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Chapter 12 Section Review Packet
Section 12-1: The Rise of Nationalism
Match the following terms to the correct definition:
1.
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9.
James Monroe_____
Rush-Bagot Agreement_____
Convention of 1818_____
John Quincy Adams_____
Juan de Onis_____
First Seminole War_____
Adams-Onis Treaty_____
Simon Bolivar_____
Monroe Doctrine_____
a. Agreement between United States and
Canada limiting naval power on the Great Lakes
b. Secretary of State during the Monroe
administration
c. Elected President of the United States in
1816, re-elected in 1820.
d. Spanish diplomat who negotiated the treaty
ceding Florida to the United States
e. War fought by Andrew Jackson against the
Seminole Indians in Florida
f. Called “The Liberator”, helped many Latin
American countries gain independence from
Spain.
g. Agreement that gave the US fishing rights off
Newfoundland and Labrador
h. Statement of US foreign policy that
European interference/colonization in the
western hemisphere would no longer be
tolerated
i. Treaty that ceded Florida from Spain to the
United States
Thoroughly answer the following questions:
10. a) What was the Era of Good Feelings and b) what brought it about?
a) Era of Good Feelings was period after War of 1812 during which country was “united” in good feelings
b) “Victory” over Britain in the War of 1812; Demise of Federalist Party after War of 1812 left the
Republican Party as the sole dominant political party and therefore there was little political
disagreement in the country, which was now focused on improvement and expansion
11. a) Explain Andrew Jackson’s actions in Florida. B) How did foreign countries react to his actions? c)
How did the American people react?
a) Chosen to secure border between US and Florida to prevent attacks by Seminole tribe against
American settlers in Georgia; Spain cedes Florida to the United States
b) Invaded Florida instead, attacking both Seminole tribe and Spanish forts, ousted Spanish governor
c) Foreign countries were shocked by his actions; Americans supported Jackson’s actions
12. a) Explain the events occurring in Latin America during the 1820s. b) How did this lead to the
Monroe Doctrine? c) What was Europe’s reaction to the Monroe Doctrine?
a) A series of revolutions led by Simon Bolivar led to the independence of various countries in Latin
America from Spain
b) Led the United States to declare that all European countries were no longer welcome to
colonize/interfere in Western Hemisphere (Monroe Doctrine)
c) Europe was angered by Monroe Doctrine but complied
Section 12-2: Expansion and Improvements
Match the following terms with the correct definition:
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18.
Henry Clay_____
Missouri Compromise_____
American System_____
Cumberland Road_____
Erie Canal_____
John Quincy Adams_____
a. Henry Clay’s plan for internal improvements
for the country, including roads and canals
b. First road built by the federal government
c. Elected President of the United States in
1824
d. Also known as the Great Pacificator, helped
broker the Missouri Compromise
e. Waterway that connected Albany to Buffalo,
New York on Lake Erie
f. Compromise that centered around Missouri’s
admission to the Union as a state
Thoroughly answer the following questions:
19. a) Explain the Missouri Compromise. b) What were its four main provisions? c) What politician
negotiated the agreement?
a) Missouri Compromise was an agreement that would allow Missouri to join the Union; would establish
rules for admission of future states with regards to the existence of slavery in those states
b) Maine would be admitted as a free state; Missouri would be admitted as a slave state; No more
slavery permitted above 36-30 line of latitude; From now on every time a slave state was added a free
state must be added, and visa-versa
c) Henry Clay of Kentucky helped negotiate the agreement, became known as the Great Pacificator
20. a) Explain the American System. b) What was its purpose? c) What was to fund this plan, and d)
whose idea was it?
a) American System was a plan to improve America’s transportation systems and infrastructure (roads
and canals)
b) To facilitate trade; help establish new markets/towns/cities in the West; to create more efficient, cost
effective ways of transporting goods throughout the country; help improve the country’s economy;
encourage westward growth
c) Tariffs (import taxes) would fund the plan
d) Plan was Henry Clay’s idea
21. a) Why were infrastructure projects like the Cumberland Road and Erie Canal important? b) What
benefits did they bring to Americans?
