Chapter 3
Review and Assessment
Key Terms
1. The charter enabled merchants to establish the colony of Virginia.
2. Because they didn’t believe that other
people could practice their own religions, some left the settlement and
founded new colonies elsewhere.
3. The backcountry was settled by ScotchIrish and Germans, or Pennsylvania
Dutch.
4. Town meetings set local taxes and elected people to run the towns.
5. New Jersey was controlled directly by
the English king.
Comprehension and Critical
Thinking
6. (a) A document signed by the Pilgrims
on board the Mayflower. (b) It called for
a government of “just and equal laws”
and emphasized the right of colonists to
govern themselves.
7. (a) They were both English religious
groups who established colonies in the
New World. (b) They were both religious groups who were persecuted for
their beliefs. Pilgrims were separatists
who wanted to worship in their own
way; Puritans wanted to reform the
English Church, not separate from it. (c)
They couldn’t because Puritans did not
believe in religious toleration for nonPuritans.
CHAPTER
Key Terms
Answer the following questions in complete sentences that show your understanding of the key
terms.
1. How did the charter of the Virginia Company
help the colonization of the Americas?
2. What problems resulted because Puritans did
not believe in religious toleration?
3. What groups settled in the backcountry?
4. How did town meetings affect the governing of
New England colonies?
5. Why was New Jersey a royal colony?
Comprehension and Critical Thinking
6. (a) Recall What was the Mayflower Compact?
(b) Apply Information Why do you think the
Mayflower Compact is an important part of our
country’s history?
7. (a) Identify Who were the Puritans and the
Pilgrims?
(b) Compare and Contrast How would
you compare and contrast the Pilgrims and
Puritans?
(c) Synthesize Do you think Puritans and
Pilgrims would worship together in America?
Explain.
8. (a) Summarize How does the Edward Hicks
painting below show the nature of
William Penn’s dealings with Native Americans?
(b) Contrast How would you contrast the way
colonists in Pennsylvania and in Massachusetts
got along with Native Americans?
8. (a) Possible answer: The painting
shows that Penn’s dealings with Native
Americans were friendly. (b) The colonists in Pennsylvania had a much better
relationship with the Native Americans
than did the Puritans in Massachusetts.
9. (a) In the Tidewater region, crops were
grown on plantations. In the backcountry, crops were grown on isolated
farms. (b) A plantation farmer in the
Tidewater would be more likely to support the Virginia government, which
would probably pass laws to protect his
economic interests.
History Reading Skill
10. Answers will vary according to choice
of colonies, but should demonstrate
accurate knowledge of the features of
the selected colonies as well as an
ability to compare and contrast.
96 Chapter 3
3 Review and Assessment
T/K
9. (a) Identify How was land farmed in the Tidewater region and in the Virginia backcountry?
(b) Draw Conclusions Would a farmer living in
the Tidewater or in the backcountry be more
likely to support the Virginia government?
Explain.
History Reading Skill
10. Compare and Contrast Choose any two colonies from among those discussed in Chapter 3.
Make a list of three important features of the
colonies. Then, compare and contrast these
features in the two colonies you have chosen.
Writing
11. Write two paragraphs on the following topic:
Describe the factors that led to the establishment of English and Spanish colonies in the
Americas.
12. Write a Dialogue:
Write a conversation that Roger Williams might
have had with William Penn. Include issues
about how their colonies were settled.
Skills for Life
Read a Primary Source
Use the primary source below by William Bradford,
governor of the Plymouth Colony, to answer the
questions that follow.
[1621] “[What] was most sad and lamentable
was that in two or three months’ time, half of
their company died, . . . being infected with
the scurvy and other diseases. . . . [I]n the time
of most distress, there were but six or seven
sound persons who . . . spared no pains night
or day, but with abundance of toil and hazard
to their own health fetched them wood, made
them fires . . . made their beds . . . and all this
willingly . . . without any grudging in the
least.”
