hazard information
 Precautions for safe use and handling
 The manufacturer’s or importer’s name, Australian address and telephone
number.
The MSDS provides all workers with the necessary information to safely manage the
risk from chemical exposure. MSDS are to be made available to workers at the point
of use of the relevant chemical. Access to an MSDS can be provided in several
ways including electronic MSDS databases or a hard copy. It is important that
workers know how to read and interpret a MSDS. In many cases a shortened form of
the MSDS is found preferable for general use, rather than the longer, more complex
full version.
With respect to MSDS, the supervisor/manager is to:
 Obtain a MSDS for a chemical from the manufacturer or supplier
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Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
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Information, Communication and Training




Keep a register containing a list of all chemicals used at the workplace and put a
copy of the MSDS in the register
Ensure that workers are aware of the location and content of the MSDS
Keep a copy of the MSDS close to where the chemical is being used
Ensure that the MSDS is no more that 5 years old.
1.1.2 ChemWatch and ChemAlert MSDS Databases
ChemWatch and ChemAlert are online databases containing information on over 1
million chemicals. ChemWatch and ChemAlert provide a number of helpful features
such as production of labels, an MSDS database and a tool that assists in the
organisation of chemical storage areas and the creation of chemical manifests. Used
correctly it can help in the development and organisation of the chemical
management system in the workplace and easily provides the basic information that
is required to conduct a risk assessment for activities that include the use of
chemicals.
The department has an online subscription to ChemWatch that can be accessed
through the Chemicals and Hazardous substances section of the Creating Healthier
Workplaces website: http://full.chemwatch.net/qldedu/
Some workplaces may also have an online subscription to ChemAlert or access to
other electronic MSDS databases. Where an MSDS is not accessible through the
electronic MSDS databases available, chemical users can request an MSDS directly
from the supplier or manufacturer of the chemical.
1.1.3 Labelling
Labelling of chemicals is a critical issue because it is the most visible hazard
communication tool. The label is often the first source of information alerting users to
the inherent hazards of a chemical and any instructions for its safe storage, handling
and use. All containers that contain chemicals must be labelled, irrespective of the
size of the container. The label on all chemical containers must be in English and
contain the following:
 name of the product
 risk and safety phrases that give information about the chemical’s hazards
 the chemical names of hazardous ingredients.
 hazard pictograms (eg Dangerous Goods diamonds)
1.2
Communication and Consultation
Staff should be consulted on chemical issues which may affect their health and
safety. Workers know their jobs and the risks involved and are more easily able to
identify these risks and contribute to discussions related to their jobs. Consultation
also provides an opportunity for staff to contribute to the decision making process
and increase their commitment to the safe management of chemicals.
Consultation can take place through formal processes such as the health, safety and
wellbeing committee or through formal and informal discussions held between
workplace management, workplace health and safety officers, workers and their
workplace health and safety representatives. A primary focus of these consultative
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Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
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Information, Communication and Training
activities should be hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control. The formal
consultative process should cover the following:
 the introduction of new chemicals to the workplace (refer to Chapter 4)
 the identification and assessment of risks associated with chemicals at the
workplace (refer to Chapter 5)
 decisions about control measures to be implemented (refer to Appendix 7)
 induction and training requirements (refer to Chapter 2.3)
 advice to workers with potential exposure to particular chemicals (refer to
Appendix 1).
These formal consultative requirements can be addressed by ensuring chemicals
management is a standing agenda item for health, safety and wellbeing committee
meetings.
1.3
Training
The results of consultation and risk assessments for the use of chemicals can be
used to identify and choose training methods. Training can take many forms
including:
 Induction – all staff working with chemicals must be provided with induction and
regular refresher training, relevant to their area of work. The training must
address:
 nature of hazards of the chemicals and processes they are working with
 normal operating procedures
 control measures including the use of PPE and other safety equipment
 emergency action.
 Formal training – addresses specific needs of the workplace or workers and
may be of a theoretical nature. Issues may cover legislative requirements,
relevant information about hazardous material, use of personal protective
equipment and emergency procedures
 On-the-job training – covers supervised training received while actually doing
the job. This form of training should be used to introduce a new/redesigned
process or chemical into the workplace and the precautions for its use.
People to be trained include:
 workers who may be exposed to a hazardous material at work
 supervisors of workers at risk from exposure to a hazardous material
 workplace health and safety committee members and workplace health and
safety representative/s
 workers responsible for the purchasing of chemicals, control equipment, personal
protective equipment and for the designing, scheduling, organisation and layout
of work
 those who have direct involvement in fire or other emergency action.
The extent of a training program and the amount of detail required will depend on:
 the hazards associated with a substance used in the workplace
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Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
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Information, Communication and Training


the complexity of the work procedures
any controls, work practices and personal protective equipment required to
minimise risks.
Any special needs of workers should be taken into account in deciding on the
structure, content and delivery of training. These special needs may include literacy
levels, work experience and specific skills required for the job.
Pertinent information should be provided to all relevant people about the equipment
used to prevent exposure to chemicals, such as exhaust ventilation systems. The
following information should be available:
 the use for which the equipment is designed
 the conditions necessary for its use
 results of tests that have been carried out in connection with the safe operation of
the equipment.
The legislation places responsibilities on employers and to meet these
responsibilities the department expects managers and supervisors to:
 provide a worker who may be exposed to a hazardous material induction and
ongoing training about the substance having regard to the level of risk identified
in the risk assessment and the workers who may be exposed to the substance;
 keep a record of the induction and training for 5 years stating the date of the
session, the topics dealt with, the name of the person who conducted the
session, and the names of the workers who attended.
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Chapter 2
Information, Communication and Training
Appendix 1
Effects of Chemicals
It is important that all chemical users understand the different ways chemicals get
into the body and what sort of effects may occur to help with the safe management of
chemicals. Preventing exposure through the implementation of the most effective
control measures is the best method to ensure workers minimise the risk of both
acute and chronic health effects. Control measures should be implemented in the
following order:

get rid of the harm or prevent the risk

if this is not possible:
o replace with something less harmful
o separate people from the harm
o change work processes or the physical work environment, (e.g. by
redesigning work, plant, equipment, components or premises)
o apply administrative arrangements, (e.g. limit entry or time spent in a
hazardous area)
o use personal protective equipment.
Entry of chemicals into the body
Chemicals will only enter the body if workers are directly exposed to the chemicals.
Sufficient and adequate control measures should always be used to ensure that
exposure to chemicals does not occur. Chemicals may enter the body by the
following routes:
Ingestion
Ingestion is rare and is the result of unusual accidents or deliberate poisoning
attempts. Small amounts of inhaled dusts may be ingested but are unlikely to cause
systemic or digestive disturbances.
Inhalation
Inhalation represents the most rapid and direct route of entry because of the close
association of air passages with the circulatory system, which has a surface area of
between 50 and 100 square metres. The degree and rate of absorption of chemicals
into the body from the respiratory system is dependent upon:

Concentration of chemical in the atmosphere. Higher concentrations increase
absorption rates and degree of absorption.

Duration of exposure. Longer periods may increase the final rate of absorption
and the degree of absorption.

Solubility of chemical in blood and tissue. Generally, fat soluble chemicals will
be absorbed and retained in the body longer than non-fat soluble compounds.

Reactivity of chemicals. This refers to the rate at which a chemical tends to
undergo a chemical reaction over time. Some chemicals may continue to be
part of a chemical reaction over a long period of time and other chemicals may
have a short reaction time.

Respiration rate. Increased respiration rate will normally increase the rate and
degree of absorption. This is particularly important in occupational exposures
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
where heavy physical exertion is required e.g. carbon monoxide in vehicle repair
shops.
Particle size and shape (dust and aerosols). In general the sizes of concern
range from 10 microns to less than one micron.
Skin absorption (including the eye)
Skin may provide an effective barrier to chemical contamination, a partial barrier or
no barrier which could result in:

Primary or secondary irritation

Penetration and sensitisation

Penetration and corrosive damage

Penetration and absorption.
The skin absorption rate is the rate at which chemicals are transported across the
skin barrier and is dependent on:

Thickness and area of skin

Condition of skin; cuts, scratches, abrasions etc will aid absorption

The presence of skin structures such as hair follicles, sebaceous glands and
sweat glands. These may provide an effective route for chemicals to cross the
skin barrier.

Presence of fat soluble solvents, eg the absorption of phenol from certain paint
strippers is increased by the presence of fat soluble methylene chloride in the
formulation.

Temperature of chemical or solvent

Presence and amount of perspiration.
Injection
Accidental injection of chemicals and other substances such as biological material
and diseases into the body is also rare. This is usually a result of a needlestick injury
or exposure to work involving compressed air, gases or fluids that are forced through
the skin barrier.
Removal of chemicals from the body
Chemicals may be removed from a person’s body through biological processes.
Excretion of chemicals may be achieved by:

Lungs removing volatile chemicals in exhaled air.

Digestive tract may pass ingested chemicals through the gastrointestinal tract
and be eliminated in the faeces.

Liver metabolising chemicals to more water soluble materials and eliminating
some chemicals in the bile.

Kidneys eliminating compounds in urine. Chemicals may cause damage to the
kidney filtration system.
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Chapter 2
Information, Communication and Training
Effects of Chemicals
The effects of chemicals on people can be divided into a number of categories. The
different types of effects of chemicals on people are:
Local effects
Local effects are adverse effects to the particular tissue to which the substance is
exposed. Examples include:

Corrosive substances severely damage the skin and eyes.

Organic solvents can induce dermatitis

Irritant gases (chlorine, ammonia) intensely irritate the respiratory tract.
Systemic effects
Systemic effects are adverse effects on a system of the body after absorption, for
example:
Lead can effect the nervous system, blood, kidneys and reproductive functions


Pesticides usually affect the nervous system.
Acute effects
Acute means the adverse effects are short lasting and develop during or soon after
exposure, for example:

Irritant gases immediately irritate the eyes and respiratory tract

Excessive exposure to organic solvents can induce narcotic effects quickly i.e.
headache, dizziness, unconsciousness.

“arc eye” develops within a few hours of exposure to high energy ultraviolet
radiation.
Chronic effects
Chronic means the adverse effects are long lasting, if not permanent. Onset of an
illness may occur soon after exposure or it may be delayed by many years.
Examples include:

Asbestosis and silicosis following excessive exposure to asbestos and free
silica.

