The King's School Canterbury
Entrance Examinations (14+)
2015
SCIENCE
One Hour
This paper contains 13 questions on biology, chemistry and physics.
Attempt as many questions as you can, and do not worry if you have not covered all
the topics in your school.
There are 82 marks available.
You should show each step in your working and all rough work should be done on this
paper.
You will need a ruler.
You may use a calculator.
NAME:………………………………………
AGE:……………
PRESENT SCHOOL:…………………………………………………………..
Total…………………/82
…………………………..%
Page 1
The King's School Canterbury
Q1. Underline the correct word or phrase in the following questions.
a) Which one of the following is the smallest cell?
bacterium
human egg cell
nerve cell
photosynthetic plant cell
b) By what process is heat energy transferred to us from the sun?
conduction
convection
radiation
evaporation
c) Which of the following is the chemical symbol for sodium?
Sm
Na
S
Sn
d) Which one of the following is not a part of the digestive system?
kidney
large intestine
small intestine
stomach
Nm2
N/m2
Nm
e) A unit for pressure is
N/m3
f)
Which method of separation is best for purifying water containing small quantities of
dissolved minerals?
chromatography
evaporation
distillation
filtration
g) Which of the following describes a bat?
invertebrate without jointed legs
invertebrate with jointed legs
cold blooded vertebrate
warm blooded vertebrate
h) Which statement is false about the force of gravitational attraction?
it acts towards the centre of an object
it happens between all objects
it is larger if the mass of the object is larger
it decreases if the distance
between objects decreases
Page 2
The King's School Canterbury
i)
Which of the following is a harmless colourless gas at room temperature, formed by the
combustion of a fossil fuel?
nitrogen oxide
j)
carbon dioxide
water
carbon monoxide
Which food is a good source of vitamin C?
a piece of chicken
a potato
an orange
milk
k) If a car travels 600m in 60 seconds its speed will be
10m/s
l)
10mph
36000m/s
10 km/s
Which of the following food chains is in the wrong order?
plant plankton → animal plankton → krill → whale
fish → shrimps → seal → bear
fruit bush → field mouse → owl → fox
leaves → caterpillar → robin →hawk
Maximum 12 marks
Page 3
The King's School Canterbury
Q2.
In 2007, a new law came in to stop people smoking in public buildings.
(a)
Smoking can be very harmful.
Which three problems can be caused by smoking?
Tick the three correct boxes.
being out of
breath easily
lung cancer
being overweight
food poisoning
heart disease
2 marks
(b)
Some scientists investigate ‘passive smoking’. Passive smoking is when people
breathe in smoke from other people’s cigarettes.
They checked the health of three groups of people.
(i)
Which group of people breathe in the least cigarette smoke?
Tick the correct box.
group A
group B
group C
1 mark
(ii)
Which two groups will help scientists find out the effects of passive smoking?
Tick the two correct boxes.
group A
group B
group C
1 mark
Page 4
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(c)
People in group B are likely to have similar health problems to people in group C.
Explain why.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(d)
Four scientists investigated passive smoking. The table below shows the number of
people each scientist studied from each group.
scientist
group A
group B
group C
David
289
3
18
Olga
8
6
11
Peter
402
399
403
Mary
15
210
511
Which scientist is likely to get the most reliable results?
Tick the correct box.
David
Olga
Peter
Mary
1 mark
Explain why you have chosen this answer.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 7 marks
Page 5
The King's School Canterbury
Q3.
The drawings in parts (a), (b) and (c) show two teams of pupils in a tug-of-war.
There is a ribbon tied to the middle of the rope.
(a)
The sizes and directions of the forces of each team are shown.
team A
team B
The ribbon stays above point X on the ground.
Give the reason for this.
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)
The teams then pull with the forces shown below.
team A
team B
Draw an arrow on the rope to show the direction in which the ribbon will move.
1 mark
(c)
Later, the ribbon was to the left of point X as shown below.
team A
team B
Why did the ribbon move towards the left?
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................1 mark
Page 6
The King's School Canterbury
(d)
Team A practises by pulling a rope tied to a tree.
The team pulls with a force of 1200 N but the tree does not move.
What is the force of the tree on the rope?
Tick the correct box.
