Choose one source from the following list and use it [and only it] to write a description
of the society that created it.
Proverbs from Ki-en-gir (Sumer), c. 2000 BCE: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/2000sumerproverbs.asp
Penitential Prayer to Every God (Sumer): http://www.thenagain.info/Classes/Sources/SumerPrayer.html
The Great Hymn to Shamash: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/133.htmll
The Creation of the Pickax: http://www.piney.com/BabPickax.html
The Ludlul Bel Nimequi: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/1700ludlul.asp
The Standard of Ur: http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/cVczEWH0RVm_dFZtJBAjRw
The Legend of Sargon: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/2300sargon1.asp
The Advice of an Akkadian Father to His Son: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/2200akkadfather.asp
Some Babylonian Proverbs: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/1600ashubanipal-proverbs.asp
A Collection of Contracts From Mesopotamia: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/mesopotamiacontracts.asp
The Babylonian Creation Myth: http://www.thenagain.info/Classes/Sources/BabylonianCreation.html
Adapa: The First Man http://www.piney.com/Adapa.html
The Reports of the Astrologers and Magicians of Nineveh and
Babylon: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/bablylonian-astrology.asp
Ishtar’s Descent into the Underworld: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/158.html
The Code of Nesilim: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/1650nesilim.asp
Heredotus, “Greek Reports of Babylonia, Chaldea, and
Assyria” http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/greek-babylon.asp
The Code of Assura: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/1650nesilim.asp
Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser II: http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/txt/ah/Assyria/Inscra01.html
Sennacherib’s Campaign Against
Jerusalem: http://web.archive.org/web/19970707095227/http://staff.feldberg.brandeis.edu/~jacka/AN
ET/sennacherib_inscription.html
The Precepts of Patah-Hotep: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/ptahhotep.asp
Hymn to the Nile: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/ptahhotep.asp
Tales of Ancient Egypt: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/2200shipwreck.asp
The Great Hymn to
Aten: http://web.archive.org/web/19990221040703/http://puffin.creighton.edu/theo/simkins/tx/Aten.
html
A Spell for the Revival of Osiris: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/104.html
Creation by
Atum: http://web.archive.org/web/19981206050049/http://puffin.creighton.edu/theo/simkins/tx/Atu
m.html
Egyptian Love Poetry: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/2000egypt-love.asp
The Tale of Horus and the Pig: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/1900horuspig.asp
The Tale of the Eloquent Peasant: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/1800egypt-peasant.asp
When Cyrus the Great Was a Boy: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/xenophon-cyrusboy.asp
The Decree of Return for the Jews: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/539cyrus1.asp
Queen Tomyris of the Massagetai and the Defeat of the Persians Under
Cyrus: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/tomyris.asp
The Persians Reject Democracy: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/herodotus-persdemo.asp
Accounts of Persian Despotism and Law: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/persianlaw.asp
Zarathustra Reveals the Exemplarary Choice Which Took Place At the Begining of the
World: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/038.html
Zororastrian Dualist Cosmology: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/060.html
Aristotle: The Athenian Constitution http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/aristotle-athcon.txt
Documents of the Founding of Cyrene: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/630cyrene.asp
Heredotus: The Persian Wars, part 1 http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/herodotus-xerxes.asp
Heredotus: The Persian Wars, The Battle of
Marathon http://www.thenagain.info/Classes/Sources/Herodotus-Marathon.html
Documents of the Hopolite Revolution: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/hoplite-rev.asp
Thucydides: History of the Peloponnesian War: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/pwh/thuc6.asp
Thucydides: Pericles’ Funeral Oration: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/periclesfuneralspeech.asp
Aristotle, The Polis: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/Aristotle-politics-polis.asp
Heredotus: On the Kings of Sparta http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/herodotus-sparta1.asp
Xenophon: The Polity of the Spartans http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/herodotus-sparta1.asp
Xenophon: The Spartan War Machine http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/xenophonspartanwar.asp
Aristotle: The Spartan Constitution http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/aristotle-sparta.asp
Spartan Women: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/aristotle-spartanwomen.asp
The Battle of Leuctra: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/371leuctra.asp
Accounts of Hellenic Religious Beliefs: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/greekrel2.asp
Accounts of Personal Religion: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/personalrelig.asp
The Cult of Dionysus: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/147.html
The Initiates In the Orphic Pythagorean Brotherhood: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitivesto-zen/171.html
Even in the House of Hades There is Something Left: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-tozen/178.html
Plato, The Philosopher King: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/plato-republicphilosopherking.asp
The Law Code of Crete: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/450-gortyn.asp
Accounts of the Hellenic Games: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/greekgames.asp
The Lot of Hellenic Women: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/700greekwomen.asp
Lysistrata: http://eawc.evansville.edu/anthology/lysistrata.htm
On Men and Women: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/xenophon-genderroles.asp
Warren Cup: http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/D6XhBBXCTPy-tLxOUvy-FQ
The Roman Way of Declaring War: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/650livy1-34.asp
The Twelve Tables: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/12tables.asp
Chinese Accounts of Rome: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/eastasia/romchin1.asp
The Rebellion of Boudacia: http://www.athenapub.com/tacitus1.htm
Roman Soldiers: http://www.csun.edu/~hcfll004/soldiers.html
The Roman Army in the First Century: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/josephus-warb.asp
Letters of Roman Soldiers: http://www.csun.edu/~hcfll004/paplet1.htm
Julius Cesar on the Germans: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/51caesar-germans.asp
Letters of Sidonios: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/sidonius1.asp
Roman Educational Practices: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/roman-education1.asp
Letter Home of a Roman University Student: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/cicerojunior1.asp
Slavery in the Roman Republic: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/slavery-romrep1.asp