Chronic renal failure after excessive exposure to lead

Chronic dermatitis from skin irritants

Lung cancer and mesothelioma from asbestos.
Monitoring and Surveillance
Monitoring
Monitoring is the sampling of the air a worker breathes at a workplace to check
exposure to a hazardous material. Knowing the extent of exposure to a hazardous
material is fundamental to providing adequate control against a worker breathing a
contaminated atmosphere. Monitoring is performed by external organisations with
specialist skills and equipment. Monitoring also requires a ‘target’ of contaminates
rather than indiscriminately monitoring the environment for any contaminate.
If monitoring is required, DET, as an employer, has an obligation to make sure
monitoring is done as soon as possible and record the result, and ensure a worker
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Chapter 2
Information, Communication and Training
who may be exposed to a hazardous material at the workplace is given a copy of the
record and can inspect the record at any time.
The risk assessment process for hazardous materials calls upon using information
about exposure to assist in making that risk assessment. In most of the simpler
cases, the extent of exposure can be gauged from observation and relevant detail
from the label and MSDS. There are some instances, however, where the procedure
of observing a process aided by an MSDS and a label will not provide reliable
estimates of exposure. Examples include:
 a respirable dust often cannot be seen
 a visible dust concentration cannot be judged by eye
 some airborne contaminants have no odour so their presence is undetected.
Air monitoring provides a reliable estimate of exposure and is the primary means of
making a comparison with exposure standards possible. Monitoring takes into
consideration:
 individual worker behaviour by measuring concentration of contaminants in the
worker’s breathing zone
 all environmental and process variables
 collection of sufficient data needed to estimate any exposure level that is
appropriate for that hazardous material in that work situation.
Health Surveillance
Health surveillance is the monitoring (including biological monitoring) of the health of
workers to identify any changes caused by exposure to a hazardous material. Any
requirement for health surveillance will be determined by the risk assessment.
Monitoring can be done through the testing of body fluids such as blood and urine
and body function, for example, lung function tests for workers who work with
respiratory sensitisers, or an examination of the skin. There should be no
situations in departmental workplaces which would result in staff requiring
health surveillance.
If the chemicals requiring health surveillance (shown below) are used, workplaces
should consider using alternative substances if available to remove them from the
workplace. Contractors that propose the use of any of these substances while
working in DET workplaces should also be strongly encouraged to use alternative
products to eliminate the risk of exposure for DET staff.
In accordance with section 207 of the Workplace Health and Safety Regulation 2008,
health surveillance must be provided for employees who work with the hazardous
materials listed below as part of their normal duties. Health surveillance is
sometimes necessary to ensure worker’s ongoing health. Workers should be made
aware that DET is required by law to ensure that workers exposed to a hazardous
material have health surveillance, where:
 it is required by legislation for exposure to that substance (see list below)
 an identifiable adverse health effect has happened, or may happen under the
worker’s work conditions, and valid health surveillance or biological monitoring
techniques exist.
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Hazardous Substances Requiring Health Surveillance
4,4 Methylenebis (2-chloroaniline)(MOCA)
Acrylonitrile
Asbestos
Benzene
Cadmium
Creosote
Crystalline silica
Inorganic arsenic
Inorganic chromium
Inorganic mercury
Isocyanates
Organophosphate pesticides
Pentachlorophenol (PCP)
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)
Thallium
Vinyl chloride
If health surveillance is required by a risk assessment, the department, is required to
–
 arrange and pay for health surveillance that is done or supervised by a
designated doctor
 ask the designated doctor for a health surveillance report
 ask the designated doctor to give the worker a report and an explanation of the
report
 obtain a worker’s medical record only with the worker’s written consent
 disclose the contents of the worker’s medical record only with the worker’s written
consent.
Contact your Regional/Institute Health and Safety Consultant to determine the
necessary health surveillance measures.
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Chapter 3
Record Keeping
1
Documents and Records
The following documents must be part of workplace management practices for
chemicals. The documents are either a specific regulatory requirement or required
through legislation to show how the exposure to risk of injury or illness for workers
using chemicals in the workplace is managed.
1.1
Chemical Risk Assessments
All chemicals that are designated as a hazardous material must have an assessment
of the risk of exposure to users for each particular application of the hazardous
material if there is more than one distinct application. The outcomes of the risk
assessment must be documented, incorporated into safe work procedures and the
risk control measures implemented by responsible persons (refer to Chapter 5 and
Appendix 7 for further information).
1.2
Hazardous Substances/Dangerous Goods Register
Certain information about the hazardous materials stored, handled and used in the
workplace must be recorded in a Hazardous Substances/Dangerous Goods Register
(see Appendix 2a & 2b) and made available to relevant persons when requested.
This information is essential for the health and safety of emergency services workers
responding to emergency situations that may involve chemicals in the workplace.
Material Safety Data Sheets must be obtained for each chemical listed in the
Hazardous Substances/Dangerous Goods Register. Keep a copy of the MSDS with
the Hazardous Substances/Dangerous Goods Register and a second copy close to
where the chemicals are used. MSDS must be less than 5 years old.
1.3
Safe Work Procedures
Safe work procedures should be developed for all activities involving hazardous
materials. These procedures should be based on the outcomes of the risk
assessments, information on labels and in MSDS, operator experience and industry
practice. Chemical users and their supervisors should be trained in the requirements
of the work procedures.
1.4
Maintenance Records
Any equipment operated in the use of chemicals should be well maintained to ensure
safe operation by the user. Records should be kept of any maintenance and repairs
performed on the equipment. Refer to the departmental procedures, ESM-PR-002:
Equipment Management for Schools or ESM-PR-003: Equipment Management for
Business Units, for further information on proper maintenance of equipment.
1.5
Training Records
Records of any training conducted for chemical users and other persons in the
workplace should be maintained by the workplace. The records must contain all the
relevant information about the delivered training including the date of the session, the
topics dealt with, the name of the person who conducted the session, and the names
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Chapter 3
Record Keeping
of the workers who attended. Training records must be kept for a minimum of 5
years.
1.6
Monitoring and Health Surveillance Records
The use of certain chemicals may require monitoring of the users environment during
the use of the chemical or surveillance of the health of the users of the chemical at
regular intervals (refer to Appendix 1 for further information). The monitoring and
surveillance records must be maintained at the workplace. Consider the use of
alternative chemicals to avoid the need for monitoring and surveillance of exposed
workers.
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Record Keeping
Appendix 2a Form 1 - Sample Hazardous Substance/ Dangerous Goods Register
Chemical
Quantity
Room
Hazardous
Substance
DG Class
Sub. Risk
Group
Packaging Code
Hazchem
MSDS
Methylated Spirits
10L
J2
Yes
3
None
II
2[S]E
2007
Nitric acid
5L
C1
Yes
8
5
II
2PE
2004
Sodium nitrate
200g
H5
Yes
5
None
III
1[T]
2005
Phenol
500g
S18
Yes
6.1 (a)
None
II
2X
2004









Hazardous Substance/Dangerous
Goods Register can be used to list all
chemicals
Quantity
containers can
hold – not
quantity in
them.
Requirement for
inventory
purposes.
To help with
inventory
needs.
Is the chemical
a hazardous
substance? See
the MSDS.
Dangerous
Goods Class –
see MSDS
Where the
chemical has a
second, lesser
hazardous
property
The Code is divided
into three groups in
decreasing order of
hazard by numerals:
The
emergency
action code
used by
emergency
services in
fighting
chemical
fires.
Material Safety
Data Sheet –
whether you
have one & what
is the date of
issue – must be
less than 5 years
old.
I (great danger)
II (medium danger)
III (minor danger)
Remember: Not all hazardous substances are dangerous goods and vice versa. However some may be both.
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Chapter 3
Record Keeping
Appendix 2b Form 2 - Hazardous Substance/Dangerous Goods Register
Chemical
Quantity
Room
Hazardous
Substance
DG Class
Sub. Risk
Group
Packaging Code
Hazchem
MSDS









Hazardous Substance/Dangerous
Goods Register can be used to list all
chemicals
Quantity
containers can
hold – not
quantity in
them.
Requirement for
inventory
purposes.
To help with
inventory
needs.
Is the chemical
a hazardous
substance? See
the MSDS.
Dangerous
Goods Class –
see MSDS
Where the
chemical has a
second, lesser
hazardous
property
The Code is divided
into three groups in
decreasing order of
hazard by numerals:
I (great danger)
II (medium danger)
III (minor danger)
The
emergency
action code
used by
emergency
services in
fighting
chemical
fires.
Material Safety
Data Sheet –
whether you
have one & what
is the date of
issue – must be
less than 5 years
old.
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Chapter 4
Purchasing, Storage and Handling
1
Working with Chemicals
When working with chemicals it is essential to be aware that they have the potential
to cause injury or damage in many different ways. However, injury and damage is not
an automatic consequence of the use of chemicals, provided appropriate control
measures are developed that take account of all of the hazards of the chemicals and
the potential exposures to them.
1.1
Purchasing
The following points should be considered prior to the purchase of a chemical in a
departmental workplace:
 Choose the safest chemical for the application by collecting information,
consulting with staff who may be required to use the chemical, reading the MSDS
and conducting risk assessments before the purchase is made;
 Purchase chemicals in small workable amounts to reduce the risks associated
with bulk storage, decanting and waste due to surplus stock or storage past
expiry dates;
 Request a copy of the latest MSDS for the chemical from the supplier and ensure
that a copy of the MSDS is available for the users of the chemical at the location
of use;
 The quantity and type of waste produced;
 New equipment associated with the use of chemicals and maintenance
requirements;
 Any identified controls should be put in place prior to the purchase of a new
chemical; and
 Do not purchase any chemicals prohibited or not recommended by Queensland
legislation or the department. Persons responsible for purchasing chemicals
should be familiar with the list of prohibited chemicals in Appendix 3.
1.2
Storage and Handling
Proper chemical storage is required to minimize the hazards associated with leaks,
spills, and accidental mixing of incompatible chemicals. Only the minimum quantities
of chemicals to allow efficient operation should be stored in departmental
workplaces. The quantities of hazardous materials should be kept to a minimum,
commensurate with their usage and shelf life. Some chemicals degrade in storage
and can become more hazardous (e.g. chloroform can produce phosgene gas from
prolonged storage).
When handling and storing chemicals, the following precautions should be observed:
 ensure chemical containers and their seals or stoppers are appropriate for the
type and quantity of chemical stored. As far as is practicable, chemicals should
be stored in the containers in which they are supplied
 all packages in storage shall be labelled to allow unmistakable identification of
the contents
 storage of chemicals, including wastes, shall be based on the properties and
mutual reactivities of the chemicals. Incompatible chemicals shall be kept
segregated from one another (e.g. by fire isolation in a chemical storage cabinet
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














1.3
or segregation in space). Refer to the Chemical Compatibility and Segregation
Requirements in Appendix 5 for further information
containers shall be kept closed when not in use. Packages should only be
opened in a well-ventilated area, and, if their contents are flammable, away from
any potential ignition sources
where possible, store chemicals on spill trays on shelves or within cabinets and
storage rooms
chemicals should be stored in such a manner that leaks cannot affect other
substances in the store. Liquids should not be stored above powders and solids
packages shall be inspected regularly to ensure their integrity. Leaking or
damaged packages shall be removed to a safe area for repacking or disposal.
Labels shall be reattached or replaced, as necessary, to clearly identify the
contents of the package
procedures shall be established to deal with clean up and safe disposal of
spillages. Supplies and materials needed to control the spillages shall be readily
accessible
chemicals should be stored away from any heating and ignition sources
chemicals which are unstable at ambient temperature shall be kept in a controlled
temperature environment set to maintain an appropriate temperature range.
Reliable alternative safety measures shall be provided for situations when
utilities, such as power, fail
chemicals that can present additional hazards on heating or are dependent on a
stabilising agent to maintain the stability of the chemical shall be clearly identified
sunlight can affect some plastic containers or the chemical contents. Containers
or chemicals that can be affected shall not be stored in a location where they can
be exposed to direct sunlight
chemicals must not be stored with foodstuffs or personal use products
chemicals must not be stored in food/drink containers or containers that are
easily mistaken as food/drink containers.
containers that have held hazardous materials shall be treated as full, unless the
receptacle or package has been rendered free from hazardous materials
regularly review the chemicals held in storage and correctly dispose of those no
longer required
housekeeping standards for chemical storage areas must be maintained at a high
level, in particular keeping areas free of combustible materials and promptly
cleaning up any spilled materials
after handling chemicals, hands should be washed prior to eating or drinking.
Physical Requirements
Where available, chemicals should be stored in a specifically designed enclosed
space, such as chemical storage cabinets or chemical storage rooms. Where
locations were not designed and built for use with the particular hazardous materials,
additional care is required to ensure suitability and that risks are controlled.
The surfaces on which chemicals are to be stored should:
 Be resistant to attack from stored chemicals; and
 Not react dangerously with stored chemicals.
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Minor quantities of hazardous materials may be stored on open shelves or work
benches. However, as storage in an enclosed space provides a higher level of
protection, it is recommended that the quantities stored in the open are kept to a
minimum.
Where containers are kept on shelves in work areas, the shelves should be wider
than the containers to be stored on them. Larger and heavier containers should be
kept at about one metre from the floor to avoid the need for difficult bending to
retrieve them, or the increased risk of their falling if placed on higher shelves.
When storing chemicals on shelves or racks ensure:
 shelving and it’s fixtures are compatible with the goods stored, or suitably
protected from the goods
 the maximum holding capacity of the shelving systems is not exceeded
 shelves used for chemical storage are restrained against lateral movement and
have lips on them to prevent containers being pushed off the shelves.
It is recommended that chemical storage cabinets or chemical storage rooms are
used for the storage of dangerous goods. All chemical storage cabinets and rooms
should have the following attributes:
 lockable to prevent unauthorised entry into the store and use of the chemicals;
the number of access keys should be limited to those workers that use the
chemicals in the store. Security of outdoor storages for gas bottles etc. is also to
prevent unauthorised access and use
 bunding (a physical perimeter to prevent the escape of fluids) to contain any spills
or leaks, prevent environmental contamination and enable chemical recovery or
disposal.
 good lighting and ventilation for the comfort and safety of the user, and clear
bench space for decanting, mixing, cleaning etc.
When determining the location of chemical storage cabinets:
 ensure that within a radius of 10 metres, measured from any one cabinet, the
cabinet storage capacity aggregated for all cabinets in that radius does not
exceed 250L or 250kg.
 the radius is to be measured horizontally through intervening walls, unless those
walls are able to prevent the spreading of a fire of the magnitude that could be
expected to result from the contents of the cabinet/s.
Cabinets are not to be located:
 one above the other
 where they can jeopardize emergency escape (a minimum of 3 metres is
recommended between any cabinet and escape door)
 under stairs or in corridors
 closer than 3 metres to ignition sources other than ceiling lights.
Impervious bunds are to be provided to prevent the spread of product arising from a
spill or leakage. This is most important in order to prevent the spread of fire or other
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Chapter 4
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hazardous condition, and to prevent environmental damage caused by spread to
adjacent water courses or drains. Bunding should be able to contain 100% of the
largest chemical container within the bunded area and at least 25% of all containers
stored within the bunded area. The need for bunding will be determined by
 the level of risk at the storage site
 the type of storage facility
 the type and amount of liquid being stored
 the ability to prevent spills and leaks
 the sensitivity of the environment
 the type of drainage.
It is also good practice to provide bunding for all chemicals stored irrespective of the
size of the containers. For practicality, the bunding for small quantities could be:
 a plastic bag around a small bottle (short term application)
 a sheet metal tray with or without a plastic liner
 a sheet metal tray with absorbent material
 a plastic tray with a liner or absorbent material.
1.4
Separation and Segregation
Separation is the isolation of hazardous materials from people and other property,
including other hazardous materials. Physical separation is the principal method by
which such risks are controlled. Separation fulfils a dual purpose: protecting other
personnel from the hazardous materials; and protecting the hazardous materials from
unwanted access. The use of distance, effective barriers (such as fire rated walls or
vapour barriers) or a combination of both may achieve separation.
Incompatible classes of chemicals must be segregated to prevent any dangerous
reactions. Segregation may be achieved by the use of an impervious barrier or by a
separation distance sufficient to prevent contamination. Detailed information is
provided in Appendix 5 to assist with determining chemical incompatibilities and the
most appropriate storage requirements.
The MSDS is another source of information for determining which classes of
chemicals are not compatible when stored together. The users of chemicals must
take all reasonable steps to ensure that the chemicals stored on site do not present a
risk to health and safety at the workplace by using the separation and segregation
principles to minimise the risk of adverse chemical reactions.
1.5
Labelling and Decanting
Labelling of chemicals is a critical issue because it is the most visible hazard
communication tool. The label is often the first source of information alerting users to
the inherent hazards of a chemical and any instructions for its safe storage, handling
and use. All containers that contain chemicals must be labelled, irrespective of the
size of the container. The label on all chemical containers must be in English and
contain the following:
 full name of the product
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Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
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Chapter 4
Purchasing, Storage and Handling



