Question Bank in Science Class-IX (Term-II)
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DIVERSITY IN LIVING ORGANISMS
CONCEPTS
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1. There are more than a million kinds of living things exhibiting an infinite variety in form,
structure and living places.
2. Classification puts things in order.
3. The use of important distinguishing features forms the basis of classification.
4. The process of grouping similar things into groups and categories on the basis of similarities
and dissimilarities is called classification.
5. The system of classification was devised by Carolus Linnaeus.
6. The naming of organisms is called nomenclature.
7. The science of classification is called taxonomy.
8. Carolus Linnaeus is called the father of taxonomy.
9. Species is a group of organisms capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring.
10. Genus is a group of similar and closely related species.
11. Binomial name has two parts — genus and species.
12. The names given to living organisms following the binomial system are called scientific
names.
13. The genus name begins with a capital letter, the species name begins with a small letter.
14. R.H. Whittaker was the first one to propose a five-kingdom classification in 1969.
15. Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia are included in five–kingdom
classification.
16. Kingdom Plantae is divided into two subkingdoms — Cryptogamae and Phanerogamae.
17. The simplest plants belong to the division Thallophyta.
18. Lichen is a symbiotic association of algae and fungi.
19. Plants belonging to bryophyta are called amphibians of the plant kingdom.
20. Bacteria are often called “fission plants” as they multiply by binary fission.
21. Biologists have identified, named, classified and described more than a million types of
animals inhabiting the earth.
22. Animals differ in their structure ranging from single celled to multicellular animal.
23. All animals are eukaryotic organisms.
24. Most animals have a high level of tissue differentiation.
25. Animal nutrition is heterotrophic.
26. Animal cells lack cell wall.
27. Animals possess the power of locomotion.
28. Two main criteria, used to classify animals are —
(i) presence or absence of vertebral column.
(ii) cellular organisation.
29. The first group of animals is invertebrates — animals without backbone.
30. The second group of animals is vertebrates — animals having backbone or vertebral
column.
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31. Based on the cellular organisation, animals can be divided into — protozoa and metazoa.
32. Protozoa represent the one-celled animals/unicellular animals, e.g., Amoeba, Paramecium,
Euglena, Trypanosoma.
33. Metazoa represents the many-celled animals/multicellular animals, e.g., Hydra, earthworm,
corals, flatworms, insects, frogs, etc.
34. The phyla, in order of their increasing complexity beginning from the simple single-celled
forms to complex form are like these — protozoa, porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes,
nematoda, annelida, arthropoda, mollusca, echinodermata, hemichordata and chordata.
35. Symmetrical body shape means the parts of an animal body are arranged in such a way that
it can be cut into two similar halves by one or more planes.
36. Germ layers are the primary layers of cells which differentiate in the animal embryo.
37. Phylum protozoa includes minute, microscopic, eukaryotic organisms, e.g., Amoeba,
Euglena, Trypanosoma.
38. Phylum porifera includes mostly sessile or stationary sea animals, having porous body e.g.
Sycon, Leucosolenia, etc.
39. Phylum coelenterata includes radially symmetrical, multicellular, aquatic animals, e.g.,
Hydra, Obelia, etc.
40. Phylum platyhelminthes includes bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, mostly parasitic
animals. e.g., liver fluke, blood fluke, tapeworm.
41. Phylum nematoda includes mostly parasitic animals having narrow, elongated, cylindrical
unsegmented body. e.g. roundworm, pinworm, filarial worm, etc.
42. Phylum annelida includes free living coelomic animals having metameric segmentation, e.g.,
earthworm, sea-mouse, etc.
43. Phylum arthropoda are the largest group of animals and its main feature is jointed legs and
body is divided into three regions— head, thorax and abdomen. e.g., prawn, crab, housefly,
mosquito, etc.
44. Phylum mollusca includes mainly aquatic animals having soft, unsegmented body. e.g., snail,
mussel, cuttlefish.
45. Phylum echinodermata includes star-shaped, spherical or elongated exclusively marine
animals, e.g., starfish, brittle star, sea cucumber, etc.
46. Phylum hemichordata posses characters of both vertebrates and invertebrates, e.g., tongue
worm, Rhabdopleura.
47. Phylum chordata – the animals with vertebral column like horse, man etc.
I. SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
NCERT QUESTIONS WITH THEIR ANSWERS
SECTION A : IN-TEXT QUESTIONS
Page 80
Q.1. Why do we classify organisms?
Ans. There are more than a million kinds of living things exhibiting an infinite variety in form,
structure and living places. It is not possible to know everything about all the organisms. We
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can study just a few representatives and get the idea about that group. Classification makes
the study of such a wide variety of organisms easy. It is also important to understand the
interrelationship among different groups of organisms. Classification serves as a basis for the
development of other biological sciences as well.
Q.2. Give three examples of the range of variations that you see in life-forms around you.
Ans. The range of variation in life forms is vast. Most common of these are size (living form ranges
from microscopic bacteria to giant blue whale), colour (living beings range from colourless or
even transparent worms to brightly coloured birds and flowers), and lifespan (like insects
which live for only few days while pine trees live for thousand of years).
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Page 82
Q.1. Which do you think is a more basic characteristic for classifying organisms?
(a) the place where they live
(b) the kind of cells they are made of. Why?
Ans. (b) The kind of cells they are made should be the basic characteristic for classifying organisms. Classification should be based on fundamental characteristic and cell is the fundamental unit of all living forms.
An eukaryotic cell has membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus, which allow
cellular processes to be carried out efficiently in isolation from each other. Therefore,
organisms which do not have a clearly demarcated nucleus and other organelles would
need to have their biochemical pathways organised in very different ways. This would
have an effect on every aspect of cell design. Further, nucleated cells would have the
capacity to participate in making a multicellular organism because they can take up
specialised function. Therefore, this is a basic characteristic of classification.
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Q.2. What is the primary characteristic on which the first division of organisms is made?
Ans. The primary characteristics on which the first division of organisms is made, is whether the
cells occur singly or they are grouped together. Cells that group together to form a single
organism use the principle of division of labour. In such a body design, all cells would not
be identical. Instead, groups of cells will carry out specialised functions. This makes a very
basic distinction in the body designs of organisms.
Q.3. On what bases are plants and animals put into different categories?
Ans. Plants and animals are put into different categories on the basis of whether they can produce
their own food or not. Being able to produce one’s own food versus having to get food from
outside would make very different body designs necessary. In this way, plants and animals
have been categorised into different groups.
Page 83
Q.1. Which organisms are called primitive and how are they different from so called advanced
organisms?
Ans. Organisms which possess simple body organisation are called primitive organism.
They differ from so called advanced organisms as all the activities of life are performed by
a single cell. i.e. they do not possess different organs or organ systems for performing various
functions as found in advanced organisms.
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Q.2. Will advanced organisms be the same as complex organisms? Why?
Ans. Yes. As there is a possibility that complexity in design of an organism will increase over
evolutionary time, it can be said that the younger organisms or advanced organisms are more
complex in comparison to older one.
Page 85
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Q.1. What is the criterion for classification of organisms as belonging to kingdom Monera or
Protista?
Ans. The organisms belonging to kingdom Monera are classified on the basis of following criteria :
z These organisms do not have a defined nucleus or organelles, nor do any of them show
multicellular body designs.
z Some of them have cell wall, some not.
z Mode of nutrition may be autotrophic or heterotrophic.
