Name:
8.1 Road to Revolution
Capitalism
Mercantilism
Joint-Stock Company
Charter Colony
Proprietary Colony
Columbian Exchange
John Locke
Magna Carta
English Bill of Rights
Mayflower Compact
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
New England Colonies
Middle Colonies
Southern Colonies
Triangular Trade
Great Awakening
French and Indian War
Proclamation of 1763
Taxation without Representation
Boston Massacre
Boston Tea Party
Coercive Acts
Battles of Lexington and Concord
Thomas Paine
Patrick Henry
Declaration of Independence
Part One
Part Two
Part Three
Part Four
Civic Republicanism
Classical Liberalism
English Parliamentary Traditions
Across
8. The American Congress was created with two houses similar to England’s Parliament: House of Commons = House of Representatives;
House of Lords = Senate.
9. A colony established by a group of settlers who had been given a formal document (charter) allowing them to settle. Colonies, such as
Massachusetts, had a charter, or grant of rights and privileges, granted by the English monarch to stockholders.
11. The idea of representative democracy, where the people elect representatives to look after their interests.
12. The Preamble, or introduction, explaining why the Continental Congress wrote the Declaration.
13. The idea of people ruling themselves, and that people should put the good of the country above their own interests.
15. Charter colonies: Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire formed by colonists seeking religious freedom. The
fishing industry and trade evolved as the main economic force.
18. As Europe traded across the Atlantic, a global exchange of people, goods, technology, ideas, and diseases began. Europe took the following
goods to America: grains (wheat, rice, barley, oats), grapes, coffee, citrus, bananas, bees, cattle, horses. Merchants brought the following goods back
to Europe: potatoes, pumpkins, beans, chocolate, corn, peanuts, tobacco, tomatoes, vanilla, turkeys. Diseases were transmitted that caused much
death, especially for Native Americans: mumps, measles, small pox, chicken pox, flu.
19. The Resolution of Independence declares that the colonies are “Free and Independent States.”
20. The List of Grievances numerates the repeated injuries and unjust treatment committed by the king against the colonies, equating British
rule to tyranny.
21. Royal colonies: Virginia, Maryland, Carolinas, and Georgia, formed for various reasons, such as farming of cotton, rice and indigo; Catholic
freedom of worship; proprietary estates; and a place for debtors to defend the other colonies from the Spanish in the south.
22. This was the first written contract to limit royal power and protect nobles from the unjust loss of life, liberty, and property. It greatly
influenced the colonists when establishing their own forms of self-government, such as the Mayflower Compact and the Fundamental Orders of
Connecticut.
23. Three leg trade route, starting in the West Indies (Caribbean Islands) where molasses and sugar were purchased and taken to the American
colonies. In the colonies, rum was produced along with other goods and taken to Europe and West Africa. The goods were sold or traded for
slaves from West Africa that were taken and sold to farmers in the West Indies and the Colonies.
24. Searching for resistance leaders Sam Adams and John Hancock, British troops patrolling the Massachusetts countryside entered into a fire
fight with minutemen, killing eight. This, along with the follow up battle at Concord, ignited the Revolutionary War.
25. Written by Thomas Jefferson and signed by the members of the second continental congress, this was written in response to King George’s
refusal of the terms in the Olive Branch Petition.
26. A company in which wealthy European investors buy stock in the company in return for a share of its profits. Investing in the New
England colonies was risky because many of the first colonies failed; it took multiple investors.
27. After winning nearly all of France’s North American empire, Britain issued a proclamation preventing colonists from moving into the newly
gained territory. One reason was to prevent conflict with Natives; the other reason was to keep the population near the coasts, where there were
important markets and investments. This angered colonists who fought in the war and were promised land.
28. To pay back its war debt from the French Indian War, the British Parliament began to levy taxes on the colonists without any representation in
the tax law process. This led to refusal to pay and revolt against tax collectors. Examples: Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Declaratory Act, Townshend Acts,
Tea Act, Coercive Acts (“Intolerable Acts”).
29. Published a pamphlet called Common Sense, stating that it made perfect sense to separate from Britain given that it was not just a
squabble over taxation, but a struggle for freedom. His writings convinced many colonists to fight for independence.
30. Proprietary colonies: New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware came under English rule from the Dutch and given to wealthy
relations to King Charles II: The Duke of York, and William Penn, known for the farming of grains (wheat, barley, & oats).
31. A formal document, signed by the Pilgrims, which set up a civil government...self government. The signers promised to obey all laws passed
“for the general good of the colony.”
32. An angry crowd of colonists, outside a pub in Boston, insulted and assaulted British soldiers, who fired on the crowd, killing 5 people.
Journalists began to call it a massacre to heat up the tension between the colonies and Britain.
Down
1. A form of capitalism, where merchants acquire goods (raw materials, or fabricated products) and sell them for a profit $. Sir Francis Drake
begins the English navigation of the world for the acquisition of world resources and wealth, also known as capital.
2. A form of economic order characterized by private ownership of resources and the freedom to use, buy and sell their property or services
in an open market. As monarchies fade and a rich European upper class forms, this economic system becomes dominant in the conquest for world
resources.
3. Laws passed by the British Parliament to punish the tea partiers. The laws closed down the harbor, instated curfews, and allowed troops to
be quartered in private residences.
4. An English doctor and philosopher, whose ideas of natural laws and government influenced Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and James
Madison. He famously said, “People are born with natural rights of life, liberty, and property.” His two main ideas: 1. Government should be
based on….the consent of the people, in other words, the people govern themselves. 2. The purpose of government should be to…protect natural
rights and the people’s consent to govern.
5. The Declaration of Natural Rights, defines the natural rights of humans, consent of the people, and a government’s duty to protect those rights.
6. An addition to the Magna Carta and the formation of Parliament, protecting citizens from undue treatment. Such as: Monarch could not tax
people without…Parliament’s consent; People had the right to…a fair and speedy trial by a jury of their peers; People could petition the
king…without fear of being punished.
7. Colonies, such as Pennsylvania (given to William Penn), that were owned by an individual proprietor or by a small group of proprietors.
Over time though, English monarchs began to change colonies into royal colonies, putting them under direct English control with a governor and a
council (House of Lords) and an assembly (House of Commons).
10. This English colonial battle against France and their Native allies over control of the land east of the Mississippi river united the colonies
against a common enemy. After the British won the war, the colonies united in defiance of the way Britain began to rule and tax the colonies.
12. Outspoken proponent from Virginia for independence, he gave the famous speech, which included the phrase, “Give me liberty or give me
death!”
14. In this protest to the Tea Act, colonists dressed up as Natives and disposed of the British East India Company tea shipments by throwing
them into the harbor.
16. A religious revitalization movement in the northern colonies to combat the sins of alcohol and other vices that were seen to be increasing due to
city life. Many people gained a sense of independence when faced with choosing their religious preferences. This custom of independent thought,
instigated by the religious movement, led colonists to believe in their independence from monarchy in the American Revolution.
17. Considered the first written constitution, or formal plan of government, in the Americas. It described the organization of Connecticut’s
representative government in detail.