risk and safety phrases that give information about the chemical’s hazards
the chemical names of hazardous ingredients.
hazard pictograms (eg Dangerous Goods diamonds)
A container that has had chemicals decanted into it must be labelled if the contents
are not used immediately. If the chemicals are to remain in the container for some
time, the container must be labelled with at least the name of the chemical and the
relevant risk and safety phrases and dangerous goods diamonds where applicable.
ChemWatch, ChemAlert and similar chemical MSDS databases can assist with the
production of labels that satisfy these requirements. If the container into which the
hazardous substance is decanted is small, it may not provide sufficient room for label
information. In this case, the label should be attached to a supporting device or
container. For example, in the case of a test tube, the label may be attached to the
test tube rack. Alternatively, a tag with the required label information affixed to the
container may also be used.
Other considerations when decanting a chemical into another container are:
 only decant a chemical if it is necessary to do so
 choose a container that will not react with the chemical
 do not decant into food or drink containers
 only decant sufficient chemical for the immediate use on an individual job.
If a container is not labelled and the contents of the container unknown mark the
container with: “Caution do not use – unknown substance”. The container should
then be stored in a safe area, away from other substances where it cannot be used,
until its contents can be identified and the container appropriately labelled. If the
contents cannot be identified, the container should be disposed of following the
processes outlined in Chapter 6 in this guideline.
1.6
Storage Placarding (Signage)
If the quantities of chemicals stored at a site are below the threshold limits defined in
Appendix 6, the workplace is considered to be a Minor Storage Location. These
storages are not required to have any placarding in accordance with the relevant
legislation. It is recommended that workplaces (other that those with large storage
facilities) reduce the quantities of stored chemicals to ensure the sites chemical
quantities are below the threshold storage limits. A workplace that stores quantities
that exceed the thresholds is considered to be a “Dangerous Goods Location” and
will require specific placarding in accordance with the legislation. For further
information on placarding requirements, refer to Appendix 6. If a particular workplace
is unsure about the requirements for placarding, contact the Regional Health and
Safety Consultants, Institute Health and Safety Managers/Coordinators and the
health and safety staff in the Organisational Health Unit for assistance.
Placarding assists emergency services respond appropriately and safely to
emergencies at Dangerous Goods Locations as it serves to:
 alert emergency services to the presence of hazardous materials
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


1.7
identify areas where significant quantities of hazardous materials in packages are
stored
identify the hazards of goods present
indicate the required emergency actions through the use of the HAZCHEM code.
Transport of Flammable Liquids and Gas
Officers in Charge should manage the following three factors to ensure that staff (e.g.
schools officers and grounds maintenance staff) can safely transport fuel and
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in their private vehicles:

Transport of dangerous goods requirements

Workplace health and safety factors

Private vehicle insurance.
1.7.1 Transport of Dangerous Goods Legislation
The legal quantity limits for transporting dangerous goods such as flammable liquids
and gases in a private vehicle for private use are quite considerable (See Specific
Legislative Requirements further in this document). However it is important that all
risks associated with transporting dangerous goods are managed to minimise the
potential for injuries or illnesses including manual handling.
It is strongly
recommended that:

less than 40 kg/litres of fuel and/or less than 40 kg/litres of gas should be
transported in a private vehicle at any time unless there are lesser limits imposed
by any particular vehicle insurance policy

the goods are packaged and transported appropriately in containers designed for
the particular product (e.g. fuel tanks or gas bottles marked with the relevant
Australian Standard).
1.7.2 Transporting LPG Cylinders in Enclosed Vehicles
Transporting LPG cylinders in enclosed vehicles poses significant additional risks.
Officers in Charge should ensure staff adopt the following requirements:

For enclosed vehicles a person must not carry a cylinder of more than 30L
(16kg) in size

9kg cylinders or larger gas cylinders can only be transported in enclosed vehicles
for the purposes of getting the cylinder refilled (or exchanged). In addition no
more than two cylinders may be transported at the one time

When transporting LPG cylinders make sure the cylinder is stored securely in an
upright position (so it cannot fall over or become a projectile), is placed in the
boot/tray rather than the passenger cabin, and in a way that avoids excess
exposure to sunlight or heat.
Also check that:

the service valve is turned off

the safety relief valve is positioned so that any gas release will not impinge on
another cylinder

the cylinder has a current test date (no more than 10 years)

there is screw plug in the cylinder outlet when not in use.
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Chapter 4
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1.7.3 Workplace Health & Safety Obligations - Workplace Health & Safety Act 1995
Although departmental staff are not technically be required to comply with transport
regulations regarding stowage of fuel and LPG because of the relatively small
volumes that will be transported, as with any load, a person driving a vehicle should
ensure that the load is secure. This will require any load to be restrained so that it
will not tip over and spill its contents as a result of normal vehicle operation or an
accident. The load is to be carried outside the passenger cab of the vehicle. That is
it must be secured in the luggage boot, open tray of a utility or in a trailer being towed
by a vehicle.
Workplaces should be conducting risk assessments to ensure that the best practice
possible is being used for this activity. For example consideration of quantities
purchased and stowed, vehicle used, securing the load, manual handling of the
goods to load and unload etc. The risks may be eliminated by organising for the
delivery of fuels/gases.
Staff should obtain the written approval of, or direction, from their officer in charge to
purchase the fuel and to transport it in their personal vehicle. This will provide
documentation confirming both the work activity and the transport method. Similar to
any other work task, should an injury occur during this activity the staff member will
be afforded protection under the department’s workers’ compensation policy.
1.7.4
Insurance
Staff who use their private vehicle to undertake official duties are to be paid a motor
vehicle allowance (refer to Public Service Directive – Motor Vehicle Allowances for
further information). Staff are entitled to claim a Kilometric Allowance in accordance
with this directive and departmental policy. Staff should obtain written approval from
their supervisor/officer in charge prior to using their private vehicle for work related
duties. Before getting this authorisation, staff are to:

ensure that the vehicle is covered by either a comprehensive motor vehicle
insurance policy or a third party property damage insurance policy

produce evidence that the insurance policy has been endorsed to indemnify the
Queensland Government against certain liabilities at law. This is a standard
endorsement available on request from all insurance companies. Staff are also
required to provide a Certificate of Currency for the motor vehicle insurance
policy.
The insurance company may charge a fee to supply this endorsement. The Public
Service Directive also states that the department should refund any endorsement
fees that might be charged by an insurance company.
Staff are to seek advice from their own insurer regarding the type and amount of
cover in their current insurance policies. Each staff member is to confirm whether:
 their policies cover use of their personal vehicle for work purposes
 the effect an accident would have on any no claim bonus
 the extent of cover if the vehicle is involved in an incident while being used for
work
 the extent of cover if fuels being transported explode or burst into flames.
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1.7.5
Specific Legislative Requirements
The Transport Operations (Road Use Management—Dangerous Goods) Regulation
1998 provides the following information with regard to the issue of staff carrying
containers of fuel and LPG in their personal vehicle for use at the workplace in
departmental machinery and equipment.
s11 Transport of small quantities
This regulation does not apply to the transport by a person of a load of dangerous
goods by road if:
(a) the goods are packaged dangerous goods (e.g. more than 400 litres/kg of
specified goods)
(b) the goods are not, and do not include, designated dangerous goods
(c) the aggregate quantity of the dangerous goods in the load is less than 25% of a
placard load
(d) the goods are not being transported by the person in the course of a business of
transporting goods by road.
In this section, designated dangerous goods means dangerous goods of class 1
(except of class 1.4S), class 6.2 or class 7.
A Queensland Transport document “Transporting Dangerous Goods – Guide to new
requirements” offers the following guidance:
“A person who is not in the business of transporting dangerous goods by road may
transport for personal or business use up to 25% of a placard load of dangerous
goods without being subject to the regulations covering dangerous goods. Examples
of this could include
• a boat owner transporting fuel for power boat use
• a pool owner transporting chlorine home from the supermarket
• a salesperson transporting chemical samples
• a painter transporting paint for trade use
• a plumber transporting an oxy set for trade use.
But remember: any person transporting dangerous goods still has a duty to do so
carefully and safely.”
Staff are extremely unlikely to purchase and transport fuel in large quantities or
greater than 25% of a placard load (250 kg/litres for flammable gas or PG I products
or 1000 kg/litres of any other dangerous goods like fuels). They are therefore
exempt from the regulations of transporting dangerous goods under this condition.
s123 Driver’s duty
A person must not drive a vehicle transporting dangerous goods by road if the person
knows, or reasonably ought to know, the goods are not stowed on the vehicle and
secured as stated in the Australian Dangerous Goods (ADG) Code. The ADG Code
is a national standard on road and rail transport of dangerous goods in Australia.
More information is also provided in the Safe Transportation of LPG cylinders
provided by Department of Mines and Energy:
http://www.dme.qld.gov.au/zone_files/petroleum_pdf/info_cylindertransport.pdf
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Appendix 3
Workplaces
Prohibited Chemicals in Departmental
A number of chemicals are banned from purchase and use in departmental
workplaces because of their inherent risks to staff, students and others. The
prohibited chemicals are listed by occupation or student groups.
All Staff
Asbestos containing materials
CCA treated timber
Schools Officers (EQ schools)
Schedule 6 poisons
Schedule 7 poisons
Organophosphate pesticides
Creosote
2,4-D based herbicides
Cleaners (EQ Schools)
Bleach
School Cleaners must only use chemicals listed on the preferred supplier agreement
provided by the department (i.e. chemicals ordered by each site through the relevant
regional based School Cleaning Advisor). If a worksite wishes to purchase a
chemical that is not on preferred supplier agreement list, the worksite must obtain
approval from the relevant regional based School Cleaning Advisor.
Students (EQ Schools)
Potassium chlorate in the preparation of oxygen with manganese dioxide as a
catalyst (potentially explosive)
Benzene
Carbon tetrachloride
A number of other substances pose potentially major risks and schools should
consider very carefully whether the curriculum relevance of experiments and
demonstrations involving these substances is sufficient to warrant their being
stocked. In such cases, minimum quantities should be obtained, stored and used.
Such substances include:
 mercury (Mercury might be required for some senior chemistry and physics
experiments/ demonstrations (e.g. manometers/barometers), and mercury
thermometers might be necessary for senior classes, but generally the use of
mercury should be limited. Primary and lower secondary students can use
alcohol thermometers or digital devices in most circumstances)
 mercuric salts and the salts of other heavy metals
 very strong oxidising agents (e.g. sodium dithionite)
 very strong reducing agents (e.g. ferrocyanide)
 very strong caustic/corrosive agents (e.g. perchloric acid)
 very toxic substances (e.g. ammonium dichromate).
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Refer to ‘Aspects of Science: A reference manual for schools’ for further information
regarding the management of chemicals in school science laboratories.
See Chapter 6 for disposal information.
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Appendix 4 Dangerous Goods Classification
Dangerous Goods are chemicals that have the potential to present an immediate
threat to people, property or the environment. They are classified into nine categories
according to the predominant type of hazard. The Dangerous Goods classifications
are:
Class 1 Explosives - substances that contain a great amount of stored energy
that can produce an explosion, a sudden expansion of the material after initiation,
usually accompanied by the production of light, heat, sound, and pressure.
Examples are ammunition, fireworks, detonators.
Class 2 Gases - may be lighter or heavier than air. Heavier than air gases can
collect in low lying areas such as pits, depressions, and drains. Gases can be
supplied as either compressed (e.g. aerosols), liquefied, refrigerated liquefied or gas
in solutions. This class has 3 divisions:



Division 2.1 – flammable gases i.e. butane, propane, acetylene, hydrogen, LPG
Division 2.2 – non-flammable, non-toxic gases i.e. oxygen, nitrogen,
compressed air
Division 2.3 – toxic gases i.e. chlorine, ammonia, carbon monoxide
Class 3 Flammable liquids - Flammable liquids produce vapour that can be
ignited in air on contact with a suitable ignition source. By definition these must have
a flash point of less
than or equal to 60.5 degrees Celsius. Examples are petrol and alcohol, acetone,
thinners, kerosene.
Class 4 Flammable solids - substances liable to spontaneous combustion and
substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases. This class has 3
divisions:



