WORLD WAR TWO STUDIES ASSOCIATION
(formerly American Committee on the History of the Second World War)
ISBN 0-89126-060·9
NEWSLETTER
CbIrleo F. DelzeI
V _ Unlva'Iity
Anbur 1. funt
GainaYille, fIoridlI
tl ~H~California,
ISSN 0885-5668
No. 50
s.no;J,
P~.!.Torp1ia
Tenna cqJiriDc 1993
Dean C. Allard
Naval HiitorlcaJ Center
SlcI>bcn E. Ambrooe
Onivenity of New Orleans
Robert DaM
Univcnity of California,
Fall 1993
CONTENTS
WWISA
General Information
2
TheN~~~u
Annual Membership Dues
Notes from the Chairman, by Donald S. Detwiler
2
3
3
Loo AnsCJcs
Harold C. DeulKb
St. Pau~ Minnesota
RK.fIiot
"&bcnoo,G.."p
David Kahn
G.- N<ek, New Yod
Ric:banI tl K.obn
U~ of Nonh CatoIina
at Ulapd HiG
Carol M. PeIiIIo
Booton~
Robert
W~e
FORTHCOMING CONFERENCES
"MacArthur's Return to the Philippines, 1944"
"The Holocaust: Progress and Prognosis,
1934-1994"
"World War II in the Pacific"
American Historical Association Annual Meeting
Other Conferences
5
5
5
6
6
National An:bM:s
Tenna c:qJiriDc 19M
Jamc:o 1. C<>Uios. Jr.
Micldlcburs. V"qinia
Jobn Lewis Oaddio
Obio Um-wity
Robin Higl>Bm
1'8..- SIaIe Univcnity
Warren P. Kimball
Rutg:n Univcnity, Ncwart
Aancs P. PcIcnOD
t100vcr Insliwlion on War,
RcvoIulion and Peace
RUSICII F. Wciglcy
TettlpIe Univenily
Roberta Woblaldler
~ ~=-'~fomia
J"'lfn=of California,
l.oo AnFlco
Tenna c:qJirin& 1995
Martin BlumcnJon
Wubinp1n, D.C.
RECENT PROGRAMS
''America at War, 1941-1945, Part 1: From the
Beginning to the 'End of the Beginning, ,
1941-1943"
"World War II: 1943-1993; A 50-Year
Perspective"
"Wartime Plans for Postwar Europe (19401947)"
Naval History Symposium
"Eating for Victory: American Foodways
and World War If'
Society for Historians of American Foreign
Relations
''American Women During the War"
Organization of American Historians
D'Ann Campbcll
Austin PC")' Stale Univcnity
SIJln.... 1. Fait
~Vqinia
Maurice Mado/f
RocbiIIe, Mal)'Iand
~
..~.ttj~Mnity
Dennis E. SbawallCr
CoIoc-. CoIIqc
GcrbanI 1. Weiobcrx
UnMni of Norih Carolina
",cm~Hill
EorI F. Ziemke
UniYcnily of GeotJia
OTHER NEWS
Maurice Matloff, by Alfred Goldberg
Opening of the United States Holocaust
Research Institute
New Journal: War in History
Navy Bibliographies on World War II
Rockefeller Archive Center Grants for
Travel and Research
(Continued)
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11
12
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15
16
17
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International Clearinghouse For Americanists
"Resistance Against the Third Reich"
National Archives: Archives II
RESEARCH MATERIALS
An Insider's View, Number 7: World War II
Holdings of the Hoover Institution on War
Revolution, and Peace, by Agnes F. Peterson
An Insider's View, Number 8: World War II
Holdings of the Rockefeller Archive Center,
by Harold Oakhill
Select Bibliography of Books and Articles in
English Relating to the World War II Era
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WORLD WAR II
STUDIES ASSOCIATION
(formerly the American Committee on the History of the Second World War)
GENERAL INFORMATION
Established in 1967 "to promote historical research in the period of World War II
in aU its aspects," the World War Two Studies Association, whose original name was the
American Committee on the History of the Second World War, is a private organization
supported by the dues and donations of its members. It is affiliated with the American
Historical Association, with the International Committee for the History of the Second
World War, and with corresponding national committees in other countries, including
Austria, Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, the
Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, and the United Kingdom.
TIIE NEWSLETfER
The WWTSA issues a semiannual newsletter, which is assigned International
Standard Serial Number [ISSN] 0885-5668 by the Library of Congress. Back issues of the
Newsletter are available from Robin Higham, the WWTSA archivist, through Sunflower
University Press, 1531 Yuma (or Box 1009), Manhattan, KS 66502-4228.
3
ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP DUES
Membership is open to all who are interested in the era of the Second World War.
Annual membership dues of $15.00 are payable at the beginning of each calendar year.
Students with U.S. addresses may, if their circumstances require it, pay annual dues of $5.00
for up to six years. There is no surcharge for members abroad, but it is requested that
dues be remitted directly to the secretary of the wwrsA (not through an agency or a
subscription service) in U.S. dollars. The Newsletter, which is mailed at bulk rates within
the United States, will be sent by surface mail to foreign addresses unless special
arrangements are made to cover the cost of airmail postage.
NOTES FROM THE CHAIRMAN
by Donald S. Detwiler
On behalf of the World War Two Studies Association and myself personally, as one
of its two elected officers, I wish to thank D. Clayton James for having served with me as
secretary since January 1991, and his associate, Anne S. Wells, for having edited the
newsletter, with its valuable series of essays on the foremost research repositories and
centers of military studies and its indispensable bibliographic coverage of books and articles
in English on the World War II era. I am personally grateful for their gracious
cooperation, and my regret that they are not continuing beyond the end of 1993 in no way
diminishes my appreciation, which I know is widely shared, for all they have done during
the past three years to further the work of this association in World War II studies.
In order that membership renewals for 1994 could be sent to the new secretary's
address rather than to Lexington, Virginia, the annual election was held early in the fall.
The directors nominated as new secretary Robert Wolfe of the National Archives, who, like
several other directors of this association, is a member of the Board of Historians of the
Battle of Normandy Foundation. He was nominated with the understanding that the
secretariat would be based at the office of the Foundation (Suite 612, 1730 Rhode Island
Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20036), which has kindly agreed to donate limited
secretarial support on a year-to-year basis, beginning in January 1994.
The new arrangements will be discussed at our next business meeting, but it will not,
as in the past, be held in conjunction with the annual meeting of the American Historical
Association (scheduled, starting this academic year, in the first week of January instead of
the last week of December). For the second year in a row, the AHA Program Committee
has rejected our proposal for a joint session. Although last year's proposal--a panel on the
Soviet-German War organized by Tim Mulligan of the National Archives--was rejected, it
was nonetheless conducted and well attended (in Washington) as an affiliated-society
function, apart from the AHA program. At the AHA's San Francisco meeting in January
1994, it will not be feasible to implement, on the same basis, the proposal by Ben Frank
of the Marine Corps Historical Center for a joint session of the wwrsA with the AHA
on amphibious operations in World War II; however, the theme of the subsequent annual
4
meeting, in Cincinnati in January 1995, is to be World War II, so the proposal is being
submitted for consideration as a joint session at that time.
Meanwhile, because we are not having a panel in San Francisco and because
considerably more members of our association and its board are apt to be able to attend
the annual meeting of the Society for Military History (formerly American Military
Institute) in Washington in April than that of the AHA three months earlier in San
Francisco, we are planning to hold our next business meeting during the SMH meeting
from Friday through Sunday, April 8-10, 1994, at the Hyatt-Regency Bethesda, located at
One Bethesda Metro Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, at the Metro station at the junction
of Wisconsin Avenue and Old Georgetown Road. We are making tentative plans to meet
on Saturday, April 9, at a precise time and place to be announced. Detailed information
on the SMH meeting, the general theme of which is civil-military relations, will be mailed
to members of the Society for Military History in January 1994, together with registration
information. wwrsA members wishing to reserve rooms at the Hyatt-Regency for the
meeting may contact the hotel at the address above by telephone at (800) 233-1234 or
(301) 657-1234 (or fax at (301) 657-6453), requesting booking, at the group rate for
historians during the Society for Military History meeting of $95.00 per room per night (for
one or two beds, and one, two, or more persons).
On the agenda at our April 1994 business meeting will also be plans for the sequel
to our conference on America at War held at the National Archives in May 1993, as well
as plans for the quinquennial conference of the International Committee on the History of
the Second World War planned for the day-long symposium to be conducted at Montreal
during the International Historical Congress from August 27 through September 3, 1995.
Montreal planning was also a principal topic on the agenda of the executive board of the
International Committee when it met at the Imperial War Museum in London on July 3,
1993. Convened under the chairmanship of David Dilks, it was attended by Henry Rousso
as secretary-general and Peter Romijn as treasurer. Dusan Biber, Donald S. Detwiler, and
Oleg A Rzheshevsky, who had been at the foregoing meeting in Amsterdam in September
1992, were joined by Domokos Kosary of Hungary, Czeslaw Madajczyk of Poland, and
Georgio Rochat from Italy, who had not been at Amsterdam, as well as by Gerhard
Hirschfeld who replaced Juergen Rohwer as representative of Germany, and Norman
Hilmer of Canada, whose invitation had been resolved at Amsterdam. Previously reported
plans for the conduct of the day-long symposium were reviewed and confirmed, but
consideration of specific proposals for papers was deferred until the end of the year. It was
announced that, in view of the anticipated expenses of the International Committee,
including the advance publication of the papers, the only travel support that the ICHSWW
would be able to provide for those participating in the Montreal conference would be the
payment, for those giving papers, of their International Congress registration fees ($200.00
in Canadian currency, except $100.00 for students). Unfortunately ICHSWW funds will be
unavailable to reimburse other expenses. Tentative plans were also announced and
discussed at the July meeting in London for the publication of at least two issues of the
Bulletin of the International Committee (the last issue of which appeared in 1989) prior
to the Montreal congress. The first of these issues is to appear by the end of 1993, the
second in 1994. (Their contents will, of course, be shared with the members of the
wwrsA after publication.)
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FORTHCOMING CONFERENCES
"MACARTHUR'S RETURN TO THE PHILIPPINFS, 1944"
Old Dominion University, the General Douglas MacArthur Foundation, and the
Douglas MacArthur Memorial are co-sponsoring a special symposium on the fiftieth
anniversary of General Douglas MacArthur's return to the Philippines in 1944. The
symposium is scheduled to be held at the MacArthur Memorial Museum in Norfolk,
Virginia, on October 20-22, 1994.
The sponsors of the symposium have issued a call for papers on such topics as
strategic decisions; FDR, King, and MacArthur; MacArthur's Australian allies; Japanese
occupation of the Philippines; SWPA intelligence activities; guerrilla operations in the
Philippines; liberation of the Philippines; military operations; and the effects of MacArthur's
return. The deadline for submission of 600 to 800 word proposals with current curriculum
vitae is February 1, 1994.
Travel and hotel expenses may be provided for some independent or foreign scholars
whose papers are accepted for presentation. Time allocated for each paper will be twenty
minutes. It is anticipated that twenty to twenty-five presenters plus an additional eight
commentators will be accepted. For further information, contact W. Preston Burton,
MacArthur Memorial, MacArthur Square, Norfolk, Virginia 23510; telephone (804)
441-2965; fax (804) 441-5389.
'THE HOLOCAUST: PROGRESS AND PROGNOSIS 1934-1994"
The 3rd Biennial Conference on Christianity and the Holocaust and the 24th Annual
Scholars' Conference will hold a joint conference entitled liThe Holocaust: Progress and
Prognosis 1934-1994" on March 6-8, 1994. The conference will be hosted by the
Holocaust/Genocide Resource Center and the Campus Ministry of Rider College. For
further information, contact Dominick A. Iorio, Dean, School of Liberal Arts and Science,
Rider College, 2083 Lawrenceville Road, Lawrenceville, New Jersey 08648; phone (609)
896-5345; fax (609) 896-8029.
"WORLD WAR II IN THE PACIFIC'
A conference entitled "World War II in the Pacific" will be held at the Hyatt
Regency Crystal City, Arlington, Virginia, on August 10-12, 1994. It is sponsored by the
American Society of Naval Engineers, the Marine Corps Historical Center, the Naval
Historical Foundation, the Naval Order of the United States, and the U.S. Naval Institute.
The deadline for submission of proposals is November 30, 1993. For further information,
contact Edward J. Marolda, Chair, Program Committee, World War II in the Pacific
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Conference, Naval Historical Center, Building 57 Washington Navy Yard, Washington, DC
20374-0571.
AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION ANNUAL MEEflNG
The American Historical Association will hold its annual meeting in San Francisco
on January 6-9, 1994. A number of sessions relate to World War II. Among these are
'The European Left and 'Third Ways,' 1943-1949: New Perspectives From Recently
Opened Archives"; "The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and the German Resistance
Against Hitler"; "Collaboration and Resistance in Wartime Shanghai"; "Governments, the
Press, and the Manipulation of Democratic Public Opinion in War and Peace, 1919-1945";
"Re-constructing the Past: History and Memory in Post-1945 Germany"; "United States
Internment of Enemy Aliens During World War II"; "Harry S. Truman and His Presidency:
Post-Liberal and Post-Cold War Assessments"; "Other Voices: Neglected Aspects of
Japanese American History"; "Religion and the Second World War" (sponsored by the
American Society of Church History); and "German and Austrian Jewish Resistance to
National Socialism in Peace and War" (sponsored by the Leo Baeck Institute).
OTIIER CONFERENCES
November 11-13, 1993
"Alaska at War," Veteran's Day Symposium, Anchorage, Alaska,
sponsored by the Alaska World War II Commemoration
Steering Committee and the Alaska at War Association.
