Supplemental
Worksheets
Name
Date
Class
Quick Vocabulary
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
autotroph organism that converts
cytoplasm liquid part of a cell inside
light energy into usable energy
binomial nomenclature naming
system that gives each living thing
a two-word scientific name
habitat specific environment where
an organism lives
heterotroph organism that obtains
energy from other organisms
key aid to identification
the cell membrane
eukaryotic cell type of cell that has
a nucleus and other membranebound organelles
mitochondrion organelle that breaks
down food and releases energy
prokaryotic cell type of cell that has
no nucleus or other membranebound organelles
macromolecule substance in a cell
that forms from joining many
small molecules together
taxon group of organisms
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
unique without an equal, distinctive
Life’s Classification and Structure
3
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Outline
LESSON 1
Classifying Living Things
A. What are living things?
1. All
have some characteristics in common.
a. They are made of
.
b. They are
into different structures.
c. They
and develop.
d. They
to their environment.
e. They
, or form new organisms.
f. They use
2.
.
in cells are organized into different structures that help
cells function.
3. The four types of macromolecules in cells are nucleic
lipids, proteins, and
4.
,
.
organisms are made up of only one cell.
5. Multicellular organisms have different types of cells that carry out
.
6. The different levels of organization in multicellular organisms are: cell,
, organ, and organ system.
7. Living things grow, or increase in
, during their lifetimes.
8. Adult organisms form new organisms by
asexually or
sexually.
a. Bacteria and other
organisms reproduce asexually
when one cell divides and forms two new organisms.
b. Sexual reproduction occurs when the
cells of one or
two parent organisms join and form a new organism.
c. Humans and other multicellular organisms reproduce
9.
.
are organisms that convert light energy into usable energy.
a. Many autotrophs use energy from light to convert carbon dioxide and
into carbohydrates, or sugars.
b. Organisms that grow on energy released by chemical reactions of inorganic
substances such as sulfur and ammonia are called
10
.
Life’s Classification and Structure
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
specialized
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Outline continued
10. Organisms that obtain energy from other organisms are called
; they eat autotrophs or other
.
11. Organisms respond and adapt to changes in their external
.
B. What do living things need?
1. All living things need energy, food,
, and a place to live.
2. An organism’s
3.
is the specific environment where it lives.
provides organisms with energy, and
is essential for survival.
4. The type of
an organism eats depends on its habitat.
C. How are living things classified?
1. Classifying living things makes it easier to
and to see how they are
organisms
and different.
2. The naming system that gives each living thing a two-word scientific name is called
and was created by
3.
is the branch of science that classifies living things.
4. A(n)
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
.
is a group of organisms.
5. All living things on Earth are divided into three groups
called
.
a. Domains are divided into
and then phyla, classes,
, families, genera, and
b. A(n)
another and produce
.
is made of all organisms that can mate with one
that can reproduce.
6. Scientists today group organisms based on similarities such as how organisms
reproduce, how they process
they have.
7. A(n)
, and the types of genes
is a tool used to identify an organism based on its
characteristics.
Life’s Classification and Structure
11
Name
Date
Class
Content Practice A
LESSON 1
Classifying Living Things
Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Some terms
will be used more than once.
autotroph(s)
binomial nomenclature
heterotroph
taxon
habitat
1. An organism that obtains energy from other organisms is called
a(n)
.
2. An organism that converts light energy into usable energy is called
a(n)
.
3. A group of organisms is called a(n)
4. A(n)
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
5.
.
is a specific environment where an organism lives.
is a naming system that gives each living thing a two-word
scientific name.
6.
was created more than 300 years ago by scientist Carolus
Linnaeus.
7. Most organisms are adapted to live in a specific
8. A(n)
.
uses light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water
into carbohydrates, or sugars.
Life’s Classification and Structure
13
Name
Date
Class
Content Practice B
LESSON 1
Classifying Living Things
Directions: Answer each question or respond to each statement in the space provided.
Question
Answer
1. List the six characteristics that all
living things have in common.
2. What is a unicellular organism?
3. Describe the levels of
organization in multicellular
organisms.
4. In addition to energy, what two
other things does a living thing
need to survive?
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
5. What is the scientific name for
humans?
6. List two characteristics that can
be used to classify an organism.
7. Define species.
8. What is a dichotomous key?
14
Life’s Classification and Structure
Name
Date
Class
Language Arts Support
LESSON 1
Mechanics Activity: Using Hyphens, Dashes,
and Parentheses
Hyphens, dashes, and parentheses function differently in a sentence.