Division 4.1 – flammable solids such as hexamine solid fuel tablets for camping
stoves, self-reactive substances and desensitised explosives, magnesium,
metal powders, sulphur, activated charcoal.
Division 4.2 – substances liable to spontaneous combustion under normal
conditions such as Phosphorus which burns by itself when exposed to air,
sodium sulphide
Division 4.3 – substances which come in contact with water emit flammable
gases i.e. “Dangerous when wet”. Examples are sodium, zinc particles,
calcium carbide, alkali metals etc.
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Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
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Chapter 4
Purchasing, Storage and Handling
Class 5.1 Oxidising substances - substances which in themselves are not
necessarily combustible, but which by yielding oxygen may cause or contribute to
the combustion of other material. Examples are pool chlorine, sodium peroxide,
potassium permanganate, ammonium nitrate fertiliser.
Class 5.2 Organic peroxides - organic chemicals containing the peroxy group (OO-). These are thermally unstable substances which may undergo heat
generating, self accelerating decomposition – which may be explosive, rapid,
sensitive to impact or friction or react dangerously with other substances. Examples
are hydrogen peroxide and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP).
Class 6.1 Toxic substances - those substances which are liable to cause death
or injury if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin. Examples are
pesticides and poisons such as cyanide, paraquat and arsenic compounds.
Class 6.2 infectious substances - those substances known or reasonably
expected to contain pathogens including bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi,
clinical or medical waste.
Class 7 Radioactive material – those substances that contain unstable
(radioactive) atoms that give off [ionizing] radiation as they decay i.e. uranium,
tritium, thorium.
Class 8 Corrosives
destruction of
-
substances capable of causing the degradation and
living tissue, steel and other materials on contact. In the event of a leakage,
corrosives can cause severe damage when in contact with living tissue or materially
damage other property. Corrosive materials are either acids or bases/alkalis.
Examples are nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, caustic soda, liquid chlorine, mercury
and car batteries.
Class 9 Miscellaneous - comprises substances and articles that present a danger
not
offered by other classes, including asbestos, magnetic articles, molten bitumen, dry
ice (Solid carbon dioxide).
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Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
Workplaces (HLS-PR-006)
Chapter 4
Purchasing, Storage and Handling
Appendix 5 Chemical Compatibility and
Segregation Requirements
Application
This tool is only intended for use in workplaces where dangerous goods are stored. It
is not intended for transport situations where the Australian Dangerous Goods (ADG)
Code should apply. It is not intended for application against open (in use) packages
kept on a shelf or bench top within a laboratory, workshop or similar situation. The
segregation chart is provided to assist occupiers of storage locations to better
minimise the risk of storing incompatible goods.
Radioactive materials (class 7) and explosives (class 1) should be deemed
incompatible with all other dangerous goods.
Directions for use

Identify if the material is a dangerous goods or combustible liquid. A
combustible liquid has a flashpoint above 61 degrees Celsius using the
MSDS/label.

Identify the class, subsidiary risk and packing group (where relevant) of each of
the two dangerous goods you intend to store together.

Where goods are also combustible liquids this should be regarded as a
"subsidiary risk" for consideration.

Use the chart below to ensure that the goods and or combustible liquids are
compatible by aligning where the vertical and horizontal axis meet, (see key).

Check and repeat this process for any subsidiary risks that either of the goods
may have.

It is recommended that an MSDS be consulted to ensure the materials are
compatible. Goods with different UN numbers within the same class may be
incompatible.

Follow directions provided using the compatibility chart key, checking all
guidance notes and supplementary notes.

Where goods are incompatible consider greater separation if the packing group
is PG I or II irrespective of the symbol used to account for the higher level of
danger.
Compatible goods
Two or more goods are compatible provided that their interaction does not give rise
to any of the following outcomes:

Harm to persons, property or the environment.

Fire, or explosion, generation of toxic, flammable or corrosive vapours/gases.

Accelerate the combustion of other goods/liquids in the event of fire.

Release of the contents results in the premature degradation/corrosion of other
dangerous goods or combustible liquids' packaging/means of containment.

During the event of a fire/spill/release, the interaction of dangerous
goods/combustible liquids with incompatible fire fighting or dispersal media.
Some materials are water reactive and should be stored away from other
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Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
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Chapter 4
Purchasing, Storage and Handling
goods that are reliant on water or foam as a fire fighting/dispersal/suppression
media).
Compatibility chart key
Symbol
Meaning

May be compatible in many cases with exceptions. Follow the alphabetical
compatible goods guidance notes.

Likely to be incompatible. Segregation strongly recommended, follow the
segregation of guidance notes for incompatible goods.
Table 1 - Compatibility and segregation chart
Class of
goods
2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3
SR
5.1
3
2.1











A
B
S1
S1 S2 S2
S4
S5
S2
S4
S1 S1
C
2.2











 
B
A
B
S1 S2 S2
S4
S5
B
S4
B
S1
C
2.2
SR 5.1











 
S1
B
B
S1 S2 S2
S4
S5
S2
S4
C
S1
C
2.3
3
4.1
4.2
4.3
5.1
5.2
6.1



4.1 4.2 4.3 5.1 5.2 6.1
8
9
Combustible
liquids

 
S2
S2
S2











 
S1
S1
S1
I
S2 S2
S4
S5
S2
S4
C
S1
C
S2











  
S2
S2
S2
S2
A
S3
S4
S5
S2
S4
S3
B
B
B











  
S2
S2
S2
S2 S2
A
S4
S5
S2
S4
S3
B

B
S2










  
S4
S4
S4
S4 S4 S4
A
S5
S4
S4
S4
B
B

 

S4










S5
S5
S5
S5 S5 S5
S5
A
S5
S5
S5 S5
G S5











 
S2
B
S2
S2 S2 S2
S4
S5
D
S4
C
S3
C

 