a) Projects such as these were important in order to connect the frontier areas of the country with large
markets and ports along the east coast; also encouraged westward growth and expansion
b) Benefits included faster, cheaper travel and transportation of goods and people; improved economic
growth
22. a) Who ran in the election of 1824? b) Who was the winner and c) why was his victory somewhat
controversial?
a) John Quincy Adams ran against Andrew Jackson
b) Jackson won popular vote but did not have the required number of electoral votes; JQ Adams won
the election through a vote in the House of Representatives
c) Victory controversial because election was decided in House of Representatives; Adams was
supported by Speaker of the House Henry Clay, who was later given position of Secretary of State in
Adams’s cabinet; appeared to be a political favor in exchange for Clay’s support
Section 12-3: The Age of Jackson
Match the following terms with the correct definition:
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35.
36.
Nominating convention_____
Andrew Jackson_____
Democratic Party_____
John C. Calhoun_____
Spoils system_____
Martin Van Buren_____
Tariff of Abominations_____
States’ rights_____
Nullification Crisis of 1832_____
Daniel Webster_____
McCulloch v. Maryland_____
Whig Party_____
Panic of 1837_____
William Henry Harrison_____
a. President elected in 1828
b. Whig Party Presidential candidate elected in
1840
c. Outspoken senator from Massachusetts that
opposed the idea of states’ rights
d. Term used by southerners to describe the
protective tax on imports
e. Economic depression that began during the
van Buren administration
f. Court case in which the Supreme Court ruled
that a state cannot tax a federal institution
g. Andrew Jackson’s Secretary of State and
then vice-president; won the Presidential
election of 1836
h. System in which political favors are granted
in exchange for support during elections
i. South Carolina politician that served under
Jackson as vice-president; later opposed the
tariff; supporter of states’ rights
j. Idea that the states have the right to rebel if
their rights are violated
k. Political party that formed in opposition to
Andrew Jackson
l. Crisis in which South Carolina refused to
enforce the federal tariff
m. Political party that formed in order to
ensure Andrew Jackson’s election as President
n. Public meetings held in order to select a
party’s presidential and vice-presidential
candidates
Thoroughly answer the following questions:
37. a) Explain how the election process changed from the earliest days of the United States to the mid1800s. Discuss voting rights and political conventions.
a) Voting rights expanded in many states to include more voters (non-land owners, etc.); Political parties
began to hold nominating conventions to select their Presidential candidates; became known as
“Jacksonian Democracy”
38. a) Explain the election of 1828. b) How did Andrew Jackson portray John Quincy Adams? c) How
did he portray himself?
a) Rematch between JQ Adams and Andrew Jackson in which Jackson won
b) Jackson portrayed Adams as a privileged son of a former President; New England “aristocrat”, not one
of the common people; Had everything in life handed to him, didn’t have to “work” hard like normal
Americans; Also used the controversy of the election of 1824 to portray Adams as corrupt
c) Jackson portrayed himself as a man from humble beginnings; self-educated; war hero; common
American more in touch with the people than Adams
39. a) Explain the conflict over the tariff. b) Why did northerners support it? c) Why were southerners
against it? d) What did opponents call the tariff?
a) The tariff (tax on imported goods) was a controversial issue and major issue of political debate
b) Northerners supported the tariff because it favored American manufacturing and trade by protecting
American industries from foreign competition
c) Southerners were against it because it raised the price of imported goods and harmed their ability to
export agricultural goods such as cotton and tobacco to Britain due to potential retaliatory tariffs on
American goods; felt it harmed their economy and favored the northern states; believed the tariff to be
unconstitutional
d) Opponents called the tariff the “Tariff of Abominations”
40. a) Explain the Nullification Crisis of 1832. b) What was the main argument used to nullify the tariff?
c) How did President Jackson respond to the crisis, and d) what was the end result?