You can use a hyphen (-) in numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine:
There are sixty-seven species of toothed whales.
Hyphens are used in a compound modifier if it precedes the word it
modifies: Binomial nomenclature gives a two-part name to each species.
A dash (—) shows a break or change in thought:
The squirrel—quite a raggedy little fellow—approached the picnic table.
Parentheses ( ) set off important material that is not part of the main statement:
Heterotrophs (animals and fungi) eat autotrophs or other heterotrophs to obtain energy.
Directions: Rewrite each sentence to include hyphens, dashes, and parentheses as needed. Write C on the line if
the sentence is correct.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
1. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles.
2. There are twenty five species in the Tamias genus.
3. All living things even plants respond to stimuli.
4. Scientists divide all living things on Earth into three groups called domains.
5. Insects are easy to identify because of their three part bodies.
6. A taxon the plural is taxa is a group of organisms.
Life’s Classification and Structure
15
Name
Date
Class
Language Arts Support
LESSON 1
Word-Usage Activity: Appositives
An appositive is a noun added to another noun to give additional information:
A scientist, Linnaeus, created the system of binomial nomenclature.
An appositive phrase is a phrase, usually set off with commas, that adds information to a
noun: Carolus Linnaeus, a Swedish scientist, is considered to be the founder of the
field of taxonomy.
Directions: Underline each appositive or appositive phrase in the sentences below.
1. Some autotrophs, chemoautotrophs, use inorganic chemical reactions to make food.
2. Stephen Jay Gould, a paleontologist, spent time exploring taxonomy in the fossil record.
3. The maidenhair spleenwort, a rare fern, was recently rediscovered in New Zealand.
4. The largest taxonomic group, Kingdom Animalia, includes roughly 2 million species
of animals.
5. Water, an essential compound, is necessary for animals to survive.
16
Life’s Classification and Structure
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6. Domestic dogs belong to a genus, Canis, which includes wolves, coyotes, and jackals.
Name
Date
Math Skills
Class
LESSON 1
Use Ratios
A ratio is a comparison of two numbers. Ratios can be written in three equivalent ways:
using the word to, using a colon, or using a fraction. For example, you can write the ratio
of X to Y in any of these ways:
X
__
X to Y
X:Y
Y
Ratios should be written in simplest terms just as you would simplify a fraction. Be sure to
read each question carefully so you write the numbers in the correct order.
Of about 6,400 species of amphibians, about 5,700 species are frogs. What is the ratio of
frog species to amphibian species?
Step 1 The question asks for the ratio of frog species to amphibian species. Write the two
numbers as a ratio in any of these three ways:
5,700 to 6,400
5,700
_____
6,400
5,700:6,400
Step 2 If possible, simplify the ratio. In this problem, you can divide each number by 100.
57 to 64
57:64
57
___
64
Practice
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
1. Of the 7 worldwide species of marine
turtles, 6 species live in waters around
the United States. What is the ratio of
marine turtle species in U.S. waters to
worldwide marine turtle species?
2. Of the 78 species of cetaceans, an order
4. Biologists have described about
91,000 insect species that live in the
United States. Biologists estimate that
another 73,000 species have not yet
been described. What is the ratio of
not described to described insect species
in the United States? Write the ratio in
all three ways.
that includes whales, dolphins, and
porpoises, 11 are baleen whales. What
is the ratio of cetacean species to
baleen whale species?
3. Of about 40 species of dolphins,
4 species live in freshwater. What is
the ratio of freshwater dolphin species
to all dolphin species?
Life’s Classification and Structure
5. Of the 91,000 described species of
insects in the United States, 23,700 are
beetles. What is the ratio of insect
species to beetle species? Write the
ratio in all three ways.
17
Name
Date
Key Concept Builder
Class
LESSON 1
Classifying Living Things
Key Concept What are living things?
Directions: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false. If the
statement is false, change the underlined word(s) to make it true. Write your changes on the lines provided.
1. In all cells, macromolecules are organized into different structures that help
cells function.
2. When a a unicellular organism grows, the number of its cells increases.
3. All living things need energy to survive.
4. Some organisms are able to convert chemical energy to light energy that is used
for many cellular processes.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
5. Many organisms use mitochondria to detect the environment, process
information, and coordinate a response.
6. Multicellular organisms reproduce asexually when one cell divides and forms
two new organisms.