S3










S4
S4
S4
S4 S4 S4
S4
S5
S4
E
CE S4 CE S4











  
S1
B
C
C
S3 S3
S4
S5
C
CE
A
H
B
S3











  
S1
S1
S1
S1
B
B
B
S5
S3
S4
H
F











  
C
C
C
C
B
B
B
G
C
CE
B
C
A
Combustible 
liquids
S2











 
S2
S2
S2
B
S2
S4
S5
S3
S4
S3 S3
8
9
34
C
B
S3
B
A
Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
Workplaces (HLS-PR-006)
Chapter 4
Purchasing, Storage and Handling
Segregation guidance notes for incompatible goods
S1
Segregate these goods by 3m or more in a well ventilated area. For liquid
dangerous goods the distance is measured from the edge of the spill catchment
area. See supplementary notes 6 and 7.
S2
Segregate by 5 m or more. If one of the dangerous goods is a liquid, measure the
distance from the edge of the spill catchment area. Liquid dangerous goods should
be located within a separate spill catchment area. See supplementary notes 6 and
7.
S3
Segregate by 3 m or more for PG III goods and 5m or more for PG II, PG I goods or
where the goods may react dangerously. If both are solids then a minimum of 1m
separation may be used. Where one of the goods is a liquid the distance is
measured from the edge of the spill catchment area. See supplementary notes 6
and 7.
S4
Segregation preferred by the use of fire-rated partitioned areas. Consider use of
separate detached building for organic peroxides and for highly pyrophoric class 4.2
goods.
S5
Segregation of class 4.3 preferred by use of a separate, detached building without
water based fire suppression system.
Compatible goods guidance notes
A.
In most cases materials of the same class will be compatible. However, not all
materials with different UN Numbers will always be compatible. The MSDS should be
checked.
B.
In many cases the goods will be compatible. Must check for subsidiary risk
compatibility. Please check the MSDS.
C.
If one of the goods present is also a "fire risk substance" (one of class 2.1, 3, 4, 5, a
combustible liquid or has a subsidiary risk of one of these) or elevated temperature
goods, segregation is required by at least 3 m or more. Sub-risk MUST be considered.
Check the MSDS.
D.
Not all class 5.1 goods are compatible as follows:
o
Ammonium nitrate is not compatible with tetranitromethane, dichloroisocyanuric
acid, any bromate, chlorate, chlorite, hypochlorites, or chloroisocyanurate, or any
inorganic nitrate; and
o
Calcium hypochlorite (and its mixtures) are incompatible with dichloroisocyanuric
acid, ammonium nitrate, or any chloroisocyanurate.
E.
Organic peroxides are highly reactive materials. Please check the MSDS to ensure
compatibility.
F.
Where one of the goods to be stored together is a concentrated strong acid and the
other a concentrated strong alkali, they should be deemed incompatible.
G.
Class 4.3 goods must not be stored next to goods that are in a solution containing
water, or where water or foam is the chosen fire fighting/spill/leak dispersal or
suppression media for the storage.
H.
Except where the class 6.1 is cyanide and the class 8 an acid. Please check the
MSDS.
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Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
Workplaces (HLS-PR-006)
Chapter 4
Purchasing, Storage and Handling
I.
Toxic gases ammonia and chlorine must be segregated due to risk of explosion. It is
important to refer to the MSDS for incompatibilities within this class division. It is
strongly recommended that each different toxic gas (Class 2.3) be segregated unless
information in the MSDS says otherwise.
Supplementary notes for use with segregation tool
1.
Class 2 dangerous goods are generally not recommended to be stored with any other
class of dangerous goods particularly flammable dangerous goods due to the risk of
flame impingement. Corrosive goods can cause damage to the gas cylinder walls and
thus should be kept away from class 2. In a fire gas cylinders need to have copious
quantities of water applied to keep them cool. Toxic gases are stored away from other
gases to minimise the release of toxic gases in a fire.
2.
Class 6.1 dangerous goods are not recommended to be stored with fire risk goods or
gas cylinders. In the event of a fire, the toxic material will be liberated and may be
spread more effectively due to the heat of the fire or explosion of gas cylinders.
3.
Two or more goods within the same class with incompatible subsidiary risk should be
kept apart.
4.
The packing group (PG) of dangerous goods denotes the magnitude of danger the
material poses from its hazard. PGI is most dangerous. PG II these are more
dangerous than PG III. If one of the incompatible materials is a PGI or II dangerous
goods it is recommended that a greater segregation distance or other means of
segregation is employed.
5.
If class 4.3 dangerous goods are stored or handled care needs to be taken to
segregate these away from all containers of aqueous (water containing) solutions even
if the solutions are not dangerous goods. The areas these materials are stored in must
not be serviced by a water based fire suppression system.
6.
If one of the incompatible goods is a liquid OR a solid that is likely to melt from the heat
of a fire, separate spill catchment systems or means of separating the incompatible
goods must be considered. Solid dangerous goods should not be stored in direct
contact with floor surface to avoid contact with liquids.
7.
Fire rated walls constructed of appropriate impervious, chemically resistant materials
may be used if provided with an FRL of 240/240/240. Timber structures are not
appropriate barriers.
8.
In the case of incompatible gases in cylinders intended for use in welding (such as
acetylene and oxygen), these gases may be stored together in a purpose built cradle
and separated when not in use for extended periods of time.
9.
For oxidizing agents: although only dangerous goods and combustible liquids feature
in the compatibility chart care must also be taken to segregate oxidizers from those
dangerous goods and other materials that are combustible in nature (e.g. polymeric
beads, cotton bales, excess packing materials). Chlorine and some other halogens are
considered potent oxidizers even though their class and assigned with any oxidizing
agent subsidiary risk under the dangerous goods classification system.
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Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
Workplaces (HLS-PR-006)
Chapter 4
Purchasing, Storage and Handling
Appendix 6
Goods
Placarding Thresholds for a Dangerous
Minor Storage
This table is to be used to determine if a departmental workplace is considered to be a dangerous goods minor
storage or a dangerous goods location under the Dangerous Goods Safety Management legislation. A departmental
workplace may be required to implement considerable administrative measures if the storage thresholds for a
dangerous goods minor storage are exceeded.
Item
Stated dangerous goods or
combustible liquids
1
Class 2
2
3
4(a)
4(b)
Packaging Group
Threshold Quantities
Class 2.1
Not Applicable
500 L
Class 2.2 - Subsidiary Risk 5.1
Not Applicable
2 000 L
Class 2.2 – Other
Not Applicable
5 000 L
Class 2.3
Not Applicable
50 L
Aerosols
Not Applicable
5 000 L
Cryogenic Fluids
Not Applicable
1 000 L
Any one of class 3, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3,
5.1, 5.2, 6.1 or 8
I
50 kg or L
II
250 kg or L
III
1 000 kg or L
Mixed Packaging groups in a
single class with the quantity of
each packaging group below
the quantity specified for the
packaging group.
1 000 kg or L
II
1 000 kg or L
III
5 000 kg or L
Mixed packaging groups in
class 9 with the quantity of
each packaging group below
the quantity specified for the
packaging group.
5 000 kg or L
Mixed classes of stated dangerous
goods where none of the classes,
types or packaging groups (if any)
present exceeds the quantities
specified in items 1, 2 and 3 of this
table.
Not Applicable
2 000 kg or L
Mixed classes of stated dangerous
goods where none of the classes,
types or packaging groups (if any)
present exceeds the quantities
specified in items 1, 2 and 3 of this
table.
Not Applicable
Class 9
Where the quantity specified in this
schedule for each of the classes is 2
000 kg or L or less.
5 000 kg or L
Where the quantity specified in this
schedule for the one or more of the
classes is 5 000 kg or L and
placarding is not required for Items
1, 2, 3 and 4(a).
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Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
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Chapter 4
Purchasing, Storage and Handling
5
Goods too dangerous to be
transported
Not Applicable
5 kg or L
6
Combustible liquids with fire risk
dangerous goods
Not Applicable
1 000 kg or L
Includes both C1 and C2
7
C1 combustible liquids
Not Applicable
10 000 L in a tank
50 000 L in packages
50 000 L in tanks and packages
combined provided the quantity of
the C1s in the tanks does not
exceed 10 000 L
If a departmental workplace stores chemicals in quantities greater than the threshold
quantities for a dangerous goods minor storage, the workplace must determine the
dangerous goods location placarding requirements using the steps shown below.
Determining Dangerous Goods Location Placarding Requirements
Step 1 Conduct a survey of all chemicals at the workplace
This step should be done at the same time as the survey of chemicals during the risk
assessment process.
Step 2 Determine their dangerous goods classifications
Refer to the MSDS and chemical container labels for information on whether the
chemical has a dangerous goods classification. The classification is usually depicted
by a coloured diamond symbol and numerical descriptor.
Step 3 Determine compliance with storage thresholds
Total all surveyed quantities of dangerous goods within each classification and
compare to the threshold limits in Table 1. If the stored quantities do not exceed the
threshold limits, the workplace is considered to be a Minor Storage Location and is
not subject to any further legislative requirements under the Dangerous Goods
legislation.
If a threshold limit is exceeded, the workplace will be considered to be a Dangerous
Goods Location. The workplace will be required to implement some legislative
requirements for the safe management of dangerous goods if these requirements
have not already been put in place. The workplace should consider reducing the
volumes of chemicals stored so that the requirements of the Dangerous Goods
legislation are not applicable.
Step 4 Conduct a risk assessment
Ensure a risk assessment has been conducted for all dangerous goods stored at a
Dangerous Goods Location. Refer to Chapter 5 and Appendix 7 of this guideline for
further information on conducting risk assessments.
Step 5 Minimise the quantities of goods stored
A DET workplace that has been categorised as a Dangerous Goods Location
should try to minimise the quantities of chemicals stored so that thresholds
are not exceeded. The management of these chemicals should be discussed with
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Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
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Chapter 4
Purchasing, Storage and Handling
the supplier to ensure that operations are not put at risk by reducing the quantities of
chemicals on site.
Step 6 Contact authorities for further advice
If a DET workplace classifies itself as a Dangerous Goods Location or is unsure
about the application of the thresholds, the workplace should contact the Workplace
Health and Safety Officer or Regional/Institute Health and Safety Consultant for more
information about the implementation of the minimum requirements.
Step 7 Placarding (Signage)
If the quantities of chemicals stored at a site are below the threshold limits defined in
Appendix 5, the workplace is considered to be a Minor Storage Location and is not
required to have any placarding required by the Dangerous Goods legislation. A
workplace that stores quantities that exceed the thresholds is considered to be a
“Dangerous Goods Storage” and will require specific placarding in accordance with
the legislation. Placard requirements are explained in a Dangerous Goods Safety
Management Information Paper. This document can be accessed at the following
link:
http://www.deir.qld.gov.au/workplace/resources/pdfs/chem/dgsm-infopaper1placarding.pdf
If a particular workplace is unsure about the requirements for placarding, contact
your Regional Health and Safety Consultants, Institute Health and Safety
Managers/Coordinators and the health and safety staff in the Organisational Health
Unit. Further assistance can be obtained from the Hazardous Industries and
Chemicals Branch, Department of Justice and Attorney-General via the Infoline 1300
369 915, or by email: [email protected].
39
Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
Workplaces (HLS-PR-006)
Chapter 5
Risk Management
1
Chemical Risk Management
By their very nature, some chemicals can pose significant risks to the health and safety of those
exposed to them. In the workplace, staff need to be able to control any exposure to these chemicals
to minimise or eliminate the risk of injury or illness. The following issues should be considered when
chemicals are used in the workplace:
 how chemicals should be used
 how persons are exposed to chemicals
 whether the risk from the chemical is significant
 how exposure to chemicals in the workplace should be controlled.
The users of chemicals need to ensure that a sound risk management process is in place to identify
and manage the risks by undertaking a chemical risk assessment before using any chemical product.
Assessing and managing the risk must take into account all of the following:
 identification of hazardous materials used in the workplace
 assessment of the risk from their variety of uses
 determination and implementation of appropriate control measures so that they can be handled
and used safely
 training, monitoring and health surveillance
 review and monitoring of the effectiveness of the control measures used.
1.1
Process for Conducting a Risk Assessment for the Use of Chemicals
It is recognised that it may not be possible to undertake an assessment of all chemicals in a
workplace in a single assessment. On the other hand it may not be practical to assess every
chemical individually. If the workplace is divided into work units, tasks or processes, it is then
possible to undertake risk assessments of the processes and the group of chemicals utilised in each
process. (e.g. spraying of herbicides). The steps below outline the process for conducting a chemical
risk assessment.
 Step 1 - Decide who will do the risk assessment
 Step 2 - Identify chemicals used in the work
 Step 3 - Determine if the chemicals are hazardous
 Step 4 - Obtain information about hazardous materials
 Step 5 - Inspect workplace and evaluate worker exposure
 Step 6 - Evaluate the risk and determine conclusions about the risk
 Step 7 - Implement control measures to address actions required from risk management
 Step 8 - Record the Assessment
 Step 9 - Review the Control Measures
Appendices 7, 8 and 9 provide more detailed explanation of the chemical risk assessment process,
including a template for conducting a risk assessment for activities involving the use of chemicals
and a risk assessment flowchart.
40
Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
Workplaces (HLS-PR-006)
Chapter 5
Risk Management
1.2
Chemical Pesticide Management
Pesticides are introduced into the environment with the intention of killing, repelling or inhibiting the
growth or reproduction of pests, including insects, weeds, rodents, fungi, molluscs (snails) and algae.
Pesticides are classified in terms of the type of living organism they are effective against such as
insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides and algaecides. No pesticide is unconditionally
dangerous, or completely safe in all circumstances. The risk to humans arising from the use of a
pesticide depends on the hazard created by the chemical, and the extent of exposure to the
chemical. Before purchasing and applying pesticides, staff should consider the various options and
choose the least hazardous product that will be effective in managing the pest.
Some departmental workplaces may be required to comply with specific requirements of legislation
for the distribution of herbicides when controlling weeds. The need for compliance is dependent on
location within certain defined zones in Queensland and the method of application. For further
details about legislative requirements, refer to the fact sheet “Herbicide Distribution” found on the
department’s Creating Healthier Workplaces Internet site:
http://education.qld.gov.au/health/pdfs/herbicide-distribution-factsheet.pdf
Workplaces are encouraged to adopt an environmentally sensitive approach to pest control which
aims to prevent unacceptable levels of pest damage by the most economical means, and with the
least hazards to people, property and the environment, referred to as an Integrated Pest
Management (IPM) approach. For more information please refer Pest Management in Schools
guideline at: http://www.apvma.gov.au/use_safely/schools.php
41
Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
Workplaces (HLS-PR-006)
Chapter 5
Risk Management
Appendix 7
Chemical Risk Assessments
Process for Conducting a Risk Assessment for the Use of Chemicals
Step 1 - Decide who will do the risk assessment
Risk assessments should be conducted by those individuals who are undertaking work with
chemicals as they have the greatest knowledge of the context in which the chemicals are used, and
what control options may be available to manage the risk to an acceptable level. However, the
overriding responsibility for the accuracy and appropriateness of the assessment is held by the
supervisor/manager. Where necessary, risk assessments can be undertaken by a group of people in
order to reduce the subjectivity of the risk assessment and to achieve the necessary training
objectives at the same time.
The person/s who conduct the assessment should have sufficient knowledge and skills to evaluate
the health risks to workers arising from the use of hazardous materials. It should be noted that it is
not appropriate for the workplace health and safety officer or someone unfamiliar with the process to
be solely conducting the risk assessment.
Step 2 - Identify chemicals used in the work
Describe the activity details, including the purpose of the activity, the location/s, who will be
conducting the activity and the frequency and duration of the activity. Providing a detailed activity
description is designed to ensure that all personnel are acquainted with the correct steps to complete
the activity and any precautions required for handling the hazardous materials. Examples of the
minimum equipment/facilities required to safely manage an activity are included in the risk
assessment template.
For each process identify all the substances that are, or will be, used or produced. When identifying
the chemicals used, stored or produced in the activity, it is important to recognise that they could
exist in various states or forms – solid, liquid, gas, vapour, dust, mist or fume. Each state of matter
must be individually considered.
Staff conducting a chemical survey in a workplace area should use the form in Appendix 8 in this
guideline to document the chemicals identified.
Step 3 - Determine if the chemicals are hazardous
Refer to the MSDS and chemical container labels for information on whether each chemical is a
hazardous substance or dangerous good. The dangerous good classification is usually depicted by a
coloured diamond symbol and numerical descriptor (refer to Appendix 4 for more information).
Ensure the physical properties and physico-chemical hazards (e.g. toxic, corrosive, irritant,
carcinogen, etc) information, where relevant, from the “Identification”, “Health Hazards”,
“Precautions”, “Precautions for use” and “Safe Handling” sections of the MSDS are considered. All
identified hazardous materials must be included on the Hazardous Substances/Dangerous Goods
Register (Appendices 2a and 2b in this guideline) and a copy of the MSDS must be obtained.
It will often be necessary to differentiate between the concentrated or pure chemical and the working
solutions. Diluted solutions will present a considerably reduced level of risk and in many cases they
may no longer be considered to be hazardous materials. Separate assessments may be required for
preparation of working solutions and the use of these solutions.
42
Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
Workplaces (HLS-PR-006)
Chapter 5
Risk Management
Step 4 - Obtain information about hazardous materials
Information should be obtained about the hazardous nature/s of the chemicals, routes of exposure,
recommended control measures and other action to prevent or minimise risks. For the majority of risk
assessments, container labels and MSDSs will provide this information. Databases such as
ChemWatch and ChemAlert may assist with the collection of information.
Step 5 - Inspect workplace and evaluate worker exposure
Information should be sought to answer the following questions when inspecting and evaluating
worker exposure during work processes involving hazardous materials.
Step 5(a) - Is the hazardous material released or emitted into the work area?
Look for evidence that workers are being directly exposed to uncontrolled hazardous materials
during a work process or are showing symptoms of exposure. In determining whether a hazardous
material is released or emitted into a work area, the following should be considered:
 evidence of contamination, that is dust or fumes visible in the air or on surfaces, substance
visible on a person’s skin or clothing, odour, visible leaks, spills or residues
 handling substances, for example, powders not in containers
 chemical splashes
 worker’s experience or symptoms of exposure.
Step 5(b) - Are workers exposed to the hazardous material through inhalation, ingestion, skin or eye
contact?
It is important to identify the types of exposure which might affect workers. Workers in different jobs
may face different types of exposure to the same chemical. People may be exposed by:
 working directly with the hazardous material
 working near or passing through areas in which the hazardous material is stored or being used
 cleaning or maintenance work in areas where a hazardous material might be present.
Step 5(c) - Are workers and others exposed to hazardous materials and for how long?
It is important to identify the amount of hazardous materials workers are exposed to and the length of
time over which exposure occurs. In identifying how much and for how long, ask:
 Does exposure occur intermittently or continuously?
 Does exposure occur frequently?
 What are the different routes of exposure?
 How many workers and other people (members of the public) are exposed?
If monitoring is required it should be carried out by a person who has sufficient knowledge, skills and
experience in the techniques and procedures.
Step 5(d) - What control measures are used or proposed? Are the existing control measures
effective, properly used and maintained?
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Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
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Chapter 5
Risk Management
All existing control measures must be identified and consideration given to any proposed control
measures to minimise or eliminate the exposure of a worker to hazardous materials. During a walkthrough inspection, the following points should be considered:
 are any engineering controls in place, such as, isolation or enclosure of processes?
 are general ventilation and local exhaust systems effective and adequately maintained?
 are workers trained in the proper use and maintenance of control measures?
 do work practices ensure safe handling?
 are appropriate personal protective clothing and equipment used and maintained in a clean and
effective condition?
 are facilities for changing, washing and eating meals in good condition? Good personal hygiene
practices can substantially reduce a worker’s exposure to a hazardous material.
 are good housekeeping practices in place?
 are all hazardous materials stored correctly?
 is disposal of waste appropriate?
 are appropriate emergency procedures and equipment in place (eg eye wash facilities, safety
shower)?
Step 5(e) - Are there any risks associated with the storage and handling of the hazardous material?
The risk associated with the storage and handling of a hazardous material in the workplace often
relates to spillage and fire. Under these circumstances, workers might be exposed briefly but at high
concentrations to the substance or by-products of the product as a result of spillage or fire.
Step 6 - Evaluate the risk and determine conclusions about the risk
The information from the previous steps will provide the necessary information to establish:
 the nature and severity of the hazard for each hazardous material
 the degree of exposure of persons in the workplace
 whether existing control measures adequately control exposure.
It is now possible to settle on a conclusion about the acceptability of risks of using a hazardous
material given the consistent application of all existing and proposed control measures. Consultation
should take place to decide if the risk is significant. Deciding on a particular conclusion will require
the execution of some actions.
Conclusion 1: Low Risk - risks are NOT SIGNIFICANT
This conclusion applies where it is unlikely that the use of the hazardous material will adversely
affect the health of persons at the workplace and the risk is not likely to increase. For example:
 the amounts or rate of use of a hazardous material are too small to constitute a risk, even if
controls fail
 the operation strictly conforms to the information contained in the MSDS and label
 assessments in the past have confirmed the risks were not significant, and work conditions now
are the same.
The actions that should be undertaken when the conclusion is low risk:
 consider if the risk is likely to become significant in the future
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Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
Workplaces (HLS-PR-006)
Chapter 5
Risk Management