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The organisms belonging to kingdom Protista are classified on the basis of following criteria:
z The organisms are unicellular, eukaryotic organisms i.e. well defined nucleus and other
cell organelles are present.
z Some of these organisms have hair like cilia or whip-like flagella for movement.
z Mode of nutrition may be autotrophic or heterotrophic.
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Q.2. In which kingdom will you place an organism which is single celled, eukaryotic and photosynthetic?
Ans. The organism, which is single celled, eukaryotic and photosynthetic belongs to the kingdom
protista.
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Q.3. In the hierarchy of classification, which grouping will have the smallest number of organisms
with a maximum of characteristics in common and which will have the largest number of
organisms?
Ans. In the hierarchy of classification, the category “species” has the smallest number of organisms
with a maximum of characteristics in common.
On the other side, the category “kingdom” has the largest number of organisms as it is at the
top level of the hierarchy.
Page 88
Q.1. Which division among plants has the simplest organisms?
Ans. The plants belonging to the division thallophyta do not have well-differentiated body
organisation.
Q.2. How are pteridophytes different from phanerogams?
Ans. Pteridophytes and phanerogams differ mainly in their reproductive organs.
The reproductive organs of pteridophytes are not very well developed, and they are therefore
called cryptogams or those with hidden reproductive organs.
On the other hand, plants with well differentiated reproductive organs that ultimately make
seeds are called phanerogams.
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Q.3. How do gymnosperms and angiosperms differ from each other?
Ans.
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
(a) Seed bearing plants, i.e. seeds are
enclosed inside the fruit formed.
(b) Occupy an intermediate position between
the pteridophytes and the angiosperms.
(b) Dominant group of land plants and
most common flowering plants.
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(a) Naked seeded plants- seeds are not
enclosed within the fruit.
Page 94
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Q.1. How do poriferan animals differ from coelenterate animals?
Ans. Poriferan animals differ from coelenterate animals in the following ways :
Poriferan animals
Coelenterate animals
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(b) They have cellular level of body
organisation.
(a) Coelenterata means hollow gut - the
body cavity with a single opening to
the outside coelenteron.
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(a) Poriferans are ‘pore-bearing’ animals,
i.e., the body has many pores all over.
(c) Characteristic canal system is present.
(b) They have tissue level of body
organisation with a distinct division
of labour.
(c) Gastrovascular cavity or coelenteron
is the main feature.
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Q.2. How do annelids differ from arthropods?
Ans. Annelids differ from arthropods in the following ways :
Annelids
Arthropods
(a) The body is composed of rings or
segment-showing metameric segmentation.
(a) Metameric segmentation is absent.
(b) Body is soft, no hard skeleton.
(b) Body is covered with hard
exoskeleton made up of chitin.
(c) True body cavity is present.
(c) Body cavity is filled with blood,
known as haemocoel.
(d) Blood vascular system is of closed type.
(d) Blood vascular system is of opentype.
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Q.3. What are the differences between amphibians and reptiles?
Ans. The differences between amphibians and reptiles are as follows :
Amphibians
Reptiles
(a) Truly terrestrial animals.
(b) Skin is smooth or rough but without scale.
(b) Skin is with scales.
(c) Head and trunk distinct.
(c) Body is distinctly divisible into
head, neck and trunk.
(d) Heart is three chambered.
(d) Heart is incompletely four-chambered.
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(a) Amphibious in nature, i.e. found in
water and on land both.
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Q.4. What are the differences between animals belonging to the aves group and those in the
mammalia group?
Ans. Differences between animals belonging to the aves group and those in the mammalia group
are as follows :
Mammalia
(a) Skin is covered with hair.
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(a) Feathered animals-body is covered
with feathery exoskeleton.
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Aves
(b) The body is divided into head
thorax and abdomen.
(c) Endoskeleton is light, bones have air
cavities.
(c) Exoskeleton is strong, bones have no
air cavities.
(d) Respiration occurs through large sacs.
(d) Respiration occurs through minute
air-sacs.
(e) They are oviparous i.e., egg laying.
(e) They are viviparous i.e., give birth to
young ones.
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(b) The body is divisible into head, neck,
trunk and tail.
SECTION B : QUESTIONS AT THE END OF CHAPTER
Q.1. How would you choose between two characteristics to be used for developing a hierarchy in
classification?
Ans. The characteristics to be used for developing a hierarchy in classification may be the cell
structure, mode and source of nutrition and body organisation of the organisms.
Q.2. Explain the basis for grouping organisms into five kingdoms.
Ans. The basis for grouping organisms into five kingdoms are their cell structure, mode and source
of nutrition and body organisation.
Q.3. What are the major divisions in the plantae? What is the basis for these division?
Ans. Major divisions in the plantae and the basis on which they have been classified can be shown
by the following flow chart :
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Q.4. What are the advantages of classifying organisms?
Ans. Classification is the basic method which humans employ to organise the living world. It has
the following advantages :
1. Classification makes the study of the wide variety of organisms existing in the living
world convenient, easy and time-saving.
2. Classification projects before us a picture of all life forms at a glance.
3. Classification tells us about the interrelationships between different groups of organisms,
and in turn provides us information about their evolution.
4. It allows easy means of communication of information to other people.
5. Classification is an information storage system and the biologists need it for the specific
organism they work with.
6. Classification serves as a base for all other disciplines of biology.
7. Various fields of applied biology such as agriculture, environmental biology and public
health depend on the correct identification and classification of disease-causing organisms
and insect pests.
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Q.5. How are the criteria for deciding divisions in plants different from the criteria for deciding the
subgroups among animals?
Ans. The characteristics of body organisation used for classification of plants will be very different
from those important for classifying animals. In case of plants (i.e. make their own food),
division is made further according to the level of organisation.
In case of animals, subgroups are formed on the basis of how the body of the individual
develops, and organises in different parts, what are the specialised organs found for different
parts, what are the specialised organs found for different functions, etc.
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Q.6. Explain how animals in vertebrata are classified into further subgroups.
Ans. Vertebrata is classified into five subgroups. These are
1. Pisces
2. Amphibia
3. Reptilia
4. Aves
5. Mammalia
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Class Pisces
This class includes all fishes.
Characters
1. These are exclusively adapted to aquatic life.
2. The body is covered with scales.
3. Body is streamlined.
4. Fins are present but limbs are absent.
5. Respiration takes place through gills.
Class Amphibia (Gr. amphi = both, bios = life, the vertebrates leading two
lives / dual life)
The amphibians are the first land vertebrates, but they are partly terrestrial and partly aquatic.
Characters
1. Head and trunk distinct; neck and tail may or may not be present.
2. Limbs tetrapodus (four-limbed), pentadactyl type (five-fingered).
Class Reptilia (L. rapture = to creep; creeping vertebrates)
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These are first truly terrestrial animals living in warmer regions.
Characters
1. Cold-blooded animals.
2. Body is divisible into head, neck and trunk. Tail is well developed in some, while it is
reduced in others.
Class Aves (L. aves = bird)
The birds are described as ‘feathered reptiles’ that have developed the power of flight.