7. Some multicellular organisms can reproduce asexually without a mate and
produce offspring.
8. Unicellular organisms have everything needed to obtain and use energy,
reproduce, and grow inside one cell.
Life’s Classification and Structure
19
Name
Date
Class
Key Concept Builder
LESSON 1
Classifying Living Things
Key Concept What do living things need?
Directions: On the line before each statement, write the letter of the phrase that matches it correctly. Each phrase
is used only once.
1. Some bacteria live
.
2. Food is
B. on body surfaces
.
C. essential for survival
3. A land iguana living in a warm, tropical
environment
.
D. specific to their needs
E. depends on the
4. The type of food that an organism
eats
A. to only a few habitats
habitat in which it
lives
.
F. would not survive in a
5. Organisms live in environments
cold place
.
G. processed to obtain
6. Most organisms can adapt
energy
.
20
.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
7. Water is
Life’s Classification and Structure
Name
Date
Class
Key Concept Builder
LESSON 1
Classifying Living Things
Key Concept How are living things classified?
Directions: Use the table to answer each question or respond to each statement on the lines provided.
Eastern chipmunk
Table 1 Classification of the Eastern Chipmunk
Taxonomic Group Number of Species
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Domain Eukarya
Examples
about 4–10 million
Kingdom Animalia
about 2 million
Phylum Chordata
about 50,000
Class Mammalia
about 5,000
Order Rodentia
about 2,300
Family Sciuridae
299
Genus Tamias
25
Species Tamias
striatus
1
1. How many species are in the same domain as the Eastern
chipmunk?
2. Explain why the number of species decreases from the top to the bottom of the chart.
3. What is the most specific taxonomic group to which the Eastern chipmunk belongs?
Explain.
Life’s Classification and Structure
21
Name
Date
Class
Key Concept Builder
LESSON 1
Classifying Living Things
Key Concept How are living things classified?
Directions: On the line before each statement, write the letter of the correct answer.
1. Scientists use classification to group organisms that have
similar
A. cells
B. traits
C. shapes
.
2. All scientific names in the binomial nomenclature system are
in
.
A. Latin
B. English
C. Spanish
3. The branch of science that classifies living things is
.
4. Domains are divided into
and then phyla, classes,
orders, families, genera, and species.
A. traits
B. taxon
C. kingdoms
5. A species is made of all organisms that can
with
one another and produce offspring that can reproduce.
A. eat
B. live
C. mate
6. The first word in the binomial name is the organism’s genus. The second word
might describe
.
A. three or four characteristics of the organism
B. a distinguishing characteristic of the organism
C. a characteristic that the organism shares with other organisms
22
Life’s Classification and Structure
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
called
A. taxon
B. taxonomy
C. binomial nomenclature
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Quiz A
LESSON 1
Classifying Living Things
Multiple Choice
Directions: On the line before each question or statement, write the letter of the correct answer.
1. To be considered living, an organism must be made up of
A. cells.
B. atoms.
C. chemicals.
2. Which type of organism does NOT make its own food?
A. autotroph
B. heterotroph
C. chemoautotroph
3. An organism that has food and a place to live also needs
A. soil.
B. water.
C. shade.
Matching
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Each term is
used only once.
4. a living organism responds to this in the
environment
5. consist of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and
nucleic acids
A. binomial
nomenclature
B. dichotomous key
C. habitat
6. a specific environment where an organism lives
D. macromolecules
7. uses questions that have two answer choices to
E. stimulus
identify living things
8. system that assigns a two-word Latin name to
each living thing
Life’s Classification and Structure
25
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Quiz B
LESSON 1
Classifying Living Things
Short Answer
Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided.
1. List the six characteristics that all living things have in common.
2. Explain why all organisms, not just autotrophs, are dependent on light energy.
3. Describe how an organism’s food and habitat are related.
Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Not all terms
are used.
4. a living organism responds to this in the
environment
5. made up of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and
nucleic acids
A. autotroph
B. binomial
nomenclature
C. dichotomous key
6. a specific environment where an organism lives
D. genus
7. uses questions that have two answer choices to
E. habitat
identify living things
8. system that assigns a two-word name to each
living thing
F. heterotroph
G. macromolecules
H. stimulus
I. taxon
26
Life’s Classification and Structure
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Matching
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Outline
LESSON 2
Cells
A. What are cells?
1. All living things have
, which are the basic unit of an
organism.
2. Most cells are so small that a(n)
needs to be used to see
them.