the control measures on the MSDS are mandatory
determine if training/instruction is required
ensure all necessary documentation is completed and held on file.
However, as knowledge changes, MSDS and product content change and exposure standards
change, a review will be needed when new MSDS are issued or legislation changes.
Conclusion 2: Medium Risk - risks are SIGNIFICANT but effectively controlled
This conclusion usually applies to conditions where serious health effects could result if the control
measures fail or deteriorate. This usually results from the use of a highly toxic hazardous material or
where the potential exposure is high. Risks, while at present are adequately controlled, could
increase in the future, as a result of, for example:
 undetected deterioration in the efficiency of control measures
 plant including PPE or system failure
 control measures not used properly
 human error from lack of awareness
 ineffective monitoring
 insufficient or lack of ongoing training
 changes in methods or rate of work
 a significant increase in the quantity of hazardous materials used.
The actions required are:
 consider if the risk is likely to become significant in the future
 ensure control measures are in place and review existing control measures as necessary:
consider elimination or substitution of the substance.
 formulate/implement training programs
 ensure all necessary documentation is completed and held on file.
Conclusion 3: High Risk - risks are SIGNIFICANT now, and not effectively controlled
The following indicates where the use of a hazardous material is likely to constitute a risk and further
investigation may be necessary if:
 dusts, mists or fumes are visible in the air (i.e. in light beams) and there are persistent or
widespread complaints of illness, discomfort, irritation or excessive odour
 hazardous materials are splashed (i.e. when decanting or diluting products)
 control measures are broken, defective or badly maintained, for example a poorly maintained
extraction system that no longer draws substances away from the work area
 recognised safe work practices are not being observed
 airborne concentrations approach or exceed exposure standards
 ill-health associated with exposure has been detected by health surveillance
 results of biological monitoring indicates workers are at risk.
The actions required are:
 identify and implement immediate measures for preventing or controlling exposure, where
necessary
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Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
Workplaces (HLS-PR-006)
Chapter 5
Risk Management



formulate new control measures to manage risks and re-evaluate until the risk rating is Low or
Medium and implement the appropriate actions
determine if monitoring or health surveillance is required
ensure all necessary documentation is completed and held on file.
Conclusion 4: Extreme Risk – risks are SIGNIFICANT now and/or uncertain about risks and
potential controls
If the level of exposure cannot be estimated with confidence, further investigation is necessary.
Atmospheric monitoring might be required to estimate the level of exposure. For a hazardous
material absorbed through the skin, ingested or inhaled, biological monitoring might be required. A
detailed evaluation might be needed if there is the potential for a major hazard such as a large leak
or spill. In these cases, relevant specialist advice would be required.
If there is not enough information to estimate the risks, additional information should be obtained
from other sources, such as suppliers, occupational health and safety consultants and industry or
trade associations. The actions required are to:
 immediately identify and implement measures for preventing or controlling exposure
 obtain additional information, or specialist advice or conduct a more detailed assessment
 formulate new control measures to manage risks and re-evaluate until the risk rating is Low or
Medium and implement the appropriate actions
 re-evaluate the continuation/commencement of the activity if the risk level cannot be reduced
 ensure all necessary documentation is completed and held on file.
Step 7 - Implement control measures to address actions required from risk management
Document the control measures identified in the MSDS and the previous steps. If assessment shows
there is a risk to health, further actions should be taken to implement appropriate control measures,
provide training, and establish emergency procedures and first aid. In some circumstances two or
more control measures may be required to reduce exposure to a level as low as is reasonably
practicable. The preferred order in which control measures should be implemented is:
 Elimination
 Substitution
 Isolation
 Engineering Controls
 Administrative Controls
 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
Application of the hierarchy of control measures involves firstly assessing whether a hazardous
material can be eliminated. Where this is not practicable, substitution should be considered. If this is
not practicable, consideration should be given to each of the other control measures in turn, with the
objective of identifying a control measure or combination of control measures that will eliminate or
minimise exposure.
Elimination
Where a work activity involves the use of a hazardous material that is not essential to the work
activity the hazardous material should be eliminated. Examples include:
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Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
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Chapter 5
Risk Management



using a physical process rather than a chemical process to clean an object, for example, use of
ultra-sound
using clips, clamps or bolts instead of adhesive
purchasing supplies of a material in a ready cut and sized form rather than carrying out a dust
producing cutting process in the workplace.
Substitution
Where the use of hazardous materials cannot be avoided it may be possible to use a substitute
chemical that is less hazardous, the same substance in a less hazardous form or the same
substance in a less hazardous process. Examples include:
 replacing a chlorinated degreasing solvent with a detergent;
 using a hazardous material in paste or pellet form rather than a dusty powder
 brush application of paint rather than aerosol application.
Isolation
Another approach is the separation of the process from people by distance or the isolation of the
process by use of barriers to prevent exposure. For example, not running internal combustion
engines in enclosed or partially enclosed spaces like sheds or rooms will minimise carbon monoxide
exposure.
Engineering Controls
A range of engineering measures may be used to remove or reduce exposure to a chemical. Such
as the use of plant or processes which minimise the generation of a hazardous material, suppress or
contain a hazardous material or which limit the area of contamination in the event of spills or leaks.
Types of engineering controls include enclosure or partial enclosure, local exhaust ventilation and
automation of processes. Some examples of engineering controls are:
 local extraction systems attached to grinding machines
 enclosed reaction vessels
 automation of the removal of objects from degreasing baths.
Administrative Controls
Reduced exposure of individual workers to hazardous materials can be achieved by work practices
which require people to work in safer ways and are intended to limit the extent of exposure.
Examples include:
 excluding non essential persons from a work area
 prohibiting eating, drinking and smoking in contaminated areas
 prohibiting the use of compressed air for cleaning purposes
 vacuuming dust from areas where cutting processes take place
 providing first aid, safety shower and eye wash facilities, evacuation and emergency procedures.
 Instructions and training
Stringent work procedure should be enforced for people working alone, making provision for back-up
in case of emergency. Similarly procedures for work outside of normal work hours must take account
of the potential for a lack of necessary support services.
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Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
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Chapter 5
Risk Management
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
The use of personal protective equipment should not be regarded as an alternative to engineering or
other options for controlling exposure, but PPE should be utilised to supplement other controls
especially where it is difficult to ensure protection with the other measures. The basic personal
protective equipment available to guard against risks from hazardous materials includes respirators,
goggles, face shields, gloves, footwear, and aprons. Situations where the use of suitable personal
protective equipment may be necessary include:
 where it is not technically feasible to achieve adequate control by other means. In these cases,
exposure should be reduced as far as practicable by other measures and then, in addition,
suitable PPE should be used to secure adequate control
 where PPE is necessary to safeguard health until such time as adequate control is achieved by
other means, for example, where urgent action is required because of plant failure
 during routine maintenance operations where the infrequency and small number of people
involved may make other control measures not practicable
 where MSDS and labels indicate the need for PPE.
The ongoing costs (e.g. training and maintenance and/or replacement) and operator considerations
(e.g. correct fit and medical factors) associated with PPE should be given significant consideration
before determining it as the preferred control option. To ensure PPE is effective as a control it should
be:
 selected for the contaminant, task and the operator
 readily available and replaced as required
 clean and functional
 checked before use
 correctly used when required
 appropriately maintained.
Following the selection of appropriate PPE as a control measure, training should be provided to
ensure it is properly used in accordance with the appropriate standards for the equipment. To
manage PPE, it is helpful to use a PPE Register. An example of a PPE register is available on the
Creating Healthier Workplaces website here:
http://education.qld.gov.au/health/pdfs/healthsafety/ppe-register.pdf
Step 8 - Record the Assessment
WH&S legislation requires the maintaining of records on chemical risk assessments and associated
control measures. The person/s who conduct the assessment should record the assessment on the
risk assessment template in Appendix 8. Before workers can undertake the task or work with the
chemical assessed, the risk assessment must be approved by the relevant supervisor or manager.
The assessor/s should have the authority to approve the conduct of the work in the assessment, and
the ability to interpret the information, consult the appropriate workers and review existing records.
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Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
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Chapter 5
Risk Management
Step 9 - Review the Control Measures
All measures for the control of exposure should be thoroughly examined and tested at regular
intervals to ensure effective performance. Controls should be reviewed immediately if work related ill
health is reported. Routine maintenance including preventive service procedures should be
established specifying:
 which control measures require servicing
 the servicing needed
 the frequency of servicing
 who is responsible for servicing
 how any defects will be corrected
 performance testing and evaluation
 record of servicing.
49
Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
Workplaces
(HLS-PR-006)
Appendix
8 Risk
Assessment Process:
ChapterRisk
5
Managing
in Activities Involving
Risk
Management
Chemicals
Activity Scope
This document relates to the use of chemicals in activities conducted by staff in the
workplace.
Risk Assessment
Before using any chemical product, the Workplace Health and Safety Regulation
(Part 13) requires that a risk assessment be undertaken to determine the possible
hazards of the product and the control measures required for its safe use.
An evaluation of the risk associated with a hazard is necessary to determine if the
risk is significant, in which case additional or improved measures will be required to
prevent or minimise exposure to the hazard. In addition to determining the level of
significance of the risk, the risk assessment process serves to facilitate the decisions
required for appropriate controls, training, monitoring and health surveillance.
Activity Details
Activity Name:
_____________________________________________________________________
Location in Workplace:
_______________________________________________________________
Chemical/Product Names:
____________________________________________________________
Purpose of Activity: ___________________________________________________________________
Use
Who is conducting the activity:
 Staff Member
 Student/s
Experience of User:
 Experienced
 Inexperienced
Qualifications of User:
 Visitor/Other
_______________________________________________________________
 Continuous
 2-3 times a day
 Several times a week
 Once or twice a month
Duration of use:
 15 mins/ occasionally
 1 or 2 hours/day
 8 hours/day
Supervision required:
 N/A
 Medium
 High
Routes of entry:
 Skin absorption
 Respiratory
 Eyes
 Ingestion
 Injection
Frequency of use:
 Low
50
Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
Workplaces
(HLS-PR-006)
Appendix
8 Risk
Assessment Process:
ChapterRisk
5
Managing
in Activities Involving
Risk
Management
Chemicals
Activity Description
Listed below are the ‘minimum’ recommendations for this type of activity. For any items checked “No”,
provide further information on the additional or alternate controls to be implemented for the safe conduct
of the activity. Some items are indicated as mandatory and must be adhered to.
Minimum Equipment/Facilities
Yes
First aid kit suitable for activity
Communication system:
phone-line at location
mobile phone
Other:
Sun safety equipment if outdoors (hat, sun screen, shirt etc)
Safety Shower/ Eye Wash Station
Chemical Spill kit is available
Further information:
Hazard Identification
All persons engaging in this activity should identify the hazards, assess their significance and manage
the potential risks including any additional hazards not mentioned here.
Listed below are indicative hazards/risks that may arise during activities involving the use of chemicals.
The identification of hazards will help with the risk assessment and the identification of control
measures. They are by no means exhaustive lists. Add details of any other identified hazards/risks you
identify.
51
No
Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
Workplaces
(HLS-PR-006)
Appendix
8 Risk
Assessment Process:
ChapterRisk
5
Managing
in Activities Involving
Risk
Management
Chemicals
Chemical/Solution/Process
_________________________________________________________________
Hazard Identification – Repeat for each Chemical/Process (Read MSDS and container label)

Physical (storage, handling, waste, disposal considerations)

Chemical (flammability, stability, reactivity)

Irritant

Sensitiser (may cause allergic-type skin or respiratory reaction)

Harmful

Toxic

Corrosive

Radioactive

Carcinogenic (may cause cancer)

Mutagenic (may cause mutations/genetic change)

Teratogenic (may cause birth defects)

Other hazards (mechanical, electrical, manual handling, ergonomic etc.). Specify:
Explanation of Hazard:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
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Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
Workplaces
(HLS-PR-006)
Appendix
8 Risk
Assessment Process:
ChapterRisk
5
Managing
in Activities Involving
Risk
Management
Chemicals
Risk Assessment Matrix
Consequence
Likelihood
Insignificant
Minor
Moderate
Major
Critical
Medium
Medium
High
Extreme
Extreme
Likely
Low
Medium
High
High
Extreme
Possible
Low
Medium
High
High
High
Unlikely
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
High
Rare
Low
Low
Low
Low
Medium
Almost
Certain
The risk matrix is a commonly used tool to assist assessing risk levels.
To use the matrix, simply consider the activity and identified hazards in terms of the likelihood
of an incident happening, in conjunction with the consequence (or injury) if the incident did
occur.
The result of these two considerations is a risk level: low, medium, high, or extreme.
CONSEQUENCE
Insignificant:
No injury requiring treatment
Minor:
Minor injury; first aid
Moderate:
Injury requiring medical treatment; <4 days lost
Major:
Serious injury requiring specialist medical treatment or hospitalisation; > 4
days lost
Critical:
Loss of life; permanent disability or injury
LIKELIHOOD
Rare:
Probably would never happen
Unlikely:
Would not expect to happen
Possible:
May happen, but you would expect not
Likely:
Expect to happen at some time
Almost Certain: Probably would happen given the number of time the activity is done
RISK LEVEL
Low:
Medium:
High:
Extreme:
Little chance of incurring any injury
Some chance of incurring a minor injury
Likely that an injury requiring medical attention could occur
Likely that a serious injury could incur
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Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
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Chapter 5
Risk Management
Actions for Conclusions about Risk
1. Low Risk - risks are NOT SIGNIFICANT
Actions that should be undertaken when the conclusion is low risk:
 Consider if the risk is likely to become significant in the future
 The control measures on the MSDS are mandatory
 Determine if training/instruction is required
 Ensure all necessary documentation is completed and held on file.
2. Medium Risk – risks are SIGNIFICANT, but effectively controlled
Actions that should be undertaken when the conclusion is medium risk:
 Consider if the risk is likely to become significant in the future
 Ensure control measures are in place and review existing control measures as
necessary: consider elimination or substitution of the substance.
 Formulate/implement training programs
 Ensure all necessary documentation is completed and held on file.
3. High Risk – risks are SIGNIFICANT now, and not effectively controlled
Actions that should be undertaken when the conclusion is High risk:
 Identify and implement immediate measures for preventing or controlling exposure,
where necessary
 Formulate new control measures to manage risks and re-evaluate until the risk rating is
Low or Medium and implement the appropriate actions
 Determine if monitoring or health surveillance is required
 Ensure all necessary documentation is completed and held on file.
4. Extreme Risk - risks are SIGNIFICANT now and/or uncertain about risks and
potential controls
Actions that should be undertaken when the conclusion is Extreme risk:
 Immediately identify and implement measures for preventing or controlling exposure
 Obtain additional information, or specialist advice, or conduct a more detailed
assessment
 Formulate new control measures to manage risks until the risk assessment is Low or
Medium and implement the appropriate actions
 Re-evaluate the continuation/commencement of the activity if the risk level cannot be
reduced
 Ensure all necessary documentation is completed and held on file.
54
Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
Workplaces
(HLS-PR-006)
Appendix
8 Risk
Assessment Process:
ChapterRisk
5
Managing
in Activities Involving
Risk
Management
Chemicals
Control Measures
Risk Control
(How do we minimise or
eliminate exposure?)
Elimination –
Controls that should be
in place
Controls that are in
place
(What controls must be in
place to manage exposure?)
(What controls are in place
now?)
Can the process or
substance be eliminated
completely?

