Idiomatic Expressions
Idiomatic expressions are a type of informal English that have a meaning different from the
meaning of the words in the expression.
1. She was tickled pink by the good news.

Made very happy
2. You were hands down the best player on the team.

There was no competition
3. I've been feeling pretty down in the dumps lately.

Sad or depressed
4. I'm feeling sick as a dog!

Very sick
5. I've been feeling under the weather.

Not well
6. Rise and shine!

Wake up and be happy!
7. Close, but no cigar.

You were very close, but you did not make it.
8. I could play outside till the cows come home.

For a very long time
9. Wow! It's raining cats and dogs out there!

Very hard rain
10. That sound is driving me up the wall!

Making me very annoyed
11. This assignment is a piece of cake.

Very easy
12. Although he broke the rules, he was only given a slap on the wrist.

A mild punishment
13. Yikes! This shirt costs an arm and a leg.

It is extremely expensive.
14. No, I was just pulling your leg.

Just joking
15. It's Greek to me!

I don't understand.
16. Keep your chin up.

Be happy.
17. Hold your horses.

Be patient.
18. We're all in the same boat.

All of us are in the same position.
19. He's a bit of a loose cannon.

Unpredictable
20. I will clean my room when pigs fly.

Never
1. Acid Test:
Meaning - Acid test proves the effectiveness of
something.
Example - I practiced hard at the dance sessions but the acid test will come when the master will assess
our solo performances.
2. Cut the ground from under feet :
Meaning - When you cut the ground from under someone's feet, you do something which weakens
their position.
Example - When team India hit more than 350 runs in the ODI, they cut the ground from under the
opponent's feet.
3. Chase your tail:
Meaning - Spending a lot of time and energy doing a lot of things but actually achieving too little.
Example - He's been chasing his tail all week collecting data but the report is still not ready
4. Whole bag of tricks Meaning - Means trying all the clever means to achieve something.
Example - It was really difficult to find the information even after applying the whole bag of tricks.
5. Deliver the goods Meaning - Do what is expected or promised.
Example - I have given my car to a new mechanic for repair, hope he delivers the goods.
6. Fine-tooth comb Meaning - Examining something carefully to not miss out any details.
Example - The boss examined my report with a fine tooth comb before submitting it to the senior
management.
7. Explore all avenues
Meaning - Trying out every possibility to get a result.
Example - It is a difficult thing to do but if we really want it done, we must explore all avenues.
8. Fast track something Meaning - Rating something higher on your priority list to achieve the desired result.
Example - In view of the seriousness of the crime, the civil society is pressing up on a fast track
decision from the court.
9 . Get ducks in a row Meaning - Getting your things well organized.
Example - To ensure a successful product launch, we must get our ducks in a row.
10. Get the show on the road Meaning - Putting up a plan or idea into action.
Example - Now that we have compeleted all the legal formalities, let's get the show on the road.
11. Keep your fingers on the pulse Meaning - Being constantly aware of the most recent developments.
Example - An entrepreneur must keep his fingers on the pulse of the market to be successful.
12. Mean business Meaning - Being serious about what you announce.
Example - Now that all our policies about work are put up on intranet, we mean business.
13. Think on your feet Meaning - Adjusting quickly to changes and making fast decisions.
Example - A good sales man must be able to think on his feet to close the deal.
14. Sail through something Meaning - Being successful in doing something without difficulty.
Example - The presentation at the national conference was extremely important for the company. We
sailed through it.
15. Tricks of the trade :
Meaning - Clever or expert way of doing something.
Example - Being into the construction business for last 10 years, I know all tricks of the trade.
16. Not let grass grow under feet Meaning - Don't delay in getting something done.
Example - As soon as he finished all the registration formalities, he put the house on sale. He doesn't
let the grass grow under his feet.
17. Work like a charm Meaning - Works very well or has the desired effect.
Example - I had cloves from my sore throat and they worked like a charm.
18. Back-room boys Meaning - People who perform important work but have no contact with the public.
Example - Our back room boys deserve an applause for the success of this advertisement.