3. Cells have many different shapes and
.
B. What are cells made of?
1. All cells are made of four types of
—nucleic acids, lipids,
proteins, and
.
2. The
is an outer structure that surrounds all cells.
3. About 70 percent of the material inside a cell is
.
C. Types of Cells
1.
cells are cells that do not have a nucleus or other
membrane-bound organelles.
2. Structures in cells that carry out specific functions are
.
3. Cells that have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles are called
cells.
a.
include most multicellular organisms as well as some
unicellular organisms.
b. In eukaryotes, most of the organelles, including the nucleus, are surrounded
by
.
D. The Outside of a Cell
1. The cell membrane is made of lipids and
.
a. Lipids in the cell membrane protect the
of a cell from
the environment outside the cell.
b.
in the cell membrane transport substances between
a cell’s environment and the inside of the cell and
with other cells.
2. A strong, rigid layer outside the cell membrane of some cells is called
the
30
.
Life’s Classification and Structure
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
called
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Outline continued
E. The Inside of a Cell
1. The
is the liquid part of a cell inside the cell
membrane.
2. The information that controls all cell activities is stored in DNA, which is the
cell’s
material.
a. DNA is a type of macromolecule called a(n)
.
b. The function of RNA is to give cells instructions about which
need to be made.
c. In eukaryotic cells, DNA is stored in an organelle called
the
.
3. In prokaryotes, proteins in the
process energy.
4. Eukaryotes have organelles, called
, which break down
food and release energy.
5. Adenosine triphosphate, or
, is a molecule that stores
for later use in carrying out cell functions.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6. Plants and many other autotrophs have energy-processing organelles called
as well as mitochondria.
a. Chloroplasts capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy in a process
called
.
b. Photosynthesis produces ATP and also
such as
glucose that are used to store energy.
7. Proteins are made on the surface of
the
, which are found in
of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
8. The ribosomes in eukaryotic cells are attached to an organelle called
the
.
9. After proteins are made, an organelle called the
packages
them into tiny organelles called vesicles.
10. Water and other molecules are stored in organelles
called
Life’s Classification and Structure
.
31
Name
Date
Class
Content Practice A
LESSON 2
Cells
Directions: Unscramble the word bank terms. On each line, write the unscrambled term that correctly completes
each sentence. Some terms will be used more than once.
ckaryprooti lcesl
kayroticeu sllce
cpytolmas
driaochonmit
1. The liquid part of a cell inside the cell membrane is called
the
2.
.
do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound
organelles.
3.
are organelles that break down food and release energy.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
4. Most eukaryotes contain hundreds of
5. Most
.
are unicellular organisms, such as bacteria.
6.
contains water, macromolecules, and other substances.
7.
have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
8. Organisms that have
Life’s Classification and Structure
are called prokaryotes.
33
Name
Date
Class
Content Practice B
LESSON 2
Cells
Directions: Circle the term in parentheses that correctly completes each sentence.
1. A (cell/nerve) is the basic unit of an organism.
2. Cells contain four types of (macromolecules/structures)—nucleic acids, lipids, proteins,
and carbohydrates.
3. (Carbohydrates/Organelles) are structures in cells that carry out specific functions.
4. The (macromolecule/cell membrane) helps keep the inside of a cell separate from the
outside of a cell.
5. Some cells also are surrounded by a more rigid layer called a cell (wall/environment).
6. Cell walls provide (water/structure) and help protect the cell from the outside
environment.
structures organized.
8. (Carbohydrates/Proteins) in the cytoplasm provide structure and help organelles and
other substances move around.
34
Life’s Classification and Structure
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
7. (Water/Cell membranes) give(s) cells their shape and help(s) keep their internal
Name
Date
Class
Key Concept Builder
LESSON 2
Cells
Key Concept What is a cell made of?
Directions: Answer each question or respond to each statement on the lines provided.
1. Describe the appearance of cells. Give two examples.
2. What are prokaryotes? Give one example.
3. Give one characteristic that distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
4. What does ATP stand for, and what are its functions?
5. What are chloroplasts?
6. Where are cell proteins made?
36
Life’s Classification and Structure
Name
Date
Class
Key Concept Builder
LESSON 2
Cells
Key Concept What is a cell made of?
Directions: Label this diagram by writing the correct term from the word bank on each line. Each term is used
only once.
cell membrane
genetic material
Golgi apparatus
nucleus
ribosome
vesicle
mitochondrion
Eukaryotic Cell
1.