Characters
1. Warm blooded animals. Body is covered with a feathery exoskeleton.
2. The body is divisible into head, neck, trunk and tail.
Class Mammalia (L. mamma = breast; the mammals)
Mammals are the most evolved group of organisms and are found in diverse habitats ranging
from deserts, polar ice caps, oceans, mountains, forests and grasslands.
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They are named mammals as all of them possess mammary glands (milk-producing glands).
Mammals are the only animals which feed their young ones with milk.
Characters
1. Warm-blooded animals.
2. Skin is covered with hair. Hairs are provided with sweat glands.
3. The body cavity is unequally divided into two parts by a muscular partition called
diaphragm.
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ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
(As Per CCE Pattern)
A. Very Short Answer Questions
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Previous Years' Questions
A flowering plant whose embryo possesses single cotyledon (Give scientific term).
A unicellular, eukaryotic aquatic organism (Name the kingdom)
[2011 (T-II)]
Monocotyledonous plants (seeds with one cotyledon)
kingdom Protista
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Q.1. (a)
(b)
Ans. (a)
(b)
(1 Mark)
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Other Important Questions
Q.1. Meena and Hari observed an animal in their garden. Hari called it an insect while Meena said
it was an earthworm. Name the character which confirms that it is an insect.
Ans. Insect has three or more pairs of jointed legs.
Q.2. Name the scientist who proposed five kingdom classification.
Ans. Robert H. Whittaker
Q.3. What is the mode of nutrition in fungi?
Ans. Saprophytic
Q.4. What are the divisions of living organisms?
Ans. Living organisms are mainly classified into two divisions
(i) Animalia
(ii) Plantae
Q.5. What is the basis of classification of plants?
Ans. Plants are divided on the basis of seed bearing or non-seed bearing character.
Q.6. What is Systema Naturae?
Ans. Systema Naturae is a book written by Linnaeus which includes a number of species of animals
and plants.
Q.7. What is the scientific name of human?
Ans. Homo sapiens sapiens
Q.8. What is cryptogamae?
Ans. Cryptogamae is a division of plantae which includes plants that are nonflowering and non-seed
bearing.
Q.9. What are the divisions of cryptogamae?
Ans. Divisions of Cryptogamae are :
(i) Thallophyta (ii) Bryophyta, and (iii) Pteridophyta
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Q.19.
Ans.
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Q.15.
Ans.
Q.16.
Ans.
Q.17.
Ans.
Q.18.
Ans.
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Q.14.
Ans.
What are the examples of thallophyta?
Examples of thallophyta are algae and fungi.
What are the parts of scientific name?
Scientific name has two parts. One is generic name and another is specific name.
Write the scientific names of pea and peacock?
Pea - Pisum sativum
Peacock - Pavo cristatus
What are amphibians of the plant kingdom?
Bryophytes are the amphibians of plant kingdom.
What is the basis of classification of animals?
The basis of classification of animals is single cell, i.e., unicellular or protozoa and many cell,
i.e; multicellular or metazoa.
What are invertebrates?
Invertebrates are animals without backbone.
Which animal shows bilateral symmetry?
Flat worms shows bilateral symmetry.
What type of body symmetry is shown by Hydra?
Body of Hydra is radially symmetrical.
What is pseudocoel?
Roundworms have pseudocoel. Pseudocoel is a cavity between the gut and the outer body
wall. In pseudocoel body cavity is not lined by peritoneum.
In which phyla, true body cavities are present?
Annelida
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Q.10.
Ans.
Q.11.
Ans.
Q.12.
Ans.
B. Short Answer Questions - I
Q.1.
Previous Years' Questions
Which organisms are called primitive? How are they different from the advanced organisms?
[2011 (T-II)]
Organisms which possess simple body organisation are called primitive organism.
They differ from so called advanced organisms as all the activities of life are performed by
a single cell i.e. they do not possess different organs or organ systems for performing various
functions as found in advanced organisms.
What are the four main characteristics of chordates?
[2011 (T-II)]
Four main characteristics of chordates are
1. Presence of a tubular, dorsal, hollow nerve cord.
2. Presence of a solid, rod-like structure called the notochord at some stage of life.
3. Triploblastic and coelomate.
4. Presence of a post anal tail (tail behind the anal opening); the tail is reduced or absent
in many adult chordates.
(a) Give one characteristic difference between primitive and advanced organisms.
(b) Name the phylum to which the following are included.
[2011 (T-II)]
(i) Spider
(ii) Cockroach
(iii) Prawn
(iv) Housefly
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Ans.
(2 Marks)
Q.2.
Ans.
Q.3.
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Ans. (a) The activities of life are performed by a single cell in primitive organisms while there are
different organs for performing various functions in advanced organisms.
(b) (i) Spider – Arachnida
(ii) Cockroach – Dictyoptera
(iii) Prawn – Arthropoda
(iv) Housefly – Arthropoda
Q.4. (i) Write one main characteristic feature that differentiates gymnosperms from angiosperms.
(ii) Give one example of each of a gymnosperm and an angiosperm.
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans.
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
(i) Seed bearing plants, i.e. seeds are
enclosed inside the fruit formed.
(ii) Example of angiosperm is mustard.
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(i) Naked seeded plants – seeds are not
enclosed within the fruit.
(ii) Example of Gymnosperm is Cycas.
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Q.5. (i) Identify the class of animals having the following characteristic features.
(a) The warm blooded animals that lay eggs and have four chambered heart and a covering
of feathers.
(b) The cold blooded animals having scales and they breathe through lungs.
(ii) Give one example of an animal belonging to each of these classes.
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. (i) (a) Aves
(b) Reptilia
(ii) (b) Aves
Example – Duck
Reptilia
Example – Lizard
Q.6. In the hierarchy of classification, which grouping will have the smallest number of organisms
with maximum characteristics in common and which will have the largest number of
organisms?
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. In the hierarchy of classification, the category ‘‘species’’ has the smallest number of organisms
with a maximum of characteristics in common. On the other side, the category ‘‘kingdom’’
has the largest number of organisms as it is at the top level of the hierarchy.
Q.7 Characteristics of some organisms are given. Identify their group and give one example of
each.
[2011 (T-II)]
(a) Single celled, eukaryotic and photosynthetic
(b) The body is divided into segments, may be unisexual or hermaphrodite.
Ans. (a) Group – Protista
Example – Algae
(b) Group – Annelida
Example – Earthworm
Q.8. (a) List two features which differentiate chordates from non-chordates.
(b) In which phylum will you place the organisms which have
(i) calcareous spines on their body?
(ii) the presence of holes or pores all over the body?
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. (a)
Chordates
Non-chordates
1. They have backbone.
2. Notochord present at some stage
of development.
(b) (i) Phylum – Echinodermata
1. They do not have backbone.
2. Notochord is absent.
(ii) Phylum – Porifera
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Q.9. How do the saprophytes get their food? Give two examples of a saprophyte. [2011 (T-II)]
Ans. Saprophytes get their food from the dead remains of plants and animals.
Examples of Saprophytes are Mucor, Rhizopus
Q.10. List the major divisions in kingdom plantae. Write the characteristic features of any one of
them.
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. For Flow-chart See Q.3 Page-75
Characteristic features of gymnosperms is that seeds are naked.
Q.11. Explain Binomial Nomenclature? Name the scientist who has given it. Write its advantage ?
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. Binomial Nomenclature – It is the scientific nomenclature to name the living organisms.
Linnaeus introduced Binomial Nomenclature.