Yes
Dilution/Amount/s of
Chemicals used

Diluted Solution

Diluted Solution

Controlled amounts of chemical/s

Controlled amounts of chemical/s

Yes
Isolation –

Restricted access

Restricted access
Can the process or person
be isolated from the
substance?

Closed vessel

Closed vessel

Other

Other
Engineering –

Natural ventilation

Natural ventilation
Can the process be redesigned?

Fume hood

Fume hood

Extraction

Extraction

Blower fan

Blower fan

Outdoors

Outdoors

Other

Other
Administration –

Job rotation

Job rotation
Can we limit exposure to the
risk?

Work procedure

Work procedure


Training
Other _____________________


Training
Other ____________________
PPE –

Respirator

Respirator

Clothing

Gloves

Safety Glasses

Other
Substitution –
Can the process or
substance be replaced with a
safer one?
Can we use PPE?
Tick the necessary
requirements


No
No
Type: ____________________
Type: _____________________

Clothing

Gloves

Safety Glasses

Other
Type: ____________________
Type: _____________________
Type: ____________________
Type: _____________________
Type: ____________________
Type: _____________________
Type: _____________________
55
Type: ____________________
Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
Workplaces
(HLS-PR-006)
Appendix
8 Risk
Assessment Process:
ChapterRisk
5
Managing
in Activities Involving
Risk
Management
Chemicals
Controls to be Implemented (What other controls do we need to put in place to manage
exposure?)

All necessary controls are implemented. No further action required.

Ensure appropriate supervision is provided

Emergency procedures are in place

Obtain expert advice

All necessary training to be delivered

Monitoring required - Please
Specify_____________________________________________________

Health surveillance required - Please Specify
_____________________________________________

Further controls required - Please Specify
_______________________________________________
Training
The following require training about the substances and/or process involved in the activity:

User
Student

Teacher/Supervisor

The following training is necessary for those that may be exposed to risks identified in this
assessment:
__________________________________________________________________________
__________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________
Additional Control Measures
These would relate to the specific student needs, location and conditions in which you are conducting
your activity.
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Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
Workplaces
(HLS-PR-006)
Appendix
8 Risk
Assessment Process:
ChapterRisk
5
Managing
in Activities Involving
Risk
Management
Chemicals
Submitted by:
Date:
Indicate the names of those who were involved in the preparation of this risk
assessment.
Approval
Approved as submitted.
Approved with the following conditions:
Not Approved for the following reason/s:
By:
Designation:
Signed:
Date:
Monitor and Review To be completed during and/or after the activity.
Are the control measures still effective?
Have there been any changes?
Are further actions required?
Details:
57
Yes
No
Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
Workplaces
(HLS-PR-006)
Appendix
8 Risk
Assessment Process:
ChapterRisk
5
Managing
in Activities Involving
Risk
Management
Chemicals
Important Links





HLS-PR-012: Curriculum Activity Risk management
http://education.qld.gov.au/strategic/eppr/health/hlspr012/
HLS-PR-003: First Aid
http://education.qld.gov.au/strategic/eppr/health/hlspr003/
HLS-PR-005: Health and Safety Incident Reporting and Notification
http://education.qld.gov.au/strategic/eppr/health/hlspr005/
HLS-PR-006: Managing Occupational Risks with Chemicals
http://education.qld.gov.au/strategic/eppr/health/hlspr006/hs16.pdf
Infection Control Guideline:
http://education.qld.gov.au/health/pdfs/healthsafety/infection_control_guideline.pdf
Glossary and Other Information
For further support with risk management training and advice, contact trained staff in schools
such as Workplace Health and Safety Officers (WHSOs) and Workplace Health and Safety
Representatives (WHSRs), and regional/institute staff such as Senior Health and Safety
Consultants.
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Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
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Chapter 5
Risk Management
Appendix 9
Risk Assessment Flowchart
STEP 1:
Decide who will conduct the
risk assessments
STEP 2:
Identify all chemicals used in
the process/ workplace
STEP 3:
Is the chemical a
hazardous substance?
No
Yes
STEP 4:
Collect information about hazardous
materials
STEP 5:
Inspect workplace and evaluate
worker exposure
STEP 6:
Evaluate risk and determine
conclusion
No
Is the conclusion about
the risk acceptable?
Yes
STEP 7:
Implement control measures
STEP 8:
Record result of risk assessment
Assessor to approve
STEP 9:
Review task/chemical on a regular
59
basis
No further
action
Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
Workplaces (HLS-PR-006)
Chapter 6
Disposal
1
Disposal
All chemical users have a responsibility to dispose of unwanted or unused chemicals in a safe
manner that does not adversely affect other people or the environment. Chemical waste includes
solvents, acids, alkalis, toxic materials, paints, oils, pesticides, herbicides, contaminated glassware
and consumables, and chemicals that are no longer required or have deteriorated with age.
The list below outlines specific considerations regarding the disposal of chemicals:
 always follow any information about the disposal of a particular chemical on the label or in the
MSDS
 always follow safe procedures and wear appropriate protective clothing when using or disposing
of chemicals
 labels and MSDS will indicate the correct procedures and protective clothing and equipment to be
used
 incompatible chemical wastes must be segregated as far as possible to reduce the risk of a
dangerous reaction
 it is also desirable to segregate compatible materials (where practical) to improve the potential for
reuse or recycling.
For further information about chemical compatibilities, consult the product label, the MSDS and
Appendix 5.
1.1
Surplus chemicals
When disposing of surplus chemicals, the options in order of preference are:
 return unopened containers to the supplier or manufacturer
 use the chemical for its intended purpose
 offer the surplus chemical to another departmental workplace who needs it for an approved
purpose
 arrange for collection by an approved waste disposal contractor.
In the meantime, all chemicals should be labelled and stored in a secure and safe place.
1.2
General requirements for disposal of chemicals and containers
All supervisors/managers are responsible for encouraging personnel under their direction to actively
avoid and minimise the generation of hazardous chemical waste. Supervisors are also required to
establish local procedures that are consistent with these guidelines, and ensure that all staff and
students under their direction are familiar with and follow the procedures.
Prior to disposing of chemical waste, chemical users should:
 read the label and follow the instructions
 read the MSDS and follow the instructions
 wear recommended protective clothing
 ask for advice from suppliers or local authorities when needed
 dispose of waste as soon as practicable
 comply with local authorities requirements for the disposal of chemicals.
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Chapter 6
Disposal
To manage the risks associated with chemical waste disposal, chemical users should NOT :
 eat, drink or smoke during disposal work
 mix chemicals together before disposal
 allow waste to discharge into drains or watercourses or to contaminate groundwater
 re-use containers or convert into containers for food or water
 accumulate used containers.
1.3
Disposal of chemical waste
Chemicals are disposed of in one of three ways:
 through the sewerage system
 in landfill
 collected by a licensed chemical waste contractor for disposal.
To ensure the chemical waste meets the local authority Trade Waste Policy guidelines and is
acceptable for disposal to sewer, the:
 waste must be soluble in water
 waste must not be a solid or viscous substance in a quantity, or of a size, that can obstruct, or
interfere with the operation of the sewerage facility (e.g. ash, sand, tar, oil and grease)
 waste containing heavy metals cannot be disposed to sewer (e.g. lead, mercury, nickel)
 waste containing pesticides, herbicides, or fungicides cannot be disposed to sewer
 waste must not be toxic (Dangerous Goods Class 6) or hazardous to aquatic, marine and
terrestrial life and environments
 acceptable Flammable Liquids (short chain alcohol solutions containing Dangerous Goods Class
3) must be diluted to ensure there is no accumulation of alcohols in the under sink traps that has
the potential to create a fire hazard
 concentrated solutions of acids and alkali cannot be disposed to sewer
 weak acid and alkali solutions need to be neutralised to between pH6 and pH9 prior to sewer
disposal.
While disposing a chemical to sewer, flush with sufficient water to ensure no trace of chemical
remains.
For chemicals not acceptable for disposal to sewer (to landfill or for collection):
 waste is to be sealed in its original container or an appropriate and compatible container
 the container should be clearly labelled with the original label if in good condition or a
replacement label attached if required
 the label should contain the name of the chemical, total quantity and concentration of the
chemical, appropriate risk and safety phrases, and relevant dangerous goods information.
Local authorities or landfill operators will be able to advise if chemicals are accepted at their landfills
or waste transfer stations, or will need to be collected by a licensed chemical waste contractor. The
process for disposing of chemicals through a licensed waste contractor and a list of some of the
licensed waste contractors that are able to service all of Queensland is shown in Appendix 10.
Unknown/unlabelled chemicals and large volumes of unwanted chemicals should be collected by a
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Chapter 6
Disposal
licensed waste contractor for appropriate disposal. Do not dispose of unknown or unlabelled
chemicals or large quantities of chemicals by the sewer.
1.4
Disposal of empty containers
Check the label for advice on disposal of containers. All empty containers must be rinsed thoroughly
to remove any traces of the chemical and the chemical label must be removed or defaced (so that
the chemical name cannot be identified). If manually rinsed, the containers must be triple rinsed.
Containers should be returned to the supplier when they are marked returnable, or the label specifies
return to point of sale. Where rinsed containers are stored ensure that lids or bungs are removed to
prevent re-use and that containers are secure. If not returned to supplier, puncture and/or crush the
container to ensure that it cannot be used again. Empty drums must be rinsed and disposed of, or
recycled in the manner suggested on the label. Do not burn empty containers.
1.5
Disposal of Other items – Oil, Drums, Gas Cylinders, Batteries, Consumables
Like other chemicals, these items are to be disposed of in a responsible manner.
 Oil drums and gas cylinders are not be reused for any other purpose
o contact the original supplier or local landfill operator to determine the best method of
disposal
o empty gas cylinders should be segregated from full gas cylinders and returned to the
supplier
o used oil is a recyclable resource and there may be local agencies or companies that can
assist with recycling strategies.
 Nickel cadmium (NiCad) batteries contain cadmium, which is potentially carcinogenic
o NiCad batteries should not be placed in general waste bins
o several battery suppliers offer recycling/disposal options – refer to Appendix 10 and local
recycling companies.
 Some comsumables includes chemicals that require appropriate disposal
o for example, some data projector and microscope light bulbs contain mercury
o a range of companies provide recycling/disposal options – refer to Appendix 10 and local
recycling companies.
1.6
Minimising use
Users should use the principle of the hierarchy of control and consider eliminating or reducing the
use of chemicals. Minimisation of use is an important part of restricting the potential effects of the
chemicals. Before buying and using chemicals consider:
 controlling pests, weed or insect problems by alternative non chemical methods
 purchasing chemicals in reusable, returnable containers or try to obtain recyclable containers
 coordinating with other DET workplaces to minimise the amount purchased.
1.7
Avoid creating waste
When using chemicals a few simple considerations may avoid creating waste:
 do not buy more than you need
 do not mix more than you need for immediate use.
Take care to avoid spillage during mixing, handling and storage.
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Chapter 6
Disposal
Appendix 10
Licensed Chemical Waste Disposal Contractors
Process for Disposing of Chemicals using a Licensed Chemical Waste Contractor
Step 1 Organise the chemicals for disposal
The chemicals must be sealed in its original container or an appropriately labelled container that is
suitable for storing the waste. The chemicals must be stored compatibly with one another.
Step 2 Create a manifest (list) of the chemicals for disposal
The manifest must contain the:
 name of each chemical
 size (volume) of the container
 type of container (e.g. glass, plastic, metal)
 number (quantity) of containers
 actual volume of chemical in each of the containers
 dangerous goods class, if applicable
 any other comments (e.g. container sealed; container broken/damaged/leaking)
Example Chemical Waste Disposal Manifest
Workplace Name / Address / Site
contact details
Chemical
SIZE of
Type of
Name
actual
Containercontainer
eg Glass;
Plastic;
Metal
Copper
500grams
sulphate
Shield AR
20 L
concentrate
Glass
250 grams
Number of Dangerous Commentscontainer
Containers Goods
sealed;
Class broken or
obtain
from label leaking
or MSDS
2
DG Class 9 OK
Metal
15 L
1
Actual
chemical
Volumegms; mls;
Litres; Kg
Methylated
spirits
2L
Plastic
500 ml
5
Flammable
liquid DG
Class 3
Packing
group II
DG 3
Nitric acid
5L
Glass
5L
1
8
container ½
full and
missing cap
to seal on
container
One
container
leaking
OK
Step 3 Obtain a quote from a licensed chemical waste contractor
Send the manifest of chemicals for disposal to a licensed waste contractor via telephone, fax or
email to obtain a quote. A manifest template is shown in Appendix 11.
Step 4 Finalise collection details with licensed chemical waste contractor
The officer in charge of the workplace is responsible for approval of the quote and costs associated
with disposal. Once approval is obtained the workplace arranges collection and disposal of the
chemicals with the licensed waste contractor.
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Chapter 6
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Licensed Chemical Waste Contractors
Below is a list and contact details for some of the licensed chemical waste contractors that are able
to service all departmental workplaces throughout Queensland. However, this list is not exhaustive
and does not mean that the listed contractors should be preferenced over any other waste
contractors.
AceWaste - www.acewaste.com.au
Transpacific Industries Group www.transpacific.com.au
491 Gooderham Road Willawong QLD 4110
PO Box 400 Acacia Ridge QLD 4110
Ph: 07 3372 6666
Fax: 07 3372 3777
26-32 Potassium Street Narangba QLD 4504
Ph: 07 32935555
Fax: 07 3204 1582
ToxFree - www.toxfree.com.au
BCD Technologies www.bcdtechnologies.com.au
160 Musgrave Rd Coopers Plains QLD 4108
PO Box 837 Archerfield BC QLD 4108
Ph: 07 3277 2474
Fax: 07 3277 2382
8-12 Krypton St Narangba QLD 4504
PO Box 119 Narangba QLD 4504
Ph: 07 3203 3400
Fax: 07 3203 3366
Geocycle - www.cemaust.com.au
Veolia Environmental Services www.veolia.com.au
12 Station Ave Darra QLD 4076
Ph: 07 3375 0478
Fax: 07 3335 3227
166 Boundary Rd Rocklea, QLD 4106
Ph: 07 3275 0125
Fax: 07 3275 0101
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Appendix 11
Chemical Waste Disposal Manifest
Workplace Name / Address / Site contact
details
Chemical
SIZE of
Type of
Name
actual
Container-eg
container
Glass;
Plastic;
Metal
Actual
chemical
Volume-gms;
mls; Litres;
Kg
65
Number of Dangerous
Containers Goods
Class obtain from
label or
MSDS
Commentscontainer
sealed;
broken or
leaking
Guideline for Managing Risks with Chemicals in DET
Workplaces (HLS-PR-006)
Chapter 7
Emergency Planning
1
Emergencies
With adequate and appropriate control measures in place, a leak, spill or
uncontrolled release of a hazardous material may still occur. Emergency procedures
should be established and used to safely identify the source of a release and any
necessary corrective actions or repairs to be made.
1.1
Emergency Procedures
The following procedures should be used as a guide to help departmental staff
design an effective spill control plan for their workplace. These procedures also
contain information on how to prepare a chemical spill kit and provide step-by-step
instructions for spill cleanup.
In the event of a leak, spill or uncontrolled release which:
 involves the release of a type or quantity of a chemical that poses an immediate
risk to health
 involves an uncontrolled fire or explosion:
o staff must notify the floor fire warden
o floor fire warden assesses the situation, including where possible identifying
the hazardous material/s involved
o floor fire warden notifies the chief fire warden and advises the nature of the
incident, steps being taken and assistance required
o chief fire warden contacts the appropriate emergency services e.g.
ambulance/fire brigade/police
o chief fire warden summons the emergency response team to implement
emergency procedures
o if necessary, first aiders attend to injured person/s as appropriate
o emergency response team cordon off the danger area and move people away
from the immediate danger area as quickly as possible
o if necessary, emergency response team to evacuate surrounding area/s
o await arrival of emergency services – do not return to the danger area until
the ‘all clear’ is given by the emergency services.
If the leak, spill or uncontrolled release occurs outside a building, do not attempt to
evacuate the workplace unless officially advised to do so by the emergency services.
In the event of a spill involving the release of a type or quantity of a chemical which
does not pose an immediate risk to health and does not involve chemical
contamination to the body:
 notify personnel in the immediate vicinity of the incident
 isolate the area, close doors and evacuate the immediate area, if necessary
 remove ignition sources and unplug nearby electrical equipment
 vent vapours to outside of building only (open windows and turn on exhaust fans,
if available)
 locate spill kit, if available
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