7.
6.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
5.
2.
4.
3.
Directions: Complete the chart with the correct terms from the word bank in the space provided. Some terms may
be used more than once.
cell membrane
cell wall
cytoplasm
DNA
lipids
organelles
nucleus
proteins
RNA
water
Inside of Cell
8.
9.
12.
13.
10.
Outside of Cell
15.
16.
17.
14.
11.
Life’s Classification and Structure
18.
37
Name
Date
Class
Key Concept Builder
LESSON 2
Cells
Key Concept How do the parts of a cell enable it to survive?
Directions: Circle the term in parentheses that correctly completes each sentence.
1. (Carbohydrates/Proteins) in the cytoplasm process energy in (prokaryotes/eurokaryotes).
2. (Eurokaryotes/Prokaryotes) have special organelles called the (chloroplasts
and mitochondria/DNA and RNA).
3. (Chloroplasts/Mitochondria) are organelles that break down food and release energy.
4. ATP molecules are produced (before/during) photosynthesis.
5. Photosynthesis produces carbohydrates such as glucose that are used to (store/
create) energy.
endoplasmic reticulum).
7. Proteins can be processed and can move (inside/outside) the cell through the
endoplasmic reticulum.
8. An organelle called the Golgi apparatus packages proteins into tiny organelles called
(vesicles/vacuoles).
38
Life’s Classification and Structure
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6. In eukaryotic cells, the ribosomes are attached to an organelle called the (cytoplasm/
Name
Date
Key Concept Builder
Class
LESSON 2
Cells
Key Concept How do the parts of a cell enable it to survive?
Directions: With a partner, write and answer a question about each topic.
1. vacuoles
Question:
Answer:
2. cell storage
Question:
Answer:
3. protein production
Question:
Answer:
4. chloroplasts
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Question:
Answer:
5. mitochondria
Question:
Answer:
6. cell energy
Question:
Answer:
7. controlling cell activities
Question:
Answer:
8. cytoplasm
Question:
Answer:
Life’s Classification and Structure
39
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Quiz A
LESSON 2
Cells
True or False
Directions: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false. If the
statement is false, change the underlined word to make it true. Write your changes on the lines provided.
1. Most organisms have only one cell.
2. All eukaryotic cells are surrounded by an outer structure called a cell wall.
3. The genetic material that controls a prokaryotic cell’s activities is stored in its
nucleus.
4. The vacuole of a cell is used for storage.
Matching
Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Each term
is used only once.
organelles
6. made up of water, macromolecules, and other
substances
7. does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound
organelles
A. ribosome
B. cytoplasm
C. eukaryotic cell
D. mitochondrion
E. prokaryotic cell
8. releases energy the cell uses
9. site of protein production
42
Life’s Classification and Structure
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
5. contains a nucleus and membrane-bound
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Quiz B
LESSON 2
Cells
Short Answer
Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided.
1. Compare and contrast the genetic material of a prokaryotic cell with a eukaryotic cell.
2. Explain how proteins are produced in a eukaryotic cell.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
3. Differentiate between a cell wall and a cell membrane.
Matching
Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Not all terms
are used.
4. contains a nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles
5. made up of water, macromolecules, and other
substances
6. does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound
organelles
A. chloroplast
B. cytoplasm
C. eukaryotic cell
D. mitochondrion
E. ribosome
F. photosynthesis
7. releases energy for use by the cell in the form
of ATP
G. prokaryotic cell
8. site of protein production
Life’s Classification and Structure
43
Lesson Outline for Teaching
Lesson 1: Classifying Living Things
Life’s Classification and Structure
11. Organisms respond and adapt to changes in their external environments.
eat autotrophs or other heterotrophs.
10. Organisms that obtain energy from other organisms are called heterotrophs; they
substances such as sulfur and ammonia are called chemoautotrophs.
b. Organisms that grow on energy released by chemical reactions of inorganic
carbohydrates, or sugars.
a. Many autotrophs use energy from light to convert carbon dioxide and water into
9. Autotrophs are organisms that convert light energy into usable energy.
c. Humans and other multicellular organisms reproduce sexually.
organisms join and form a new organism.
b. Sexual reproduction occurs when the reproductive cells of one or two parent
a. Bacteria and other unicellular organisms reproduce asexually when one cell
divides and forms two new organisms.
8. Adult organisms form new organisms by reproducing asexually or sexually.
7. Living things grow, or increase in size, during their lifetimes.
organ, and organ system.