—from the book Of Plymouth Plantation,
1620–1647, by William Bradford
13. Who wrote these observations?
14. Why did the author write this source?
15. How does the author show his feeling about
the people who cared for the sick colonists?
16. Do you think the author gives an accurate
view of the events? Why?
96 Chapter 3 Colonies Take Root
Writing
12. Students’ dialogues should address key
issues. Possible details: Rhode Island was
11. Students’ paragraphs should contain a
settled by Puritans, Pennsylvania was setsolid thesis statement and details that
tled by Quakers; both colonies allowed for
support the main idea. Possible thesis:
religious freedom.
England and Spain colonized the Americas
for both economic and religious reasons.
For a complete Four-Point rubric, see the
Possible details: Many English settlers
writing rubrics in the Teaching Resources.
came to the Americas for religious freedom;
Teaching Resources, Unit 1, p. 138
many Spanish settlers came to the Americas
to convert Native Americans to Christianity.
Chapter 3
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Review and Assessment
Test Yourself
1. D
2. C
1. Which of the following established the right of
American colonists to govern themselves?
3. What geographical feature helped New England
colonists?
A mercantilism
A long growing seasons
B pueblo
B mountains
C proprietary colony
C natural harbors
D Mayflower Compact
2. The followers of Nathaniel Bacon
D fertile soil
Refer to the passage below to answer Question 4.
A supported the governor of Virginia.
Roger Williams said that “God Land will be
as great a God with us English as God Gold
was with the Spanish.”
B had a profitable fur trade with the Native
Americans.
C were poor farmers seeking good farmland.
D were fully represented in the House of
Burgesses.
4. Which event can be judged as a result of the
colonists’ push for land in the Americas?
A Spanish missions in Florida
B King Philip’s War
C the settlement of Pennsylvania
D the establishment of presidios
Task: Look at Documents 1 and 2, and answer their
accompanying questions. Then, use the documents
and your knowledge of history to complete this
writing assignment:
Write a short essay explaining why these
two documents were important in the
development of democratic government
in America.
Document 1: The Ordinance for Virginia, dated
July 24, 1619, called for the creation of an assembly
chosen by and made up of colonists. The House of
Burgesses, as the assembly is known, marked the
beginning of representative government in
America. What powers did the Burgesses have?
Document 2: In 1620, the Pilgrims arrived in America.
While still aboard the Mayflower, they drew up
and signed the Mayflower Compact. What powers
did the Mayflower Compact give the Plymouth
settlers?
“We . . . combine ourselves together into a civil Body
Politick, . . . [to] enact, constitute, and frame, such just
and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions and
Offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most
meet and convenient for the general Good of the
Colony; unto which we promise all due Submission
and Obedience.”
3. C
4. B
Document-Based Questions
Answers
Document 1 The Burgesses had the power
to make, ordain, and enact laws.
Document 2 The Mayflower Compact
gave settlers the power to enact, constitute,
and frame laws for the good of the colony.
Rubric: Write an Essay
Share the rubric with students before they
begin writing.
Score 1 Ideas unclear, organization poor.
Score 2 Essay has few details that help
explain the importance of the Burgesses
Ordinance for Virginia and the Mayflower
Compact.
Score 3 Essay accurately describes the
importance of the Ordinance for Virginia
and the Mayflower Compact. (Both the
Ordinance for Virginia and the Mayflower
Compact gave American colonists the right to
govern themselves.)
Score 4 Essay is comprehensive and
detailed with clear organization and supporting details.
“And this General Assembly shall have free Power . . .
to make, ordain, and enact such general Laws and
Orders, for the Behoof [good] of the said Colony, and
the good government thereof. . . .”
Chapter Review and Assessment 97
Skills for Life
13. William Bradford
14. Possible answer: He wanted to describe
for others the details of life in the Plymouth Colony.
16. Possible answer: It seems accurate
because, although it contains Bradford’s
opinion of events, he does not seem to
exaggerate.
15. Possible answer: He speaks highly of
them for continuing to help run the
colony without complaining.
Chapter 3 97