Grow Your Reserves with Praxair
Well Injection Services Using Carbon Dioxide
Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery
Now, more than ever, it’s imperative to increase the output of every oil and gas well. Enhanced oil and gas
recovery methods have been used for years, but many common methods have serious shortcomings, both in
terms of cost and where they can be used.
Praxair’s gas injection process uses
carbon dioxide as a cost-effective
and field tested recovery method in
high water cut or depleted fields.
From waterless fracturing to full
pilot projects to cyclical Huff n’ Puff
recovery to well stimulation and
clean-up, Praxair has the product,
the equipment, and the experience
to ensure you get the best results
from each well.
Stage 1 CO2 Injection
Stage 2 Soak
Stage 3 Production
Active in the oil and gas patch for
40 years, Praxair is the leading
supplier of carbon dioxide and
nitrogen in the Americas and one of
the largest worldwide. Companies
seeking more production and less
down time know they can rely on
Praxair.
Well Injection and Stimulation
Waterless Fracturing
Praxair’s DryFracTM waterless fracturing technology completely replaces
water in hydraulic fracturing with
carbon dioxide. In water sensitive
or pressure depleted formations, a
100% CO2 fracture will flow more
readily, enabling the initial production rate and ultimate recovery to be
higher than it is with other methods.
Cyclic injection of CO2
enhances recovery
Huff n’ Puff injection of CO2 is often
the most economically attractive
option for incremental oil recovery
in a single well. Carbon dioxide is
injected into the well. During the soak
phase, it acts as a highly effective
solvent that reduces oil viscosity.
The more mobile oil, swollen with
CO2, flows more easily to the well,
increasing oil production and decreasing water production.
www.praxair.com
automatic computer shut-down,
and an auto-alarm system increase
safety and control. The data available
includes complete time-stamped
pressure, temperature and rate information. Our systems and services
mean less time working over a well
and more time recovering oil.
Injection and stimulation
improve productivity
When you want to optimize reserves
or you are looking for a way to improve productivity through removal
of water blockage, CO2 injection
alone or with cleanup solvents can
stimulate maximum production.
Praxair engineers bring a proven
pumping and vaporization system to
the site, along with state-of-the-art
computer controls, data acquisition
and monitoring. Remote shutdown,
Carbon capture and storage (CCS)
reduces greenhouse gas emissions
Praxair engineers are among the
most experienced professionals in
this emerging area. They have the
expertise and equipment to test
the injection capability of a potential
carbon capture and storage well.
Praxair can monitor CO2 phase behavior and test for possible surface
leakage.
Why Choose Praxair?
Reservoir and Production Engineering Experience
Around the world and throughout the United States,
Praxair has successfully run reserve growth projects
at all scales. From cyclic injection projects in single
wells to pilot projects and full field projects, Praxair
has the experience and record of success. Praxair
engineers and operators are experts in reservoir and
production engineering. We recommend design
parameters, provide real-time monitoring, and
then recommend program modifications during the
job. We know how to interpret post-job data and
improve results.
A Leader in Training, Safety and Operations
Highly trained personnel use formal, standard
procedures that have been developed, tested, and
refined over years in the field handling well site
logistics. Extensive HAZOP reviews and detailed
preventive maintenance guidelines reinforce safety
and increase reliability during the hundreds of energized fluid fracs and other CO2 injection programs
Praxair has completed successfully.
State of the Art Equipment and Technology
Praxair builds, owns and operates world-class air
separation plants, pipelines, a hydrogen cavern
and CO2 capture facilities. So it should come as
no surprise that we have state-of-the-art pumper
trucks, testing and monitoring equipment, and remote control systems with built-in safety features.
We can record pressure and flow rate digitally for
later computer analysis. Praxair provides portable
storage and CO2 on the jobs site. Our unique downhole monitoring equipment with surface readout is
just one example of how Praxair innovates in order
to save you time and money during the project.
Excellent Supply and Storage Mean Timely,
Reliable Delivery
Praxair has one of the largest supplies of CO2 in
the U.S. and around the world. Our locations and
delivery services allow us to be where you need us,
when you need us.
Praxair has ample portable storage to handle the
increasing oil and gas service demand for liquid
CO2. Our fleet includes special CO2 trucks that can
travel up mountain roads or other areas of limited
maneuverability. Our equipment can also be used
on location to provide the boost pressure to the
high pressure pumps used to pump CO2 down hole.
Praxair skid mounted plants, rated at 300 tons per
day, can be set up with skid mounted tanks. Our
substantial network of rail-cars further expands our
ability to deliver product to customers.
Spotlight: Advanced Monitoring Capabilities
Praxair engineers bring years of experience designing, monitoring, and
modifying reservoir programs. From well stimulations to full pattern pilot
projects, you have highly trained engineers and technicians with years
of field experience and advanced equipment.
Our mobile downhole monitoring unit is just one example of the type
of advanced monitoring we deploy in CO2 injection operations. It provides real time bottom hole readout measurements at the surface and
gives engineers the flexibility to run surveys under injection conditions.
Physical Properties of Carbon Dioxide
BBL LIQ
BL GAS
LBS
SCF GAS
GAL LIQ
CF LIQ
1 BBL LIQ
1
560.9
366.5
3,151
42
5.616
1 TON LIQ
5.45
3.057
2,000
17,168
229
30.64
1 GAL LIQ
0.0238
13.4
8.72
75.02
1
0.1337
1 CF LIQ
0.178
99.6
65.27
559
7.481
1
SCF GAS MEASURED @ 14.7 PSIA & 60°F (1 lb of LCO2 = 8.569 SCF OF GCO2)
LIQUID CO2 MEASURED @ 250 PSIG & -10°F
A Global Leader in Industrial Gases
Praxair is the largest industrial gases company in
North and South America, and one of the largest
worldwide, with annual sales of $10 billion. The company produces, sells and distributes atmospheric,
process and specialty gases, and high-performance
surface coatings. Praxair products, services and
technologies are making our planet more productive
by bringing productivity and environmental benefits
to a wide variety of industries, including energy,
aerospace, chemicals, food and beverage, electronics, healthcare, manufacturing, metals and
others. More information on Praxair is available
at www.praxair.com.
To learn more about Praxair’s CO2 gas well
services, go to www.praxair.com/oilandgas or
call 1-800-PRAXAIR.
© Copyright 2014, Praxair Technology, Inc.
All rights reserved
Praxair, the Flowing Airstream design, and Making
our planet more productive, are trademarks or registered trademarks of Praxair Technology, Inc. in the
United States and/or other countries.
Praxair, Inc.
39 Old Ridgebury Road
Danbury, CT 06810-5113
USA
www.praxair.com
[email protected]
The information contained herein is offered for use by
technically qualified personnel at their discretion and
risk without warranty of any kind.
11/14
P-10479A
Telephone:
1-800-PRAXAIR (1-800-772-9247)
(716) 879-4077
Fax:
1-800-772-9985
(716) 879-2040