Contact Alaska at War, 1317 W. Northern Lights Blvd., #522,
Anchorage, AK 99503-2306; telephones (907) 753-2712 or 7622633.
December 5-8, 1993
"The Holocaust: An International Scholars' Conference on the
Known, the Unknown, the Disputed and the Reexamined,"
Washington, DC. Contact Scott Miller, United States Holocaust
Research Institute, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum,
100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, S.W., Washington, DC 200042150; telephone (202) 488-6115; fax (202) 479-9726.
January 6-9, 1994
American Historical Association annual meeting, San Francisco,
California.
January 28, 1994
"War and Propaganda," sponsored by the Rutgers Center for
Historical Analysis. Contact John Whiteclay Chambers II,
Rutgers Center for Historical Analysis, Rutgers University, New
Brunswick, NJ 08903; telephone (908) 932-8701; fax (908) 9328708.
February 2-4, 1994
"La Liberation de Paris," sponsored by the city of Paris, the
Leclerc Memorial, and the Jean Moulin Museum, Paris, France.
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March 3-4, 1944
"1944: Les Liberations," sponsored by the Memorial Museum,
Caen, France.
April 8-10, 1994
"Civil-Military Relations." Society for Military History annual
meeting, Washington, DC. Contact Timothy K. Nenninger,
SMH 1994 Meeting, P.O. Box 4762, McLean, VA 22103.
April 14-17, 1994
Organization of American Historians annual meeting, Atlanta,
Georgia.
June 2-3, 1994
"World War II: A Fifty-Year Perspective." Siena College, New
York. Call for papers by December 1, 1993. Contact Thomas
Kelly II, Department of History, Siena College, 515 Loudon
Road, Loudonville, NY 12211-1462.
September 5-10, 1994
20th International Colloquium on Military History, Warsaw,
Poland. Contact U. S. Commission on Military History, P.O.
Box 4816, Annapolis, MD 21403.
October 1994
'Twilight of a Totalitarianism, January-August 1945." Contact
David Wingeate Pike, American University of Paris, 37 Rue
Sarrette, 75014 Paris, France.
January 5-8, 1995
American Historical Association annual meeting, Cincinnati,
Ohio.
March 30-April 2,
1995
Organization of American Historians annual meeting,
Washington, DC.
August 27-September 3,
1995
18th Congress of the International Committee of Historical
Sciences, Montreal, Canada.
September 14-16, 1995
"Franklin D. Roosevelt: Life, Times and Legacy." Proposals
invited. Contact William D. Pederson, History and Social
Science Department, Louisiana State University in Shreveport,
One University Place, Shreveport, LA 71115-2301.
January 1996
American Historical Association annual meeting, Atlanta,
Georgia.
March 28-31, 1996
Organization of American Historians annual meeting, Chicago,
Illinois.
January 1997
American Historical Association annual meeting, New York.
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RECENT PROGRAMS
"AMERICA AT WAR, 1941-1945, PART I:
FROM THE BEGINNING TO THE
'END OF THE BEGINNING,' 1941-1943"
"From the Beginning to the 'End of the Beginning,' 1941-1943" was conducted under
the auspices of the World War Two Studies Association on May 27-28, 1993. The director
of the conference was Robert Wolfe. All sessions were held in the fifth floor theater of
the National Archives in Washington, D.C. Discussion by the audience concluded each
session.
The conference opened with greetings from Donald S. Detwiler, followed by
"Introduction: Between the Wars: The Way We Were," given by Robert Wolfe. The first
session, entitled "From Disaster to Turnabout in Asia and the Pacific," was chaired by
Ronald H. Spector, who also served as commentator. The speakers were Robert J. C.
Butow on "'Day of Infamy': A Failure of Intelligence, or a Pretext Gone Awry?"; Carl
Boyd on "American Intervention in East Asia"; and Stanley L. Falk on "Reversal in the
Pacific: 'Victory Disease' and the Defeat of Ambition."
"Welding the Wartime Alliance" was the opening session of the afternoon. It
consisted of three papers: "An 'English-Speaking Union' for War," by Theodore A. Wilson;
"Mobilizing the Americas Against the Axis," by Gerald K. Haines; and "Forging A Coalition
to Win the War and Prepare the Peace: The United Nations from Atlantic Charter to
Teheran Conference," by Mark A. Stoler. The chair was Ronald E. Swerczek, with
comment provided by Warren F. Kimball. Session III was entitled "National Archives
Resources for the History of the Second World War." Its panelists were Wilbert B.
Mahoney on military records, David Langbart on diplomatic records, and William H.
Cunliffe on non-textual records. George Chalou chaired the session.
The evening session was "Press, Radio, and Cinema: Reporting and Promoting
War," chaired by Charles W. Sydnor, Jr., who also provided comment. Three papers were
given: "Henry Luce and Time Inc.: Cheerleaders and Scolds," by Robert E. Herzstein;
"Voice of America, 1941-1945: Truth in Propaganda," by Holly Cowan Shulman; and "Why
We Fight: Newsreels and Other Documentaries," by William T. Murphy.
On May 28, the first session was "Arsenal of Democracy," with Paul A. Koistinen
serving as chair and commentator. Mark H. Leff and Bernard Donovan spoke on
"American Capitalism's Finest Hour? Images of Business and Labor." D'Ann Campbell's
topic was "Women in Wartime: WAACs, WAVEs, and Rosie the Riveter." "Civil Rights
and Asylum under Wartime Security" was the title of the next session. The authors of the
papers were Alan L. Gropman, on "Cotton Fields to Segregated Armed Forces: Blacks in
World War II"; Mikiso Hane, on "Nisei, Isse, and Other 'Enemy Aliens'" (read by Stanley
L. Falk); and Richard D. Breitmann, on "Immigration Quotas or Anti-Semitism? The
9
Failure to Provide a Safe Haven for European Jewry."
Polenberg served as chair and commentator, respectively.
Robert Wolfe and Richard
Forrest Pogue chaired and commented on the session "Stepping Stones to Europe,"
which included two papers: "Engagement in the Atlantic: From Non-belligerence to
Belligerence," by Robert W. Love, Jr., and "The 'Soft Underbelly' of Europe," by Carlo W.
D'Este. The conference concluded with the session entitled "Midway in War and
Conferences: Review and Preview." Comments were given by David N. Dilks and Gerhard
L. Weinberg, followed by discussion from the audience.
''WORLD WAR II: 1943-1993
A 50-YEAR PERSPECfIVE"
On June 3-4, 1993, Siena College hosted the eighth in a series of multi-disciplinary
conferences on World War II. The first day of the conference began with three concurrent
sessions. The first of these, entitled ''The Experience of War: Children and Combat
Soldiers," consisted oftwo papers: "A Pathfinder's War, 1943-44," by Jonathan Walters, and
"Still 'Two Nations': The Reception of Evacuees from London and the Channel Coast in
Rural English Villages in 1939-1940," by Rachel Mather. Albert J. Dorley, Jr., served as
chair and commentator. "1943--Interesting but Unrelated" was the title of the second
session. David Gerber spoke on "In Search of Al Schmid: War Hero, Blinded Veteran,
Everyman," and Robert Ponchitera's title was "1943: Poland's Crisis Year." The chair was
Thomas Bulger. The next session, "Diplomacy Is Not Without Effect," included two papers:
"A Cautious Balance: Allied Conferences of 1943 and the Question of Turkish
Participation in World War II," by John M. Vander Lippe, and "1943: The Impact of
Military and Diplomatic Events on the Regeneration of Palestinian Political Activity," by
Joseph Nevo. Manfred Jonas served as chair and commentator.
The next three sessions met concurrently. "Naval Action in the Pacific" included
papers by Lawrence Douglas on "1943: Year of Transition for U.S. Submarines in the
Pacific" and Akihiko Yoshida on "The Real 'Tenacious': The Battle of Kula Gulf 7/5/43."
The chair and commentator was John Valleley. The next session was entitled "Resistance-Europe." It consisted of three papers: flOSS and National Resistance Movement:
Yugoslavia," by Kirk Ford, Jr.; "Soldiers or Civilians: The Crisis of Soviet Partisan Identity
in 1943," by Kenneth D. Slepyan; and "1943: The Year of the Exemplary Combat of Louis
Aragon, The Patriot Poet Clandestinely," by Myriam Sainson. Leon Halpert chaired the
session, with Harry Piotrowski providing commentary. "For Minorities, At the Very Least
a Two Front War" was the title of the third session, chaired by Jerome H. Long. Its four
papers were "Challenging the Sexual Order: Problems Involving the Reception of Black
GIs in Australia and Papua in World War II," by Kay Saunders; "Why Are You Silent, Mr.
President? Franklin D. Roosevelt's Response to the 1943 Detroit Riots," by Paul T.
Murray; "The Mrican-American and the Second World War Reconsidered," by Neil A.
Wynn; and "Soldados, Trabajadores y Braceros: Mexican Americans in World War II," by
Adam J. Zweiback.
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"A Street Which Leads to Streets Which Lead to the Camps: Poems Mter History"
was the title of Jason Sommer's luncheon presentation, which was followed by three
concurrent sessions. The session "Women Are Needed Too--American Womanpower in
WWII" was chaired by Karl Barbir, with Mary Anne Schofield providing commentary.
Julieanne Phillips spoke on "Unity in Service: The Federation of Women's Clubs of
Greater Cleveland Respond to the Need for Womanpower During World War II." Roberta
Tierney's topic was "Uncle Sam Needs Nurses Too: Filling Quotas Without a Draft." In
the second session, "Britain and the Empire at War," Robert Nii Nartey served as chair and
commentator. It consisted of three papers: "South Mrica and the Second World War:
The Decisive First Two Years (September 1939-September 1941), With Special Reference
to the Home Front," by Andre Wessels; "The British Army in the Desert: The Case of the
46th (Liverpool Welsh) Royal Tank Regiment," by Eric L. Davies; and "Black Star Over
Rising Sun: 81st and 82nd Divisions Royal West Mrican Frontier Force in Far Eastern
Theatre in World War II," by Kodjo Yeboah-Sampong. Robert Matson chaired and served
as commentator for the third session, "Canada's War Is Different." Its speakers were
Richard G. Kurial on "Odd Man Out: MacKenzie King and the 1st Quebec Conference"
and John MacFarlane on "Francophone Quebec's View of Occupied France, 1940-1943."
The afternoon's schedule concluded with another three-session program. The session
"Propaganda and War," chaired by Karl Larew, included three papers: "Inventing the
Home Front: Propaganda, Gender, Ideology, and the Politics of Nostalgia," by Kate
Cannon; "Eire, Neutrality and War: The Propaganda Art of John Betjeman, 1941-1943,"
by Robert Cole; and "Mixed Up Together: The Office of War Information, the GIs, and
the Image of the United States in Great Britain, 1942-1944," by Ben Labaree. "Variations
on a Theme: The U.S. Homefront Experience" was the title of the next session. Its three
speakers were Gretchen E. Knapp on "A Wartime Experience in Social Crisis Management:
American War Community Services, Inc."; Robert Shaffer on "Multicultural Education
During World War II: A Look at the New York City Public Schools"; and Margaret Moore
on "Camp Perry, Ohio: P.O.W. Camp." James Nolan and James W. Jackson served as
chair and commentator, respectively. The final session, chaired by Robert Nolte, was
"Planning for the Day When 'There'll Be Bluebirds Over ... .''' Its speaker was Randal
Beeman on the topic "A Sense of Foreboding: Plans for Postwar Agriculture, 1943-1946."
The evening featured an address entitled "The White Rose: Acts of Conscience in Hitler's
Germany," given by George J. Wittenstein.
The program on June 4, 1993, began with two concurrent sessions. Terrence Curran
chaired the session entitled "Order and Adjustment: The Nazi Occupation." Its speakers
were Gerhard Hirschfeld on "Hitler's New Order: Nazi Rule in Occupied Europe" and
Mark Van den Wijgeart on "Belgium: The Politics of Employment During the German
Occupation." Dan White was the commentator. Paul Murray chaired the session on
"Combat in Sicily and Italy," with Barbara Tomblin providing commentary. James Dunn
spoke on "U.S. Army Engineers at the Volturno River, Italy, 1943." Howard Jones III gave
a paper on "Military Gliders into Combat, Sicily."
Three concurrent sessions followed. The first of these, entitled "Literateurs Respond
to Personal and Ethical Aspects of War," included two papers: "What Do You Do With
a Dead Man's Laundry? Dorothy Parker: Public and Private Contributions to WWII," by
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Randall L. Calhoun; and "Conscience and Aesthetics in Robert Lowell's Poetry of the War,"
by William Doreski. Charles Trainor and Douglas M. Astolfi served as chair and
commentator, respectively. The second session was "U.S. Foreign Relations--Public and
Private," with Ray Stokes as chair and commentator. The speakers were Joseph Bongiorno
on 'The United States and the Sicilian Independence Movement During World War II,
1943-1944" and Declan O'Reilly on "A Fatal Friendship: I. G. Farben and Standard Oil
and the Quest for Synthetic Rubber, 1925-1945." Naton Leslie chaired and George Earle
provided commentary for the session "The Impact of War on the Artist." Its papers were
"Strategic Shifts: David Smith's China Medal Commission," by Paula Wisotzki, and "From
Omaha to Abstract Expressionism: American Artists Respond to World War II," by
Stephen Polcari.
Following the luncheon, three sessions were held to conclude the conference.
Douglas Hoyt chaired the session "Airpower: Theory and Practice," with Daniel Kuehl
serving as commentator. Philip S. Meilinger spoke on "Proselytizer and Prophet:
Alexander P. de Seversky and American Airpower." The topic of Conrad C. Crane was
"Political Matters vs. Military Objectives: Allied Disputes Over Bombing of Occupied Areas
in 1943." Edward J. Gibbons chaired and commented on the session entitled "Interesting
but Unrelated 11." It included three papers: ''The War and Innovation: Atabrine, DDT,
and Malaria," by Martin Berger; "Northeastern Congressmen and the Establishment of the
United Nations 1943-1945,.. by Philip A. Grant, Jr.; and "Tongban Tongxue: Alumni
Relationships of Chinese General Officers in the 32nd Year of the Republic," by John
Wands Sacca. The final session was "War on the Russian Front: Land, Sea, and Air."