Advantage – In this system it was a simple scheme for arranging plants so as to be able to
identify them again.
Q.12. List the conventions used for writing a scientific name. What is the importance of scientific
names?
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. It is a convention that genus name (generic name) is always written first with its initial letter
in capital. Species name (specific name) is written after the genus name and its initial letter
is always small. Both names of an individual are printed in italics. When handwritten both are
underlined, e.g., Rana tigrina (frog).
Importance – The scientific names are unique, understood and followed all over the world.
They are not changed easily.
Q.13. (a) How many chambers do the heart of fish, amphibians and mammals have?
(b) Name the classes of vertebrates which lay eggs with shells.
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. (a) Fish have two – chambered heart, Amphibians have three chambered and mammals have
four – chambered heart.
(b) (i) Reptilia
(ii) Aves
Q.14. Why bryophytes are called the amphibians of the plant kingdom?
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. Bryophytes are called the amphibians of the plant kingdom because they are the first plants
to live on land and in water.
Q.15. Some reptiles live in water and yet lay eggs with tough covering unlike the amphibians. Why?
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. Because they are partly terrestrial and partly aquatic.
Q.16. How are fungi (i) similar and (ii) dissimilar to plants?
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. (i) Fungi are similar to plants because both have a cellulose cell wall.
(ii) Fungi are disimilar to plants because plants are autotrophs and use chlorophyll (present
in chloroplasts) for photosynthesis. Whereas fungi are simply non-green plants which are
not photosynthetic.
Q.17. How do thallophytes and pteridophytes differ from each other? Write two differences.
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans.
Thallophytes
Pteridophytes
1. No embryo is formed after fertilization.
1. Embryo is formed after fertilization.
2. Vascular tissues. (xylem and phloem are absent. 2. Vascular tissues are present.
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Q.18. (a) List any three important features of vertebrates.
(b) Name one reptile.
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. (a) Three important features of vertebrates are.
1. Presence of a tubular, dorsal, hollow nerve cord.
2. Presence of a solid, rod like structure called the notochord at some stage of life.
3. Triploblastic and coelomate.
(b) Lizard
Q.19. Write two peculiar characters of sponges?
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. Characters of Sponges
1. They live mostly in the sea (marine) but a few occur in freshwater.
2. They are sessile or stationary with plant-like appearance.
Q.20. Why are bats not placed in birds (Two Points)?
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. 1. Bats are not placed in birds because bats possess mammary glands (milk producing
glands).
2. Secondly cutaneous glands are absent in birds but present in bats.
Q.21. (a) What are saprophytes?
[2011 (T-II)]
(b) Name the kingdom to which they belong.
(c) What is the cell wall of fungi made up of ?
Ans. (a) Saprophytes are the organisms which feeds on dead organism and organic matter.
(b) Saprophytes belong to the kingdom Fungi
(c) Cell wall of fungi is made up of chitin and cellulose.
Q.22. (a) Identify the class of following organism having following features :
(i) Slimy skin and three chambered heart.
(ii) Covering of feather and four chambered heart.
(b) List two important characteristics of phylum Nematoda.
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. (a) (i) Class – Amphibia
(ii) Class – Aves
(b) Two important characteristics of phylum Nematoda are
1. They are either parasitic (in plants and animals) or free-living (aquatic-freshwater or
sea water, or terrestrial), most are free-living
2. They have narrow, elongated and cylindrical bodies.
Q.23. What is notochord? Mention its function.
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. Notochord is a long rod-like structure that separates the nervous tissue from the gut and runs
along the back of the animal.
Q.24. Write the main features of Fungus plants.
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. Main features of Fungus plants are –
Fungi are non-green (lacking chlorophyll) eukaryotic organisms. Fungi are made up of slender
tubes called hyphae (singular hypha). The mass of hyphae which form an individual is called
the mycelium (plural mycelia). Fungi are heterotrophic in nutrition, and the food is obtained
either saprophytically (from dead organic matter) or parasitically (from living tissues of
other organisms). Most fungi are saprophytes.
Cell wall consists of a tough complex sugar called chitin.
Reserve food material consists of glycogen.
Some fungi live in symbiotic relationship with blue-green algae, as in lichens.
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Examples : Yeast, Rhizopus, mushrooms, moulds (Aspergillus, Penicillium).
Fungi, in the traditional system of classification, were kept under plants because of the
presence of cell wall.
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Q.25. Enlist four main features of organisms placed in protista.
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. 1. This kingdom includes unicellular algae, diatoms and protozoans.
2. The organisms in this kingdom are unicellular, eukaryotic organisms (as well-defined
nucleus and other cell organelles are present).
3. Mode of nutrition is either autotrophic (as in algae and diatoms) or heterotrophic (as in
protozoans).
4. Some protists bear hair-like cilia or whip like flagella for movement. In some protists like
Amoeba movement takes place by pseudopodia (false feet).
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Q.26. Give four main features of phylum coelenterata.
Ans. 1. All coelenterates are found in water. Most
of the forms live in the sea (marine
forms), except a few, like Hydra, which
are found in freshwater.
2. Body is radially symmetrical.
3. These are the first of multicellular
animals which possess tissue level
organisation with a distinct division of
labour.
4. The body has a single, sac-like central
cavity, called coelenteron or the
gastrovascular cavity, with only one
opening.
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Q.27. (a) What are the two adaptive features of birds?
[2011 (T-II)]
(b) What is the scientific name of ostrich?
Ans. (a) Two adaptative features of birds are
1. Warm blooded animals. Body is covered with a feathery exoskeleton.
2. The body is divisible into head, neck, trunk and tail.
(b) Scientific name of ostrich is struthio.
Q.28. Why is there a need for classification and systematic naming of living organisms?
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. There are more than a million kinds of living things exhibiting an infinite variety in form,
structure and living places. It is not possible to know everything about all the organisms. We
can study just a few representatives and get the idea about that group. Classification makes
the study of such a wide variety of organisms easy. It is also important to understand the
interrelationship among different groups of organisms. Classification serves as a basis for the
development of other biological sciences as well.
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Q.29. How do reptiles differ from amphibians?
Amphibians
(a) Amphibious in nature i.e. found
in water and on land both.
(b) Skin is smooth or rough but
without scale.
(c) Head and trunk distinct.
(d) Heart is three chambered.
Reptiles
(a) Truly terrestrial animals.
(b) Skin is with scales.
(c) Body is distinctly divisible into head,
neck and trunk.
(d) Heart is incompletely four-chambered.
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Ans.
[2011 (T-II)]
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Q.30. (a) Define cryptogams?
[2011 (T-II)]
(b) Name the division of plant kingdom having amphibian plants.
Ans. (a) Cryptogams are those plants which do not produce external flowers or seeds. Thus, they
are considered to bear hidden reproductive organs. The cryptogams are, therefore, also
known as flowerless plants, seedless plants or lower plants.
(b) Bryophyta is the division of plant kingdom having amphibian plants.
Q.31. Bats can fly still they are placed in mammal. Why?
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. Bats are placed in mammals because they possess mammary glands (milk producing glands).
Mammals are the only animals which feed their young ones with milk.
Q.32. Give reasons for each of the following.
[2011 (T-II)]
(a) “Blue-green algae is placed in Monera and not in plantae”
(b) “Bryophytes and Pteridophytes grow in moist and shady places”.