1 mark
(e)
The pupils do not slip because there is a force between their shoes and the
ground. What is the name of this force?
.............................................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Page 7
The King's School Canterbury
Q4.
Lavender oil is a perfume obtained from lavender flowers.
Steam at 100°C is passed through the flowers in the apparatus below.
not to scale
Water vapour and lavender oil vapour pass down a copper tube towards a separator.
(a)
(i)
The lavender flowers are heated in a container with a sealed lid.
Why must the lid be sealed?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
What would happen if the container did not have a pressure-release valve?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
Page 8
The King's School Canterbury
(b)
Lavender oil vapour and water vapour cool as they pass down the copper tube.
A mixture of lavender oil and water collects in the separator.
(i)
What is the change in the physical state of both lavender oil vapour
and water vapour as they cool?
from .................................. to ..................................
1 mark
(ii)
Look at the separator.
How does this show that the water is denser than lavender oil?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
Rosie poured some lavender oil into an oil burner.
She heated it with a candle.
The oil changed state.
Which diagram represents this change of state?
Write the letter.
..............
1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Page 9
The King's School Canterbury
Q5.
(a)
When fertilisation takes place, the nucleus of a sperm joins with the nucleus of
an ovum (egg).
In which part of the reproductive system does fertilisation normally take place in
humans?
Tick the correct box.
cervix
ovary
oviduct
uterus
1 mark
(b)
The table below gives information about fertilisation in three animals.
animal
Does fertilisation take place
inside or outside the body?
Number of eggs
released at a time
human
inside
1
bird
inside
4
frog
outside
3000
Frogs release their eggs and sperm into water.
The eggs are fertilised in the water.
Why is it an advantage for frogs to release large numbers of eggs and sperm?
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
Page 10
The King's School Canterbury
(c)
The diagram shows a section through a fertilised egg of a bird.
(i)
The shell of a bird’s egg is porous. This means it has microscopic holes in
it.
Why does it need to be porous?
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
Give one other function of the egg shell.
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(d)
A bird’s egg contains yolk which is a food store for the developing chick.
A human egg does not contain yolk.
Why does a human egg not need to contain a food store for the embryo?
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Page 11
The King's School Canterbury
Q6. Jenny put a spring
over a wooden rod.
She pressed the
spring down 2 cm.
She let go of the spring
and measured the
height it reached.
not to scale
Jenny repeated her experiment. She pressed the spring down more each time.
Her results are shown in the graph below.
Page 12
The King's School Canterbury
(a)
Use Jenny’s graph to complete the table below.
distance the spring was
pressed down (cm)
height the spring
reached (cm)
2
3
4
1 mark
(b)
Jenny said, ‘If I double the distance I press the spring down, the height it reaches
will also double’.
How do the results show she was wrong?
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
1 mark
Question 6 continues on the next page
Page 13
The King's School Canterbury
(c)
This diagram shows the moving spring in three different positions.
Complete the sentences below by choosing words from the box.
You can use each word more than once.
most
(i)
some
least
When the spring is moving at B it has kinetic energy and
.................................. gravitational potential energy.
1 mark
(ii)
When the spring reaches C it has .............................. gravitational potential
energy and .................................. kinetic energy.
1 mark
(iii)
When the spring stops at A it has .................................. kinetic energy and
.................................. gravitational potential energy.
1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Page 14
The King's School Canterbury
Q7.
A teacher mixed iron filings with sulphur on a metal tray.
She heated the mixture in a fume cupboard.
Sulphur is yellow. Iron filings are grey.
The mixture glowed very brightly. The teacher turned off the bunsen burner.
The glow spread through the mixture.
When the mixture cooled, a black solid called iron sulphide was left.
(a)
From this information, give one way you can tell that a chemical reaction took
place.
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)
What type of substance is each of the chemicals involved in this reaction?
Choose from:
metallic
element
mixture
non-metallic
element
compound
iron ...............................................................
sulphur .........................................................
iron sulphide .................................................
2 marks
Page 15
The King's School Canterbury
(c)
Raj held a magnet near to each of the three chemicals.
By each chemical in the table, write yes or no to show if the chemical was
magnetic.