Inscriptions From Pompeii: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/pompeii-inscriptions.asp
The Institution of Roman Religion: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/7Cnuma.asp
A Roman Harvest Sacrifice: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/099.html
The Sacrificial Death of Decius: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/100.html
A Roman View of the Afterlife: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/180.html
The Women of Rome: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/juvenal6.asp
The Murder of Pedanius Segundas [Due to Sexual Jealousy]: http://www.sacredtexts.com/cla/tac/a14040.htm
The Death of Seneca: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/tacitus-ann15a.asp
A Record of the Buddhist Kingdoms: http://acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/texts/faxian.html
A Monk’s Report from China: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/corvino1.asp
The Manchu Emperor and Chinese Music: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1680halde2.asp
The Worship of Ancestors: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1900ancestors.asp
The Importance of Sitting: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/249.html
The Nihongi: http://www.sacred-texts.com/shi/nihon0.htm
The Laws of
Manu: http://web.archive.org/web/20000511162550/http://www.humanities.ccny.cuny.edu/history/re
ader/manu.htm
Varuna and Indra: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/023.html
A Vedic Hymn to the Goddess Earth: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/026.html
How May Varuna and I be Reunited?: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/135.html
Make Me Immortal: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/136.html
Vedic Funeral Hymn: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/163.html
The Indian Ascetic: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/163.html
The Creation of the World According to the Upanishads: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/fromprimitives-to-zen/058.html
How to Become a Gandharva: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/116.html
The Moment of Death: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/160.html
Jain Respect for Life: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/084.html
Jain Doctrines and Practices of Nonviolence: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-tozen/221.html
Jainism and the
Creation: http://web.archive.org/web/20000526052449/http://www.humanities.ccny.cuny.edu/history
/reader/jainmyth.htm
Gotama’s First Master: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/226.html
Gotama Buddha Ponders: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/228.html
Gotama Buddha Remembers His Earlier Existence: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-tozen/229.html
Sermons and Teachings: http://acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/texts/bud-ser.html
Buddha Talks of his Ascetic Practices: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/219.html
Gotama Buddha Practices the Most Severe Asceticism: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitivesto-zen/220.html
Mindfulness and Breathing: http://dharma.ncf.ca/introduction/sutras/breathing.html
Culasunnatta Sutra: http://www.well.com/~gilesgal/culasunn.html
The Buddha’s Words on Kindness: http://dharma.ncf.ca/introduction/sutras/metta-sutra.html
The Sermon on the Not-Self: http://acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/texts/anatta.txt
The Buddhist Conception of the Intermediate State: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-tozen/161.html
The Tibetan Book of the Dead: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/162.html
The Prophecy Concerning Maitreya: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/192.html
Ancient Accounts of Arabia: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/arabia1.asp
Selections from the LIfe of Muhammed: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/muhammadi-sira.asp
Selections from the Quran: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/koran-sel.asp
The Prophet Muhammed’s Last Sermon: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/muhm-sermon.asp
Hadith on Fasting: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/bukhari-fasting.asp
Muhammed Speaks of Allah: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/040.html
Allah is All-Knowing: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/041.html
Allah is the First and the Last: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/041.html
Muhammed’s Call: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/231.html
Allah Sent the Torah, the Prophets and Jesus: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-tozen/236.html
Al-Hasan Extolls Asceticism: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/223.html
Muhammed Speaks of the Day of Doom: http://www.mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-tozen/191.html
The Rememberance of Death and the Afterlife: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/alghazali.asp
The Discoverer of Truth: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1130Zamakhshari.asp
Rumi’s Poetry: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1250rumi-masnavi.asp
More Poetry by Rumi: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1250rumi-masnavi.asp
The Essays: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/860jahiz.asp
Ibn Battuta: Travels in Asia and Africa http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1354-ibnbattuta.asp
Ibn Battuta: Travels in
Mali http://web.archive.org/web/20010208213300/http://www.humanities.ccny.cuny.edu/history/read
er/battuta.htm
Ibn Sina: On Medicine: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1020Avicenna-Medicine.asp
The Impact of Muslim Science: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/adelardbath1.asp
Ibn Rushd: Religion and Philosophy http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1190averroes.asp
The Arabian Knights: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/pwh/arabian1.asp
On the Courtiers and Familiars of Kings: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/nizam-courtiers.asp
The Gulistan: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/sadi-gulistan2.asp
Indulgence for Fighting the Heathen: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/source/john2-ind878.asp
The Slaughter of the Rhineland Jews: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/source/1096jews.asp
The Crusaders in Mainz: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/source/1096jews-mainz.asp
The Crusaders Journey to Constantinople: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/source/cde-tocp.asp
Peter the Hermit and the Popular Account of the
Crusades: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/source/peterhermit.asp
The Siege and Capture of Jerusalem: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/source/cde-jlem.asp
The Siege and Capture of Nicea: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/source/cde-nicea.asp
The Taxes of the Kingdom of Jerusalem: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/source/taxesjlem.asp
Usmah Ibn Munqidh: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/source/Usamah2.asp
Muslim and Christian
Piety: http://web.archive.org/web/20010410021343/http://www.humanities.ccny.cuny.edu/history/rea
der/13thcpiety.htm
A Christian Muslim Debate of the 12th Century: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/christ-muslimdebate.asp
The Foundation of the Order of Knights Templar: http://legacy.fordham.edu/halsall/source/tyretemplars.html