Ans. (a) Blue green algae is placed in Monera because it is a prokaryotic, i.e., they do not have
a defined nucleus and lack cell organelles.
(b) Bryphytes and Pteridophytes need moist and shady places because their life cycle can not
complete without water or moist.
Q.33. (a) Write any two important features that are present in all chordates.
[2011 (T-II)]
(b) Mention one difference between triploblastic and diploblastic animals.
Ans. (a) 1. Presence of a tubular, dorsal, hollow nerve cord.
2. Triploblastic and coelomate
(b) An animal with a body wall composed only of two layers, ectoderm and endoderm are
diplablastic. An animal having a body composed of three embryonic cell layers – the
ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm are triploblastic.
Q.34. Give two differences between bony fish and cartilaginous fish. Give one example of each.
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans.
Bony Fish
Cartilaginous Fish
1. Skeleton is made of bones.
2. Bony fish have a swim bladder
which acts as a hydrostatic organ
enabling the animal to remain suspended in the water at any depth.
Example sea horse
1. Skeleton is made entirely of cartilage.
2. They do not have swim bladder and therefore
avoid sinking only by constant swimming
with the aid of an asymmeterical (heterocer
cal tail.
Example Scaliodon.
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Q.35. (a) Give a difference between lizards and snakes.
[2011 (T-II)]
(b) Name the type of nutrition in fungi.
Ans. (a) Lizards have four legs and a long tail, eardrums and movable eyetids. Snakes are limbless
reptiles that lack eardrums.
(b) Saprophytic type of nutrition is found in fungi.
Q.36. Thallophyta, bryophyta and pteridophyta are classified as cryptogamae whereas gymnosperms
and angiosperms are classified as phanerogamae, why?
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. z Cryptogams belong to thallophyta, bryophyta and pteridophyta. The reproductive organs in
thallophyta, bryophyta and pteridophyta are hidden and are very inconspicuous. External
flowers or seeds are not present. The plants in these three groups are therefore called
‘cryptogamae’ (cryptos = hidden, gamous = marriage).
z Gymnosperms and angiosperms are the plant groups with well developed reproductive
organs which produce seeds. These are called phanerogamae (phaneros = visible, gamous
= marriage) as seeds are visible. The seeds may be naked (in gymnosperms) or enclosed in
fruits (angiosperms).
Q.37. How can we say that sea horse is a fish while jelly fish is not a fish but a coelenterate?
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. Sea horse is a fish because
1. It is exclusively adapted to aquatic life.
2. The body is covered with scales.
3. Body is streamlined.
4. Fins are present but limbs are absent.
5. Muscular tail is present which is used for movement.
6. Respiration is through gills.
7. Heart is two-chambered.
8. These are cold-blooded animals (the body temperature fluctuates with the temperature of
the environment).
9. They lay eggs.
10. It is bony in which the skeleton is made of bones.
Q.38. (i) Which group of plants is known as ‘flowering plants’?
(ii) On the basis of seed how a maize plant is different from a pea plant?
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. (i) Angiosperms are the most common flowering plants.
(ii) Maize plant is different from a pea plant because in maize seeds contain only one
cotyledon in the embryo. While in pea plants seeds contain two cotyledons in the embryo.
Q.39. Give any two reasons why mosses are found in moist and humid places.
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. Mosses are found in moist and humid places because they are amphibians of plant kingdom
and amphibious in nature.
Q.40. What are gymnosperms? Give two characteristics.
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. Gymnosperms include the plants with naked seeds i.e. the seeds are not enclosed in fruits.
Characteristics
1. Plants are perennial, evergreen and woody.
2. They may be either trees or shrubs.
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Q.41. Write the names of the parts as A, B, C and D given in the
figure in your answer book.
[2011 (T-II)]
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Ans. A — Snout
B — Pectoral fin
C — Dorsal Fin
D — Brood pouch
Q.42. (a) State two characteristic features of nematode.
(b) Identify the phylum with the help of following features :
(i) Spiny - Skinned, radial symmetrical and have tube feet.
(ii) Triploblastic, worm - like, having segmented body.
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. (a) Features of Nematode
1. They have narrow, elongated and cylindrical bodies.
2. They have narrow, elongated and cylindrical bodies
(b) (i) — Echinodermata
(ii) — Annelida
Q.43. Who proposed the five kingdom classification? What is the basis of this classification?
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. Robert H. Whittaker, an American taxonomist in 1969 was the first one to propose a five–
kingdom classification based on (i) cell structure, (ii) mode and source of nutrition, and (iii)
body organisation.
Q.44. Label X and Y in the given diagram of Hydra.
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. X — Tentacles, Y — Foot
Q.45. Give one example of each :
(a) Reptile which has a four chambered heart.
(b) Egg - laying mammal.
(c) Parasitic Platyhelminthes
(d) Division among plants which has the simplest organisms.
Ans. (a) Crocodile
(b) Echidna
(c) Planaria
(d) Thallophyta
Q.46. Identify the phylum for the following characteristics given :
(a) Organisms with joint appendages.
(b) Organisms are generally flatworms
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[2011 (T-II)]
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Other Important Questions
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(c) Body is segmented
[2011 (T-II)]
(d) Skin of organisms is full of spikes
Ans. (a) Arthropoda
(b) Platyhelminthes
(c) Annelida
(d) Reptiles
Q.47. Write any two characteristics of class mammalia. Name one egg laying mammal.
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. Characteristics of Mammalia
1. Warm – blooded animals.
2. Mammals have two pairs of pentadactyl limbs. Egg laying mammal is Platypus
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Q.1. Answer the following :
(i) Who is known as the ‘Father of Taxonomy’?
(ii) What is meant by nomenclature?
Ans. (i) Carolus Linnaeus
(ii) The system of naming living and nonliving objects is called nomenclature.
Q.2. Write the contribution of Haeckel and Whittaker in classification.
Ans. E.H. Haeckel raised third kingdom named protista for unicellular eukaryotic organisms.
Whittaker proposed five kingdom classification based on cell structure (prokaryotic/
eukaryotic), mode of nutrition and body organisation.
Q.3. Name the group of plants with the following characters :
(a) Plants with seeds
(b) Plants without roots, stem, leaves or flowers
(c) Plants having seeds with two cotyledons
(d) Plants visible with naked eye but having no chlorophyll
Ans. (a) Phanerogams
(b) Thallophyta
(c) Dicotyledons
(d) Fungi
Q.4. You are provided with the seeds of gram, wheat, rice and pumpkin. Classify them whether they
are monocot or dicot.
Ans. (a) Gram — Dicot
(b) Wheat — Monocot
(c) Rice — Monocot
(d) Pumpkin — Dicot
Q.5. Distinguish between Bryophyta and Pteridophyta.
Ans.
Bryophyta
Pteridophyta
(i) The plant body is not differentiated
(i) The plant body is differentiated into
into root, stem and leaves.
root, stem and leaves.
(ii) Vascular tissues are absent.
(ii) Vascular tissues are present.
(iii) Sex organs are simple and single-celled. (iii) Sex organs are multicellular.
(iv) After fertilisation, no embryo
(iv) Embryo is formed after fertilisation.
formation takes place.
Q.6. What are vascular cryptogams?
Ans. (a) These are green autotrophic plants in which vascular tissues are present.