One has been done for you.
chemical
Was the chemical
magnetic?
sulphur
iron
iron sulphide
no
1 mark
(d)
(i)
When iron is heated with sulphur, iron sulphide is formed.
Give the name of the solid formed when zinc is heated with sulphur.
................................................................................................................
(ii)
Some fossil fuels contain sulphur.
When fuels burn, sulphur reacts with oxygen.
Complete the word equation for this reaction.
sulphur + oxygen → .............................................................................
2 marks
maximum 6 marks
Page 16
The King's School Canterbury
Q8.
The information below comes from a newspaper report.
Scientists measured the oxygen levels in the water upstream and downstream from Pine
Bridge. The results are shown below.
(a)
(i)
What was the oxygen level in the river at Pine Bridge?
......................................... ppm
1 mark
(ii)
Describe what happens to the oxygen level in the river as you travel
downstream from Pine Bridge.
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
Page 17
The King's School Canterbury
(b)
Trout only live in water with oxygen levels higher than 20 ppm.
How far downstream from Pine Bridge would you be likely to find trout?
Write the unit.
..................................................
1 mark
(c)
The scientists collected samples of the river animals found at different places.
animals
collected
distance from Pine Bridge (km)
–2.0
–1.5
–1.0
–0.5
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
stonefly nymphs
mayfly nymphs
freshwater shrimps
caddis fly larvae
rat-tailed maggots
sludge worms
water lice
bloodworms
Trout only live in water with oxygen levels higher than 20 ppm.
Give the name of one other animal that only lives in oxygen levels above 20 ppm.
Use the table and the information above to help you.
..................................................
1 mark
(d)
Use the information above.
Name two animals that are only found when the oxygen level is below 10 ppm.
1. .....................................................
2. .....................................................
2 marks
(e)
In the river, trout are predators. Near Pine Bridge, the number of trout decreased.
Suggest one reason why pollution may cause the trout population to decrease.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 7 marks
Page 18
The King's School Canterbury
Q9.
Lorna built the circuit drawn below. All the bulbs are identical.
(a)
Complete the table below by writing on or off for each bulb.
3 marks
switch
bulb
S1
S2
A
B
C
D
open
open
off
off
off
off
open
closed
closed
open
closed
closed
Page 19
The King's School Canterbury
(b)
Lorna then built a different circuit as shown below.
How could Lorna get both bulbs to light at the same time in this circuit?
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 4 marks
Test continues on the next page
Page 20
The King's School Canterbury
Q10.
(a) The fire extinguisher below contains a compound called sodium
hydrogencarbonate.
The formula for sodium hydrogencarbonate is NaHCO3.
When sodium hydrogencarbonate is heated it breaks down to produce carbon
dioxide, water and a compound with the formula Na2CO3.
This is shown in the equation below.
(i)
Complete the word equation below.
sodium
hydrogencarbonate
carbon +
dioxide
water +
..............................
(Na2CO3)
1 mark
(ii)
Complete the table below to show the mass of water produced when 168 g of
sodium hydrogencarbonate breaks down completely.
reactant
or product
compound
mass (g)
sodium hydrogencarbonate
reactant
168
carbon dioxide
product
44
water
product
Na2CO3
product
106
1 mark
(iii)
How much carbon dioxide is produced when 336 g of sodium
hydrogencarbonate breaks down completely?
.............. g
1 mark
Page 21
The King's School Canterbury
(b)
The diagram below shows two other types of fire extinguisher.
contains carbon
dioxide gas
contains
water
To put out a fire, you have to do one or more of the following:
•
•
•
keep oxygen away from the fire
take the heat away from the fire
take the fuel away from the fire.
The density of carbon dioxide is about 1.8 g per 1000 cm3.
The density of air is about 1.2 g per 1000 cm3.
(i)
Use the information above to explain why carbon dioxide is used to put out
fires.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
2 marks
(ii)
When water from the fire extinguisher is sprayed over a fire, the water
evaporates.
Why does evaporation cool the fire down?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks
Page 22
The King's School Canterbury
Q11.
Josh has a helium-filled balloon.
(a)
He wants to calculate the speed of his balloon as it rises to the ceiling.
(i)
What two measurements should he take to calculate the average speed of his
balloon?
1 ..........................................................................................................
