International Journal of Basic Sciences & Applied Research. Vol., 3 (SP), 219-225, 2014
Available online at http://www.isicenter.org
ISSN 2147-3749 ©2014
A Comparison between Onomatopoeia and Sound Symbolism in Persian and English
and Their Application in the Discourse of Advertisements
Kambuziya Aliyeh1*, Rahmani Zeinolabedin2
1Associate
2Ph.D.
Professor, Linguistics Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran, Tehran
Candidate, Linguistics Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran, Tehran
*Corresponding
Author Email: [email protected]
Abstract
In this paper, first some English and Persian onomatopoeia and sound symbolism have
randomly been selected from different internet sites and books to be contrastively compared
in order to see the differences and similarities in their kinds of phonemes, and then their
application in the discourse of advertisements is studied. Regarding the first hypothesis, we
came to the conclusion that some onomatopoeic activities in Persian and English were
different especially concerning animal voices which can be due to the different species of
animals, different phonological or morphological systems of every language, but the rest
onomatopoeic sounds were to some extent similar having minor differences phonologically
like in their syllables. According to the second hypothesis, we can not only make use of
onomatopoeia in our advertisements like "Mmmm Cookies" and "Pepsi puffs but also of the
potential ability of sound symbolism; for instance, manufacturers can use fricative sounds to
label their detergents more successfully due to the likely innate potential of fricative sounds
as scratching, coarseness and wounding.
Keywords: Alliteration, Commercial brands, Onomatopoeia, Publicity, Sound symbolism.
Introduction
In 1930, the applied scientific studies on natural non-arbitrary words (onomatopoeia) began which drew the attention of both
psychologists and linguists. While the paradigm of science changed from structuralism to generativism and from behaviorism to
cognitivism, attitudes toward these kinds of words have been more or less stable (Sobkowiak, 1990). According to its etymology, it's
from Late Latin word in which onoma means name or word and Poiein means sing or make which in Persian it's called "Namava"or
"Avazhe". Onomatopoeia in different languages can express moods, emotions and actions besides labeling objects (Yule, 1996). As
an example, tick tock of a clock is a label for its action and zig zag of a car is a mood of its action. Due to the penetration of
onomatopoeia to people's culture, it can be used as all forms of verbs, adjectives and adverbs (Dofs, 2008). According to Saussure,
the difference among onomatopoeic words in languages is minor and can be ignored, in other words, he believed that because
these words are derived from nature sounds, they are more or less used with the same pronunciation in different languages, but
some other linguists like Jespersen (1933) considers these differences more seriously.
In spite of the importance of onomatopoeia in the world’s languages, the linguistic study of them is pitifully inadequate. Many
linguistics regarded onomatopoeia as “second class citizens among words, since they are often polysemous, while at the same time,
paradoxically, applicable to only a narrow semantic range (Falk, 1978). Onomatopoetic words have a definite relationship to what
they represent, thus they are not entirely arbitrary. However, different languages represent the same natural sounds in slightly
different ways, meaning that they are not completely non-arbitrary either. It's not just the characteristics of words which can provoke
connotative meanings in the minds, but symbolism sounds can also create a strong sense towards something they are used in. In
other words, it can be taken into account that phonemes can have meanings, ideas, or feelings and most meanings of the words are
applied by them (Wood, 2006).
Research questions
 What are the similarities and differences of English and Persian onomatopoeia and sound symbolism in their kinds of sounds and
phonemes?
 How are onomatopoeia, alliteration and sound symbolism applied in the discourse of advertisements?
