• Form is related to
function
• Characteristics can be
used to group or
classify objects
Definitions
Definition : Form - The
shape of something.
Definition :Function The job something is
intended to do.
Classification System
• Definition - Classification is the
process of grouping things based on
their similarities.
• Biologists use classification to
organize living things into groups so
that the organisms are easier to
study.
Classification System
• Classifying things makes it easier
to organize them.
• Organizing things into smaller
groups with similar properties helps
us find what we’re looking for.
How would you find your
favorite song in a music
store?
Classification System
• Definition – Taxonomy is the study
of how living things are classified.
• Taxonomy also involves naming
organisms.
• Carolus Linnaeus devised a system
of naming organisms that is still
used today.
Classification System
• Linnaeus placed organisms in groups
based on their observable features.
• Linnaeus gave each organism a
unique two-part scientific name.
• This naming system that Linnaeus
created is called binomial
nomenclature.
Binomial Nomenclature
• Definition – Genus is a classification grouping
that contains similar, closely related
organisms.
– The genus is the first word in an organism’s
scientific name.
– The second word in an organism’s name describes a
unique feature of the organism.
• Definition – Species is a group of similar
organisms that can mate with each other and
produce offspring that can also mate and
reproduce.
– The two words of an organism’s name indicate a
unique species.
Binomial Nomenclature
• An organism’s scientific name is written in
italics.
• Only the first letter of the genus is
capitalized.
• The scientific names contain Latin words
because its the language that scientists used
during the time Linnaeus developed the
system.
• Example:
Marmota monax
• Binomial nomenclature makes it easy for
scientists to communicate because everyone
uses the same name for the same organism.
Levels of Classification
• The modern classification system uses a
series of eight levels to classify
organisms.
• The more classification levels that two
organisms share the more
characteristics they have in common.
Levels of Classification
• Domain – the highest level of organization
-Kingdom
•
-Phyla (singular Phylum )
•
•
-Classes
-Orders
•
-Families
•
•
-Genera
(singular Genus)
•
-Species
•
Classification of Living Thing
Naming Examples
Division
Cat
Dog
Human
Kingdom
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Chordata
Chordata
Class
Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia
Order
Carnivora
Carnivora
Primates
Family
Felidae
Canidae
Hominidae
Genus
Felis
Canis
Homo
Species
Felis
Canis
domesticus familiaris
Homo
sapiens
• Activity:
Shoe Sort
Domains and Kingdoms
• A three domain system of classification
is commonly used.
• Organisms are placed into domains and
kingdoms based on their cell type, their
ability to make food, and the number of
cells in their bodies.
• The three domains are Bacteria,
Archaea, and Eukarya.
Bacteria
• Members of the Bacteria domain are
prokaryotes.
• Definition – A prokaryote is an organism
whose cells do not have nuclei (singular
nucleus).
• Members of the domain Bacteria are all
around you.
• Some are autotrophs and some are
heterotrophs.
Archaea
• Archaea can be found in some of the
most extreme environments on Earth,
such as hot springs, very salty water, and
intestines of cows.
• Scientists believe the harsh living
conditions of archaea are similar to
those of ancient Earth.
• Archaea are unicellular prokaryotes.
• Some are autotrophs and some are
heterotrophs.
Eukarya
• Organisms in the Eukarya domain are
eukaryotes.
• Definition – Eukaryotes are organisms whose
cells contain nuclei (singular nucleus).
• Scientists classify the domain Eukarya into four
kingdoms:
– Protists
– Fungi
– Plants
– Animals
Eukarya
• Protists – A protist is any organism that cannot be
classified as an animal, plant, or fungus.
• Fungi – Most fungi are multicellular heterotrophs found
everywhere on land that feed by absorbing nutrients from dead
or decaying organisms. A few are unicellular and a few live in
fresh water. Example - mushrooms
• Plants – Plants are multicellular autotrophs that
mostly live on land.
• Plants provide food for most of the heterotrophs on land.
• Some plants produce flowers.
• Animals – Animals are multicellular heterotrophs that
have adaptations that allow them to locate, capture,
eat and digest food.
• Members of the animal kingdom live in diverse environments
throughout Earth.
• Activity:
Turn Over a New Leaf
• Homework:
Classification
Reading: Go back to the Moodle topic
outline page and click on the
resource titled “Form and Function”.
Answer the Student Book questions
on the following slides in your
science notebook using complete
sentences. Write the questions and
answers.
1. What do we mean by the word
“function?”
2. List two things beavers could not
do if they didn’t have their tail.
3. Why is Carolus Linnaeus famous?
4. A dichotomous _____ branches
into _____ groups at every step to
allow scientists to identify objects.