2 ..........................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
How can he use these measurements to calculate the speed of his balloon?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
Page 23
The King's School Canterbury
(b)
Josh attached different masses to his balloon. For each mass, he calculated the
speed of rise of the balloon. His results are shown below.
(i)
mass
(g)
speed of rise
(mm/s)
0
120
10
60
20
40
30
–20
40
–70
How does the table show that the balloon went downwards?
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
Josh plotted two points on the graph as shown.
Complete the graph by plotting the missing points and draw a line of best fit.
2 marks
Page 24
The King's School Canterbury
(iii)
From the graph, find the mass needed to keep the balloon floating in one
place.
........... g
1 mark
maximum 6 marks
Q12.
Kava is a drug. It dissolves in alcohol but not in water.
A scientist tested kava to see if it can reduce the human heart rate.
Before testing the drug on humans, she tested it on water fleas.
(a)
She gave two groups of water fleas a different treatment.
group
number of
water fleas
treatment
1
20
one drop of kava
dissolved in alcohol
2
20
one drop of alcohol
•
•
•
She placed the water fleas in a dish of water under a microscope.
She measured the heart rate of each water flea before the treatment.
She waited 30 seconds after the treatment was given and measured the
heart rate again.
• She calculated the average heart rate for each group.
(i)
Why did the scientist measure the heart rate of the water fleas before the
treatment?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
Page 25
The King's School Canterbury
(ii)
After giving the treatment, why did she wait for 30 seconds before
measuring the heart rate?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
(iii)
How could the scientist increase the reliability of the investigation?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)
The results of the experiment are shown below.
(i)
How will the results from group 2 help in the experiment?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
Page 26
The King's School Canterbury
(ii)
How can the scientist use the results above to work out the effect of kava
alone on the average heart rate of water fleas?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
From this experiment, why could she not be certain how kava will affect humans?
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks
Test continues on the next page
Page 27
The King's School Canterbury
Q13.
Six groups of pupils burned magnesium in air. The magnesium reacted with oxygen to
form magnesium oxide.
They recorded the mass of magnesium used and the mass of magnesium oxide
formed. Their results are shown in the table.
(a)
group
mass of magnesium (g)
mass of magnesium oxide (g)
A
3.2
5.2
B
3.8
6.5
C
4.2
7.0
D
4.9
8.6
E
5.4
8.0
F
6.1
10.7
Use their results to draw a graph below.
•
•
Decide the scale for each axis. • Plot the points.
Label the axes.
•
Draw a line of best fit.
4 marks
Page 28
The King's School Canterbury
(b)
(i)
Which group’s results do not fit the general pattern?
Give the letter.
1 mark
(ii)
How should the class deal with this ‘odd’ result?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
Use the graph to predict the mass of magnesium oxide that will be formed by
burning 7.0 g of magnesium.
............. 9
1 mark
(d)
The results show the relationship between the mass of magnesium and the mass
of magnesium oxide formed.
What conclusion could you draw about this relationship?
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 8 marks
END OF EXAM
Page 29
The King's School Canterbury
The King’s School
Canterbury
Entrance Examinations (14+)
SCIENCE
2013 - 14
One Hour
This paper contains 12 questions on biology, chemistry and physics.
Attempt as many questions as you can, and do not worry if you have not covered all the
topics in your school.
There are 72 marks available.
You should show each step in your working and all rough work should be done on this
paper.
You will need a ruler.
You may use a calculator.
COMMUNICATING WITH ANYBODY ELSE DURING THE EXAM, DIRECTLY OR
OTHERWISE (E.G. BY PHONE) MAY CAUSE YOUR APPLICATION TO BE REJECTED.
NAME:………………………………………
AGE:……………
PRESENT SCHOOL:…………………………………………………………..