912
Intl. J. Basic. Sci. Appl. Res. Vol., 3 (SP), 219-225, 2014
Previous studies
Onomatopoeia
Müller (1891) regarded onomatopes as merely “playthings”, and not as a part of the language system. He argued that
onomatopes are rootless meaning they have no etymology, and are unproductive, which means they cannot generate new words. In
contrary to this matter, Jespersen later pointed out that the word cuckold was a derived word from cuckoo. Onomatopoeia is a
modified type of coining in which a word is formed as an imitation of some natural sound. Onomatopoeia behaves differently in
comparison to other processes of word formation meaning it lies outside of language itself due to being from natural sounds (Falk,
1978). Seyyedi and Akhlaghi (2013) contrary to Müller (1891) above, contented that onomatopoeia are not merely “playthings” which
children learn in kindergarten, even adults with or without noticing it, do use a lot of them. As a matter of fact, languages rely a great
deal on onomatopoeia to describe actions. When onomatopoeia are used, there are four main functions, either to enrich the contents
of texts, and giving more vivid description of the environment, or to increase the degree of musicality of the spoken and written texts
and to deepen the impression of readers towards the message. There are four functions of onomatopoeia, as bellow:
 Calls of animals
 Sounds of nature
 Sounds made by human
 Miscellaneous sounds.
The researchers read the Quran, Holy Book, to find its onomatopoeia and to categorize the detected onomatopoeia into the
aforementioned four groups. They concluded that the numbers of the detected onomatopoeia were a few. According to this
research, there are just nine onomatopoetic words among 77701 words of Qur’an. Three onomatopoeic words were regarding to the
calls of animals, mooing of the cow once in Baqara Chapter (Surah) and once in Taha Chapter and voice of the bird "hoopoe" once
in Naml Chapter. Two onomatopoeia to the sounds of natural sounds, thunder sound, once in Raad Surah and once in Baqara and
four to sounds of human beings such as sounds relating to whisper (once) and groan (three times) respectively in Taha, Hud, Anbiya
and Bible. Anderson (1998) believes that there are four objections of onomatopoeia on linguistic grounds proposed by some
linguists. The objections are as follows:
 Onomatopes are conventional signs and they are not imitative echoes.
 Even if we accept that onomatopes are imitative echoes, they are not non-arbitrary.
 They exist on the margin of language, not as part of langue.
 They are not accurately imitative natural sounds.
Regarding the objections above, Anderson pointed out that due to the constraints of phonological systems and the structure of
the human vocal tract, the capacity of human to mimic sounds is limited and exact imitation of natural sounds by human is not
possible, hence objection four is true but nevertheless cannot be used to prove that onomatopes are merely conventional. Moreover,
since onomatopes are constrained by the phonological systems of different languages, they can only be partial imitation of natural
sounds. As a matter of fact, onomatopoeia is a kind of iconism, and iconism only requires a partial resemblance of the referent
(Anderson, 1998). Thomas and Clara (2004) in an article compared onomatopes of the world’s languages phonologically. In order to
conduct such a cross-linguistic comparison and investigating the universal features, data of 12 languages from different language
families were collected.
Ten of them were first-hand data from native speakers collected either in person or through the Internet, while the other two
were second-hand data from Internet web sites and dictionaries. And they concluded that onomatopes are a distinct class of words,
they are universal to languages. They are found in every language and due to their imitative nature, they often share some universal
characteristics in different languages. Despite a common origin, they are influenced or restricted by the different phonological
systems in different language and they are as productive as any other words. Hence, they can develop into nouns, verbs, adjectives
and adverbs, which become part of our everyday vocabulary. Sangoi (2012), states that there are lots of different examples of
onomatopoeia in the newspapers’ comic section, old comic books, children story book and also in fairy tales. It can be well
concluded from his article that how the phonemes from our surrounding context can be good examples of the onomatopoeic words
which can be used in comic books and also how the lettering of these onomatopoeic words enhance the beauty of comic books
(Guajarati) effectively.
Alliteration
Alliteration is defined as a repetition of the first sound or sounds in two or more words that follow each other in succession.
These words may be adjacent or may be separated by a word or even a few words. A simple example is "A charming chinchilla
chiseled chopsticks cheerfully". Alliteration is found very often in poetry; but, is also found in many works of literature because it adds
interest to the written and spoken word. It is a powerful rhetorical device used not only by poets but also by the masterful media and
advertisers. It is carefully used for crafted product names, slogans which easily can stick in our heads due to having musical rhythm
to our ears – the images that they invoke entice and excite us like Dunkin Donuts, Black Berry, Coca Cola, Chuckee Cheese in
English products and Lop Lop, Pam Pam in Persian products. Firth (1935) narrating from Jespersen 1933 also dealt with
Phonestheme which is a particular sound or sound sequence suggesting a certain meaning; for example, in words like glimmer,
glitter and glisten, the initial cluster [gl] is associated with vision and light. He also states that some sounds have innate meanings. In
his idea, the first cluster of [fl] in float, fluid, flee, flow and fly refers to movement and escape (Bolinger, 1950).
992
Intl. J. Basic. Sci. Appl. Res. Vol., 3 (SP), 219-225, 2014
Iconicity
Vahidian (1990) compared Persian equivalence of two cloth of "silk" and "canves" as "harir" and "karbas" respectively and
believes that the common phonological features of sonority and lax among [ɒ], [r], [i:] in "Harir" (silk) and specially its first phone [h]
correspond with the softness of the cloth; On the contrary, the systematic arrangements of phones in "karbas" (canvas), and
specially the initial phone [c] shows the coarseness of the cloth "karbas" against "harir". Iconicity in semiotics is the conceived
similarity or analogy between the form of a sign and its meaning, as opposed to arbitrariness. Jespersen exemplified the front high
vowel [i] as inducing the sense of smallness such as in teeny and wee and the back open vowel [â] induces power like in the word
large (Jespersen, 1922).
Sapir (1929) investigated the connotative meanings of concepts used with opened and closed vowels and indicated sound
symbolism of words and Jorgensen (1967) dealt with the connotative meanings of lightness vs. darkness and hardness vs. softness
of words. Dofs (2008) believed that the onomatopoeia and iconicity between English and Swedish and made a comparison between
the animal sounds of both languages summing up although the sounds of animals are the same in all countries, the way of labeling
for them in different languages is different and accordingly they are pronounced and applied differently. Hence Dofs doesn't consider
them perfect iconic sounds due to not having the same form and meaning.
Methodology
In this research regarding onomatopoeia first of all some Persian onomatopoeia were collected randomly from different
sources for example Persian onomatopoeia was gathered by looking at supermarket products and English one from internet sites
then they are compared contrastively to find similarities and differences between their sounds and phonemes. As Naturalists like
Socrates believed there is a natural relationship between forms and meanings and exemplified the sounds of [r] and [l] in Latin as
movement and softness respectively (Hayes, 1994); accordingly Persian and English sound symbolism were gathered from different
books, journals and internet sites to be compared because of having some innate meanings and hence may cleverly be used in
advertising and labeling of products. To this purpose, Persian and English brands of products are gathered to see how much the
manufactures are aware of the fact that using for example the fricative sounds for their brands of detergents is useful to entice and
motivate the customers to buy their products and vice versa using them for the brands of soft products such as tissue papers and
diapers is not beneficent enough.
Results and Discussion
According to Saussure (1933), the difference among onomatopoeia is rather minor and can be ignored. In other words, he
believed that because these kinds of words were derived from nature sounds, they are more or less used with the same
pronunciation. And also according to Dofs (2008), these natural sounds are not considered as perfect iconic. He believes that the
sounds of animals as an example, are the same in all countries but the way of labeling in different languages is different. Before
dealing with these issues, it is worthy of attention that in the following section, first some Persian and English onomatopoeia in tables
attaches as appendix are compared and described to find their similarities and differences phonologically. According to table 1
(appendix A), onomatopoeic activities in Persian and English can be classified into three groups:
 More similar such as, activities of numbers 3, 10, 21, 22, 25 and 26 as in hushing, crashing, laughing, meowing, voice of sheep
and wolf yapping respectively.
 Pretty similar such as, activities of numbers 1, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19 and 23 as in baby's crying, clock ticking, cow mooing,
crying of pain and sneezing.
 Quite different such as, activities of numbers 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 11, 15, 16, 20 and 24 as in barking, birdcall, bumbling, chicken clucking,
cock crow, crow croaking, dripping water, duck quacking, knocking and snoring.