choose appropriate PPE (goggles, face shield, impervious gloves, apron, etc.)
confine and contain spill
cover with appropriate absorbent material - acid and base spills should be
neutralized prior to cleanup
sweep solid material into a plastic dust pan and place in a sealed container
wet mop spill area - be sure to decontaminate broom, dustpan, etc
put all contaminated items (gloves, clothing, etc.) into a sealed container or
plastic bag
return spill kit to storage location and arrange for used contents to be replaced
inform your supervisor and the floor fire warden.
Every workplace that uses chemicals should have access to a spill control kit. Spill
kits should be strategically located around work areas in fixed locations so they will
be easily accessible. Spill kits can be purchased through most supply vendors that
sell chemicals or safety supplies. Below is a list of recommended items that should
be contained in a chemical spill kit. However, it is important that spill kits be tailored
to meet the specific spill control needs of each workplace. Spill kits should be
checked periodically, and restored after each use.
The contents of the chemical spill kit should include:
 absorbents such as:
o universal (inert) spill absorbent such as unscented kitty litter, vermiculite, clay,
and sand - this all purpose absorbent is good for most chemical spills
including solvents, acids, and bases
o acid spill neutralizer - sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, or calcium
carbonate
o alkali (base) neutralizer - sodium bisulphate.
 personal protective equipment (PPE) such as:
o safety goggles and face shield
o heavy neoprene gloves
o disposable lab coat or apron
o plastic vinyl booties
o dust mask/respirator.
 clean-up material such as:
o plastic dust pan and scoop
o plastic bags for contaminated PPE
o plastic bucket (polyethylene) with lid for spill and absorbent residues.
If an injured person requires first aid, the following procedures should be
implemented:
 delegate people to obtain the MSDS
o follow the first aid instructions on MSDS
o give a hard copy of MSDS to medical staff.
 for chemical splashes to the eye:
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flood the eyes with water (use the eye wash station, if available)
continue to flood with running water for 20 minutes and seek medical
attention.
for chemical splashes to the skin:
o irrigate the skin with running water for 20 minutes and seek medical attention.
o
o

Following any incident, the relevant staff must notify the relevant stakeholders (e.g.
managers, principal, director) and complete an incident report form. The relevant
stakeholders may need to inform the next of kin/parents/carer and notify the Q-Build
Emergency Contact Officer (Telephone: (07) 3224 6666).
1.2
Emergency Management Plan
All workplaces should have in place a comprehensive emergency management plan
that outlines the procedures to deal with all identified emergencies likely to occur.
The emergency management plan should include specific information to assist in the
management of a leak, spill or uncontrolled release of a hazardous material. The
emergency management plan should be communicated to all persons in the
workplace. Refer to the departmental Emergency Management and Response Plan
http://oneportal.deta.qld.gov.au/Services/Facilities/Forschools/Pages/Disastermanag
ement.aspx] for further information on completing an emergency management plan.
The specific issues relating to hazardous materials that should be addressed in the
emergency management plan include the following:
 technical information such as chemical and physical characteristics and dangers
of every hazardous material, for example review the chemical register in the
administration office
 the types of risks taken into account (e.g. fire, accidental release, poisoning)
 the provision of any specialised on-site first aid or assistance that may have to be
administered
 the provision and location of specialised equipment required including fire fighting
materials, safety showers, eye wash stations, chemical spill kits and neutralising
agents
 the limits of on-site action prior to seeking assistance from emergency services
agencies
 locations of the hazardous materials, personnel and equipment and emergency
control rooms at the workplace
 evacuation arrangements that take into account possible airborne dispersal of the
hazardous material e.g. wind direction
 emergency service agencies, any mutual resources involved and liaison
arrangements between them.
1.3
Review of Emergency Management Plan
Emergency Management Plans should be reviewed when:
 any new hazardous material is introduced to the workplace
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Chapter 7
Emergency Planning





1.4
the quantity of hazardous materials stored at the workplace changes significantly
(in particular, in a quantity which causes alteration to the dangerous goods
storage placarding requirements)
a change is made in the way a hazardous material is stored, handled or used
a change is made to a process or procedure which may result in a change of risk
new information becomes available concerning any property of a hazardous
material which could lead to a significant risk
problems are identified during training or after an incident has occurred.
Emergency Service Agencies
Emergency service agencies should be able to access information on the hazardous
materials present at the workplace such as the hazardous materials register and
emergency management plan.
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Glossary
Administrative controls
means systems of work or safe work practices designed to prevent or
reduce the risks from hazardous materials.
Australian Dangerous
Goods (ADG) Code
Australian Code for the Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road
and Rail.
Biological monitoring
is testing for the presence of a hazardous material, its metabolites or a
biochemical change in a person’s body tissue, exhaled air or fluid.
Chemical name
is the scientific or technical name of a chemical.
Chemicals
are substances composed of elements, compounds or complexes
present as an entity or contained in a mixture.
Complex
is a molecular entity formed by loose association involving two or more
component molecular entities.
Compound
is a substance formed by the chemical union of two or more elements.
Container
means a thing, other than a bulk container, or tank, defined in the ADG
Code, in which a chemical is, or has been, completely or partially
cased, contained, covered, enclosed or packed, but does not include an
enclosed system.
Dangerous Goods
have the potential to cause immediate harm to people, property and the
environment due to the possibility of a fire, explosion, release of toxic,
flammable, or corrosive materials during a storage or handling incident.
Element
is a fundamental substance comprising one kind of atom (the simplest
form of matter).
Engineering controls
means physical controls designed to prevent or minimise risks from
hazardous materials.
Flash point
is the temperature at which a liquid can produce enough vapour to
ignite in the presence of an appropriate ignition source.
Hazard
is a thing or a substance with the potential to cause harm to people,
property or the environment.
Hazardous materials
a substance that, because of its chemical, physical or biological
properties, has the potential to cause harm to people, property or the
environment.
Hazardous substance
a substance that has the potential to cause injury or harm to people and
is listed on the National Occupational Health and Safety Commission
(NOHSC) list of designated hazardous substances.
HAZCHEM code
the emergency action code developed and assigned to hazardous
materials after careful study of their properties and characteristics
and.used to help emergency services to take action quickly in any
accident. The code consists of a number followed by one or two letters.
The number indicates the type of substance to be used in treating the
accident. The first letter indicates the type of protective clothing needed
along with information about the possibility of violent reaction. The
second letter, where it exists, indicates if people have to be evacuated
from neighbouring areas.
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Glossary
Health surveillance
means the monitoring, including biological monitoring and medical
assessment, of a person to identify changes in a person’s health
because of exposure to a hazardous material.
Hierarchy of Control
a list of control measures, in priority order (sequence of options) which
can be used to eliminate or minimise exposure to hazards.
Manifest
a list of the types, quantities, and locations of all dangerous goods and
hazardous substances stored on site.
Material Safety Data Sheet a document prepared by the manufacturer or third party that
(MSDS)
contains essential information describing the properties and uses of a
particular hazardous material. It includes details of the substance
identity, chemical and physical properties, health hazard information,
precautions for use, safe handling information and procedures for
emergencies such as fire, spills and leaks.
Monitoring
means to regularly check all measures, other than by biological
monitoring, used to control the risk from exposure to a hazardous
material.
Packaged dangerous goods Dangerous goods are packaged dangerous goods if:
 they are dangerous goods of Class 2 in a container with a capacity
of not more than 500 litres
 they are dangerous goods of another Class in:
o a container with a capacity of not more than 450 litres
o a container with a net mass of not more than 400 kilograms
goods
Risk
is the likelihood that a hazard will cause harm to people, property or the
environment, in the conditions of its use.
Risk assessment
a process of evaluating and controlling the probability of an injurious
event (related to the purchase, use or exposure to a hazard) and the
extent of injury or illness that may result if that event occurs.
Risk phrase
means a phrase that gives information about the substance’s hazards.
For example “Flammable”, “Harmful if swallowed” or “Causes burns”.
Safety phrase
means a phrase that gives information about the safe use of a
substance or the personal protective equipment for the substance. For
example “Do not breathe dust” or “Avoid contact with skin”.
Significant risk
means that the work being undertaken with a hazardous material is
likely to adversely affect the health of workers and other persons at the
workplace. For example, there would be a “significant risk” if:
o
the health effects from exposure to the hazardous material are
substantial
o
there are no control measures in place at the workplace or the
controls that are in place are not adequate to protect workers from
exposure to a hazardous material
o
the level of exposure is high.
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Glossary
Substance
means any natural or artificial compound, whether it is solid or liquid
form or in the form of a gas or vapour.
Use
includes handling, production, storage, movement, application and
disposal of a substance.
72