Total…………………/72
…………………………..%
Page 1
The King's School Canterbury
1. Underline the word or phrase which best completes each of the following sentences.
a) Carbohydrates are needed by living things to provide
energy
liquid
immunity
minerals
b) When designing an experiment, all but the variable being tested should be kept constant. This is to
ensure
accuracy
precision
a fair test
repeatability
c) In a hot, dry country, the roots of plants are likely to be
deeper
thinner
flattened
absent
d) Which two gases are exchanged at the surface of an air sac in the lungs?
oxygen and nitrogen
hydrogen and oxygen
nitrogen and carbon dioxide
oxygen and carbon dioxide
e) A process which reduces the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is
burning wood
f)
photosynthesis
respiration
burning fossil fuels
making steel
putting out fires
Oxygen is used commercially for
filling airships
keeping ice cream
g) Sulphur is known as an element because it
is colourless
smells
is a non-metal
contains identical atoms
calcium chloride
copper oxide
get smaller
get closer together
h) The compound CaCO3 is known as
carbon dioxide
calcium carbonate
i) When a gas is heated its particles
move faster
get larger
j) A petrol-driven car usefully transforms chemical energy into
heat energy
light energy
kinetic energy
Page 2
potential energy
The King's School Canterbury
k) the weight of a 14-year-old child on the Moon is likely to be nearest
50 kg
500 N
100 N
10 000 N
l) a train travels at 80 km/h. In 2 hours 30 minutes it will travel
32 km
160 km
184 km
200 km
maximum 12 marks
2.
Some pupils put three identical trays of young plants in a greenhouse.
They gave the plants a little water each morning with a sprinkler.
The drawing shows the plants three weeks later.
(a)
(i)
Why did some of the plants in trays A and C not grow as well as the plants in tray B?
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
How would you move tray A to find out if your answer to part (i) is correct?
What result would you expect?
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
2 marks
Page 3
The King's School Canterbury
(b)
The sprinkler adds water to the soil. What else could the pupils add to the soil to help the
plants to grow well?
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
At the same time, the pupils grew another tray of the same type of plants.
They put the tray in a dark cupboard and kept the soil damp.
After three weeks, how were the plants grown in the dark different from the plants grown in
the greenhouse?
Tick two boxes.
The plants grown in the dark had:
larger leaves
longer stems
more leaves
paler leaves
more roots
2 marks
maximum 6 marks
3.
The table below gives information about three fuels that can be used in cars.
shows a substance is produced when the fuel burns.
X shows a substance is not produced when the fuel burns.
physical
state
energy
released,
in kJ/kg
petrol
liquid
48 000
hydrogen
gas
121 000
ethanol
(alcohol)
liquid
30 000
fuel
some of the substances produced
when the fuel burns
carbon
monoxide
sulphur
dioxide
X
X
X
Page 4
water
The King's School Canterbury
(a)
Which fuel, in the table, releases the least energy per kilogram (kg)?
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)
Some scientists say that if hydrogen is burned as a fuel there will be less pollution.
From the information in the table, give one reason why there will be less pollution.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
Which of the three fuels in the table can be compressed into a small container?
...................................................................
1 mark
(d)
Which gas in the air is needed for fuels to burn?
Tick the correct box.
carbon dioxide
nitrogen
oxygen
water vapour
1 mark
(e)
Petrol and ethanol are both fuels. Petrol is made from oil.
Scientists say that oil could run out in 100 years.
In some countries people plant sugar cane and use it to make ethanol.
Sugar cane will not run out. Explain why.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Page 5
The King's School Canterbury
4.
The drawing shows a snow-buggy being pulled by a sail.
The buggy rests on three skis on the snow.
(a)
The drawing shows four forces that act when the snow-buggy is moving.
Draw a line from each force in the list below to the correct letter from the
diagram. Draw only three lines.
3 marks
(b)
A scientist travelled 80 kilometres (km) each day in the buggy.
Page 6
The King's School Canterbury
How many kilometres did she travel in 10 days?
............. km
1 mark
(c)
The buggy carried the scientist, food and equipment for the journey.
The table shows how the total mass changed.
total mass at start of total mass at end of
journey (kg)
journey (kg)
mass of buggy, scientist,
food and equipment
295
130
The buggy sank deeper into the snow at the start of the journey than at the end.
Why did it sink deeper at the start? Use the table to help you.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(d)
The buggy rests on three skis instead of three wheels.
Why are skis better than wheels for travelling on snow?
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(e)
When a bigger sail is used, the buggy goes faster.
How does a bigger sail help the buggy to go faster?
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 7 marks
Page 7
The King's School Canterbury
5.