The speakers were Stanley Carpenter on "German Naval Surface Operations in the Arctic
Theatre, 1942-1943"; Mark O'Neill on "Soviet Air Attack on German Ground Units During
the Battles Around the Kursk Bulge, July/August 1943"; and Edward Westermann on
"Friend and Helper: German Police Operations in Russia, 1941-42." The commentator
was Walter S. Dunn, Jr.
''WARTIME PLANS FOR POSTWAR EUROPE (1940-1947)"
On May 12-14, 1993, the conference "Wartime Plans for Postwar Europe (19401947)" was held in Brussels as the fifth symposium of the European Community Liaison
Committee of Historians, organized by Michel Dumoulin. Session titles included "New
Europe as Seen by Nazi Germany and in Collaboration"; "Europe in Resistance"; "Plans for
Europe in the Free World: The Governments"; "Ideological Movements, Lobbies,
Individuals"; "United States, Soviet Union, and Europe"; and "Practices for the Return to
Peace." Among the speakers were D. Brandes on "The Confederation Agreement Between
Greece and Yugoslavia"; J. Pinder on "Federal Union, the Federal Union Research
Institute, and Europe"; A. Varsori on "From Anti-German to Anti-Soviet Aid: The USA
and Europe, 1941-1947"; A. L. Funk on "American and Soviet Views on Europe from Yalta
to the Marshall Plan"; S. Greenwood on "The Third Force of Ernest Bevin"; J. W. Young
on "The European Policy of French Government"; F. Lynch on "Franco-British Economic
Relations, 1945-1947: The Failure to Cooperate"; and F. Guirao on "Spain's Role in
Western European Economic Relief and Early Phase of Reconstruction." The conference
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concluded with a general debate on "Continuity and Discontinuity in Postwar Period
Preparation."
NAVAL HISTORY SYMPOSIUM
The Eleventh Naval History Symposium was held at the United States Naval
Academy, Annapolis, Maryland, on October 21-23, 1993. A number of its sessions dealt
with World War II. In the session "Admiral Darlan and the French Navy," R. Chalmers
Hood III served as chair, with commentary provided by Robert Paxton and Jacques Bally.
The papers were "Admiral Darlan and the Americans" by Claude Huan, and "Admiral
Darlan and the French Navy, 1940-42" by Raphael-Leygues and Francois Flohic. Two
sessions on "The Battle of the Atlantic" were held. In the first of these, Clay Blair spoke
on "New Evidence on the Battle of the Atlantic," and Michael Gannon's topic was "The UBoat Offensive off the American Coast." J. David Brown chaired the session and served
as commentator with Eric Rust. In the second session, three papers were given: "A Case
of Audacity: Convoy HG.76, 1941," by Anthony B. Sainsbury; "German Attempts to Retain
the Submarine Initiative, May 1943-February 1944," by W. J. R. Gardner; and "Intelligence
and Hunter-Killer Groups, 1943-45," by David Syrett. Commentary was made by Carl Boyd
and Eric J. Grove, who also served as chair.
H. P. Willmott chaired the session on "World War II in the Pacific," which included
three papers: "HMAS Sydney v. HSK Komoran," by Kim Kirsner; "U.S. Intelligence and
the Japanese Evacuation of Guadalcanal, 1943," by John Prados; and "Ultra and the Sinking
of the Cruiser Indianapolis, 1945," by Richard von Doenhoff. Charles D. McKenna and
John L. Anderson were the commentators. The session on "Overlord: The Navies on DDay 1944" was chaired by Russell Weigley, who also served as commentator with Bradley
Smith. The speakers were John Major on "Admiral Sir Bertram Ramsay and the Overlord
Command," Stephen Ambrose on "U.S. Navy Destroyers at D-Day," and James F. Tent on
"The Raid that Saved the Normandy Invasion." "Hitler's and Stalin's Navies" was the title
of the session chaired by Gerhard Weinberg, who also provided commentary. Jurgen
Rohwer and Igor Agormov spoke on "Strange Parallels in Stalin's and Hitler's Naval
Programs." Eric Wihtol's topic was "Soviet Submarine Operations in the Baltic in WWII."
The session entitled "The World War II-Era Navy on Film" included two papers:
"Images of the Navy in Film in the 1930s," by Lawrence Suid; and "Images of Naval
Aviation in World War II," by Michael Paris. William Honan and Leonard Bushkoff served
as commentator and chair, respectively. The final session concerning World War II was
"The U.S. Navy in World War II." Its three speakers were Thomas Wildenberg on "Logistic
Forces, Tankers in World War II"; Joel Davidson on "The Navy's Combat Ship Program
in World War II"; and William Hanable on "Air in the North Pacific, 1942-43." Ivan
Musican chaired the session, with Bernard D. Cole providing commentary.
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''EATING FOR VICfORY: AMERICAN FOODWAYS AND WWIr'
The American Studies Program at the University of Colorado at Boulder hosted the
conference "Eating for Victory: American Foodways and WWII" on October 8-9, 1993.
The first session, chaired by Erika Doss, was entitled "Wartime Advertising of Food
Rationing and Conservation" and included four papers: "Cooking on the Homefront," by
Eric Paige; "Women's Magazines and the Wartime Kitchen," by Joanne Hayes;
"Industrializing Food Preparation During World War II," by Joseph Traugott; and
"Democracy, Consumer Culture, and Political Community: The Story of Coca-Cola During
World War II," by Mark Weiner. During the next session, chaired by Terri Macey, the
keynote speaker was Harvey Levenstein, speaking on the topic "Where's the Beef?:
Government and the American Diet During World War IL"
Ruth Helm chaired the third session, which was entitled "Victory Gardening and
Canning." Its speakers were Amy Bentley on "Men, Women, and Homefront Food
Production"; and Dave Carlson on "Modern Community Garden Programs." In the evening
session, Katie Armitage spoke on "Cooking with Ration Points and Stamps."
The second day of the conference opened with a session on "Regional and Literary
Aspects of Food and the War." Its four papers were "Making Do on the Macon Ridge:
The Eating Patterns of Farm Families During World War II," by Joseph B. Barker; "Living
Out of Sacks: Eating in Pascagoula, Mississippi, During World War II," by Scott Holzer;
"'Happiness Like Bread': WWII Women's Poetry and the Conspicuous Consumption of
Rationed Food," by Jo Ellen Green Kaiser; and "Eating, Vomiting, and the War," by Mary
Anne Schofield. The concluding session, entitled "Analyzing Wartime Propaganda,"
included wartime newsreels about food, with Brett Gary serving as chair and discussant.
SOCIETY FOR HISTORIANS OF AMERICAN FOREIGN REIATIONS
During the annual meeting of the Society for Historians of American Foreign
Relations, which was held from June 17-20, 1993, at the University of Virginia in
Charlottesville, Virginia, a number of papers addressed topics related to the World War
II era. The session "FDR and World Affairs, 1935-1945" included three papers: "The
Moral, Philosophical and Historical Foundations and Consequences of the American
Approach to World War II," by Paul Joliet; "FDR and Stalin: Optimistic Patrician vs.
Crafty Commissar," by Charles G. Stefan; and "FDR, Germany and American Plans for
Postwar Europe," by Diane Clemens. Commentaries were provided by J. Garry Clifford
and Mark Stoler, who also served as chair. "Anglo-American Naval Diplomacy in World
War II" was chaired by Waldo Heinrichs. It consisted of papers by H. P. Willmott on
"Grave of a Dozen Schemes: The Evolution of British Strategy in the War Against Japan"
and Robert M. Love, Jr., on "Anglo-American Naval Diplomacy and the Battle of the
Atlantic, 1941-1942." Michael Barnhart served as commentator. In the session on
"German-American Images: The Origins and Impact of Transatlantic Perceptions in the
20th Century," Michaela Honicke spoke on "Know Your Enemy--the American Debate on
Germany During World War II."
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Elizabeth MacIntosh chaired the session on "The Office of Strategic Services in the
Far East, 1941-1945." Larry MacDonald spoke on "CBI in Light of the OSS Records:
Probing for New Research Possibilities." Maochun Yu's topic was "The OSS in China:
New Approach to Old Questions--Revelations from Recently Declassified Documents in
English and Chinese." The final paper was "Civilian Intelligence: U.S. Press Coverage of
the Huk Rebellion, 1945-1950," given by Christopher Vaughan. Bradley Smith provided
commentary. In the session "Race and U.S. Foreign Policy During the 1930s and 1940s,
Eric Paul Roorda gave a paper on "Genocide and Refuge in the Dominican Republic: U.S.
Responses to the Treatment of Haitian Workers and Jewish Refugees, 1937-1941." Steven
White's topic was "Soft on Catholicism: The Liberal-Clerical Rapprochement and
American Policy in Italy, 1943-1948," which was part of the session on "A Special
Relationship: U.S. and Italy 1943-1953."
The session "The Underside of World War II--Intelligence and Covert Action" was
chaired by Harold Scott, who provided commentary with Charles Ameringer. The papers
included "State Department Warning on Operation 'Barbarossa': A Misuse of Intelligence,"
by John Dippel; "The United States and the Polish Underground, 1942-1945," by Ronald
Landa; and "Insidious Foes: The Axis Fifth Column and the American Home Front," by
Francis MacDonnell. In the session on "America and Southeast Asia Before 1946," T.
Darryl Fox spoke on the topic "Between Feudal Nationalism and Revolutionary
Communism: The United States and the Philippines, 1945-1946." Judy Munro-Leighton's
paper in the same session was entitled "The Truman Administration and the Restoration
of French Control over Vietnam, 1945-1946."
The session "Foreign Policy and Journalism: A Two-Way Street" included two World
War II papers: "Not Just the Facts: British Propaganda and the American Press During
World War II" by Susan Brewer and "Advertising the 'Good Society': United States
Propaganda in Great Britain, 1942-1945," by Benjamin Labaree. Mark Byrnes spoke on
"Unfinished Business: America and Franco's Spain, 1944-1947" in the session "Truman and
the Mtermath of World War II, 1944-1947." "The Intelligence Horizon of American
Policymakers, 1944-1947" was the topic of Eduard Mark, included in the session "American
Intelligence Organizations and Soviet Russia: From the Russian Revolutions to the CIA."
James Siekmeier gave a paper on "The Origins of U.S. Economic Aid Policies: The Case
of Latin America in the 1940s" during the session on "Mass Culture, Political Economy, and
Inter-American Relations in the 1940s."
"AMERICAN WOMEN DURING THE WAR"
The Meaning and Memory Project, sponsored by the Piedmont Virginia Community
College in order to focus on the fiftieth anniversary of World War II, held a conference
entitled "American Women During the War" on April 1-3, 1993, in Charlottesville, Virginia.
Judy B. Litoff and David C. Smith spoke at the sessions entitled "Since You Went Away:
Letters Overseas" and "Will He Get My Letter?" The session "American Women at Home,
at Work, and at War" consisted of a panel discussion by Regina Akers, Eilene Borus, Rita
15
Victoria Gomez, and Janet Sims-Wood. The luncheon speaker on the final day was Mary
Ann Verges on the topic "The Women's Air Service Pilots of World War II."
ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN HISTORIANS
At the annual meeting of the Organization of American Historians, held on April
15-18, 1993, in Anaheim, California, a number of papers pertained to the World War II
era. In the session "Patterns of Asian Resettlement and Adaptation in the American West,"
Alice Yang Murray spoke on "Japanese American Postwar Resettlement: The Impact of
Internment on Family and Gender Relations." Eduardo Obregon Pagan's topic was "'Who
Are These Troublemakers?': Pachucos and the Mexican-American Middle Class, Los
Angeles, 1942-1944" at the session on "Ethnicity and Class in Los Angeles." Karal Ann
Marling and John Wetenhall gave a paper on "Remembering War, 1932-1980: Patriotism
and Memory" at the session on "Changing Notions of Patriotism in American Life." In the
session entitled "The United States and the Middle East, 1945-1970," James Goode spoke
on "The American Relationship with the Shah, 1943-1972: Who Was Using Whom?"
The session "'Orientals,' Asians, and Asian Americans in American Culture"
contained two papers relating to World War II: "Asians, Aliens, and Science Fiction in
America, 1926-1945," by John Cheng; and "Hashimura Togo Is Alive and Well: The
Construction of Japanese and Japanese American Images, 1945-1953," by Thomas Fujita.
The session was chaired by Elaine Kim, with Lisa Lowe giving commentary. Two papers
of special interest were included in the session on "Cultural Transactions: Creators, Critics,
and Audiences of American Mass Media": '''Attracting the Millions': The 1939 Golden
Gate International Exhibition," by Lisa Rubens; and "Selling the War to the American
People: Radio Entertainment and Advertising During World War II," by Gerd Horten.
Michael Schudson presided and Lary May commented on the papers.
William Walker chaired and David Farber served as commentator for the session
on "Race, Ethnicity, and Public Policy in Modern America." Among the speakers were
Cheryl Greenberg on "Black and Jewish Responses to Japanese Internment: Toward the
Dissection of a Political Alliance" and Carol Anderson on "The United Nations and Black
America: 1944-47." In the session entitled "Women Stepping Out: Public Amusements
and the Search for Social Identity Beyond Home and Family," Shirley Ann Moore spoke
on '''Her Husband Didn't Have a Word to Say': Black Women and Blues Clubs in
Richmond, California, 1940-1960." Kristin Bailey gave a paper on "World War II Defense
Housing and the Mutual Ownership Plan" during the session on "Federal Housing
Initiatives: The Early Decades."