19. Dead wood Meaning - People or things which are no longer useful or necessary.
Example - The company bought in a lot of new computers. They no longer want the dead woods.
20. Get the axe Meaning - lose the job.
Example - The projects team was undergoing a major restructuring, recruitment executives were the
first to get the axe.
21. Plum job Meaning - Desirable position which is well-paid and considered relatively easy .
Example - This looks like a plum job but it has its own bunch of complications.
22. Shape up or ship out Meaning - This expression is used to warn someone that if they do not improvetheir ways, they will
have to leave their job.
Example - When Tom started neglecting the customers, he was told to shape up or ship out.
23. Golden handshake Meaning - Big sum of money given to a person when they leave a company or retire.
Example - The management of various PSUs wanted to cut down on the man power. They offered a
golden hand shake to many of their aged employees.
24. Separate sheep from goats Meaning - Examining a group of people and deciding their suitability
Example - Audition test was conducted by the director to separate sheep from goats.
25. Waiting in the wings Meaning - Waiting for an opportunity to take action, mostly to replace someone else in their job.
Example - The senior manager is going to retire in next 2 months. Two of his juniors who are waiting
in the wings will have a fierce competition.
26. Eat, sleep and breathe something Meaning - Being so enthusiastic and passionate
about somehting that you think about it all the time.
Example - My son has recently learnt cycling. He
eats, sleeps and breathes it now.
27. With bells on Meaning - When you are delighted and eager to go
somewhere, you are said to go with bells on.
Example - The new year party at the beach is most
awaited. I will be there - with bells on.
28. Fever pitch Meaning - When a feeling is very intense and
exciting, it is said to be at a fever pitch.
Example - His love for music had reached a fever
pitch before he became a world known musician.
29. Blood, sweat and tears Meaning - Something that requires a lot of effort and hard work.
Example - Being the team of Indian cricket team is not just a matter of luck for him, it is his blood,
sweat and tears which has got him here.
30. Have on the brain Meaning - Thinking or talking about it all day long.
Example - He has just got engaged. Now, he has his fiance on his brain all the time.
31. Fling yourself into Meaning - Doing something with a lot of energy and enthusiasm.
Example - Flinging himself into the exercise routine is the reason for his good physique.
32. Raring to go Meaning - Being very eager and enthusiastic about the idea of doing something.
Example - My kids wish to see the animals. They are raring to go to zoo.
33. Xerox subsidy Meaning - Using the office photocopier for personal use.
Example - The office now has a strict policy about xerox subsidy.
34. Get a grip on yourself Meaning - Controlling your feelings to deal with a situation.
Example - Reema saw her jwellery and cash missing from the almirah. After the initial shock, she got a
grip on herself and called up the police.
35. Hang on by fingernails Meaning - Continuing to do something in a very difficult situation.
Example - The market of watches has suffered a big loss after the arrival of mobile phones. The
survivors are just hanging on by their fingernails.
36. Pull out all the stops Meaning - Doing everything you can to make something successful.
Example - The deadline for the project is fast arriving; we have pulled out all the stops for timely
completion.
37. Buckle down Meaning - Doing some hard work with determination and full attention.
Example - Getting through the exam for civil services is possible when you have buckled down
yourself.
38. First out of the gate Meaning - Being the first one to make a start at something.
Example - John and his friends had decided to voice their opinion against the new economic policy.
John was the first one to be out of the gate.
39. Going places Meaning - Exhibiting talent and ability that will lead to a successful future.
Example - Rakesh was a performer at the school sports club. It was obvious that he was going places.
40. Have one's heart set on Meaning - Possessing a determination to obtain something.
Example - He has not become a renowned cardiologist just by chance. He has his heart set on it after
his father passed away with a cardiac arrest.
41. Make headway Meaning - Progress in what you are trying to achieve.
Example - The police have made a headway with their investigation in the terror attack on the city last
friday.
42. Punch above one's weightMeaning - Performing beyond your ability.