The drawings show a human, a chaffinch, a dog and a whale.
not to scale
One of these animals is a bird. The other three are mammals.
(a)
Which group do all four animals belong to?
...................................................................
1 mark
(b)
The drawings below show the bones of the front limbs of the four animals.
Some of the bones of the human limb are labelled.
not to scale
On the drawings, label:
Page 8
The King's School Canterbury
(i)
the ulna of the chaffinch;
1 mark
(ii)
the radius of the dog;
1 mark
(iii)
the humerus of the whale.
1 mark
(c)
Describe how the shape of the front limb of the whale is adapted for moving in water.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(d)
The bones of birds are hollow. How does this help birds to fly?
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks
6.
(a)
Max built circuit 1 as shown below.
circuit 1
He closed the switch, S, and all the bulbs came on.
One of the bulbs then broke and all the bulbs went off.
Which bulb must have broken? Give the letter.
...............
1 mark
Page 9
The King's School Canterbury
(b)
Max built circuit 2 as shown below.
He connected a plastic comb and a metal key in different parts of the circuit.
circuit 2
Look carefully at circuit 2.
Complete the table below to show which bulbs in circuit 2 will be on or off when different
switches are open or closed.
Write on or off in the boxes below.
switch 1
switch 2
bulb P
bulb Q
bulb R
open
open
off
off
off
open
closed
closed
open
2 marks
Page 10
The King's School Canterbury
(c)
Max built circuit 3 using a battery, two bulbs and three ammeters.
circuit 3
The current reading on ammeter A1 was 0.8 amps.
What would be the reading on ammeters A2 and A3?
Place one tick in the table by the correct pair of readings.
reading on
ammeter A2 (amps)
reading on
ammeter A3 (amps)
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.4
0.4
0.8
0.4
0.4
correct pair of
readings
1 mark
maximum 4 marks
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The King's School Canterbury
7.
The drawing below shows an alligator.
(a)
Alligators are carnivores. What does the word carnivore mean?
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)
Alligators lay eggs in nests made from plant material.
The eggs have tough shells containing calcium carbonate.
(i)
How does the eggshell help the developing alligator to survive before it
hatches?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
Rotting plant material in the nest is acidic.
When the acid comes into contact with calcium carbonate in the eggshell it
makes the shell weaker.
Why does the acid weaken the eggshell?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
(iii)
Suggest one reason why it is helpful to the developing alligator in the egg if
the eggshell becomes weaker.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
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The King's School Canterbury
(c)
The table below shows the percentage of female and male alligators
that hatch from the eggs when the eggs are kept at different temperatures.
(i)
temperature
(°C)
% eggs hatching
as females
% eggs hatching
as males
26
100
0
28
100
0
30
100
0
32
86
14
34
0
100
36
0
100
Use the table to suggest how a zookeeper could make sure only females
hatch from the eggs.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
Between which two temperatures are 50% of the eggs likely to hatch as
females?
Tick the correct box.
between 26°C and 30°C
between 30°C and 32°C
between 32°C and 34°C
between 34°C and 36°C
1 mark
maximum 6 marks
Page 13
The King's School Canterbury
8.
A science teacher showed her class three experiments, A, B and C.
The experiments and the word equations for the reactions that took place are shown
below.
All the experiments were done in a fume cupboard.
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The King's School Canterbury
(a)
From the substances in experiments A, B and C, above, give the name of:
(i)
one metallic element;
.............................................................
1 mark
(ii)
one non-metallic element;
.............................................................
1 mark
(iii)
two compounds.
................................................... and ...................................................
1 mark
(b)
In experiment B, the iron filings weighed 2.0 g at the beginning of the experiment
and the iron sulphide produced weighed 2.8 g.
Explain this increase in mass.
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
Complete the word equation for the chemical reaction in experiment C.
copper + chlorine
.............................................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Page 15
The King's School Canterbury
9. (a)
(i)
Air contains nitrogen.
In the box below draw five circles,
in nitrogen gas.
, to show the arrangement of particles
1 mark
(ii)
Zeena carries a personal emergency alarm.
It uses nitrogen gas to produce a very loud sound.
The nitrogen gas in the container is under much higher pressure than the
nitrogen gas in the air.