(b) The dominant plant body is differentiated into root, stem and leaves.
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(c) Sex organs are multicellular.
(d) Embryo is formed after fertilisation.
Q.7. Write any four differences between dicotyledons and monocotyledons.
Ans.
Monocotyledons
Dicotyledons
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(i) These bear seeds with single cotyledon. (i) These have two cotyledons.
(ii) These have parallel venation.
(ii) These have reticulate venation.
(iii) Vascular bundles are arranged in
(iii) Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring.
complex manner.
(iv) These have fibrous root system.
(iv) These have tap root system.
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Q.8. Name the phylum to which each of the following animals belong:
Seahorse, Silverfish, Jellyfish, Cuttlefish.
Ans. Seahorse — Pisces
Silverfish — Arthropoda
Jellyfish
— Cnidaria
Cuttlefish — Mollusca
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Q.9. Give two characters of bryophytes.
Ans. Two characteristics of bryophytes are
(i) The plant body is not differentiated into root, stem and leaves.
(ii) They are non vascular plants.
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Q.10. How is classification and evolution interrelated with each other?
Ans. Despite of diversity, the living organisms are interrelated bacause of their common origin. If
we study different groups of living organisms, they exhibit hierarchial complexity. Darwin
explained evolution as ‘Descent with modification’. It means all species are formed by the
modifications of pre existing ones. Thus, the gradual increase in complexity in living organisms, not only confirm the concept of evolution but also tells interrelation between various
organisms.
C. Short Answer Questions - II
(3 Marks)
Previous Years' Questions
Q.1. List three groups of plants. Which plants are referred to as vascular plants? Out of these which
group is further classified on the basis of number of cotyledon? State its two characteristics.
Ans. Three groups of plants are
(i) Angiosperms
(ii) Bryophyta
(iii) Pteridophyta
Pteridophytes are referred to as vascular plants. Out of these angiosperms plants can be further
classified on the basis of number of cotyledon.
Characteristics
1. They are seed bearing plants, i.e., seeds are enclosed inside the fruit formed.
2. Dominant group of land plants and most common flowering plants.
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Q.2. List in the tabular form any three differences between the Aves and the Mammalia group.
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans.
Aves
Mammalia
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(a) Feathered animals body is covered with (a) Skin is covered with hair.
feathery exoskeleton.
(b) The body is divisible into head, neck,
(b) The body is divided into head, thorax
trunk and tail.
and abdomen.
(c) They are oviparous i.e., egg laying.
(c) They are viviparous i.e., give birth to
young ones.
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Q.3. Identify the plant bodies, which are commonly named as ‘cryptogamae’. State and explain two
characteristics, which are exhibited by each category of these plant bodies. [2011 (T-II)]
Ans. Plant bodies which are commonly named as ‘cryptogamae’ are
(i) Thallophyta
(ii) Bryophyta
(iii) Pteridophyta
(A) Thallophyta (Thallas) = undifferentiated, phyta = plant
(i) The plant body is not differentiated into root, stem and leaves.
(ii) Vascular tissues are absent.
(B) Bryophyta (Bryon = mass, Phyta = plant)
(i) The plant body is either thallus – like (thalloid) or leaf – like (foliose).
(ii) The plant body is green and autotrophic.
(C) Pteridophyta (Pterid – fern, phyton – plant)
(i) They are highly evolved ferns.
(ii) Stem is generally underground.
Q.4. (i) Draw a neat diagram of Hydra.
[2011 (T-II)]
(ii) Label mesoglea and gastrovascular cavity.
(iii) Name the group of animals it belongs to.
(iv) Name one species of this group that lives in colonies.
Ans. (i) Diagram of Hydra
(ii) Labelling
(iii) It belongs to the group Cnidaria of Phylum – Coelenterata
(iv) Corals
Q.5. In the given classification scheme fill in the boxes with appropriate plant groups :
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. For Flow-chart See Q.3 Pg.-75
Q.6. Define the terms and give one example of each
(i) Bilateral symmetry
(ii) Coelom
(iii) Triplobastic
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. (i) Bilateral symmetry – When the body of an organism can be cut into similar halves which
are mirror images of each other, only by one plane. Example – man
(ii) Coelom – Body cavity of tripoblastic animals lying within the mesoderm and lined by it.
Example – Annelida
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(iii) Triploblastic – Animals having a body made of three germ layers : ectoderm, mesoderm
and endoderm. Example – Fasciola (liver fluke)
Q.7. Write any three differences between Amphibia and Mammalia belonging to kingdom
Animalia.
Ans.
Amphibia
Mammalia
(a) Amphibious in nature, i.e., found in
water and on land both.
(a) Mammals are the most evolved group
of organisms found in diverse habitats
ranging from deserts, polar ice caps.
(b) The body is divided into head, thorax
and abdomen.
(c) Heart is four chambered.
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(b) Head and trunk distinct.
(c) Heart is three chambered.
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Q.8. Pick the odd one out and justify your choice by giving reasons.
[2011 (T-II)]
(a) Moss, Fern, Pinus, Spirogyra.
(b) Sea Cucumber, Octopus, Feather Star, Star fish.
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. (a) Spirogyra — It is a thallophyte, the body is not differentiated into root, stem and leaves.
(b) Octopus — It is a mollusc. The body is soft, unsegmented, triploblastic, coelomate animal.
Q.9. Identify the following diagrams. Write the phylum do they belong to? Write down the characteristic features of each phylum.
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. Phylum Annelida
1. They are triploblastic animals having bilateral symmetry.
2. Alimentary canal is complete.
3. Respiration takes place through the general body surface.
Phylum Porifera
1. They are exclusively aquatic in their habitat, mostly
marine.
2. Nervous and sensory cells are absent.
3. Respiration and excretion take place through general
body surface.
Q.10. (a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
Ans. (a)
Write down the four characteristic features of the members of the class Aves.
To which group do the following belong :
[2011 (T-II)]
Evergreen trees that bear naked seeds.
Plants which have tap root system and two cotyledons in their seeds.
Characteristics of class Aves
1. The heart is four – chambered.
2. They are warm – blooded animals.
3. Respiration is by lungs only.
4. Sexes are separate.
(b) (i) Gymnosperms
(ii) Dicotyledonae.
Q.11. Name the group which is called ‘Amphibians of Plant kingdom’. Cite an example of this group
also mention one important feature of the same group.
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. Bryophytes are the Amphibians of Plant kingdom. Example Marchantia
One important feature of this group is they lack true vascular tissue.
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Group
Example
(i) Vertebrata
humans
(ii) Protista
protozoa
(iii) Angiosperms
mustard
Q.13. (a) Draw a well labelled diagram of Euglena.
(b) Name the kingdom to which it belongs.
Ans. (a) Diagram of Euglena
(b) Euglena belongs to kingdom Protista
Q.14. Differentiate between annelida and nematode.
Annelida
[2011 (T-II)]
Nematode
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[2011 (T-II)]
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Q.12. On the basis of the following features, identify the group and give
one example of each :
(i) Presence of notocord at some stage of life.
(ii) Unicellular, microscopic and eukaryotic.
(iii) Seeds are enclosed in fruits.
[2011 (T-II)]
(a) They have narrow, elongated and
cylindrical body.
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(a) The body is composed of rings or
segment-showing metameric
segmentation.
(b) Body is soft, no hard skeleton.