Example - He was not the best swimmer around but he could win the gold medal at the state
swimming competition by working hard and punching above his weight in the finals.
43. Sink your teeth into Meaning - doing something with a lot of energy and enthusiasm.
Example - Marie joined the badminton coaching classes. She sank her teeth into the practice sessions.
44. Stand one's ground Meaning - Maintaining your position.
Example - He stood his ground in support of his friend inspite of several family interferences.
45. Close to home Meaning - A comment which is true and makes you uncomfortable is close to home.
Example - Tom's comment about his friend's unethical activities was quite close to home. He looked
quite embarassed.
46. Carry the torch for Meaning - Having strong feelings for someone who can not be yours.
Example - He has been carrying a torch for Mamta, who is now married to Nitin, since they studied
together in college.
47. Cork up something Meaning - Failing to express your emotions.
Example - She did not let her grief pour out when her father passed away. Its not good for her to cork
up his feelings.
48. Cut to the quick Meaning - Hurting someone deeply or offending them.
Example - Joe had worked for 10 years with all his loyalty for his company. He was cut to the quick
when his boss held him responsible for the theft.
49. Fish out of water Meaning - Feeling uncomfortable in unfamiliar surroundings.
Example - Being a french, I felt like a fish out of water in the group of Japanese
50. Bee in one's bonnet Meaning - Carrying an idea which constantly occupies your thoughts.
Example - She is not happy in Africa. She has a bee in he bonnet about moving to Dubai.
51. Deep down Meaning - Describing what a person really feels
deep inside or what is he like.
Example - He appears to be indifferent to the
success or failure of his children but deep down he
is highly concerned.
52. Have your heart in the right place Meaning - Refers to a person with good intentions;
even though the results are not that impressive.
Example - The dinner she had cooked wasn't the
best but she had her heart in the right place.
53. Groan inwardly Meaning - Refers to a feeling where you want to express despair, disapproval or distress, but you keep
quite.
Example - She was quite disappointed at the sarcastic remark by her friend but looking at the situation
sh groaned inwardly.
54. Beard the lion in his den Meaning - Challenge someone in his own area.
Example - If he doesn't come to see me today, I'll have to beard the lion in his den.
55. Keep a stiff upper lip Meaning - Refers to a person who doesn't show off his emotions.
Example - He heard the news about his father's demise but kept a stiff upper lip.
56. Go bananas Meaning - Refers to someone who behaves in a crazy way out of emotions.
Example - Your decision to go abroad for a year will make your family go bananas.
57. Lump in your throat Meaning - Refers to a tight feeling in your throat because of an emotion like sadness or gratitude.
Example - After all the hardships, I saw my son winning a gold medal today - I had a lump in my
throat.
58. Hard as nails Meaning - Refers to a person without sentiments and sympathy for anyone.
Example - He has become as hard as a nail after his brother was brutally murdered.
59. Lick one's wounds Meaning - Trying to regain their confidence or boost up the spirits after a defeat.
Example - Raja is licking his wounds after being dropped from the Indian Cricket Team.
60. Proud as a peacock Meaning - Refers to an extremely proud person.
Example - His son is has finally become a doctor. He is as proud as a peacock.
61. Tongue-tied Meaning - Difficulty in expressing yourself because of nervousness or embarrassment.
Example - As her prospective in laws came to see her, she was completely tongue tied.
62. Look on the bright side Meaning - View an unpleasant situation in a positive light.
Example - You met with an accident but look on the bright side - you managed to get away just with
some bruises.
63. Swallow one's pride Meaning - Accepting something humiliating or embarrassing.
Example - When his son was caught cheating in the exam. He had to swallow his pride and meet the
principal.
64. Makes your flesh crawl Meaning - Something that makes you feel disgusting or nervous.
Example - The sight of the accident made my flesh crawl.
65. Speak volumes Meaning - Expresses a reaction without words.
Example - She came to pick me at the station at an odd hour. Her actions spoke volumes about her
bravity.
66. Not turn a hair Meaning - Refers to not exhibiting any emotion where it is expected.
Example - He didn't turn a hair even after his office was raided by the CBI.