How does the arrangement of nitrogen particles change when the gas is
under higher pressure?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)
Use words from the boxes below to complete the sentence.
The rate at which the nitrogen particles hit the inside of the container
is........................................................... the rate at which nitrogen particles hit the outside
of the container.
1 mark
Page 16
The King's School Canterbury
(c)
Zeena pushes the lid down and nitrogen gas escapes through the diaphragm.
The diaphragm vibrates and produces a sound.
The pattern on the oscilloscope screen below represents the soundwave
produced by the alarm.
(i)
The loudness of the sound produced by the alarm decreases between
X and Y.
How can you tell this from the graph?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
The pitch of the sound produced by the alarm stays the same between
X and Y.
How can you tell this from the graph?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Page 17
The King's School Canterbury
10.
Maria and Georgios investigated the effect of temperature on the solubility of copper
sulphate.
They dissolved copper sulphate crystals in the same volume of water until no more
would dissolve. This means the solution was saturated.
They measured the mass of copper sulphate needed to make a saturated solution
using water at different temperatures.
They plotted their results on a grid.
(a)
(i)
One of the mass readings appears to be wrong (anomalous).
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The King's School Canterbury
Circle the anomalous result on the graph (on previous page).
1 mark
(ii)
Draw a smooth curve of best fit on the graph.
1 mark
(iii)
Use the graph to predict a more likely measurement of mass for the anomalous
result.
..................... g
1 mark
(b)
Suggest one mistake Georgios might have made to produce this anomalous result.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 4 marks
11.
John has a toy that fires a ‘pulse of air’. He fires it at ribbons in a doorway.
The ribbons move when the pulse of air hits them.
(a)
John’s friend measured how long it took for a pulse of air to travel different
distances to the ribbons.
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The King's School Canterbury
He used a digital stopwatch to measure the time between firing the toy and the
ribbons moving.
He took six measurements of time at each distance.
He recorded his results in a table.
distance from toy
to ribbons (m)
average time
(s)
time measured (s)
6
0.37
0.45
0.48
0.33
0.29
0.42
0.4
10
0.66
0.77
0.73
0.72
0.76
0.70
0.7
14
1.24
1.31
1.27
1.67
1.18
1.19
1.3
18
2.30
2.27
2.39
2.15
2.23
2.34
2.3
Give one cause of the differences in the measurements of the time for the same
distance.
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)
John’s teacher said, ‘In other investigations we have usually plotted time on the
x-axis and distance on the y-axis of a graph.
We should do the opposite with the data in the table.’
Explain why the y-axis should be labelled with time in this investigation.
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
(i)
Plot the average times against distance on the graph on the next page.
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The King's School Canterbury
1 mark
(ii)
Draw a curve of best fit on the graph.
1 mark
(d)
Which of the following statements is the most likely explanation of why the line on
the graph is curved?
Tick one the box.
The pulse of air spreads out as it travels.
The pulse of air slows down as it travels.
The pulse of air travels at constant speed.
The pulse of air does not travel in a straight line.
1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Page 21
The King's School Canterbury
12.
(a)
The diagram shows two types of cell in the lining of the airway leading to the lungs.
When a person breathes in cigarette smoke, cilia are damaged and much more
mucus is produced.
What will be the consequences of this?
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
2 marks
(b)
Sharna is addicted to smoking and wants to stop.
Instead of smoking she puts nicotine patches on her skin.
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The King's School Canterbury
The table shows the mass of nicotine in different patches and the number of
weeks each type of patch is used over an eight-week period.
mass of nicotine in
each patch (mg)
21
14
7
weeks
1-4
5-6
7-8
Use information in the table to describe how this eight-week course of treatment
should help to reduce Sharna’s addiction to smoking.
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
2 marks
(c)
The diagram below shows a nicotine molecule.
It contains atoms of three elements
(i)
Nicotine is a compound. How does the diagram show this?
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii)
When nicotine in a cigarette is burned in air, nitric oxide is formed from the
nitrogen in the nicotine.
Look at the elements in nicotine.
Give the names of two other compounds formed when nicotine burns in air.
1 .............................................................................................................
2 .............................................................................................................
2 marks
maximum 7 marks
Page 23
The King's School Canterbury
END OF EXAM
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