(c) True body cavity is present.
(d) Blood vascular system is of closed
type.
(b) They are triploblastic, unsegmented
animals with bilateral symmetry.
(c) Body cavity is not a true coelom; it is
called pseudocoel or pseudocoelom.
(d) Respiratory, circulatory and skeletal
systems are absent.
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[2011 (T-II)]
Q.15. What is the importance of classification?
Ans. Importance of Classification
1. Classification serves as a base for all other disciplines of biology.
2. It allows easy means of communication of information to other people.
3. Classification is an information storage system and the biologists need it for the specific
organism they work with.
4. Classification projects before us a picture of all life forms at a glance.
5. Classification tells us about the interrelationships between different groups of organisms,
and in turn provides us information about their evolution.
6. Classification makes the study of the wide variety of organisms existing in the living
world convenient, easy and time – saving.
7. Various fields of applied biology such as agriculture, environmental biology and public
health depend on the correct identification and classification of disease causing organisms
and insect pests.
Q.16. (a) In which two ways are amphibians differed from fishes?
(b) Identify the phylum of organisms having the following characteristics.
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(i) Pore bearing animals and radial symmetry
(ii) Body spiny and radial symmetry
(c) Why gymnosperms do not require water for fertilization?
Ans. (a)
Amphibians
[2011 (T-II)]
Fishes
1. Heart is three chambered.
1. Heart is two-chambered.
2. Skin is smooth or rough but without scale. 2. The body is covered with scale.
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(b) (i) Phylum Porifera
(ii) Phylum Echinodermata
(c) Gymnosperms does not require water for fertilization because in
Gymnosperms fertilization occurs by wind.
Q.17. (a) Name the phylum to which each of the following animals belongs to, Silver fish, Starfish,
Tapeworm, Leech.
[2011 (T-II)]
(b) List two features of vertebrates.
Animal
Phylum
(a) Silver fish
— Echinodermata
Star fish
— Echinodermata
Tapeworm
— Platyhelminthes
Leech
— Annelida
(b) Two features of vertebrates are
(i) Triploblastic and coelomate
(ii) Presence of a tubular, dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Q.18. To which group do the following organism belong and give one reason for each.
[2011 (T-II)]
(a) Cyanobacteria
(b) Euglena
(c) Ulothrix
Ans. (a) Cyanobacteria – belongs to the group Monera because these organisms are prokaryotic
i.e., they do not have a defined nucleus and lack cell organelles.
(b) Euglena – belongs to the group Protista because organisms in this kingdom are
unicellular, eukaryotic organisms (as well - defined nucleus and other cell organelles are
present).
(c) Ulothrix – belongs to the group Thallophyta because vascular tissues are absent.
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Ans.
Q.19. (i) What are vertebrates?
[2011 (T-II)]
(ii) Name four sub groups of vertebrates.
Ans. (i) Vertebrates are a large group of animals comprising all those members of the phylum
Chordata that have backbones.
(ii) Four sub groups of vertebrates are
1. Pisces
2. Amphibia
3. Reptilia
4. Aves
Q.20. Write one difference for each of the following pairs.
[2011 (T-II)]
(i) Thallophyta and Bryophyta (ii) Nematoda and Annelida (iii) Amphibia and Reptilia
Ans. (i)
Thallophyta
Bryophyta
1. Embryo formation after fertilization is
absent.
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1. Embryo – stage present.
© GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
(ii)
Nematoda
Annelida
1. Body cavity is not a true coelom, it is
called pseudocoel or pseudocoelom.
(iii)
1. True body cavity is present.
Amphibia
Reptilia
1. Amphibious in nature i.e., found in
water and on land both.
1. Truly terrestrial animals.
Gymnosperm
Angiosperm
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Ans. (a)
1. Naked seeded plants-seeds are not
emclosed within the fruit.
Diploblastic
1. Seed bearing plants i.e., seeds are
enclosed inside the fruit formed.
Triploblastic
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(b)
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1. Animals having two germ layers–the
ectoderm and endoderm are called
diplablastic animals.
(c)
[2011 (T-II)]
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Q.21. Differentiate between the following , giving one main point of difference.
(a) Gymnosperm and Angiosperm
(b) Diploblastic and Triploblastic animals
(c) Dicotyledons and Monocotyledons.
1. Animals having three germ layers–
the ectoderm, mesoderm and
endoderm are called triploblastic
animals.
Monocotyledons
1. Vascular bundles are arranged in
complex manner.
Dicotyledons
1. Vascular bundles are arranged in a
ring.
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Q.22. (a) List any two main characteristics of chordates.
[2011 (T-II)]
(b) In which class would you place any organism which has —
(i) four chambered heart and lay eggs.
(ii) skeletons made of both bones and cartilage and are cold blooded.
Ans. (a) Two main characteristics of chordates are
1. Presence of an unsegmented, elastic, rod-like structure called notochord.
2. Presence of pharyngeal gill slits.
(b) (i) Mammals.
(ii) Fish
Q.23. Name the phylum to which this organism belongs. Write any
two characteristic feature of the phylum.
[2011 (T-II)]
Ans. This organism belongs to phylum Mollusca.
Characteristics
1. Bilateral symmetry is present.
2. Respiration occurs through gills called ctenidia.
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Q.24. Classify the following organisms based on the absence / presence of true coelom i.e. acoelomate, pseudocoelomate and coelomate)
[2011 (T-II)]
(a) Scorpion
(b) Sea anemone
(c) Ascaris
(d) Earthworm
(e) Wuchereria
(f) Nereis
Ans. (a) Scorpion – Coelomate
(b) Sea anemone – Acoelomate
(c) Ascaris – Pseudocoelomate
(d) Earthworm – Coelomate
(e) Wuchereria – Pseudocoelomate
(f) Nereis – Coelomate
Q.25. Write the most striking features of the following phyla :
[2011 (T-II)]
(i) arthropoda
(ii) amphibia
(iii) porifera
Ans. (i) Arthropoda – The arthopods are the most successful group of animals. They are the
largest group of animals in total number of species, being represented by more than
700,000 species (nearly 80% of the animal kingdom).
(ii) Amphibia – The amphibians are the first land vertebrates, but they are partly terrestrial
and partly aquatic.
(ii) Porifera – They are very simple and sessile organisms and are the simplest amongst the
multicellular animals. They consist of colonies of cells, lacking organs.
Other Important Questions
Spongilla
Wuchereria
Scorpion
Sea anemone,
Planaria
Liver fluke
Ascaris,
Nereis,
Earthworm
Birds,
Fish,
Horse.
Acoelomate
Pseudocoelomate
Planaria, Liver fluke
Sea anemone, Spongilla
Wuchereria, Ascaris
Coelomate
Earthworm, Nereis
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Q.1. Classify the following organisms based on the absence/presence of true coelom (i.e., acoelomate, pseudocoelomate and coelomate)
Q.2. Endoskeleton of fish are made up of cartilage and bone; classify the following fish as
cartilagenous or bony
Torpedo,
Sting ray,
Dog fish,
Rohu,
Angler fish,
Exocoetus.
Ans.
Cartilaginous fish
Bony fish
Torpedo, Sting ray, Dog fish
Rohu, Angler fish, Exocoetus
Q.3. Classify the following based on number of chambers in their heart.