67. Reduce to tears Meaning - Getting into tears because of some one's behavior.
Example - Her best friend stopped talking to her. This reduced her to tears.
68. In the bag Meaning - Refers to a situation when you are sure that success is sure.
Example - The wickets of opponent team fell down very fast, vistory seemed to be in the bag at the
end of 25 overs.
69. Blow up in face Meaning - Refers to a situation when a plan or project suddenly fails.
Example - It was difficult to get a place in the train to Mumbai. It blew up in the face when a train derailed and blocked the track.
70. Bottom fell out Meaning - Refers to a situation when a plan or project fails.
Example - When the police announced a red alert in the city, the bottom fell out of their plan to hold a
rally.
71.Cake not worth the candle Meaning - Refers to something in which result vs efforts are too less.
Example - He worked very hard to organize the party but very few guests walked in. The cake wasn't
worth the candle.
72. Chance one's arm Meaning - Deciding to do something even though the chances of sucess are very little.
Example - She knew there was little chance of getting through the audition test but she decided to
chance her arm.
73. Come up roses Meaning - Successful end results even though there may be some initial hiccups.
Example - After initial hiccups, the project seems to be coming up roses.
74. Cook someone's goose Meaning - Spoil other person's chances of success.
Example - When the opponent team saw Indian batsmen taking wicket after wicket, they realised that
their goose was cooked.
75. Cut one's own throat Meaning - Doing something that will cause your own failure.
Example - Raghav is not sincere in the class since the beginning. He is cutting his own throat.
6. Foot in the door Meaning - Small but good start with a possibility
for a bright future.
Example - With customers coming in, his new
venture has got a foot in the door.
77. Go great guns Meaning - Being successful.
Example - Ram's preparation for the final exams is
going great guns. He scored 90% marks in the
practice test.
78. Dead in the water Meaning - Plan or project that has ceased to
function and is not expected to be re-activated in
future.
Example - Because of the revolt from the civil
society, the plan to get the FDI in various sectors is
now dead in the water.
79. Flying start Meaning - Something that is immediately successful.
Example - The film hit the box office with a flying start and collected the highest revenue on day 1.
80. Make a go of Meaning - Succeeding in your enterprise.
Example - With his hard work and dedication, he has made a go of his new venture.
81. Go to the dogs Meaning - Getting comparably less successful than before.
Example - With new corruption scams un-veiling everday, the country is going to dogs.
81. Go up in smoke Meaning - Something that ends before getting a result.
Example - With a vigilant police force around the town, the plan of antisocial elements to cause chaos
went up in smoke.
82. Live on the breadline Meaning - Having very little income.
Example - The partition of the country has left many people on the breadline.
83. Make or break Meaning - Circumstances causing total success or total ruin.
Example - The huge investment in this big project with make or break him.
84. Landslide victory Meaning - Overwhelming victory received by a candidate of political party at an election.
Example - With a win of more of than 40% seats in the first two hours of counting, they are expecting a
landslide victory.
85. Let slip through fingers –
Meaning - Failing to obtain or keep up a good opportunity.
Example - This opportunity can be your break through in the industry. Don't let it slip through your
fingers.
86. Rags to riches Meaning - Becoming very rich while starting very poor.
Example - His innovative ideas in business got him from rags to riches.
87. On the pig's back Meaning - Refers to a person in successful and well situation.
Example - The tourism in the state was on the pig's back before the terror attacks hit the capital.
88. Miss the boat Meaning - Failing to take advantage of an opportunity because of slow actions.
Example - I managed to get a discount of 10% but could not get an early bird offer. Reaching late made
me miss the boat.
89. Smash hit Meaning - Refers to music, films which are very successful.
Example - His music became a smash hit in a week's time.
90. Murphy's law Meaning - Means that if anything can go wrong, it will.
Example - Let's be prepared for the worst but don't forget the Murphy's law.
91. Place in the sun Meaning - Finding a place in the sun refers to a position which provides you all the success and
happiness you want in your life.
Example - Getting married into the renowned business family in the town, she found a place in the
sun.
92. Sink or swim Meaning - fail or succeed.
Example - The test will decide if he sinks or swims.
93. Champagne on a beer budget Meaning - Wanting expensive things that you can not afford.
Example - She always buys things out of her budget. She has developed a taste for champagne on beer
budget.
94. Top dog Meaning - Very successful group, company, person, country etc.
Example - The economic survey proved that they are the top dogs of the IT industry.
95. Keep up appearances Meaning - Maintaining an outward show of prosperity or well-being while hiding your difficulties
Example - Keeping up the appearances was important for him to secure the new big projects.
96. Wooden spoon Meaning - Imaginary prize for the last person in a race.
Example - We won a wooden spoon at the fashion show.
97. Have the world by its tail Meaning - Very successful person who can shoose from a lot of opportunities.
Example - Being the pioneers in the pharmaceutical industry, they are now having the world by its
tail.
98. Live beyond means Meaning - Spending more money than you can afford.
Example - He has a habit of living beyond his means. Most of the times, you will find him borrowing
the money from his friends.
99. Live in an ivory tower Meaning - Living a lifestyle that saves you from the real world problems.
Example - Her inexperience in dealing with tough situations is because she has lived in an ivory tower
100. Hit the road running Meaning - Start performing immediately.
Example - She was our old employee. She hit the road running when she joined us back.
Smart Idioms
A hot potato
Speak of an issue (mostly current) which many people are talking about and which is usually
disputed
A penny for your thoughts
A way of asking what someone is thinking
Actions speak louder than words
People's intentions can be judged better by what they do than what they say.
Add insult to injury
To further a loss with mockery or indignity; to worsen an unfavorable situation.
An arm and a leg
Very expensive or costly. A large amount of money.
At the drop of a hat
Meaning: without any hesitation; instantly.
Back to the drawing board
When an attempt fails and it's time to start all over.
Ball is in your court
It is up to you to make the next decision or step
Barking up the wrong tree
Looking in the wrong place. Accusing the wrong person
Be glad to see the back of
Be happy when a person leaves.
Beat around the bush
Avoiding the main topic. Not speaking directly about the issue.
Best of both worlds
Meaning: All the advantages.
Best thing since sliced bread
A good invention or innovation. A good idea or plan.
Bite off more than you can chew
To take on a task that is way to big.
Blessing in disguise
Something good that isn't recognized at first.
Burn the midnight oil
To work late into the night, alluding to the time before electric lighting.
Can't judge a book by its cover
Cannot judge something primarily on appearance.
Caught between two stools
When someone finds it difficult to choose between two alternatives.
Costs an arm and a leg
This idiom is used when something is very expensive.
Cross that bridge when you come to it
Deal with a problem if and when it becomes necessary, not before.
Cry over spilt milk
When you complain about a loss from the past.
Curiosity killed the cat
Being Inquisitive can lead you into an unpleasant situation.
Cut corners
When something is done badly to save money.
Cut the mustard [possibly derived from "cut the muster"]
To succeed; to come up to expectations; adequate enough to compete or participate
Devil's Advocate
To present a counter argument
Don't count your chickens before the eggs have hatched
This idiom is used to express "Don't make plans for something that might not happen".
Don't give up the day job
You are not very good at something. You could definitely not do it professionally.
Don't put all your eggs in one basket
Do not put all your resources in one possibility.
Drastic times call for drastic measures
When you are extremely desperate you need to take drastic actions.
Elvis has left the building
The show has come to an end. It's all over.
Every cloud has a silver lining
Be optimistic, even difficult times will lead to better days.
Far cry from
Very different from.
Feel a bit under the weather
Meaning: Feeling slightly ill.
Give the benefit of the doubt
Believe someone's statement, without proof.
Hear it on the grapevine
This idiom means 'to hear rumors' about something or someone.
Hit the nail on the head
Do or say something exactly right
Hit the sack / sheets / hay
To go to bed.
In the heat of the moment
Overwhelmed by what is happening in the moment.
It takes two to tango
Actions or communications need more than one person
Jump on the bandwagon
Join a popular trend or activity.
Keep something at bay
Keep something away.
Kill two birds with one stone
This idiom means, to accomplish two different things at the same time.
Last straw
The final problem in a series of problems.
Let sleeping dogs lie
Meaning - do not disturb a situation as it is - since it would result in trouble or complications.
Let the cat out of the bag
To share information that was previously concealed
Make a long story short
Come to the point - leave out details
Method to my madness
An assertion that, despite one's approach seeming random, there actually is structure to it.
Miss the boat
This idiom is used to say that someone missed his or her chance
Not a spark of decency
Meaning: No manners
Not playing with a full deck
Someone who lacks intelligence.
Off one's rocker
Crazy, demented, out of one's mind, in a confused or befuddled state of mind, senile.
On the ball
When someone understands the situation well.
Once in a blue moon
Meaning: Happens very rarely.
Picture paints a thousand words
A visual presentation is far more descriptive than words.
Piece of cake
A job, task or other activity that is easy or simple.
Put wool over other people's eyes
This means to deceive someone into thinking well of them.
See eye to eye
This idiom is used to say that two (or more people) agree on something.
Sit on the fence
This is used when someone does not want to choose or make a decision.
Speak of the devil!
This expression is used when the person you have just been talking about arrives.
Steal someone's thunder
To take the credit for something someone else did.
Take with a grain of salt
This means not to take what someone says too seriously.
Taste of your own medicine
Means that something happens to you, or is done to you, that you have done to someone else
To hear something straight from the horse's mouth
To hear something from the authoritative source.
Whole nine yards
Everything. All of it.
Wouldn't be caught dead
Would never like to do something
Your guess is as good as mine
To have no idea, do not know the answer to a question
Renewable Energy Resourses (2 Marks Answers)
Renewable energy - any sustainable energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight,
wind, tides, rain, geothermal energy. Some aspects of Renewable energy It exists perpetually and
is abundant. Ready to be harnessed, inexhaustible. Clean alternative to fossil fuels.
About 16% of global final energy consumption comes from renewables, with 10% coming from
traditional biomass (used for heating) and 3.4%from hydroelectricity. New renewables (small
hydro, modern biomass, wind, solar, geothermal, and bio-fuels) accounted for another 3%
consumption and are growing very rapidly. The electrical generation globally is mainly from
hydroelectricity and the rest from new renewables.
Renewable Energy :Hydro energy, Wind energy, Solar energy, Biomass ,and Geothermal energy
History: Humans have been using wind power for at least 5,500 years to propel sailboats and
sailing ships. Windmills have been used for irrigation pumping and for milling grain since the
7th century AD in Afghanistan, India, Iran and Pakistan.
Wind power is a renewable energy source used to generate electricity by converting wind
energy into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy is then converted into electricity by the
use of an electrical generator located within each individual wind machine. Blowing wind spins
the blades of a wind turbine – this device is called a wind turbine and not a windmill A windmill
grinds or mills grains or is used to pump water Worldwide there are now many thousands of
wind turbines operating, with a total nameplate capacity of 194,400 MW. World wind generation
capacity more than quadrupled between 2000 and 2006, doubling about every three years. Off –
shore wind turbine
Electricity generation: The blades of a turbine are attached to a hub that is mounted on a
turning shaft. The shaft goes through a gear transmission box where the turning speed is
increased. The transmission box is attached to a high speed shaft which turns a generator that
makes electricity in a wind farm(which is a group of wind turbines in the same location used for
production of electric power), individual turbines are interconnected with a medium voltage
(often 34.5 kV), power collection system and communications network. wind farm
Solar energy is the radiant light and heat from the sun. It has been harnessed by humans
since ancient times using a range of ever-evolving technologies. Solar energy technologies
include use of solar energy for solar heating solar photovoltaic solar thermal electricity solar