"Mobilizing the Home Front: Labor and Politics in Oakland, California, 1941-1951"
was the paper given by Marilynn Johnson in the session "From Strikes to Ballots: Labor
Politics in the Depression and World War II." Norman Rosenberg spoke on "Hollywood
on Trials: Courts and Films, 1940-60" in the session entitled "Courtroom Trials, the Rule
of Law, and the Construction of America."
16
OTHER NEWS
MAURICE MATWFF
by Alfred Goldberg
Maurice Matloff, a leading military historian and former Chief Historian of the U.S.
Army, died at his home in Bethesda, Maryland, on July 14, 1993. During a long and
distinguished career as a government and academic historian, Dr. Matloff was recognized
as an outstanding authority on World War II. His two volumes on Strateiic Plannini for
Coalition Warfare are the standard works on the U.S. role in directing World War II
strategy and have received international recognition. As the Chief Historian of the U.S.
Army Center of Military History from 1970 to 1981 he directed the publication of many
volumes of the notable Army "Green Book" series on World War II. He was the general
editor and co-author of the Army volume on American Military History, used as a text in
many colleges and universities.
Maurice Matloff was born in Brooklyn, New York, on June 1915, the son of
immigrant parents to whom he gratefully attributed the principles, ideals, and standards he
sought to carry forward in his personal and professional life. He was a graduate of
Columbia University and received a Ph.D. in history from Harvard University. Mter three
years as an instructor in history at Brooklyn College from 1939 to 1942 he entered the
U.S. Army and served until 1946. In the later years of the war he was assigned as a
historian with the Army Air Forces and helped write histories of the Fourth Air Force.
In 1946 Dr. Matloff returned to Brooklyn College as an associate professor for a
brief period, departing to take a position with the U.S. Army historical program. From
1946 to 1981 he held a series of increasingly responsible positions in the U.S. Army,
culminating in his appointment as Deputy Chief Historian in 1969 and Chief Historian in
1970. During this period and after his retirement in 1981 he also occupied a number of
academic positions as a visiting or adjunct professor at a number of institutions, including
the University of California at Berkeley, University of Georgia, University of Maryland,
University of California at Davis, Dartmouth College, San Francisco State College, and the
U.S. Military Academy. For a period of ten years beginning in 1983 he taught military
history, with special emphasis on World War II, as an adjunct professor at Georgetown
University.
In 1981-82 Dr. Matloff was a visiting fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International
Center for Scholars. He was much in demand as a lecturer and lectured at the National
War College, the Army, Navy, and Air War Colleges, the military service academies, and
various universities. The Army awarded him the Meritorious Civilian Service Medal, the
Exceptional Civilian Service Medal, and the Outstanding Civilian Service Medal. He was
a member, officer, or trustee of a number of professional historical organizations, including
the American Historical Association, the Organization of American Historians, the Society
for Military History, and the Society of Historians of American Foreign Relations. From
17
1983 to 1993 he conducted an exceptionally successful oral history program for the Office
of the Secretary of Defense, interviewing the nation's leaders of the past half century-presidents, secretaries of state and defense, and others involved in the making and direction
of national security policy.
Maurice Matloff enjoyed the respect, esteem, and affection of his many colleagues
during his long career in government and academia. He indeed measured up to the high
standards of scholarship he demanded of himself and others. He was a dedicated teacher
who earned the highest tributes from his students and colleagues. A quiet and modest
man, he held and expressed strong convictions without giving offense. It was recognized
that he spoke with authority in the fields of his research and writing. Above all, he was
universally liked as a man of good will and friendly disposition, who stood unfailingly for
truth and excellence. He met his end with the same courage, grace, and humor with which
he lived.
OPENING OF THE UNITED STATES
HOLOCAUST RESEARCH INSTITUTE
The United States Holocaust Research Institute is the scholarly division of the
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum located adjacent to the Mall in Washington,
D.C., and chartered by unanimous act of Congress in 1980. The Institute's mission is to
serve as an international resource for the study of the Holocaust and related issues,
including those of contemporary significance, and to cooperate with academic institutions,
libraries, and archives throughout the world. An invitational scholarly conference entitled
"The Holocaust: An International Scholars' Conference on the Known, the Unknown, the
Disputed, and the Reexamined" will be convened to mark the formal opening of the
Institute on December 5-8, 1993.
Currently plans are being developed for research fellowships for visiting scholars; for
graduate training programs; and for conferences, seminars, roundtables, and lectures. A
publications program will disseminate significant works in Holocaust studies and includes
publication with Oxford University Press of the journal Holocaust and Genocide Studies.
The Library and Archival Collections of the Research Institute currently house over
20,000 books and journals and more than one million pages of paper documents, 40,000
photographic images, 2,500 videotaped and audiotaped oral testimonies, and 300 hours of
film footage related to the Holocaust. The Archive is the only facility in North America
with copies of German, Romanian, and other documentation captured by the Red Army
during World War II. In addition, a registry of Holocaust survivors contains more than
80,000 files that provide information on the wartime and postwar experiences of survivors
who came to the United States to rebuild their lives.
For more information on the United States Holocaust Research Institute or to be
included in the Institute's mailing list, please contact Scott Miller, Academic Programs
Coordinator, United States Holocaust Research Institute, United States Holocaust
18
Memorial Museum, 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW, Washington, DC
Telephone (202) 488-6115; fax (202) 479-9726.
20024-2150.
NEW JOURNAL: WAR IN HISTORY
A new journal entitled War in HistOIY will begin publication in March 1994 and will
appear three times per year. Included will be articles based on original research, book
reviews, and review articles. According to the editors, "War in History takes it as a guiding
premise that military history should be integrated into a broader definition of history. It
also goes one step further, arguing that the objective has been accomplished and that,
equipped with the insights provided by other approaches to history, the military historian
must return to his primary subject matter. Recognizing that the study of war is more than
simply the study of combat, the journal will publish articles which embrace war in all its
aspects: economic, social, and political as much as purely military."
To request a free sample copy, contact Helen Arnold, Promotion Department,
Edward Arnold, Hodder & Stoughton Publishers, Dunton Green, Sevenoaks, Kent
TN13 2YA, United Kingdom. To receive "Notes for Contributors," contact the publisher
or one of the editors: Hew Strachan, Department of Modern History, University of
Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; or Dennis Showalter, Department of
History, The Colorado College, 14 East Cache La Poudre Street, Colorado Springs,
Colorado 80903.
NAVY BffiUOGRAPHIES ON WORLD WAR II
The Naval Historical Center has published the fourth in its series of ten
bibliographies on World War II. Entitled "Convoys in World War II," it emphasizes
Atlantic and Arctic convoys but also includes items on other theaters of operation. To
request a copy, contact the Navy Department Library, Building 44, Washington Navy Yard,
Washington, DC 20374.
ROCKEFElLER ARCHIVE CENTER
GRANTS FOR TRAVEL AND RESEARCH
The Rockefeller Archive Center, a division of The Rockefeller University, makes
grants of not more than $1,500 to promote and support research in the collections housed
at the Rockefeller Archive Center in North Tarrytown, New York. Grants may be used
toward round-trip travel to the Archive Center, for temporary lodging in the area, and for
related research expenses. The grants are designed to foster, promote, and support
research by serious scholars in the collections located at the Rockefeller Archive Center,
which include the records of the Rockefeller family, The Rockefeller University, The
Rockefeller Foundation, and other philanthropies and associated individuals. Grants will
be made on a competitive basis to applicants from any discipline, usually graduate students
20
NATIONAL ARCHNES: ARCHNES II
Construction of the National Archives' new Archives II facility in College Park,
Maryland, is nearly complete, with the first records scheduled to be moved in November
1993. The last records will be moved in 1996. During the moves, most records will be
closed and reopened at the record group level. For information about the scheduled moves
or to be placed on the mailing list of the Archives II Researcher Bulletin, write to the
Textual Reference Division (NNR), National Archives, Washington, DC 20408.
Non-textual records are among the earliest groups to be moved to Archives II. The
Cartographic and Architectural Branch will be closed from November 29, 1993 to January
31, 1994, during the move of its records. The Still Pictures Branch will be closed from
January 28, 1994 to May 2, 1994. The Motion Picture, Sound, and Video Branch will be
closed from February 12, 1994 to March 21, 1994.
RESEARCH MATERIALS
[The articles below mark the seventh and eighth in a series entitled "An Insider's View,"
which consists of essays by professional archivists, historians, and administrators at the
foremost research repositories and centers of military studies in the United States.]
AN INSIDER'S VIEW, Number 7
WORLD WAR II HOWINGS OF THE HOOVER INSTITUTION
ON WAR, REVOLUTION, AND PEACE
by Agnes F. Peterson
The Hoover Institution was founded as the Hoover War Library in 1919 by Herbert
C. Hoover, who, after a successful career as a mining engineer and wartime relief
administrator, found himself an American delegate to the Peace Conference held in Paris
in 1919. The conference attempted to settle the problems which had brought about the
First World War, but these intractable problems of course proved very difficult if not
impossible to resolve. Hoover was convinced that this war terminated the nineteenth
century and ushered in the twentieth and that its causes and results deserved and
demanded to be studied. He wanted to found a special library to be based at his alma
mater, Stanford University, in California, in order to bring together archives, books,
periodicals, newspapers, government documents, and the points of view of political parties
and pressure groups, so that the causes of war and revolution could be studied and ways
to insure peaceful developments and equitable settlements could be outlined and proposed.
21
On one of his many transatlantic trips Hoover read a volume on the French
Revolution by Andrew D. White, who was then president of Cornell University and a
specialist in French history. White bemoaned the fact that it was difficult to study the
social causes of the French Revolution because so much ephemeral material, such as
letters, pamphlets, newssheets, and appeals, had been destroyed in the course of nearly
constant civic upheaval. Hoover was determined that this loss and destruction of source
material dealing with the First World War had to be avoided, and eminently practical, he
set about collecting these ephemeral sources. It is interesting to contemplate that most
historical sources were in the form of papers and printed materials at that time. A similar
collection today would include audiotapes, CDROMs, films, and television programs. The
formats in which political ideas are communicated have changed.
One of the first innovative undertakings and a founding stone of the library was a
collection of pamphlets and leaflets (slipped under the doors of the rooms of the delegates
to the Peace Conference in the big hotels by the various national, political, and ethnic
groups), entitled the Paris Peace Conference Delegation Propaganda collection. The
concerns that agitated the entire world were encompassed in this collection from A
(Albania) to Z (Zionism). There was even one pamphlet on the claims of the Kurdish
people, issued in English in 1919. The collection is now housed in two ranges in the
library, and it seems odd that such vivid and explosive concerns can indeed be housed in
such a small space. But we have found that this collection still offers useful source and
background material for the study of present-day ethnic and language conflicts.
One novel aspect of this collecting enterprise was a stress on archival material, rare
at that time for American libraries. Interestingly enough, two European institutions were
founded at the same time with the same general mission to document social, economic, and
political change in the twentieth century. Both organizations are still very active, and close
working relations are maintained between the Hoover Institution and the Bibliotheque de
Documentation Internationale Contemporaine, on the grounds of one of the satellites of
the University of Paris at Nanterre, and also with the old Weltkriegsbuecherei, founded
privately by the industrialist Hermann Frank in 1919, and now called Bibliothek fuer
Zeitgeschichte in Stuttgart and closely allied to the Wuerttembergische Lanesbibliothek.
Herbert Hoover furnished the first $50,000 to get the collection started, and he and
his friends contributed over the years to the maintenance of this specialized library on
political change in the twentieth century. Today the Hoover Institution is an autonomous
library, archive, and research institution within the framework of Stanford University. At
the time of its founding more than seventy years ago, it was very imaginative and innovative
to concentrate on source material, and we still regard it as our mission to provide just this
kind of interdisciplinary and unconventional material to the faculty, students, and staff of
Stanford University and also to the ever wider community of visiting scholars and
researchers.
Hoover, on behalf of the American Relief Administration, was an excellent organizer
of relief work in Europe and in the newly established Soviet Union. He asked the network
of young American relief workers and administrators in place (under the supervision and
guidance of faculty members from the Stanford History Department) to collect archival
22
material, government reports, books, periodicals, and newspapers that dealt with the actual
conditions they were presently observing and hoping to alleviate. The decision had been
made to concentrate on contemporary history only and to document the actual conditions
of the twentieth century.
Based on its great interest in the causes, events, and results of World War I, the
Hoover Library extended its collecting activities to postwar developments, the great
upheavals that resulted in the emergence of the Soviet Union, the Italian Fascist state, and
eventually the rise of Nazi Germany. At this stage the collections were still very Europecentered. With the threat of the Second World War becoming a reality, the then director
of the library, Professor Ralph H. Lutz, took one last trip to Europe in the fall of 1939
(war had already broken out but the United States was still neutral). He visited old
exchange partners, libraries, private contacts, book suppliers, and antiquarian book stores;
left money for future purchases; and promised to return once hostilities were over. In
1946-1948 representatives of the Hoover Library did just that, and in some cases small
important collections were waiting for them. Through the good offices of Herbert Hoover,
the library also linked up with the Library of Congress Mission in 1946 to collect wartime
documentation, and as a result a vast amount of material, both allied and enemy, made its
way to California.
Colonel Hubert G. Schenk set up a Hoover Library Collecting Center in Tokyo in
1945 and laid the groundwork for the Japanese language collection, concentrating on the
causes and the results of the war in the Far East, rather than on military operations.
Professor Mary C. Wright, immediately after her release from prison camp in Kyoto, set
to work to start a similar Chinese collection with wartime material from Chungking, Beijing,
and also Mao's stronghold in Yenan, and so furnished one of the first collections of
Chinese communist materials.
One of the most important historical records in this area is contained in the
extensive papers of General Joseph W. Stilwell, who was the commanding general, U.S.
Forces in the China-Burma-India Theater and commander of the Chinese armies in Burma
for 1942-1944. The papers, for which there is a register, contain his famous diaries in
which he described his conflicts with Chiang Kai-shek, as well as his correspondence,
radiograms, memoranda, military orders, annotated maps, and printed maUer, all relating
to the development of Nationalist China and the Sino-Japanese conflict of 1937-1945.
These papers were used extensively by Barbara W. Tuchman in her biography of Stilwell.
The internment and relocation of Japanese Americans in World War II are well
documented in a variety of collections, which can be located under the names of Alice N.
Hays, Crane Rosenbaum, Mrs. Jack W. Shoup, Margaret C. Sowers, Henrieta von Blon,
and the U.S. War Relocation Authority. The papers of Lillian Baker Gust to mention one),
housed in sixty manuscript boxes, include correspondence, legal briefs, court and
Congressional hearings testimony, reparation proposals, and research materials used in
preparation of the author's books. The subject of wartime relocation, the experience of
the camp inmates, and the present-day efforts at compensation make the whole complex
of materials very relevant.
23
Interest in the Far East, Mrica, the Middle East, and also Latin America can be
traced to American involvement in the Second World War. Stanford University maintained
a Civil Mairs Training School for military administrators to be stationed in newly liberated
territories, and the foreign collections at the Hoover Library were heavily used and also
extended as much as possible with wartime (mostly British) purchases.
But the magic years of collecting extended from 1946 to 1948-1949. With the help
of Herbert Hoover, trips to Europe were funded for a number of "historical sleuths";
Merrill Spaulding, Charles F. Delzell, Louis Lochner, and John Mason Brown were among
them. Fascinating archival material came pouring into the library, such as the Von Loesch
collection on the Balkans; the fourteen little volumes of the Frieda Schmidt diary, the
journal of a dressmaker in Stuttgart, who was not a Nazi party member, but kept her own
judgment; a set of UFA wartime newsreels which were distributed in Madrid to make
propaganda for Nazi Germany; records of the Partito d'Azione, the opposition group in
Italy; or the papers of Guiliana Beltrami relating the the activities of Italian women in the
resistance, just to mention a few examples.
The Hoover Institution was made one of the twelve deposit libraries in the United
States for the records of the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg and also for
those of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East. In the Nuremberg case it
involved the printed record, the daily mimeographed record, the staff evidence analyses,
and the seemingly endless documentation of the PS, NG, NI, OKW document series, as
well as the document books for the individual defendants. The series came either in
mimeographed form or as photoreproductions, with the document books always as
photoreproductions. These reproductions had a particularly fatal flaw: they tended to selfdestruct by becoming totally illegible. The reason was simple: under time pressure and
in the heat of the moment in the courtroom in Nuremberg, they were not washed properly,
and the chemicals used in the process slowly ate through the paper. The National Archives
microfilmed the entire set, and we now use the microfilm with the appropriate National
Archives guides. A whole generation of young historians was trained on these records, the
first original sources on conditions in Nazi Germany that had become available.
Another windfall was the photocopies of the documentation from the Politische
Archiv des Auswaertigen Amts, which were used by the British, French, and American
editors of the Documents on German Foreign Policy, Series C and D, for the years 19331945. By luck the Hoover Institution received from the Department of State a set of
photocopies that were in some disarray, but it was possible to organize the material into
the serial numbers used in the publication and to provide in this way a handy, small (but
not complete) political archive of the German Foreign Office. About 1,000 serial numbers
are involved. A list of the serial numbers and an alphabetical subject guide can be
consulted. Together with the printed volumes, these records allow a fascinating glimpse as
to how foreign policy was made from the tentative suggestion to the final proposal. This
might be a good point to mention that a Catalog of Files and Microfilms of the German
Forei~n Ministry Archives, compiled and edited by George O. Kent, was published by the
Hoover Institution in four volumes, 1962-1972.
24
Also of great use is a partial set (the complete set is at the National Archives) of
foreign military studies, 1945-1954. These studies were made by German high-ranking
officers on their campaigns under the supervision of General Franz Halder. A guide to
foreign military studies, 1945-1954 is available, published by the U.S. Army European
Command, Historical Branch. The thoughts and motivations, tactics, and hopes of each
commander are spelled out clearly for the student and the scholar.
In the years 1959-1961 it was possible to microfilm the files of the NSDAP
Hauptarchiv, which were stored at the Berlin Document Center. The 155 reels of
microfilm, supplied with identifying targets and serial numbers, unfortunately were filmed
without frame numbers by somewhat inexperienced microfilm crews detailed to this task
by the Army in Berlin. The films of the Hauptarchiv do not cover the wartime period, but
a few files of calendars of Heinrich Himmler, which were also filmed, do belong to this
period. A guide entitled NSDAP Hauptarchiv: Guide to the Hoover Institution Microfilm
Collection, with careful listing of the serials and description of their contents, is available
in part to make up for the missing frame numbers.
Of special interest to the scholar interested in German wartime conditions are the
eighty-seven manuscript boxes of the Daniel Lerner collection, which contain reports,
correspondence, pamphlets, and radio transcripts relating to Allied propaganda in Europe,
and evaluation of wartime German morale and public opinion, gathered from documents
captured on the battlefield. Lerner is the author of Sykewar (Psychological Warfare). He
was responsible for the immediate interpretation and use in propaganda of documents
found on the battlefield.
Under the heading "Germany:
Oberkommando der Wehrmacht;
Fuehrerhauptquartier; Stenographischer Dienst," five volumes of mimeographed transcripts
of Fuehrer conferences for 1942-1945 can be found. For the years 1942-1943, about 6,000
original diary pages of Joseph Goebbels, the German propaganda minister, can be
consulted (on microfilm, since the originals are fragile). More information on the
propaganda ministry is furnished by the eleven manuscript boxes of Wilfrid Bade. For
photographs and X-rays of Hitler's head immediately after the July 20, 1944 assassination
attempt and for interview reports of wartime military intelligence, seven manuscript boxes
of the William Russell Philp collection are available. Also available is a fascinating special
collection of about 700 volumes in the Walter L. Leschander collection of wartime
intelligence and spy stories as well as nine manuscript boxes of photographs, maps, and
clippings relating to military intelligence. The wartime prison diary of Sigismund Payne
Best, the British intelligence agent captured in Holland by the Germans in the first days
of the war, forms part of this collection.
Glimpses of inner German opposition, centered around the July 20, 1944
assassination attempt on Hitler, can be found in small sets of papers of Wilhelm Adam,
Walter Bargatzky, Ingeborg Havemann-Harnack, Karl Goerdeler, Paulus van Husen,
Gebhard Seelos, Harro Schulze-Boysen (documents on microfilm), and Erwin von
Witzleben. The Fot-Willinger collection houses photographs of social, cultural, industrial,
and agricultural activities and also includes scenes of military operations in World War II.
25
As a rule, photographs are removed from a documentary collection and are stored and
listed separately by subject.
As part of a concerted effort to gather documentation on underground movements
in Europe, a French Library Committee was established in Paris in 1946, under the
guidance of Louis Chevrillon (Bibliotheque de Guerre Hoover, Stanford University, Comite
pour la France). The committee succeeded in having copies made of the records of the
Comite National de la Resistance, particularly of the files of COMAC (Comite d'action
militaire du comite national de la resistance). About 600 documents carefully listed are in
this French Resistance Collection, which has been integrated into the World War II
collection in the archives and which allows a glimpse into the detailed operations of the
wartime French underground.
On the Vichy side of the political spectrum there is an extensive collection of
depositions and affidavits by the friends and collaborators of Pierre Laval, brought together
by his son-in-law Rene de Chambrun. Also housed in the Hoover Archives, but closed
until 1998, are the papers of Georges Scapini, the Chief of the Diplomatic Service in charge
of French prisoners of war. The diaries of Marcel Deat for the period 1939-1945 (which
were recently published) are available in photocopy.
Regional administrative files dealing mostly with price control and rationing for the
Feldkommandatur Biarritz for 1940-1943 mirror the everyday problems of the German
occupier.
Little known and hardly used, but most useful for studies of mood and morale, is
a small collection of about fifty titles of military journals of the phony war of 1939-1940
(drole de guerre). The files are not complete; often there are only one or two iss·ues. La
Franchise Militaire, November 1939-May 1940, is an example of many titles. Then there
are about sixty titles, also not complete, of the French press under German occupation.
One title which can stand for many is La France au travail, 1940-1941. For the clandestine
and underground press, Les lettres francaises, 1942-1944, is a good example. For the Free
French, Le Bulletin de la Marine Francaise, 1942-1945, published in London, can be cited.
This collection of French periodicals and newspapers is particularly rich in opposition and
resistance points of view and was brought together in part by Chevrillon's committee.
Smaller collections of underground publications, diaries, notebooks, serial
publications, flyers, posters, and anti-German cartoons are available for Belgium (the Albert
Jadot and Jean Wittenberg collections), Holland, Norway, and Denmark. The publishing
house of Martinus Nijhoff put together a collection of literary publications, lavishly
illustrated and printed on fine paper by underground presses in the years 1942-1945. These
booklets, often with the colophon of the press and a note of how many copies were printed,
could not be sold and were just passed from hand to hand. They represent a striking
example of literary opposition and have hardly been used.
Acquired in 1983, a valuable set of source materials on Great Britain in wartime and
beyond is contained in seven boxes of microfiche which contain the Tom Harrison MassObservation Archive, from 1937-1949, II,lade more useful still by a published subject index
_.
26
put together by Dorothy Sheridan. The minutes of the British War Cabinet from 19391945 (CAB 65) and various subseries are held on microfilm in the Government Documents
Department of the Stanford University Library. Since London functioned as the center of
the Free World a great many serial publications originated there, many of which were
collected by the Hoover Institution.
An interesting sidelight on the technological aspects of the German war effort is
shown by a substantial set of FIAT (Field Intelligence Agency, Technical) and BIOS
(British Intelligence Objectives Subcommittee) reports, first collected in London and
eventually made available to American research libraries. These are held in the Library
and not in the Archives.
Recently declassified and distributed is a set of the so-called "Farm Hall" documents,
listed in the Hoover Archives catalog under Rittner, T. M., the name of the British major
whose task it was to monitor surreptitiously the conversations of ten leading German
physicists (held in detention in England) as they related to German nuclear research in
World War II and the men's reactions when they learned of the use of the atomic bomb
in Japan.
Wartime London also offered a home to the Polish Government in Exile, and the
records of the embassy in London collected at that time for the years 1918-1945 are now
located at the Hoover Institution in 133 manuscript boxes. These records are augmented
by files of the Polish Embassy in the Soviet Union for the years 1941-1944 and the United
States from 1918 to 1956, which are also housed here. Further information on wartime
Poland can be obtained by consulting the papers of Jan Karski, who was the liaison officer
and courier of the Polish Government in Exile in London and the Polish underground and
the author of The Story of a Secret State. The papers of Stanislaw Mikolaczyk for 19381966, the prime minister of the Polish Government in Exile, later second vice-premier and
minister of agriculture, and finally president of the Independent Peasant Union, are held
in 218 manuscript boxes and can be used with the help of a preliminary inventory. Part
of the collection is a nicely bound set of small underground periodicals, which belonged to
Mikolaczyk personally and which he presented to Herbert Hoover at a party, estimating
that this was the only way in which he could get the publications presenting his party's point
of view out of the country increasingly dominated by the Polish Communist Party.
In more than ninety-two manuscript boxes of the Wladyslaw Anders collection, the
papers of the Polish Army in the USSR are housed for the period of 1939 to 1946. Anders
was commander in chief of this army, endured Russian prison camps with his men from the
division of Poland at the outbreak of the war on, and fought with his men on the Russian
side after the German attack on the Soviet Union in June 1941.
As an example on the other hand of collaboration with the German army, the
records of the Latvian Legion (which can be found under the heading of Waffen-SS,
Grenadier-Division, 15) can be cited. The records, housed in seventeen manuscript boxes,
deal with corresponence, memoranda, and military orders relating to the Latvian Legion
Police Battalions. The material may be used only with the permission of the Latvian
Welfare Association.
27
Traces of another army caught in an ideological dilemma, led by Andrei Vlasov, can
be found under its official name Russkaia-osvoboditel'naia armiia in the papers of Stanislav
Ansley, David Chavchavdze, George Fischer, Nicolay Inanov, Boris Nicolaevski, Dimitri
Shalikashvili, and George Wolfram. The most substantial records for this group can be
found in a set of weekly information bulletins issued in 1943 and 1944 in Italy: Russkaia
osvoboditel'naiai armiia. Informatsionnyi gazety Dobrovolets diia russkikh chastei v Italii.
The large collection of Julius Epstein papers on forced repatriation of Russian prisoners
at the end of the war in part document their fate.
In the 1960s the Archives undertook a very determined effort to collect the papers
of American military men, diplomats, and journalists who had been active in the time of
the Second World War. It is obviously impossible to list every collection, so every one that
is mentioned will stand for many similar ones. However, the Hoover Archives have very
careful print-outs of collection-level entries, which allow a first orientation. These printouts are available free of charge by writing to the Archives.
The America First Committee records for 1940-1942 in 339 manuscript boxes stand
by themselves. With their contents of correspondence, minutes of meetings, reports,
research studies, newsletters, campaign literature, clippings, mailing lists, and phonorecords,
the collection forms a vast unit mirroring an isolationist point of view.