Rohu, Scoliodon, Frog, Salamander, Flying lizard, King Cobra, Crocodile, Ostrich,
Pigeon, Bat, Whale.
Ans. Types of animals based on heart chambers
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Two-chambered Three-chambered Incompletely Four-chambered Four-chambered
Rohu, Scoliodon Frog, Salamander
Flying lizard, King Cobra
Crocodile, Ostrich,
Pigeon, Bat, Whale
Q.4. Classify Rohu, Scoliodon, Flying lizard, King Cobra, Frog, Salamander, Ostrich, Pigeon, Bat,
Crocodile and Whale as the cold blooded/warm blooded animals.
Cold-blooded Animals
Warm-blooded Animals
Ostrich
Pigeon
Bat
Whale
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Rohu
Scoliodon
Flying lizard
King Cobra
Salamander
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Ans.
Q.5. Match items of column (A) with items of column (B)
Ans.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(F)
S
Pore bearing animals
Diploblastic
Metameric segmentation
Jointed legs
Soft bodied animals
Spiny skinned animals
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(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(B)
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(A)
Column (A)
Pore-bearing animals
Diploblastic
Metameric segmentation
Jointed leg
Soft-bodied animals
Spiny skinned animals
Column (B)
(C)
(B)
(D)
(A)
(E)
(F)
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(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Arthropoda
Coelenterata
Porifera
Echinodermata
Mollusca
Annelida
Porifera
Coelenterata
Annelida
Arthropoda
Mollusca
Echinodermata
Q.6. What is the difference between the following :
(a) The heart of a fish and that of a bird
(b) Breathing organs of fish and lizard
(c) The position of mouth in shark and salmon.
Ans.
(a)
Heart of fish
Heart of bird
(i) Fish have 2-chambered heart.
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(i) Birds have 4-chambered heart.
© GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
(b)
Breathing organ of fish
Breathing organ of lizard
(i) Breathing organs are gills.
(c)
(i) Breathing organs are lungs.
Position of mouth in shark
Position of Mouth in salmon
(i) Mouth is present on ventral side.
(i) Mouth is terminal or subterminal.
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Q.7. Label a, b, c and d, given in figure. Give the function of (b).
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Ans. (a) Dorsal fin (b) Caudal fin (c) Anal fin (d) Pelvic fin.
The caudal fin helps in different directional movements.
Q.8. Fill in the boxes given in figure with appropriate characterstics/plant group(s)
Ans. (a) Thallophyta
(b) Without vascular tissues (c) Pteridophyta (d) Phanerogams
(e) Bear naked seeds (f) Angiosperms (g) Have seeds with two cotyledons (h) Monocots
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D. Long Answer Questions
(5 Marks)
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Q.1. Thallophyta, bryophyta and pteridophyta are called as ‘Cryptogams’. Gymnosperms and
angiosperms are called as ‘phanerogams’. Discuss why?
Ans. z Cryptogams belong to thallophyta, bryophyta and pteridophyta. The reproductive organs in
thallophyta, bryophyta and pteridophyta are hidden and are very inconspicuous. External
flowers or seeds are not present. The plants in these three groups are therefore called
‘cryptogamae’ (cryptos = hidden, gamous = marriage).
z Gymnosperms and angiosperms are the plant groups with well developed reproductive
organs which produce seeds. These are called phanerogamae (phaneros = visible, gamous
= marriage) as seeds are visible. The seeds may be naked (in gymnosperms) or enclosed
in fruits (angiosperms).
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Q.2. You are given leech, Nereis, Scolopendra, prawn and scorpion; and all have segmented body
organisation. Will you classify them in one group? If no, give the important characters based
on which you will separate these organisms into different groups.
Ans. No, all these animals will not be classified into one group despite of all having segmented body.
z Leech and Nereis belong to phylum annelida.
(i) Body is metamerically segmented, i.e; divided into small segments externally by vertical partitions called septa.
(ii) The body is bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic with true body cavity.
(iii) Respiration takes place by general body surface.
(iv) Excretion occurs through coiled tubular structures called nephridia.
Scolopendra, prawn and scorpion belong to phylum arthropoda.
(i) Unlike annelids, segments are not separated by septa. Segments are grouped to form
three parts, i.e; head, thorax and abdomen.
(ii) Respiration occurs through gills, trachea or book lungs.
(iii) These have jointed legs.
(iv) The body is covered by a hard exoskeleton made of chitin.
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z
Q.3. Which organism is more complex and evolved among bacteria, mushroom and mango tree.
Give reasons.
Ans. Among bacteria, mushroom and mango tree, mango tree is more complex and evolved.
z Bacteria are unicellular, simple, microscopic organisms. They lack nuclear membrane and
chlorophyll. Cell organelles are absent
z Mushrooms are non-green plants. Their body is a web of fine, delicate thread-like hyphae.
z Mango tree belongs to Angiosperms. Their body is highly developed and differentiated into
roots, stem, leaves, flowers and fruits. They prepare their own food. All cellular organelles
are present.
Based on these properties, we can say that mango tree is more complex and evolved in
compared to bacteria and mushroom.
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© GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
Q.4. Differentiate between flying lizard and bird.
Flying Lizard
Bird
(i) It belongs to class Reptilia.
(i) It belongs to class Aves.
(ii) Its skin is rough and dry.
(ii) Its skin is covered with feathers.
(iii) Cold-blooded animal.
(iv) Two pairs of pentadactyl
limbs are present.
(iii) Warm-blooded animal.
(iv) There are two pairs of limbs but the fore
limbs are modified to wings.
(v) Heart is incompletely
divided into four chambers.
(v) Heart is completely divided into four
chambers.
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Q.5. How can we keep mosquito and prawn in the same group?
Ans. Prawn and mosquito both are kept in arthropoda group because :
(i) The body of mosquito is divided into head, thorax and abdomen. In case of Prawn, head
and thorax are fused to form cephalothorax.
(ii) They have six or more jointed appendages.
(iii) The body is covered by a hard exoskeleton made of chitin.
(iv) Prawn belongs to class crustacea of arthropoda and mosquito belongs to class insecta of
arthropoda.
(v) Compound eyes having many lenses are present. They therefore have mosaic vision.
II. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
A. Quiz
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Q.1. During a practical examination Pankaj was asked to identify a plant cell and an animal cell
correctly by looking through two microscopes. They looked alike.
How can he identify them correctly?
Ans. Plant Cell
Animal Cell
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Major differences between Animal and plant cells
S.No.
(i)
Animal cell
Plant cell
Cell wall – absent.
Cell wall – present.
Plastids – present.
(iii) Vacuoles – generally absent, if present they
are more in number and smaller in size.
Vacuoles – generally present but only one
large vacuole is present.
(iv) Centrosomes with centrioles present.
Centrosomes and centrioles are absent,
instead polar caps present.
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(ii) Plastids – absent.
Q.2. Complete the table :
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(i) Plants having a single cotyledon.
(ii) A mammal which digs hole in the ground.
(iii) Heterotrophic eukaryote which uses decaying organic material as food.
(iv) An aquatic alga containing chlorophyll.
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Across
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Down
(v) The phylum to which earthworm belongs.
(vi) The kingdom in which organisms do not
have a defined nucleus or organelles and
do not show multicellular body designs.
(vii) Scientific name of starfish.
(viii) Whip like appendages in Euglena.
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© GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN