Discovering Elements
of the Periodic Table
Book K
Use a periodic table to help you identify each element.
Give its symbol for the answer.
1. I am a member of the Boron family with 49 protons.
2. I have a total of 74 electrons in an atom.
3. I have an atomic mass of 26.
4. I am a gas with 8 neutrons in an atom.
5. I have 14 protons, 14 neutrons, and 14 electrons in an atom.
6. I have 99 protons and 99 electrons in an atom.
7. Which is bigger- an atom of aluminum or an atom of tin?
8. I have 20 neutrons and am found in your teeth.
The answers are …
1. I am a member of the Boron family with 49 protons.
2. I have a total of 74 electrons in an atom.
3. I have an atomic mass of 26.
In
W
Fe
4. I am a gas with 8 neutrons in an atom.
O
Si
5. I have 14 protons, 14 neutrons, and 14 electrons in an atom.
6. I have 99 protons and 99 electrons in an atom.
Es
7. Which is bigger- an atom of aluminum or an atom of tin? Tin
8. I have 20 neutrons and am found in your teeth.
Ca
Chapter 3: Elements
This section explains the
characteristics of elements and
gives examples of these
characteristics. It also explains
how to identify and classify
elements as metals, nonmetals,
and metalloids based on their
properties.
3 Flap Foldable
3 Flap Foldable
Metals
Nonmetals
Metalloids
Cut and Paste
• Cut out the names of the 13 elements.
• Use your Periodic Table to decide if the
element is a metal, nonmetal or
metalloid.
• Paste the element name in the box as
shown in the diagram.
Copper
Aluminum
Calcium
Sodium
Magnesium
Potassium
Sulfur
Chlorine
Neon
Iodine
Argon
Carbon
Silicon
Challenge #5
Image made with http://www.wordle.net/ T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/
What is it? Rearrange the symbols for the elements
and use the clues provided to figure out the words.
1. A holiday decoration
Hydrogen + Tungsten + Rhenium + Astatine
2. Water vapor
Americium + Sulfur + Tellurium
3. Not first
Cobolt + Neodymium + Selenium
4. Lemons make you do this
Erbium + Uranium + Potassium + Phosphorus + Carbon
The answers are …
1. A holiday decoration
Hydrogen + Tungsten + Rhenium + Astatine
H + W + Re + At
WREATH
2. Water vapor
Americium + Sulfur + Tellurium
Am + S + Te
STEAM
3. Not first
Cobolt + Neodymium + Selenium
Co + Nd + Se
SECOND
Er + U + K + P + C
4. Lemons make you do this
Erbium + Uranium + Potassium + Phosphorus + Carbon
PUCKER
Discovering Metals
Count the white clues: 14
Count the answers cards:
18
RECORD YOUR FINAL
ANSWERS ON THE TOP
OF PAGE 6 OF THE
TITANIC PACKET!!
Match the clues with
the answer cards
#2- 2 answers
#4- 3 answers
#13- 2 answers
Discovering Metals Answers p. 6
1. Lead
2. Sodium, Calcium
3. Aluminum
4. Copper, Silver, Gold
5. Aluminum
6. None
7. Mercury
8. Silver
9. Calcium
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Iron
Iron
Lead
Lead, Mercury
Copper
Metals
3 Flap Foldable
Metals
Nonmetals
Metalloids
3 Flap Foldable
Metals
75% of the Periodic Table
Nonmetals
Metalloids
Copper + silver and gold- coinage
metals (ancient times)
In 1886, the Statue of Liberty represented the largest
use of copper in a single structure. To build the statue,
about 80 tons of copper sheet was cut and hammered to
a thickness of about 2.3 millimeters (3/32 inch), or
about that of two U.S. pennies placed together.
Aluminum- most
common element in
the earth’s crust
Calcium- strong bones, teeth
Sodium + calcium and potassiumnervous system
Magnesium- pyrotechnics, flares
and photographic flashbulbs, food
Potassium- bananas, fertilizers
Left Flap
Iron- red blood cells, transport
oxygen, iron pipes
Heavy metals- lead and mercury
(replace iron in blood)
Mercury- only liquid at room
temperature
Properties of Metals
• Luster- shiny (silver)
• Good conductors of heat and
electricity (copper)
• Malleable- bendable (aluminum)
• Ductile- pulled into a wire (copper)
• Color- (fireworks)
Challenge #3
What is it? Rearrange the symbols for the elements
and use the clues provided to figure out the words.
1. You need this to see!
Sodium + Titanium + Rhenium
2. You or me
Sulfur + Nitrogen + Phosphorous + Oxygen + Erbium
3. Vacation home
Calcium + Indium + Boron
4. Don’t gamble on this one!
Erbium + Polonium + Potassium
The answers are …
1. You need this to see!
Sodium + Titanium + Rhenium
Na + Ti + Re
2. You or me
Sulfur + Nitrogen + Phosphorous + Oxygen + Erbium
3. Vacation home
Calcium + Indium + Boron
4. Don’t gamble on this one!
Erbium + Polonium + Potassium
Ca + In + B
RETINA
S + N + P + O + Er
PERSON
CABIN
Er + Po + K
POKER
Chemistry of Fireworks
Centuries ago, the Chinese discovered
what happens when a compound
containing metal is exposed to an open
flame. The Chinese put this discovery to
use in the fireworks that we have been
enjoying for centuries.
Video Clip: Fireworks! Making Color (2:34)
1. Using metal _______, not metals, allow
fireworks to burn in different colors.
2. What color does each metal salt burn?
Element: Metal Salt
Copper
Strontium
Barium
Lithium
Sodium
Calcium
Potassium
Result
Video Clip: Fireworks! Making Color (2:34)
1. Using metal salts not metals, allow
fireworks to burn in different colors.
2. What color does each metal salt burn?
Element: Metal Salt
Copper
Strontium
Barium
Lithium
Sodium
Calcium
Potassium
Result
The
Chemistry
of Fireworks
Copper
Strontium
Barium
Lithium
Sodium
Calcium
Potassium
What color does each metal salt burn?
Element: Metal Salt
Copper
Result
blue green
Strontium
red
Barium
yellow green
Lithium
crimson
Sodium
orange yellow
Calcium
red orange
Potassium
purple
Video Clip: Fireworks! Lifting Charge (2:34)
3. The gunpowder recipe is ____ %
potassium nitrate, _____% charcoal
and _____% sulfur.
4. Today, black powder is compressed
into marble sized balls, called ______.
5. Stars are loaded into _______________
to create fireworks displays.
6. Types of fireworks patterns are shown
in the figure to the right. Circle the
ones that you observe in the video
clip.
Video Clip: Fireworks! Lifting Charge (2:34)
3. The gunpowder recipe is 75%
potassium nitrate, 14% charcoal and
10% sulfur.
4. Today, black powder is compressed
into marble sized balls, called stars.
5. Stars are loaded into shells to create
fireworks displays.
6. Types of fireworks patterns are shown
in the figure to the right. Circle the
ones that you observe in the video
clip.
The amount of energy released by heating and
other energy sources varies from element to
element, is characterized by a particular
wavelength of light. Higher energies correspond
to shorter wavelength light, whose characteristic
colors are located in the violet/blue region of
the visible spectrum. Lower energies
correspond to longer wavelength light, at the
orange/red end of the spectrum.
Analyze and Conclude:
1. What did you observe when each solution
was heated in the flame?
2. What particles are found in the chemicals
that may be responsible for the production
of colored light?
3. Why do different chemicals emit different
colors of light?
4. Why do you think the chemicals have to be
heated in the flame first before the colored
light is emitted?
5. Colorful light emissions are applicable to
everyday life. Where else have you
observed colorful light emissions?
What is it? Rearrange the symbols for the elements
and use the clues provided to figure out the words.
1. A holiday decoration
Hydrogen + Tungsten + Rhenium + Astatine
2. Water vapor
Americium + Sulfur + Tellurium
3. Not first
Cobolt + Neodymium + Selenium
4. Lemons make you do this
Erbium + Uranium + Potassium + Phosphorus + Carbon
The answers are …
1. A holiday decoration
Hydrogen + Tungsten + Rhenium + Astatine
H + W + Re + At
WREATH
2. Water vapor
Americium + Sulfur + Tellurium
Am + S + Te
STEAM
3. Not first
Cobolt + Neodymium + Selenium
Co + Nd + Se
SECOND
Er + U + K + P + C
4. Lemons make you do this
Erbium + Uranium + Potassium + Phosphorus + Carbon
PUCKER
Answers p. 3-5
1.
Elements can not be separated into simpler
substances
2.
Meteorite
3.
Hardness, melting point, density, boiling
point, solubility
4.
Cobalt and nickel can be used where a
strong metal is needed. Ex: structures,
tools or vehicles
5.
properties are too similar to be used to tell
them apart
6.
small size, short, curly hair, face shape
7.
metals, nonmetals and metalloids
Nonmetals
3 Flap Foldable
Metals
75% of the Periodic Table
Nonmetals
Metalloids
3 Flap Foldable
Metals
75% of the Periodic Table
Nonmetals
Mostly Gases
Metalloids
Chlorine- greenish/yellow poisonous
gas
Carbon- 18% of our bodies, found in
all living things, coal and petroleum
Sulfur
Iodine
Neon
Argon
Left Flap
Oxygen
 65% of the human body
 Most common nonmetal
Left Flap
Hydrogen
 99% of the universe
 Explodes when lit
Fuels the stars
Hindenburg
Hindenburg
• Lakehurst, New Jersey
on May 6, 1937
• 35 people killed on the
airship- miraculously
62 of the 97 passengers
and crew survived
• 80 years of research
and scientific tests:
Disaster was caused by
an electrostatic
discharge, a spark, that
ignited
leaking hydrogen.
Left Flap
Fluorine- added to toothpaste to
prevent tooth decay, our state mineral
Nitrogen
Properties of Nonmetals
• Dull
• Poor conductors of heat and
electricity
• Brittle
• Not Ductile
Metalloids
3 Flap Foldable
Metals
75% of the Periodic Table
Nonmetals
Mostly Gases
Metalloids
3 Flap Foldable
Metals
75% of the Periodic Table
Nonmetals
Mostly Gases
Metalloids
All show luster!
Silicon
Sand when combined with oxygen
Heated and cooled to become glass
¼ of Earth’s crust
Silicon
Semiconductor in video games,
calculators, watches
Left Flap
Boron
• Comes from beds of
evaporated lake
• Used in cleaning agents
“Borox”
• Antiseptics/rocket fuels
Properties of Metalloids
• Properties of both metals and
nonmetals
118 Elements
Periodic Table in 10 minutes!