architecture We can change the sunlight directly into electricity by using solar cells also called as
photovoltaic cells
How electricity is generated?
When sunlight strikes the solar cell electrons are knocked out loose from the molecule they move
towards the treated front surface. An electron imbalance is created between both the surfaces of
the solar cell. When the two surfaces are joined by a connector like a wire , a current of electricity
occurs between the negative and positive sides. This electricity produced s used for various
purposes household and industrially. Use of many solar cells or setting a solar plant provides the
purpose.
Small scale solar powered sewerage treatment plant. Solar water heaters generate electricity in
geo-synchronous orbit using solar power satellites
Applications of solar technology : Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive
solar or active solar depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute solar energy.
Active solar techniques use photovoltaic panels, pumps, and fans to convert sunlight into useful
outputs. Passive solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties
designing spaces that naturally circulate air referencing the position of a building to the Sun
Biomass (or Bio-fuels) Biomass is all plant material, or vegetation, either raw or
processed, wild or cultivated. Bio-fuel is a type of fuel whose energy is derived from biological
carbon fixation. Bio-fuels are derived from biomass conversion, as well as solid biomass, liquid
fuels and various biogases. Uses - Industrial process heat and steam, Electrical power generation,
Transportation fuels (ethanol and biodiesel) and other products.
Socio-Economic Benefits• Helps developing economies by promoting agrarian communities•
Increase in jobs• Increase in trade balance (Indian perspective) due to lesserdependence on
foreign resources Bio-refinery A facility that integrates biomass conversion processes and
equipment to produce fuels, power, and chemicals from biomass. Analogous to todays petroleum
refineries It is based on the “Sugar Platform” and the “Thermo chemical Platform”
First generation bio-fuels : Filtered waste vegetable oil• Bioalcohols• Biodiesel• Green diesel•
Vegetable oil• Bioethers• Biogas• Syngas• Solid biofuels Pipes carrying Biogas the various Biofuels available…
Geothermal Energy History : Hot Springs have been used for bathing at least since
Paleolithic times The oldest known spa is a stone pool on China’s Lisan mountain built in the Qin
dynasty in the 3rd century BC, at the same site where the Huaqing Chi palace was later built.Hot
water springs form due to geothermal energy of the earth
Geothermal energy it is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth. Thermal energy is the
energythat determines the temperature of matter. originates from the formation of the planet
(20%) and from radioactive decay of minerals (80%). The Geothermal gradient, which is the
difference in temperature between the core of the planet and its surface, drives a continuous
conduction of thermal energy in the form of heat from the core to the surface. Geothermal power
is cost effective, reliable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly, but has historically been
limited to areas near tectonic plate boundaries. Geothermal power has the potential to help
mitigate global warming if widely deployed in place of fossil fuels.
Schematic representation of an ideal geothermal system
Generation of electricity using steam power plants from geothermal energy The steam rotates a
turbine that activates a generator, which produces electricity There are three types of geothermal
power plants: dry steam, flash steam, and binary cycle. Dry steam power plants draw from
underground resources of steam and is sent to the turbines/generator unit to produce power
Flash steam power plants use geothermal reservoirs of water with temperatures greater than
360°F (182°C). This very hot water flows up through wells in the ground under its own pressure.
Binary cycle power plants operate on water at lower temperatures of about 225°-360°F (107°182°C).
Steam-driven Electric Power Plant1. Cooling tower2. Cooling water pump or Circulating water
pump3. Transmission line4. Step-up transformer5. Electric generator6. Low pressure turbine7a.
Condensate pump7b. Boiler Feed water pump8. Condenser9. Intermediate pressure turbine10.
Steam governor or controlvalve11. High pressure turbine12. De-aerator13. Feed heater14. Reheater section15. Steam generating heatsource16. Moisture separators
Bibliography :// google.com// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_resource//
www.renewsindia.com