Possibly because the Hoover Archives are located in California, the naval point of
view that is represented by the papers of Admiral Charles Cooke, the deputy chief of naval
operations, 1944-1945; Rear Admirals George Adam Lange, Robert Alfred Theobald, and
Arnold E. True; and Vice Admirals Thomas B. Inglis, Ralph E. Jennings, and Milton Miles,
to mention just a few, tends to look out to the Pacific and to the war with Japan..
Army records as well concentrate on the war with Japan, such as the papers of
Robert Parvin Williams, theater surgeon in the China-Burma-India area, or a small record
collection of Major General Charles Willoughby relating to the campaigns of General of
the Army Douglas MacArthur, or one manuscript box of papers of David Dean Barrett,
the Army colonel in charge of the U.S. Dixie mission to the Chinese Communist forces in
1944.
Recently declassified is the collection of 104 manuscript boxes of Major General
Frederick Anderson, who directed the bombing campaign against Germany. The register
gives details of the correspondence, reports, memoranda, motion picture films, and
photographs.
Frequently used have been the thirty-one manuscript boxes that house the records
of Robert D. Burhans, the colonel in charge of the First Special Service Force, and those
of Major General Robert Frederick, his superior. The collection of Charles MacArthur
Carman on the Jedburgh operations carried out by the U.S. Office of Strategic Services,
involving parachute operations behind German lines in 1944, also deserves mention.
Related to this collection are three manuscript boxes containing records of the U.S. Office
of Strategic Services Special Operations Branch, Western Europe section. The 1944-1945
28
reports relate to sabotage and resistance liaison activities in German-occupied France. The
Stephen M. Farrand papers deal with Alien Enemy Control, the Department of Justice, and
the Prisoner of War Division in the Office of the Provost Marshal General. Brigadier
General Bonner F. Fellers' collection contains memoranda and operational instruction
relating to U.S. propaganda. Lieutenant Colonel Donald McClure's name and collection
are mostly associated with war crimes trials. The 160 linear feet of the records of the
Military Order of the World Wars may be used only with the permission of the Historian
General of the organization. Of special interest are the collections of Colonel Boris T.
Pash, who served as security chief on the AlSOS mission in 1944 to determine the state
of German nuclear development, and of Joseph E. Persico, who researched American
secret service activities in Germany during World War II.
For specialized medical research the fifteen manuscript boxes of the Crawford F.
Sams collection are available. Brigadier General Sams was chief surgeon, U.S. Army
Forces in the Middle East, 1942-1943.
Also of interest are the papers of the American economist James H. Shoemaker, an
official of the Board of Economic Warfare, 1941-1943, and an evaluator of the U.S.
Strategic Bombing Survey. The General David M. Shoup papers are housed in twentyeight boxes and deal with the Marine involvement in the Tarawa campaign. An oddity
among the major collections is the small selection of papers of Jane Spencer, an American
pilot flying for the British Air Transport Auxiliary, 1943-1945. The 141 manuscript boxes
of the General Albert C. Wedemeyer collection will be open to research by January 1994.
The collection contains orders, plans, memoranda, correspondence, speeches, and writings
relating to Allied strategic planning and military operations in China.
But of course the war was being fought on many fronts, not just by the military.
Among the records of diplomats the following collections should be mentioned. William
W. Corcoran was an American consul general in Goteburg, Sweden, and his papers deal
with American-Swedish relations and Allied diplomacy in Sweden during World War II.
At the other end of the globe Eugene Hoffman Dooman was a counselor at the American
Embassy in Tokyo from 1937 to 1941 and later worked in the State Department. Inter
alia his papers deal with the decision to drop the atomic bomb and Allied policy regarding
the occupation of Japan. Maxwell M. Hamilton was chief of the Division of Far Eastern
Affairs in the State Department from 1937 to 1943, and his records relate to U.S. foreign
policy toward China and Japan. The enormous Stanley Hornbeck collection of 560
manuscript boxes covers his activities as chief of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs in the
State Department from 1928 to 1937; adviser on political affairs in matters relating to
China, Japan, and other areas of the Far East from 1937 to 1944; and ambassador to the
Netherlands from 1944 to 1947. Laurence E. Salisbury was deputy assistant chief of the
Division of Far Eastern Affairs in the State Department from 1941 to 1944 and editor of
the Far Eastern Survey from 1944 to 1948. His papers deal particularly with American
foreign relations with China, Japan, and the Philippines.
For the European Theater the Robert Murphy collection of 143 manuscript boxes
is of special interest, because of his importance as presidential envoy to French North
Africa, 1940-1942, and his position as political adviser to Supreme Headquarters, Allied
29
Expeditionary Forces. He went on to become political adviser to the Office for Military
Government for Germany, 1944-1949, and finally Undersecretary of State from 1953 to
1959. For this survey the documentation relating to the Allied invasion of North Mrica
should be stressed.
As an oddity (the collection was received as a gift), the Archives holds a set of
papers of Curt Max Prufer, a German diplomat, director of personnel in the Auswaertige
Amt, 1936-1939, and ambassador to Brazil, 1939-1942. The papers relate to German
foreign policy in the interwar period, particularly to Ethiopia, and to German-Brazilian
relations in the wartime period.
Eyewitness accounts and the story behind the headlines can be found in the records
and papers of journalists, and therefore, the Hoover Institution has made a particular effort
to collect the papers of prominent newspapermen. Among a much larger collection, these
are the papers that pertain in some way to the Second World War and add color, personal
touches, and on the spot interpretation. The collections mentioned here all include a
component of World War II records.
Among Elie Abel's papers, there is a section of source material dealing with the
book he and W. Averell Harriman wrote: Special Envoy to Churchill and Stalin. 19411946. The small collection of Edmund Albert Chester, the director of the Shortwave
Broadcasting and Latin American Relations of CBS from 1940 to 1948, includes material
on Latin America during the Second World War. Lawrence Fertig, a Hearst newspaper
syndicated columnist from 1944 to 1967, has a section on international economic policy in
his collection.
Frank E. Mason, who was the Berlin correspondent and president of the
International News Service, collected material on Allied military administration in Germany
at the end of World War II for the Hoover Institution. Most of his papers are held at the
Herbert Hoover Presidential Library in West Branch, Iowa. Templeton Peck worked for
the Office of War Information from 1941 to 1945 and was chief editor of the American
Broadcasting Station in Europe, located in London, 1944-1945. His papers relate especially
to the activities of the Office of War Information. Frank Tremaine was the manager of
the Honolulu office of the United Press in 1941. His collection consists of a typescript
describing the attack on Pearl Harbor. The fifty-nine manuscript boxes of Num Wales'
(Helen Foster Snow) papers include material on the Sino-Japanese conflict.
Both the photograph and poster collections deserve special mention. As is usual in
archival practice, photographs are removed from the incoming collections and are handled
and stored separately with detailed subject access through a special catalog. The
photographs come from very many diverse sources, both allied and enemy. To cite but two
examples: In the collection of Edward Steichen, the famous American photographer, there
is a striking set of photographs depicting ships and airplanes of the U.S. Navy in action in
the Pacific Theater. With the William Philp collection the Archives received two
photograph albums that belonged to Joachim von Ribbentrop, the Nazi Foreign Minister,
who had taken his personal photographer along on his trip to Moscow in August 1939 to
sign the Russo-German nonaggression pact. These albums display pictures of the signing
30
of the pact by Molotov and Ribbentrop with a smiling Stalin in the background under a
portrait of Lenin.
Among the audiovisual holdings the UFA Wochenschauen of 442 film reels stand
out. The newsreels were acquired from the German embassy building in Madrid by one
of the "historical sleuths" in 1948. The films had originally been sent to the embassy to
support German wartime propaganda in neutral Spain. Notable in the film holdings are
also the four reels and two videocassettes on the atomic bomb in the Harold Agnew
collection.
By format the following collections dealing with intelligence fit right in here. Sound
records are available for the Stanford Listening Post from 1940 to 1945, as well as
correspondence, transcripts of radio broadcasts, study papers, and card indexes relating to
radio broadcasts from East and Southeast Asia. The U.S. Foreign Broadcast Information
Service collection contains 1,077 phonorecords of sound recordings of foreign radio
broadcasts and translations of transcripts of Chinese communist broadcasts from Yenan.
In the area of relief activities the records of the Commission for Relief in Belgium,
1940-1945, and of the National Committee on Food for the Small Democracies, 1940-1942,
should be mentioned. Both collections document American wartime relief efforts for
civilians in Belgium, Norway, Finland, the Netherlands, and Poland.
The poster collection of more than 40,000 posters has been organized by country.
The individual posters have been photographed and then sealed in plastic sheeting for
preservation and ease of handling. For ease of access slides were also made of the
individual posters. A very sophisticated cataloging system based on a subject approach has
been devised for easy retrieval. The collection is very rich in colorful posters from the
major warring countries in the two world wars. Reproductions can be made easily from
the slide photographs, which are kept in photograph albums, the individual pages of which
can be searched on a light table.
The Hoover Institution Archives are open Monday through Friday from eight to five
o'clock. Researchers are welcome; sophisticated and knowledgeable reference help is
available. The Archives may be contacted by writing to the Hoover Institution Archives,
Hoover Institution, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305; telephone (415) 7233563; fax (415) 723-1687.
[Agnes F. Peterson is Curator, West European Collections, at the Hoover Institution on
War, Revolution, and Peace.]
31
AN INSIDER'S VIEW, Number 8
WORLD WAR II HOLDINGS
OF TIlE ROCKEFEllER ARCHIVE CENTER
by Harold Oakhill
The Rockefeller Archive Center in North Tarrytown, New York, is a repository for
the papers of the Rockefeller family and the records of the many philanthropic institutions
the family has established throughout the last century. The Archive Center also holds the
papers of many individuals who have been associated with the Rockefeller family or its
philanthropies as well as the records of some non-Rockefeller related philanthropies. The
collections consist of nearly 30,000 cubic feet of material including photographs and motion
pictures. Portions of some of these collections bear directly on World War II or on events
and topics spanning the World War II period.
Nelson A. Rockefeller's Washington, D.C. Files include over 32 cubic feet of
material documenting his work as Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs, 1940-1944.
Following a 1939 tour of Latin America Rockefeller expressed to President Franklin D.
Roosevelt his concern over Nazi influence in that region and suggested a program of U.S.
cooperation and assistance to raise the standard of living in Latin America and to improve
relations between the republics of the Western Hemisphere. President Roosevelt
responded by appointing him to head a new program which became known as the Office
of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs. Following Pearl Harbor the agency
coordinated the strategic defense of the region in the information, economic, .health,
sanitation, agricultural, transportation, and cultural fields, and actively worked to frustrate
Axis propaganda campaigns and economic designs on Latin America. The file includes 6
cubic feet of paper records arranged by subject and 13 reels of correspondence on
microfilm arranged alphabetically. There are also 19 cubic feet of bound printed material
including reports, newsletters, and circulars issued by the various divisions of the OCIAA.
Included here are day-by-day summaries and analysis of the progress of the war and events
in Latin America issued by the OCIAA for the Latin American news media. There is also
a complete set of En Guardia, a monthly Spanish-language picture magazine about the war
produced and distributed by the OCIAA. In addition, the file included 61 motion picture
films produced and distributed under the auspices of the OCIAA. The films are in both
English and Spanish and address health, education, and cultural issues. About half of them
were produced by Walt Disney Studios.
From December 1944 to August 1945 Rockefeller served as Assistant Secretary of
State for American Republic Affairs. Topics covered by the 2 cubic feet of records in this
file include the Inter-American Conference on Problems of War and Peace held in Mexico
City, February 1945, the United Nations organizing conference held in San Francisco, April
1945, and tensions between Argentina and the Allies. With the exception of En Guardia
and some of the films, all of the records described above are in English. For the most part
this material complements rather than duplicates parallel files in the National Archives.
32
The Rockefeller Foundation archives contains over 10 cubic feet of material
documenting its program, beginning in 1933, to relocate scholars, professors, and scientists
in Germany and occupied Europe who had been deprived of their academic positions for
political or other reasons. The Alfred E. Cohn Papers in the Rockefeller University
archives include another 6 cubic feet of material on this topic.
Also included in the Rockefeller Foundation archives are two files on Foundationsupported studies of the effects of forced resettlement of Japanese-Americans as a U.S.
wartime measure. The studies began in 1942.
The Rockefeller Family archives includes 2 cubic feet of material regarding John D.
Rockefeller, Jr.'s support of the USO. There is half a cubic foot documenting his support
of the National War Relief Fund and another 3 cubic feet documenting the Rockefeller
family's support of other war relief activities.
Also included in the RockefeJler Family archives are 16 cubic feet of material
regarding the family's support of various national defense issues. Topics covered include
war preparation, civil defense, universal military training, U.S. foreign policy and foreign
relations, world affairs, postwar reconstruction, peace plans, and world peace organizations.
Included are 2 cubic feet on the formation and early development of the United Nations.
Most of this material relates to World War II, although some is related to World War I
or the Cold War. These files consist mostly of appeals for support from a wide variety of
private organizations and institutions. Most of the appeals were declined by the
RockefeJler family or were responded to with modest donations. However, this material
does offer a concentrated collection of correspondence and literature regarding these topics
and provides a civilian perspective to the debate over defense-related issues during the
World War II period.
The John Z. Bowers Papers include 1 1/2 cubic feet of correspondence and reports
regarding Bowers' history of the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission and the Radiation
Effects Research Foundation.
The Eli Whitney Debevoise Papers include 4 inches of material regarding his work
as a member of Alien Enemy Hearing Board No.3 (New York City), 1941-1945. The
Board, made up of three private citizens appointed by the Attorney General of the U.S.,
was charged with hearing the cases of aliens accused of espionage.
The archives of the Commonwealth Fund include 1 cubic foot of material
documenting that philanthropy's support of war relief efforts.
Since the holdings of the RockefeJler Archive Center consist almost entirely of 20th
century collections it is possible to study the effects of the war on a large number of topics
which span the World War II period. Topics of recent war-related historical research at
the Archive Center include mass communication research, social science and the
democratization of Germany, the impact of World War II on Central America, U.S.Venezuelan relations, and the cultural politics of postwar Japan.
33
The Archives Center publishes an annual newsletter and has a grant-in-aid program
which provides travel grants to enable qualified scholars to visit the Center.
For further information, write to: Director, Rockefeller Archive Center, 15 Dayton
Avenue, North Tarrytown, New York 10591-1598.
[Harold Oakhill is Archivist, Rockefeller Archive Center.]
SELECf BffiLIOGRAPHY OF BOOKS AND ARTICLES
IN ENGLISH RELATING TO THE WORlD WAR II ERA
The following select bibliography is the sixth in a series including works published
since January 1, 1990. This bibliography was compiled with the assistance of Erlene
James.
BOOKS:
Adams, Michael C. The Best War Ever: America in World War II. Baltimore, Md.:
Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993.
Adams, R. J. Q. British Politics and Foreign Policy in the Age of Appeasement. 1935-39.
Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1993.
Alexander, Martin S. The Republic in Danger: General Maurice Gamelin and the Politics
of French Defence. 1933-1940. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
Andrews, Maxine, and Bill Gilbert. Over Here. Over There: The Andrews Sisters and the
usa Stars in World War II. New York: Zebra Books, 1993.
Arad, Yitzak, ed. The Pictorial History of the Holocaust. New York: Macmillan, 1990.
Arnbal, Anders Kjar. The Barrel-Land Dance Hall Rangers: World War II. June 1942February 1944. New York: Vantage, 1993.
Astor, Gerald. A Blood-Dimmed Tide: The Battle of the Btllge by the Men Who Fought
It. New York: Donald I. Fine, 1992.
Avella, Steven M. The Confident Church: Catholic Leadership and Life in Chicago. 19401965. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1993.
Bailey, Beth, and David Farber. The First Strange Place: The Alchemy of Race and Sex
in World War II Hawaii. New York: Free Press, 1992.
_.
34
Baughman, James L. The Republic of Mass Culture: Journalism. Filmmaking. and
Broadcasting in America Since 1941. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press,
1992.
Baylis, John. The Diplomacy of Pragmatism: Britain and the Formation of NATO. 19421949. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1993.
Bayor, Ronald H. Fiorello La Guardia: Ethnicity and Reform. Arlington Heights, Ill.:
Harlan Davidson, 1993.
Berger, Alan L. Bearin2 Witness to the Holocaust. 1939-1989. Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin
Mellon Press, 1991.
Berry, William A., with James E. Alexander. Prisoner of the Rising Sun. Norman, Okla.:
University of Oklahoma Press, 1993.
Bethell, Leslie, and Ian Roxborough, eds. Latin America Between the Second World War
and the Cold War: Crisis and Containment. 1944-1948. New York: Cambridge University
Press, 1993.
Bickers, Richard T. Home Run: Great RAF Escapes in World War II. London: Leo
Cooper, 1992.
Bielawski, Shraga Feivel. The Last Jew from Wegrow: The Memoirs of a Survivor of the
Step-by-Step Genocide in Poland. Ed. by Louis W. Liebovich. New York: Praeger, 1991.
Bird, Tom. American POWs of World War II: Forgotten Men Tell Their Stories. New
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"A Date Which Will Live in Infamy." Michigan History 75 (November-December 1991):
18-40.
Deschamps-Adams, Helene. "An
24 (Fall 1992): 257-74.
ass Agent Behind
Enemy Lines in France." Prologue
48
Doherty, Tom. "Too Little, Too Late: Janesville's 'Lost Children' of the Armored Force."
Wisconsin Magazine of History 75 (Summer 1992): 242·83.
Drea, Edward J.
"Recognizing the Liberators:
U.S. Army Divisions Enter the
Concentration Camps." Army History 24 (Fall-Winter 1992-1993): 1-5.
Dresser, Laura J. "Working Class Rosies: Women Industrial Workers During World War
II." Journal of Economic History 52 (June 1992): 431-46.
Dumenil, Gerard. ''The Rise of the Rate of Profit During World War II." Review of
Economics and Statistics 75 (May 1993): 315-20.
Fagan, Michele L. "Nebraska Nursing Education During World War II." Nebraska History
73 (Fall 1992): 126-37.
Farrell, Brian P. "Symbol of Paradox: The Casablanca Conference, 1943." Canadian
Journal of History 28 (April 1993): 21-40.
Flood, Christopher. "Andre Labarthe and Raymond Aron: Political Myth and Ideology
in La France Libre." Journal of European Studies 23 (March 1993): 139-58.
Flower, J. E. "A Forgotten Novel of the Resistance: Pierre Courtade's Elseneur." Journal
of European Studies 23 (March 1993): 121-38.
Frank, Richard B. "Guadalcanal: The Pivotal Campaign." Proceedings of the U.S. Naval
Institute 118 (August 1992): 75-77.
Freeman, Joshua B. "The Education of an Anti-Communist: Father John F. Cronin and
the Baltimore Labor Movement." Labor History 33 (Spring 1992): 217-47.
Freeman, Waldo D., et al. "The Challenge of Combined Operations." Military Review 72
(November 1992): 2-11.
Frei, Alfred G. "'In the End I Just Said O.K.': Political and Moral Dimensions of Escape
Aid at the Swiss Border." Journal of Modern History 64 Supplement (December 1992):
S68-81.
Friedman, Hal M. "The Beast in Paradise: The United States Navy in Micronesia, 19431947." Pacific Historical Review 62 (May 1993): 173-95.
Fritzsche, Peter. "Machine Dreams: Airmindedness and the Reinvention of Germany."
American Historical Review 98 (June 1993): 685-709.
Geyer, Michael. "Resistance as Ongoing Project: Visions of Order, Obligations to
Strangers, Struggles for Civil Society." Journal of Modern History 64 Supplement
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49
Geyer, Michael, and John W. Boyer. "Resistance Against the Third Reich as Intercultural
Knowledge." Journal of Modem HistOIY 64 Supplement (December 1992): SI-7.
Glantz, David M. "Map Study: The Khar'kov Operation, 12-27 May 1942." Journal of
Soviet Military Studies 5 (September 1992): 494-510.
Goda, Norman J. W. "The Riddle of the Rock: A Reassessment of German Motives for
the Capture of Gibraltar in the Second World War." Journal of Contemporary History 28
(April 1993): 297-314.
Goff, James M. "Evolving Soviet Force Structure, 1941-1945:
Journal of Soviet MilitaIY Studies 5 (September 1992): 363-404.
Process and Impact."
Goldberg, Stanley. "Inventing a Climate of Opinion: Vannevar Bush and the Decision to
Build the Bomb." Isis 83 (September 1992): 429-54.
Golsan, Richard J. "Ideology, Cultural Politics, and Literary Collaboration at La Gerbe."
Journal of European Studies 23 (March 1993): 27-47.
Gooderson, Ian. "Heavy and Medium Bombers: How Successful Were They in Tactical
Close Air Support During World War II?" Journal of StrateEic Studies 15 (September
1992): 367-99.
Gordon, Bertram M. "The Morphology of the Collaborator: The French Case." Journal
of European Studies 23 (March 1993): 1-25.
Goyer, Norm. "The Way We Flew." Air Progress 54 (May 1992): 38-45. [Flight training
during WWII]
Green, David M. "Peleliu." After the Battle 78 (November 1992): 1-43.
Greenstein, George. "Luie's Gadgets: A Profile of Luis Alvarez." American Scholar 61
(Winter 1992): 90-98.
Griffiths, Richard. "A Certain Idea of France: Ernst Junger's Paris Diaries, 1941-44."
Journal of European Studies 23 (March 1993): 101-20.
Grill, Johnpeter H., and Robert L. Jenkins. "The Nazis and the American South in the
1930s: A Mirror Image?" Journal of Southern HistoIY 58 (November 1992): 667-94.
Grudens, Richard. "Hope Springs Eternal."
[Bob Hope]
World War II 8 (September 1993): 22-28.
Gwiazda, Henry J., II. "World War II and Nazi Racism." Prologue 25 (Spring 1993): 6577.
50
Grundlingh, Louis. "'Non-Europeans Should Be Kept Away from the Temptations of
Towns': Controlling Black South African Soldiers During the Second World War."
International Journal of African Historical Studies 25 (1992): 539-60.
Hartzell, Karl D. "New York State and World War II: Preserving the Record." New York
History 73 (July 1992): 321-36.
Heitmann, John A. "The Man Who Won the War: Andrew Jackson Higgins." Louisiana
History 34 (Winter 1993): 35-50.
Hemingway, AI. "Brilliant Feat of Arms." World War II 8 (November 1993): 26-32.
[Merrill's Marauders]
Henderson, Nicholas. "Hitler's Biggest Blunder." History Today 43 (April 1993): 35-43.
Herbert, Ulrich. "Labour and Extermination: Economic Interest and the Primacy of
Weltanschauung in National Socialism." Past and Present: A Journal of Historical Studies
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Hewitt, Nicholas. "Independent Publishing in Vichy France: The Case of Pierre Segher's
Poesie." Journal of European Studies 23 (March 1993): 193-206.
Hodges, Patricia A. M. "Perspectives on History: Military Dietetics in the Philippines
During World War II." American Dietetic Association Journal 92 (July 1992): 840-43.
Hoffman, Louise E. "American Psychologists and Wartime Research on Germany, 19411945." American Psychologist 47 (February 1992): 264-73.
Hooks, Gregory. "The Weakness of Strong Theories: The U.S. State's Dominance of the
World War II Investment Process." American Sociological Review 58 (February 1993): 3753.
Hooks, Gregory, and Leonard E. Bloomquist. ''The Legacy of World War II for Regional
Growth and Decline:
The Cumulative Effects of Wartime Investments on U.S.
Manufacturing, 1947-72." Social Forces 71 (December 1992): 303-37.
Hooks, Gregory, and Gregory McLauchlan. "Reevaluating Theories of U.S. War Making:
Technology and Bureaucracy in Three Eras of Strategic Planning, 1939-1989." Social
Science Quarterly 73 (June 1992): 437-56.
Howlett, Peter. "New Light Through Old Windows: ANew Perspective on the British
Economy in the Second World War." Journal of Contemporary History 28 (April 1993):
361-79.
Hynes, Samuel. "War Stories: Myths of World War II." Sewanee Review 100 (Winter
1992): 98-105.
51
Ikenberry, G. John. "A World Economy Restored: Expert Consensus and the AngloAmerican Postwar Settlement." International Organization 46 (Winter 1992): 289-321.
Ingham, Barbara. "Shaping Opinion on Development Policy: Economists at the Colonial
Office During World War II." History of Political Economy 24 (Fall 1992): 689-710.
Jaffa, Harry V. "In Defense of Churchill." Modern Age 34 (Spring 1992): 277-82.
Jeanrond, Werner G. "From Resistance to Liberation Theology: German Theologians and
the Non-Resistance to the National Socialist Regime." Journal of Modern History 64
Supplement (December 1992): S187-203.
Jones, Howard, and Randall B. Woods. "Origins of the Cold War in Europe and the Near
East: Recent Historiography and the National Security Imperative." Diplomatic History
17 (Spring 1993): 251-76.
Jones, Kensinger H. "Michigan Goes to War: North to Alaska." Michigan History 76
(September-October 1992): 20-23.
Judt, Tony. "'We Have Discovered History': Defeat, Resistance, and Intellectuals in
France." Journal of Modern History 64 Supplement (December 1992): SI47-72.
Keefer, Louis. "Enemies Turned Allies: Italian POWs in Ohio." Timeline 10 (MarchApril 1993): 46-54.
Keefer, Louis. "The West Virginia World War II Home Front: Bell Bottoms at Bethany."
Goldenseal 18 (Fall 1992): 9-17.
Kelly, Michael. "French Catholic Intellectuals During the Occupation."
European Studies 23 (March 1993): 179-191.
Journal of
Kelly, Thomas 0., II. "Race and Racism in the American World War II War Film: The
Negro, the Nazi, and the 'Jap' in Bataan and Sahara." Michigan Academician 24 (Summer
1992): 571-84.
King, Michael B. "Hinge of Fate." National Review 45 (March 1, 1993): 32-35. [German
declaration of war on U.S.]
Kingseed, Cole C. "Dark Days of White Knights." Military Review 73 (January 1993): 6775.
Kitchens, John W. "Organic Army Aviation in World War II. Part 1, 1940-1943." United
States Army Aviation Digest 4 (May-June 1992): 10-17.
Kitchens, John W. "Organic Army Aviation in World War II. Part 2, 1944-1946." United
States Army Aviation Digest 4 (July-August 1992): 14-25.
52
Klemperer, Klemens von.. "'What Is the Law That Lies Behind These Words?' Antigone's
Question and the German Resistance Against Hitler." Journal of Modern History 64
Supplement (December 1992): S102-11.
Kochavi, Arieh H. "Britain and the Establishment of the United Nations War Crimes
Commission." English Historical Review 107 (April 1992): 323-49.
Konvitz, Josef W. "Missing the Boat: Port City Planning in Glasgow During World War
II." Urban Studies 29 (December 1992): 1293-1304.
Koonz, Claudia. "Ethical Dilemmas and Nazi Eugenics: Single-Issue Dissent in Religious
Contexts." Journal of Modern History 64 Supplement (December 1992): S8-31.
Kossoudji, Sherrie A. "The End of a Riveting Experience: Occupational Shifts at Ford
After World War II." American Economic Review 82 (May 1992): 519-25.
Krammer, Arnold. "Operation PLUTO: A Wartime Partnership for Petroleum."
Technology and Culture 33 (July 1992): 441-66.
Langdon, Jeremy. "St. Nazaire: Greatest Raid of AlL" Army Quarterly and Defence
Journal 122 (April 1992): 188-200.
Large, David Clay. "'A Beacon in the German Darkness': The Anti-Nazi Resistance
Legacy in West German Politics." Journal of Modern History 64 Supplement (December
1992): S173-86.
Larson, George A. "Nebraska's World War II Bomber Plant: The Glenn L. MartinNebraska Company. Nebraska History 74 (Spring 1993): 32-43.
Larson, Kent A. "The Debal'tsevo Raid, February 1943: A Case Study in the Role of
Initiative in Soviet Operational Art." Journal of Soviet Military Studies 5 (September
1992): 426-50.
Launius, Roger. "World War II Military Aviation in the Rockies:
National Resource." Journal of the West 32 (April 1993): 86-93.
From Natural to
Laurie, Clayton D. "Black Games, Subversion, and Dirty Tricks: The OSS Morale
Operations Branch in Europe, 1943-1945." Prologue 25 (Fall 1993): 259-71.
Leiter, Samuel L. "Theatre on the Home Front: World War II on New York's Stages,
1941-1945." Journal of American Drama and Theatre 5 (Spring 1993): 47-70.
Lenihan, Daniel J. "Aleutian Affair." Natural History 1992 (June): 50-61.
LePore, Herbert P. "Army Aviation in the North African Campaign." Military Review 72
(November 1992): 80-84.
53
Levitt, Martin L. "The Airship in World War II: Assessing a Unique Element in Naval
Air Power." Air Power History 39 (Fall 1992): 10-20.
Lewandowski, Michael J. "Democracy in the Workplace: Working Women in Midwestern
Unions, 1943-1945." Prolo&ue 25 (Summer 1993): 157-69.
Lewis, John M. "Meterologists From the University of Tokyo: Their Exodus to the United
States Following World War II." Bulletin of the American Meterolo&ical Society 74 (July
1993): 1351-60.
Lincoln, Paul. "The Aalborg Attack." After the Battle 72 (1991): 1-11.
Lipman, Samuel. "Furtwangler and the Nazis." Commentary 95 (March 1993): 44-49.
Lipstadt, Deborah E. "Academe Must Not Legitimize Denials of the Holocaust."
Chronicle of Higher Education 39 (July 28, 1993): B1-B2.
Litoff, Judy Barrett, and David C. Smith. "Since You Went Away: The War Letters of
America's Women." History Today 41 (December 1991): 20-26.
Lobdell, Arthur T. "Observations of a POW Camp Commander." Palimpsest 73 (Winter
1992): 178-79.
Lobdell, George H. "A Tale of Two Christmases at the Algona Prisoner-of-War Camp."
Palimpsest 73 (Winter 1992): 170-77.
Lotchin, Roger W. "World War II and Urban California: City Planning and the
Transformation Hypothesis." Pacific Historical Review 62 (May 1993): 143-71.
Liidtke, Alf. "The Appeal of Exterminating 'Others': German Workers and the Limits of
Resistance." Journal of Modern History 64 Supplement (December 1992): S46-67.
Lukacs, John. "Herbert Hoover Meets Adolf Hitler." American Scholar 62 (Spring 1993):
235-38.
Mackay, Ross. "The War Years: Methodists in Papua, 1942-1945." Journal of Pacific
History 27 (June 1992): 29-43.
Madden, Ryan. "The Forgotten People: The Relocation and Internment of Aleuts During
World War II." American Indian Culture and Research Journal 16 (1992): 55-76.
Magini, Publio, as told to Arne Crudge. "Secret Mission to Tokyo." MHO: The Quarterly
Journal of Military History 5 (Summer 1993): 98-103. [Italian flight over U.S.S.R.]
Manzo, Louis A. "Morality in War Fighting and Strategic Bombing in World War II." Air
Power History 39 (Fall 1992): 35-50.
54
Margry, Karel. "The Invasion of Sicily." After the Battle 77 (August 1992): 1-25.
McCann, Frank D. "The Forca Expedicionaria Brasileira in the Italian Campaign, 194445." Army HistoIY 26 (Spring 1993): 1-11.
McCartney, William A. "War and Remembrance: Army Vet Recalls Philippine, Okinawan
Battles of 1945." Journal of America's MilitaIY Past 19 (Fall 1992): 5-13.
McDowell, John. "The Year They Firebombed the West." American Forests 99 (May
1993): 22-23.
McHugh, Kevin C. "Navigating from Shangri-La: Cincinnati's Doolittle Raider at War."
Queen City Heritage 50 (Winter 1992): 3-18.
McLaughlin, Robert L. "History and Autobiography:
Connecticut Review 15 (Spring 1993): 1-10.
The V-2 Scientists Look Back."
Mengus, Raymond. "Dietrich Bonhoffer and the Decision to Resist." Journal of Modern
HistoIY 64 Supplement (December 1992): S134-46.
"Mennonites and Alternative Service in World War II." Mennonite Quarterly Review 66
(October 1992): 451-627.
Mersky, Peter. "Naval Aviation in Operation Torch." Naval Aviation News 75 (NovemberDecember 1992): 24-28.
Meyer, Leisa D. "Creating G.!. Jane: The Regulation of Sexuality and Sexual Behavior
in the Women's Army Corps During World War II." Feminist Studies 18 (Fall 1992): 581601.
"Michigan Goes to War: Detroit's 1943 Riot." Michigan HistoIY 77 (May-June 1993): 3439.
"Michigan Goes to War: World War II Memories." Michigan HistoIY 77 (March-April
1993): 42-45.
Moise, Norman S. "Unconquerable Ground Reclaimed."
1993): 42-48. [Tarawa]
World War II 8 (November
Mokotoff, Gary. "Documenting Victims of the Holocaust: A Case Study for JewishAmerican Researchers." National Genealogical Society Quarterly 79 (June 1991): 12837.
Mommsen, Hans. "The German Resistance Against Hitler and the Restoration of Politics."
Journal of Modern History 64 Supplement (December 1992): S112-27.
Morgan, Brewster. "Yank in the RAP." Military History 8 (June 1991): 34-40.
55
Moore, Mike. "The Incident at Stagg Field."
(December 1992): 11-15.
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 48
Murphey, Dwight D. "The World War II Relocation of Japanese-Americans." Journal of
Social, Political, and Economic Studies 18 (Spring 1993): 93-117.
Murphy, John F., Jr. "Weapons of the Rising Sun." Man-At-Arms 12 (September-October
1990): 28-35.
Nelson, Hank. "The Troops, the Town, and the Battle: Rabaul, 1942." Journal of Pacific
History 27, no. 2 (1992): 198-216.
Neufeld, Michael J. "Hitler, the V-2, and the Battle for Priority, 1939-1943." Journal of
Military History 57 (July 1993): 511-38.
Noyes, Harry F., III. "Sergeant's Odyssey." World War II 8 (September 1993): 46-52.
O'Halpin, Eunan. "Intelligence and Security in Ireland, 1922-1945."
National Security 5 (January 1990): 50-83.
Intelligence and
O'Leary, Michael. "When Beechcraft Went to War." Air Progress 54 (June 1992): 6872.
Olson, Donald W. "Astronomical Computing: Pearl Harbor and the Waning Moon."
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~
Orr, Scott, P. "Psychophysiological Assessment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Imagery
in World War II and Korean Combat Veterans." Journal of Abnormal Psychology 102
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Oxford, Edward. "Guadalcanal." American History Illustrated 27 (January 1993): 26-39.
Pais, Abraham. "World War II and American Science." Southern Humanities Review 27
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Pallud, Jean Paul. "The French Navy at Toulon." After the Battle 76 (May 1992): 1-25.
Parton, James. "General Ira Eaker, Creator of the Eighth Air Force." Air Power History
39 (Fall 1992): 31-34.
Paschall, Rod. "Tactical Exercises: Crossing the T." MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of
Military History 3 (Winter 1991): 34-35.
Pavasovic, Mike. "Cetniks: Heroes or Villains?" History Today 42 (April 1992): 7-9.
56
Pec, Steve S. "The 1940s Sovietization of Poland: A Historiographic Appraisal." East
European Quarterly 26 (Spring 1992): 109-22.
Perkins, John. "Coins for Conflict: Nickel and the Axis, 1933-1945." Historian 55 (Autumn
1992): 85-100.
Pike, David Wingeate. "Between the Junes: The French Communists from the Collapse
of France to the Invasion of Russia." Journal of Contemporary History 28 (July 1993):
465-85.
Pitt, Barrie. "The Brave Bunglers of Narvik." MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military
History 5 (Spring 1993): 52-61.
Postgate, John. "Glimpses of the Blitz." History Today 43 (June 1993): 21-28.
Prevost, Ann Marie. "Race and War Crimes: The 1945 War Crimes Trial of General
Tomoyuki Yamashita." Human Rights Quarterly 14 (August 1992): 303-38.
Raack, R. C. "Stalin Plans His Post-war Germany." Journal of Contemporary History 28
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Rancourt, Linda M. "Remembering Manzanar." National Parks 67 (May 1993): 30-34.
[Japanese-American internment camp]
Robinson, Charles. "Memory of Crete." Defence Force Journal 88 (May-June 1991): 1114.
Rosenberg, Emily S. "The Origins of the Cold War, a Symposium: The Cold War and the
Discourse of National Security." Diplomatic History 17 (Spring 1993): 277-84.
Rossberg, Horst. "A Prisoner in Scotland." After the Battle 76 (May 1992): 38-53.
Sadkovich, James J. "The halo-Greek War in Context: Italian Priorities and Axis
Diplomacy." Journal of Contemporary History 28 (July 1993): 439-64.
Schmundt-Thomas, Georg. "American G.I.s and the Conquest of the German Fraulein."
Journal of Popular Film and Television 19 (Winter 1992): 187-97.
Shian Li. "Britain's China Policy and the Communists, 1942 to 1946: The Role of
Ambassador Sir Horace Seymour." Modern Asian Studies 26 (February 1992): 49-63.
Silkett, Wayne A. "Alliance and Coalition Warfare." Parameters 23 (Summer 1993): 7485.
Slattery, Thomas J. "Rock Island Arsenal, An Arsenal of Democracy." Army History 24
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57
Sorley, Lewis. "On Knowing When to Disobey Orders: Creighton Abrams and the Relief
of Bastogne." Armor 51 (September-October 1992): 6-9.
Spicer, Rosamond B. "Photographs from the Rio Yaqui, 1940s." Journal of the Southwest
34 (Spring 1992): 107-10.
Spiller, Roger J. "The Price of Valor." MHO: The Quarterly Journal of Military History
5 (Spring 1993): 100-10.
Stanton, W. I. "Could World War II Have Ended in 1944: Was Anvil a Big Mistake?"
Army Quarterly and Defence Journal 122 (July 1992): 347-59.
Steiner, Herbert. "The Role of the Resistance in Austria, with Special Reference to the
Labor Movement." Journal of Modern History 64 Supplement (December 1992): S13833.
Stephanson, Anders. "The Origins of the Cold War, A Symposium:
Neorealist Mirrors." Diplomatic History 17 (Spring 1993): 285-95.
Ideology and
Stevens, Donald. "Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Azores Dilemma, 1941." Historian 54
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Stewart, Doug. "Hail to the Jeep! Could We Have Won Without It?" Smithsonian 23
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Stewart, John. "Death and Life at Three-Pagoda Pass." MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of
Military History 5 (Spring 1993): 92-99.
Stewart, Richard W. "The 'Red Bull' Division: The Training and Initial Engagements of
the 34th Infantry Division, 1941-43." Army History 25 (Winter 1993): 1-10.
Stutson, B. L. "An American Original." Air Progress 54 (January 1992): 26-27. [Robert
L. Scott, Jr.]
Sutker, Patricia B. "Psychopathology and Psychiatric Diagnoses of World War II Pacific
Theater Prisoner of War Survivors and Combat Veterans." American Journal of Psychiatry
150 (February 1993): 240-45.
Tansey, Richard R. "Public Relations, Advocacy Ads, and the CampaIgn Against
Absenteeism During World War II." Business and Professional Ethics Journal 11 (Fall
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Trommler, Frank. "Between Normality and Resistance: Catastrophic Gradualism in Nazi
Germany." Journal of Modern History 64 Supplement (December 1992): S82-101.
Tuleja, Thaddeus V. "Midway." American History Illustrated 27 (July 1992): 24-33.
58
Valle, James E. "United States Merchant Marine Casualties in World War II." American
Neptune 53 (Winter 1993): 20-29.
Van Vliet, Joup. "The Night the Rhine Caught Fire." After the Battle 68 (1990): 20-25.
Watson, Burce. "Jaysho, Moasi, Dibeh, Ayeshi, Hasclishnih, Beshlo, Shush, Gini."
Smithsonian 24 (August 1993): 34-43. [Navajos in WWII]
White, Mark J. "Harry Truman, the Polish Question, and the Significance of FDR's Death
for American Diplomacy." Maryland Historian 23 (Fall-Winter 1992): 29-48.
Witt, Mary Ann Frese. "Fascist Ideology and Theatre Under the Occupation: The Case
of Anouilh." Journal of European Studies 23 (March 1993): 49-69.
Yarrington, Gary. "World War II:
Prologue 25 (Spring 1993): 78-87.
Personal Accounts--Pearl Harbor to V-J Day."
Zamoro, Emilio. "The Failed Promise of Wartime Opportunity for Mexicans in the Texas
Oil Industry." Southwestern Historical Quarterly 95 (January 1992): 323-50.
Zhou Chunnong. "Reunion After 50 Years."
[Doolittle's Raiders and Chinese Rescuers]
Beijing Review 35 (May 1992):
31-37.
Zinsser, William. "The Gallery Revisited." Sewanee Review 100 (Winter 1992): 105-12.