On the basis of table 1, in Persian, the first syllable is repeated in most of the onomatopoeia making onomatopoeia sounds
like in /hap hap /, /vag vag /, /dʒic dʒic /, /Vizz Vizz /, /tik tik /, /maa maa /, /qaar qaar/, /ærr ærr/, /di:ng di:ng /, /tʃek tʃek/ , /mæg
mæg /, /ham ham /, /bʊm bʊm /, /matʃ matʃ / and in /takh takh/, but in English in most of the cases we see that in the second syllable
the nucleus vowel is different from that of the first syllable like in /tik tak/ , /di:ng dʊng /, /dri:p drap / and /ba bʊmp. Regarding group
one group one (more similar onomatopoeia between English and Persian) and group two (approximately similar) above, we can say
they are somewhat mimic sounds of the things that they refer to, then they cannot be considered as quite arbitrary sounds therefore,
they can be called as onomatopoeia. However, according to group three above, while the two languages represent the same objects
but they are recorded by different sounds, and none of them in any language is similar to natural sounds meaning they are not
completely natural and hence they cannot be taken into account as onomatopoeia.
991
Intl. J. Basic. Sci. Appl. Res. Vol., 3 (SP), 219-225, 2014
Activity
1
Baby's crying
Persian Onomatopoeia
/ʊwæh/
English Onomatopoeia
/wah-wah/
2
Barking
/hap hap/ /vaq vaq/
/Wu:f /
3
Hushing
/ʃ ʃ/ /S S/
/ʃ ʃ/ /S S/
4
Birdcall
/dʒic dʒic/
/tʃrip tʃrip/ /tʃip tʃip/
5
Bumbling
/Vizz Vizz/
/Bʊzz bʊzz/
6
Chicken Clucking
/qʊd qʊd qʊda/
/Klak Klak/
7
Clock Ticking
/tik tik /
/tik tak/
8
Cock Crow
/qooqooli qooqoo/
/kak a doodl doo/
9
Cow Mooing
/maa maa/
/moo moo/
10
Crashing
/ boom/ /ʃætæræq/
/ bæng/ / boom/
11
Crow Croaking
/Gaar Gaar/
/kaʊ kaʊ/
12
13
Crying of pain
Donkey Braying
/ax/
/ærr ærr/ /hiha/
/oʊtʃ/ /aq/
/hi: haʊ/
14
Doorbell Sound
/di:ng di:ng/
/di:ng dʊng/
15
Dripping Water
/tʃek tʃek/
/dri:p drap/
16
Duck Quacking
/mæg mæg/
/kʊæk kʊæk/
17
Eating
/ham ham/ /mælætʃ molʊtʃ/
/yum yum/
18
Heartbeat
/bʊm bʊm/ /tap tap/
/ba bʊmp/
19
Kissing
/matʃ matʃ/
/mwah/ /Smu:tʃ/
20
Knocking the door
/tæG tæG/
/nʌk nʌk/
21
Laughing
/ha ha/ /Gah Gah/
/ha ha/
22
Meowing
/miju miju/
/miju miju/
23
Sneezing
/hæptʃeh/
/æti:shoo/ /ætʃoo/
24
Snoring
/xorr-o-poff/
/zzz…/
25
Voice of the sheep
/bææ… bææ/
/bææ… bææ/
26
Wolf' Yapping
/awu awu/
/awu: awu:/
Table 1. Some persian and english onomatopoeia.
Innate meanings of some phonemes
As Jorgensen (1967), Sapir (1929), Jespersen, (1922), Bolinger, (1950), Hayes (1994), Vahidian Kamyar (1990) and Saussure
(1916) mentioned phonemes can express meanings, ideas, or feelings and most parts of meanings of the words are applied by
them.Vestergaard and Schroder (1985) stated that in cleaning products and detergents, fricative sounds like [ f], [ v], [ʃ], due to
having friction characteristic are used in English cleaning Products like Frish, Vim and Cif. These sounds can connotatively create
the meanings of scratches, abrasion and detergency in the minds of people; hence applying fricative sounds are not recommended
in products like tissue papers, diapers, lotions and moisturizers.In accordance with table 2, it should be considered that although
phonemes in different languages have different meanings due to different phonological system, but the following consonants and
vowels seem to have more or less similar meanings in the two languages:
 Consonants: The coronal stop sounds [t], and [d] mean speed, the fricative ones [x], [s], [ʃ], [ʒ], [f], [v] scratch and wound, the
lateral and trill ones [l] and [r] continuity, the bilabial stops [b] power and dignity and also [p] power and spreading.
 Vowels: the front vowels [i], [e] and [æ] means proximity and smallness, the middle back round vowel [o] greatness, dignity and
round, the high back round vowel [u] distance and space, the low back round vowel [a] power, greatness and senior.
Table 2. A number of sound symbolisms of the two languages from different authors narrating by Abelin Asa (1999).
Bolinger (1950), Bloomfield
(1933) and Firth (1935:17)
Abelin (1999) narrating from
Humboldt (1836)
999
sound
//Gl-
Concept in English
lightness
/Fl-/
Movements and escape
/N-/
Firmness
Concept in Persian
There is no consonant
cluster in
Persian onset of syllables.
Intl. J. Basic. Sci. Appl. Res. Vol., 3 (SP), 219-225, 2014
/W-/
/r/
/i/
Plato: (sounds and meaning
discussed in Cratylos on
Greek)
Faroughi (2010)
Vahidiyan Kamyar (1990)
Jeseren (1922:402)
/d/, /t/
Random movement
movement
All fineness (it can
penetrate everything)
(Everything similar to
airstream)
Binding and standing still
l//
/a/
e//
/o/
Gliding and movement
Size of largeness
Length
roundness
(ph, ps, s, z)
/n/
/a/
ʃ//
/s/
/h/ in"harir"
(a kind of soft cloth)
/k/ in "karbas"
(a kind of coarse cloth)
/i/
The coronal stop sounds/ t/, and /d/
the fricatives /s/, /z/, /f/, /v/, /ʃ/, …
the laterals and trills /l/, /r/
the bilabial stops /b/
the bilabial stops /p/
the front vowels/ i/, /e/ and /æ/
the back vowel /o/
the high back round vowel /u/
the low back round vowel /a/
Distance. Eg. In "door"
and "dir"
Gliding
Wideness
Pause and filler
Roundness and swelling
displeasure
continuity
glee and joy
Sadness and frigidity
softness
coarseness
Smallness and continuity
speed
scratch and wound
continuity
power and dignity
power and spreading
proximity and smallness
greatness, dignity
distance and space
power, greatness and senior
speed
scratch and wound
continuity
power and dignity
power and spreading
proximity and smallness
greatness, dignity
distance and space
power, greatness and
senior
Application of onomatopoeia, alliteration and sound symbolism in advertisements
Onomatopoeia has frequently been used in media and advertising. It is commonly found in commercials for popular name
brands. Onomatopoeia is a device that is used because it helps engage the audiences as well as help them remember a nifty jingle
or clever commercial. For instance the slogan for the antacid and pain reliever is "Plop, plop, fizz, fizz", which can mean a quick
relief. Klunk! Klick! Every trip is UK promotion to encourage the wearing of car seat belts. These sounds are used in road safety
advertisements. In the UK, the onomatopoeia clunk, click which is the sound of a seatbelt when a person clamps is reminded by
professional advertisers; its equivalence, click clack in Australia, used for the same goal on such signs.
Figure 1. Brands of some products based on iconicity, alliteration and onomatopoeia.
992
Intl. J. Basic. Sci. Appl. Res. Vol., 3 (SP), 219-225, 2014
Regarding the figure one above the three products of "pepsi", "kick" and "fresh fish" have used the advantage of alliteration, for
instance fresh fish has been initiated and ended with the same sounds of /f/ and /ʃ/ respectively and in advertising cookies,
onomatopoeic word of "Mmmm" has been used as "Mmmm Cookies" very purposefully. This onomatopoeia in the same way could
be brightly used for the above product "Minoo", as "Mmmm Minoo" and the product "Pepsi" could be used with onomatopoeia "Puffs"
as "Pepsi Puffs".The ultimate secret behind marketing or advertisements in one word is memorability. Consumers respond the most
to products that have catchy tunes and slogans associated with them. Although catchiness can't replace quality, witty slogans and
tunes will make them even more marketable.
