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Look around the room and list several
examples of matter. Also list some examples
that are not matter.
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As a result of what we do in class today, you
will be able to:
◦ Explain the relationship between matter, atoms and
elements
◦ Distinguish between elements and compounds
◦ Describe molecules and explain how they are
formed
◦ Differentiate pure substances and mixtures
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What is chemistry?
Chemistry- The scientific study of the
composition, structure and properties of
matter and the changes it undergoes
It is a way of life!
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What is matter?
Matter- anything that has mass and takes up
space
◦ All matter is made from atoms
◦ 3 main states of matter
 Solid, liquid and gas
◦ Energy, sound and light are not made up of matter
What is an element?
 Element- A substance that cannot be broken
down into simpler substances by chemical
means.
( Carbon, Oxygen, Gold,
Iron, Mercury, Nitrogen, Phosphorus)
 Abbreviated by 1 or 2 letter symbol: First
letter is capitalized!
 Named after? Planets, people, places
 In total, 117 elements have been observed as
of 2014
What is an atom?
 Atom- The smallest unit of an element that
maintains the properties of that element.
(literal meaning: indivisible)
Size: 100 million side by side= 1 cm

(a) 10 most abundant elements in
Earth’s crust
(b) 10 most abundant elements in the
human body
Compound- A substance made of atoms of
two or more elements bound together in
definite proportions.
 When elements combine to form
compounds, they always combine the same
way
◦ Example: iron (III) oxide
 (Rust) always has 2 atoms of iron for every 3 atoms of
oxygen
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Atoms combine to form molecules
◦ Like letters combine to form words
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What is a molecule?
Molecule- the smallest unit of a substance
that keeps all of the physical and chemical
properties of that substance (smallest unit of
a substance that behaves like the substance!)
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When hydrogen and
oxygen atoms combine
to form water they act
as a unit.
Molecules can be made
up of the same
element.
Atoms of some
elements form
molecules.
Examples:
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Chemical formula: The chemical symbols and
numbers indicating atoms contained in basic unit
of a substance.
Indigo has a chemical formula:
C16H10N202
A chemical formulas shows how many atoms of
each element are in basic unit of substance.
Table sugar:
C12H22O11
Calculate the total numbers of atoms present.
1)
C8H10N4O2
2)
C3H8O
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Atoms are the basic building blocks of
matter.
Atoms are composed of particles called
protons, electrons and neutrons.
An element is a substance that is made
entirely from one type of atom
A molecule is formed when two or more
atoms join together chemically.
A compound is a molecule that contains at
least two different elements.
Yesterday at the store, I bought “pure grape
juice”. Is this juice actually pure? explain.
Pure Substance- Any matter that has a fixed
composition and definite properties.
Examples:___________________
 Mixture- a combination of two or more
substances that are not chemically
combined.

◦ Formed from mixing substances
What is water?
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Can you think of any pure substances?
How about mixtures?
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Classified by how thoroughly substances mix
Heterogeneous mixture- substances that do
not mix uniformly, ”differences”
i.e. Flour & water, oil & water
Homogeneous mixture- evenly distributed the
same throughout
 AKA: Solution
i.e. Salt and Water, gasoline
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Miscible: Describes two or more liquids that
are able to dissolve into each other in
various proportions.
2)
Immiscible: Describes two or more liquids
that do not mix into each other.
Examples:______________________
1)
Mixtures
Pure Substances
Element
Compound
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Beef Vegetable Soup
Sugar dissolved in water
Oil and Water
Salt and Pepper
Concrete
Ocean Water
Orange Juice w/pulp
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Atoms can join together to form_________.
Matter has __________ & occupies
__________.
A pure substance that contains two or
more elements is a __________.
A____________ is a substance that can not
be broken down into a simpler substance.
Why is sound not considered matter?