Movement into the Civil War
 Famous
Book
 Geography and Economy
 Kansas-Nebraska Act
 Dred Scott vs. Sandford
 Lincoln-Douglas Debates
 Conclusion
 ALWAYS
an issue in American politics
• Northwest Ordinance of 1787
• Slave trade over in 1807
• Fugitive Slave Clause
• Missouri Compromise
• “Gag Rule” in Congress
• Compromise of 1850
 By 1850s
• Slavery = main topic in politics
 Uncle Tom’s
Cabin, 1851
• Harriet Beecher Stowe
• Book banned in South
 South
focused on agriculture
• Eli Whitney’s “cotton gin” (1793)
 1790 = 1.5 million pounds/cotton
 1810 = 85 million pounds/cotton
• Economy became dependent on slavery
 ~25% of South owned slaves by 1860
 25%
of South owned slaves
 Of that 25%
• 52% owned 1-5 slaves
• 35% owned 6-9 slaves
• 11% owned 20-99 slaves
• 1% owned 100 or more slaves
 North’s
economy industrialized
• Began with textile mills
• Mills spread throughout New England
 Needed ways to move goods
1. National Road
2. Canals (Erie Canal, 1825)
3. Steamboats
4. Railroads – mostly in north
 Video
 Industrialization
led to “urbanization”
 Large cities emerged in the North
 Immigrant populations found work
 Reading on Irish
 Arguments
grew over “transcontinental
railroad”
• Stephen Douglas (Illinois Senator) made
new plan to end Missouri Compromise
 Allow settlers to vote on slavery
• 1854, Kansas-Nebraska Act passed
 Bloodshed quickly followed
 Thousands
went to Kansas to vote
• 2,905 registered voters/6,307 ballots cast
• Mini civil war = “Bleeding Kansas”
 Tarred/feathered, kidnapped, 55 killed
 Vote
created pro-slavery government
• Anti-Slavery group set up own government
 John
Brown = extreme abolitionist
• Participated in Bleeding Kansas
5 men dragged out and hacked to death
 Charles
Sumner = Mass. Senator
• Called Kansas-Nebraska Act “a swindle”
• Attacked in Senate with a cane
 Northerners
outraged
• Many quit Democrat Party
• Whig Party split over slavery
 New parties emerged in 1850s
• Free Soil Party
• Republican Party
• Nativists/Know Nothings – “Gangs of New York”
movie
• Election of 1856 had 3 parties run
 Dred
Scott sued for freedom
 Supreme Court’s 2 rulings:
• Scott wasn’t a citizen
• Missouri Compromise unconstitutional
 South saw it as a victory
 Northerners worried slavery couldn’t be
banned
 Split
Democrat Party, strengthened
Republican Party
 John Brown inspired again
 Harpers Ferry, Virginia = US arsenal
 Brown became both saint/demon
 Video
 Video
 Competition
over Illinois Senate seat 1858
 Stephen Douglas (Democrat)
• “Little Giant” 5’ 4”
 Abraham Lincoln (Republican 6’ 4”)
“He is the strong man of the party – full of
wit, facts, dates, and the best stump
speaker, with his droll ways and dry jokes,
in the West. He is as honest as he is
shrewd.”
- Stephen Douglas on Lincoln
 Lincoln
challenged Douglas to 7 debates
Main topic = slavery
 Lincoln won long war, lost the battle
• Douglas said each state had right over slavery
• South wanted slavery EVERYWHERE
 Result of debates
• Douglas won Senate seat, lost southern support
• Lincoln became famous
“A house divided against itself cannot stand.
I believe this government cannot endure,
permanently half slave and half free.
I do not expect the Union to be dissolved; I do
not expect the house to fall; but I do expect it will
cease to be divided. It will become all one thing,
or all the other. Either the opponents of slavery
will arrest the further spread of it, and place it
where the public mind shall rest in the belief that
it is in course of ultimate extinction; or its
advocates will push it forward, till it shall become
alike lawful in all the States, old as well as new –
North as well as South.”
 Two
societies emerged by 1850s
• South and agriculture
• North and industrialization/urbanization
 LOTS of infrastructure
 Slavery became THE focus of politics
• Popular sovereignty
• Bleeding Kansas
• John Brown
• Constitutionality
• Debate topic