6. The different levels of organization in multicellular organisms are: cell, tissue,
functions.
5. Multicellular organisms have different types of cells that carry out specialized
4. Unicellular organisms are made up of only one cell.
carbohydrates.
3. The four types of macromolecules in cells are nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and
2. Macromolecules in cells are organized into different structures that help cells function.
f. They use energy.
e. They reproduce, or form new organisms.
d. They respond to their environment.
c. They grow and develop.
b. They are organized into different structures.
a. They are made of cells.
1. All living things have some characteristics in common.
A. What are living things?
T2
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1. All living things need energy, food, water, and a place to live.
B. What do living things need?
2. An organism’s habitat is the specific environment where it lives.
3. Food provides organisms with energy, and water is essential for survival.
4. The type of food an organism eats depends its habitat.
C. How are living things classified?
are similar and different.
1. Classifying living things makes it easier to organize organisms and to see how they
binomial nomenclature and was created by Carolus Linneaus.
2. The naming system that gives each living thing a two-word scientific name is called
3. Taxonomy is the branch of science that classifies living things.
4. A(n) taxon is a group of organisms.
5. All living things on Earth are divided into three groups called domains.
genera, and species.
a. Domains are divided into kingdoms and then phyla, classes, orders, families,
offspring that can reproduce.
b. A(n) species is made of all organisms that can mate with one another and produce
reproduce, how they process energy, and the types of genes they have.
6. Scientists today group organisms based on similarities such as how organisms
7. A(n) dichotomous key is a tool used to identify an organism based on its characteristics.
Discussion Question
What are the functions of the four main macromolecules found in cells?
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T3
Nucleic acids, such as DNA, store information. Lipids are the main component of cell
membranes and provide structure. Some proteins also provide structure; others are enzymes.
Carbohydrates are used for energy.
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Lesson Outline for Teaching
Lesson 2: Cells
1. All living things have cells, which are the basic unit of an organism.
A. What are cells?
2. Most cells are so small that a(n) microscope needs to be used to see them.
3. Cells have many different shapes and sizes.
B. What are cells made of?
and carbohydrates.
1. All cells are made of four types of macromolecules—nucleic acids, lipids, proteins,
2. The cell membrane is an outer structure that surrounds all cells.
3. About 70 percent of the material inside a cell is water.
C. Types of Cells
organelles.
1. Prokaryotic cells are cells that do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound
2. Structures in cells that carry out specific functions are called organelles.
eukaryotic cells.
3. Cells that have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles are called
organisms.
a. Eukaryotes include most multicellular organisms as well as some unicellular
b. In eukaryotes, most of the organelles, including the nucleus, are surrounded by
membranes.
1. The cell membrane is made of lipids and proteins.
D. The Outside of a Cell
outside the cell.
a. Lipids in the cell membrane protect the inside of a cell from the environment
and the inside of the cell and communicate with other cells.
b. Proteins in the cell membrane transport substances between a cell’s environment
2. A strong, rigid layer outside the cell membrane of some cells is called the cell wall.
be made.
Life’s Classification and Structure
b. The function of RNA is to give cells instructions about which proteins need to
a. DNA is a type of macromolecule called a(n) nucleic acid.
genetic material.
2. The information that controls all cell activities is stored in DNA, which is the cell’s
1. The cytoplasm is the liquid part of a cell inside the cell membrane.
E. The Inside of a Cell
T4
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c. In eukaryotic cells, DNA is stored in an organelle called the nucleus.
3. In prokaryotes, proteins in the cytoplasm process energy.
release energy.
4. Eukaryotes have organelles, called mitochondria, which break down food and
carrying out cell functions.
5. Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is a molecule that stores energy for later use in
chloroplasts as well as mitochondria.
6. Plants and many other autotrophs have energy-processing organelles called
called photosynthesis.
a. Chloroplasts capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy in a process
used to store energy.
b. Photosynthesis produces ATP and also carbohydrates such as glucose that are
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
7. Proteins are made on the surface of ribosomes, which are found in the cytoplasm of
endoplasmic reticulum.
8. The ribosomes in eukaryotic cells are attached to an organelle called the
tiny organelles called vesicles.
9. After proteins are made, an organelle called the Golgi apparatus packages them into
10. Water and other molecules are stored in organelles called vacuoles.
Discussion Question
What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
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T5
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic
cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells contain many
structures that are not in a prokaryotic cell.
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