Hence, these natural and none-arbitrary sounds of onomatopoeia besides alliterations and sound symbolism can be used in
advertising due to their good characteristics of communications; for example, Words like "Snap, crackle and pop" are used in the
product of Rice Krispies as Snap crackle pop, in which every single word as defined in the footnote is to some extent natural sound
(Wood, 2006). In table 3 (appendix C), four products of diapers, tissue papers and moisturizers have intentionally been chosen due
to having the characteristics of either softness or scratchy and abrasive (detergents) to see how much advertisers use sound
symbolism for their products, here for example how much do they use fricative sounds for detergents and non-fricative ones for soft
products such as diapers, tissue papers and moisturizers.
Table 3. Brand Names of four Products in Iran and Foreign Marketing.
Detergents
Iranian Brand
SÁF
Golrang
Barf
Raxŝ
Darya
Softlan
Yás
Saviz
Van
Váŝ
Táž
Foreigners' brand
Surf
Cascade
Wisk
Moisturizers
Iranian Brand
Samin
Naminik
Taknaz
Pars
Foreigners' brand
Kings shaves
Oláy
Bull dog
Astral
Natio
B.b
Pond's
Pai
Dov
Lab
Diapers
Iranian brand
Harir
Molfix
Pampers
Merci
Mámá
Primá
Hagis
Nastaran
Panberiz
Foreigners' brand
Drypers
Luvs
Tessy
Cruisers
Softee
Tissue papers
Iranian brand
Harir
Golriz
Golrang
Softlan
Narmeh
Shokooh
Nansy
Foreigners' brand
Cottonelle
Wool worths
Vinda
Kleenex
Scott
Angel soft
White cloud
Fricative sounds are used in both Iran and English products for example in Persian products, sounds [s] and[f] in "Saf" and
"Saftlan", [Ʃ] in Raxŝ, [V] in Active, [S] in Yas, Arous and Sehat, [V] in Van, and Vaŝ, [S] and [Z] in Saviz, and in English products,
sounds like [s] and [f] in SURF, [s] in CASCADE, WISK, PUREX and in BORAX are playing the role of cleansing. Creation of innate
meaning isn’t done just by fricative sounds but other phonemes applied in the brands may have some effects. For example sound
symbolism of [g] meaning greatness and dignity (table two) has been used as the first and final sound of "GOLRANG". The sound
symbolism of [b] meaning power and dignity has been used as the first sound of English product BORAX which seems can help the
products to sound much more like detergents. Dealing with diapers, tissue papers and moisturizers (appendix c) considerable
numbers of both Iranian and English brands unlike we expected have used fricative sounds meaning scratch and wound, such as [s]
in "Samin", "Pars", "Molfix', "Nastaran", "Tessy", "Softee", "Softlan", "Angel Soft", "Nansy", "Kleenex", 'Scott", 'Wool Worths', [Z] in
"Taknaz", "Kings Shaves", "Ponds", 'Luvs", "Vind' and [F] in "Softee", "Softlan", "Angel Soft " and [V] in "Dov", "Luvs" and "Vinda".
By the way, the roles of sound symbolism and alliteration can be influential enough in "B.B", and "MAMA", in both of them we
can see alliteration in their first and second syllables and also the role of sound symbolism of the brands shouldn’t be ignored; for
example /B/ means power and dignity in the product of "B.B", /M/ and /A/ means excellent and greatness in "MAMA".
Conclusion
Regarding table one, Regarding table one, classification of group one (more similar onomatopoeia such as, activities of
hushing, crashing, laughing, meowing, voice of sheep and wolf yapping respectively), and group two (pretty similar ones such as,
activities of baby's crying, clock ticking, cow mooing, crying of pain and sneezing) as Saussure 1933 said it can be to some extent
true that the difference among onomatopoeia is rather minor and can be ignored, in other words, he believed that because these
kinds of words were derived from nature sounds, they are more or less used with the same pronunciation in languages that by this
study it can be considered. Regarding table one, classification of group three (quite different onomatopoeia such as, activities of
barking, birdcall, bumbling, chicken clucking, cock crow, crow croaking, dripping water, duck quacking, knocking and snoring), as
Dofs 2008 said these natural sounds are not considered as perfect iconic.
992
Intl. J. Basic. Sci. Appl. Res. Vol., 3 (SP), 219-225, 2014
He believes that the sounds of animals for example are the same in all countries but the way of labeling in different languages
is different. It can be because of different species of the same animals, different phonological or morphological systems of
languages.We saw that although phonemes in different languages can have different meanings regarding table two due to different
phonological system, both consonants and vowels seems to have more or less the same meanings in the two languages. In this
research, regarding our first hypothesis, we came to the conclusion that some onomatopoeic activities in Persian and English were
different especially concerning animal voices which can be due to different species of animals, different phonological or
morphological systems of every language meaning that these natural sounds shouldn’t be considered as perfect iconic, but the rest
onomatopoeic sounds were to some extent similar having minor differences in spelling and or pronunciation. According to the
second hypothesis of this research, we can use not only from onomatopoeia and alliteration in our advertisements but also from the
potential of sound symbolism. For example, fricative sounds due to having innate meaning are playing their roles very cleverly in
detergents and cleansing products. They express meanings, ideas, or feelings and hence they innately create meanings in the
minds of their customers.To sum up, the roles of onomatopoeia, sound symbolism and alliteration along with arbitrary words should
not be ignored in advertisements because they can bring success to a company providing that the quality of the product should be
excellent too.
References
Abelin A ,1999. Studies in Sound Symbolism, Doctoral Dissertation. MA Thesis, Goteborg University.
Anderson ER, 1998. A grammar of iconism. London: Associated University Publications.
Bloomfield L, 1933. Language. NY: Henry Holt Publications.
Bolinger DR, 1950. Assonance and Morpheme Analysis. Word. 23: 117-134.
Dofs E, 2008. Onomatopoeia and Iconicity (A Comparative Study of English and Swedish Animal Sounds). MA Thesis, Karstads
University.
Falk JS, 1978. Linguistics and Language a Survey of Basic Concepts and Implications. NY: John Wiley and Sons Publications.
Faroughi J, 2010. Review and analysis of a poem based on Jacobson. Journal of Persian language and literature. 10: 15-19.
Firth JR, 1935. The Use and Distribution of Certain English Sounds. English Studies. 14: 27-29
Hayes CW, 1994. ABC'S of language and linguistics. Qom: Akhgar Publications.
Jespersen O, 1922. language: its nature, development and origion. London: Allen and Unwin Publications.
Jespersen O, 1933. Symbolic Value of the Vowel in Linguistic, selected papers in English, French and German. Copenhag: Levin
and Munksgard Publications.
Jorgensen EF, 1967. Perceptual Dimensions of Vowels in: To Honour Roman Jakobson. Mouton: The Hague Publications.
Müller M, 1891. The Science of Language. Lectures Delivered at the Royal Institute in 1861 and 1863. NY: Charles Scribner’s Sons
Publications.
Nicola W, 2006. Describing Discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Publications.
Sangoi KS, 2012. Typography in Publication Design. US: Onomatopoeia with Comic Books Publications.
Sapir E, 1929. A Study in Phonotic Symbolism. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 29: 36-42.
Saussure FD, 1916. Cours de Linguistique Générale. Paris: Payot Publications.
Seyyedi H, Akhlaghi E, 2013. The Study of Onomatopoeia in the Muslims' Holy Write: Qur'an. Language in India. 23: 13-25.
Thomas TW, Clara CH, 2004. Charecteristics of Onomatopoeia. Journal of Lin 1001 Discovering Linguistics. 6: 12-18.
Ultan R, 1978. Size-sound symbolism. NY: Universals of human Language Publications.
Vahidian K, 1990. The music of phonemes and words. Danesh Publication. 60: 55-61.
Vestergaard T, Schroder K, 1985. The Language of Advertising. Oxford: Blackwell Publications.
Yule G, 2006. The Study of Language. 3rd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Publications.
992