a) South Carolina attempted to reject, or nullify, the federal government’s protective tariff, declaring it
unconstitutional; primary “nullifier” was South Carolina politician John C. Calhoun
b) Main argument used to nullify was the idea of states’ rights, or the right of the individual states to
reject a federal law that the states felt was unconstitutional
c) Jackson responded by threatening to send federal troops to SC if the state refused to obey federal law
d) SC backed down and agreed to enforce the tariff; foreshadowed future disagreements between
federal and state governments over states’ rights
41. a) Explain McCulloch v. Maryland. b) What were the facts of the case, and how did the c) Supreme
Court rule? d) What was the Court’s reasoning?
a) In McCulloch v. Maryland, the state of Maryland attempted to tax the Bank of the United States
b) James McCulloch, cashier at branch of BoUS in Maryland, sued by Maryland in federal court; case
went directly to Supreme Court
c) Court ruled in favor of McCullough (and the Bank/federal government)
d) Upheld constitutionality of BoUS, stating federal government could create bank through necessary
and proper clause (elastic clause); as to whether or not Maryland could tax the bank, Court pointed to
the Supremacy Clause in Constitution which stated that federal government was supreme power and
therefore a state could not tax a federally created institution
42. a) Why did the Whig Party form? b) Who was their first successful candidate for President?
a) Whig Party formed in response to Jackson’s overuse of Presidential powers; wanted a strong
legislature and a relatively weak executive (Presidency)
b) William Henry Harrison in the election of 1840
Section 12-4: Indian Removal
Match the following terms with the correct definition:
43.
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51.
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53.
Black Hawk_____
Indian Removal Act_____
Indian Territory_____
Bureau of Indian Affairs_____
Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek_____
Sequoya_____
John Ross_____
Worcester v. Georgia_____
Trail of Tears_____
Second Seminole War_____
Osceola_____
a. Chief of the Sauk Indians who fought against
removal of his people to the Indian Territory
b. Treaty signed by the Choctaw ceding land to
the United States
c. First elected leader of the Cherokee
d. War fought in Florida between indigenous
natives and the United States
e. Chief of the Seminole Indians
f. Act that set up the Indian Territory, created
the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and called for the
removal of native Americans to the Indian
Territory
g. Court case in which the Supreme Court ruled
that a state has no power to remove native
Americans from their land
h. Modern day Oklahoma, land set up for
native Americans
i. Federal agency created to oversee the
removal of native Americans to the Indian
Territory
j. Collective name given to journey of native
American tribes to the Indian Territory
k. Chief of the Cherokee, who attempted to
assimilate his people into American society
Thoroughly answer the following questions:
54. a) What law was passed to force native Americans to leave their ancestral homelands? b) Where
would the government relocate the native Americans? c) What agency was created to oversee this
process?
a) Indian Removal Act passed in order to evict native Americans from their lands
b) Government would relocate native Americans to the Indian Territory (Oklahoma)
c) Bureau of Indian Affairs created to oversee process
55. a) How did the Cherokee attempt to prevent being forced to leave their ancestral homeland?
a) Attempted to assimilate, or integrate, with “normal” American society ;Created own alphabet and
system of writing; Created a government modeled after US government (bicameral legislature, elected
tribal “President”); Established educational system to teach children to read and write English; Created
newspaper in both English and Cherokee language
56. a) Describe the journey of native Americans on the Trail of Tears.
a) Trail of Tears was a long, arduous, difficult journey from Georgia to Oklahoma in which thousands of
Cherokee died from starvation, cold, and disease
57. a) Explain the court case Worcester v. Georgia. b) How did the Supreme Court rule in this case? c)
Who was the President of the United States and how did he respond to the Supreme Court’s decision?
a) Cherokee tribe sued state of Georgia, which was attempting to remove Cherokee from their tribal
land; case went directly to Supreme Court
b) Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokee were an “independent” country and that Georgia had no
authority over them, only the federal government did
c) President Andrew Jackson ignored the Supreme Court’s decision, leading some to name him “King
Andrew I”; Allowed the expulsion of the Cherokee to the Indian Territory
58. a) Describe the Second Seminole War. b) How did the fate of the Seminole differ from the rest of
the native American tribes of the Southeast?
a) Second Seminole War was the Seminole tribe’s attempt to resist removal to the Indian Territory
b) Seminole successfully resisted federal government’s attempts to remove them; differed in that other
tribes of the southeastern US were not able to resist removal