Chapter 3 Study Questions
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. Which of the following best describes the particles of a liquid?
a. The particles are far apart and moving fast.
b. The particles are close together but moving past each other.
c. The particles are far apart and moving slowly.
d. The particles are closely packed and vibrate in place.
2. Boiling points and freezing points are examples of
a. chemical properties.
c. energy.
b. physical properties.
d. matter.
3. During which change of state do atoms or molecules become more ordered?
a. boiling
c. melting
b. condensation
d. sublimation
4. Which of the following describes what happens as the temperature of a gas in a balloon increases?
a. The speed of the particles decreases.
b. The volume of the gas increases and the speed of the particles increases.
c. The volume decreases.
d. The pressure decreases.
5. Dew collects on a spider web in the early morning. This is an example of
a. condensation.
c. sublimation.
b. evaporation.
d. melting.
6. Which of the following changes of state is exothermic?
a. evaporation
c. freezing
b. sublimation
d. melting
7. What happens to the volume of a gas inside a piston if the temperature does not change but the pressure is
reduced?
a. increases
c. decreases
b. stays the same
d. not enough information
8. The atoms and molecules in matter
a. are attracted to one another.
c. move faster at higher temperatures.
b. are constantly moving.
d. All of the above
9. Which of the following contains plasma?
a. dry ice
c. a fire
b. steam
d. a hot iron
10. Boyle’s law explains the relationship between volume and pressure for a fixed amount of a
a. solid.
c. gas.
b. liquid.
d. plasma.
11. Which of the following examples involves an exothermic change?
a. ice melting on a warm day
b. water boiling in a tea kettle
c. gaseous water particles coming together to form fog
d. air in a bicycle tire gaining pressure after a long ride
12. Which of these factors could affect the temperature at which water boils?
a. the volume of water in the pot
b. the atmospheric pressure at which the water is heated
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c. the amount of energy added to the water
d. the type of fuel used to heat the water
The particles of water that evaporate from an open container have ____ than the particles that remain.
a. more speed
c. higher energy
b. greater order
d. more speed and higher energy
Hydraulic systems, such as the brakes on an automobile, work because liquids tend to maintain a constant
a. volume.
c. temperature.
b. pressure.
d. boiling point.
Which of the following occurs when a liquid becomes a gas?
a. The particles give off energy.
b. The particles break away from one another.
c. The particles move closer together.
d. The particles slow down.
The four most familiar states of matter are
a. solid, liquid, gas, and sublimation.
b. melting, freezing, vaporization, and condensation.
c. solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.
d. crystalline, amorphous, endothermic, and exothermic.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
a. Particles of a solid have a very orderly, three-dimensional arrangement and do not move.
b. Particles of a liquid change shape and volume.
c. Particles of a gas are able to slide past one another but are very close together.
d. Particles of a plasma have broken apart.
Which of the following is the LEAST viscous?
a. honey
c. water
b. tar
d. lava
In a gaseous state, particles
a. move independently of one another.
b. move fast enough to break away completely from one another.
c. have empty space between them.
d. All of the above
The amount of force exerted on a given area is called
a. pressure.
c. energy.
b. viscosity.
d. temperature.
If a pressure cooker contains steam at high pressure, then the particles of gas are
a. far apart and collide with the inside of the container at a slow rate.
b. close together and collide with the inside of the container at a slow rate.
c. close together and collide with the inside of the container at a fast rate.
d. far apart and collide with the inside of the container at a fast rate.
____ do NOT change shape in different containers.
a. Solids
c. Gases
b. Liquids
d. Plasmas
Boyle's law states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant
a. pressure, the volume increases as the temperature decreases.
b. temperature, the volume increases as the pressure increases.
c. temperature, the volume decreases as the pressure increases.
d. pressure, the volume decreases as the temperature increases.
According to Charles's law, if you were to put an inflated balloon in a freezer for about 10 minutes, the
balloon would have
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a. shrunk because gas volume decreases as temperature decreases.
b. grown because gas volume increases as temperature decreases.
c. stayed the same size because temperature does not affect the volume of a gas.
d. stayed the same size because temperature does not affect the pressure of a gas.
Which of the following describes plasmas?
a. have a definite shape
c. are not affected by magnetic fields
b. conduct electric current
d. have particles that are close together
During a change of state, the ____ of a substance changes.
a. identity
c. boiling point
b. energy
d. temperature
A transfer of energy that causes the temperature of a substance to change and can lead to a change of state is
known as
a. heat.
c. freezing.
b. ice.
d. water.
You can cause water to change state by removing or adding
a. matter.
c. energy.
b. particles.
d. surface tension.
The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid is its
a. boiling point.
c. melting point.
b. sublimation point.
d. evaporation point.
The melting point of a substance is a characteristic property because it
a. does not change with different amounts of the substance.
b. is unique to every substance.
c. can be used with other data to identify a substance.
d. All of the above
When a solid is at its melting point, any energy it absorbs
a. increases the motion of the particles until they overcome the attractions that hold them in
place.
b. decreases the motion of the particles until they overcome the attractions that hold them in
place.
c. causes the temperature to increase.
d. causes the temperature to decrease.
Energy is absorbed by a substance during
a. an endothermic change.
c. freezing.
b. an exothermic change.
d. condensation.
The temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid is its
a. boiling point.
c. sublimation point.
b. freezing point.
d. evaporation point.
Freezing and ____ occur at the same temperature.
a. melting
c. condensation
b. vaporization
d. sublimation
Water is a liquid and iron is a solid at room temperature, so iron must have a ____ than water.
a. lower freezing point
c. lower boiling point
b. higher freezing point
d. Both (a) and (c)
Boiling is ____ that occurs throughout a liquid.
a. melting
c. vaporization
b. condensation
d. sublimation
Which of the following statements describes evaporation?
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a. Evaporation is a form of vaporization.
b. Evaporation occurs in a liquid below its boiling point.
c. Evaporation occurs at the surface of a liquid.
d. all of the above
Which of the following does NOT describe pressure?
a. the amount of force exerted on a given area
b. decreases as particles move faster
c. caused by collisions of particles against the inside of a container
d. increases as more particles are placed in a container
Which of the following best explains why cooking a hard-boiled egg at the top of a mountain takes more time
than cooking a hard-boiled egg at sea level?
a. Atmospheric pressure is higher at the top of the mountain, raising the boiling point of
water
b. Atmospheric pressure is higher at the top of the mountain, lowering the boiling point of
water
c. Atmospheric pressure is lower at the top of the mountain, raising the boiling point of
water.
d. Atmospheric pressure is lower at the top of the mountain, lowering the boiling point of
water.
The condensation point of a substance is
a. the same temperature as the boiling point at a given pressure.
b. the temperature at which the motion of the molecules overcomes the attractions between
the molecules.
c. the temperature at which a gas changes into a liquid.
d. Both (a) and (c)
Which of the following is MOST likely to undergo sublimation?
a. an iron nail
c. steam
b. solid carbon dioxide (dry ice)
d. rubbing alcohol
Which of the following occurs at 100°C at sea level?
a. Ice melts into liquid water.
c. Steam condenses into liquid water.
b. Liquid water freezes into ice.
d. none of the above
When a substance loses or absorbs energy,
a. its temperature can change.
c. the speed of its particles can change.
b. its state can change.
d. All of the above
When a person wearing glasses enters a warm house after being outside on a cold day, their glasses fog up
because of
a. vaporization.
c. sublimation.
b. condensation.
d. melting.
Scientists estimate that more than 99 percent of the known matter in the universe is in the
a. solid state.
c. gaseous state.
b. liquid state.
d. plasma state.
Before riding your bicycle, you inflate the tires on your bicycle to their maximum capacity. A few days later,
a warm front raises the temperature 20ºF, When you try to ride your bike, you find that the tires are flat!
Which of the following best explains why the tires are flat?
a. The increase in temperature caused the volume of air in the tires to increase, and the tires
popped.
b. The increase in temperature caused more air particles to enter the tires, and the tires
popped.
c. The increase in temperature caused the air pressure in the tires to decrease, and the tires
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appear flat.
d. none of the above
Which of the following describes a liquid?
a. becomes a vapor at the boiling point
b. changes volume when placed in a different container
c. can be compressed
d. has particles that are far apart.
Wax is an example of a(n)
a. liquid.
c. amorphous solid.
b. crystalline solid.
d. plasma.
An amorphous solid
a. has particles in a repeating pattern of rows.
b. has particles that do not move.
c. has particles that are not in an orderly arrangement.
d. has the same properties as a crystalline solid.
The aurora borealis is a result of the sun's plasma colliding with ____ particles in the upper atmosphere.
a. gas
c. liquid
b. solid
d. plasma
Liquids form spherical drops as a result of
a. viscosity.
c. pressure.
b. surface tension.
d. temperature.
On Earth, natural ____ are found in lightning and fire.
a. solids
c. gases
b. liquids
d. plasmas
Freezing of any substance occurs
a. at 0ºC.
b. when a liquid changes to a solid, regardless of temperature.
c. when the particles of the substance are able to slide past one another.
d. when energy is added to a substance.
People in warmer climates wear light, loose-fitting clothes to allow their perspiration to
a. evaporate.
c. condensate.
b. sublimate.
d. melt.
Which of the following changes a liquid to a gas?
a. boiling
c. condensation
b. sublimation
d. freezing
If energy is removed from water that is at 1ºC, the water will
a. warm up.
c. cool down.
b. melt.
d. freeze.
Which of the following occurs throughout a liquid, not just at the surface?
a. boiling
c. evaporation
b. vaporization
d. all of the above
Water from a lake enters the atmosphere through the process of
a. sublimation.
c. condensation.
b. vaporization.
d. melting.
Water redeposits into lakes in the form of rain by
a. sublimation.
c. condensation.
b. vaporization.
d. boiling.
A substance that pours very slowly has a high
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a. pressure.
c. viscosity.
b. temperature.
d. surface tension.
Which of the following is an endothermic change?
a. melting
c. condensation
b. freezing
d. all of the above
Which of the following is an exothermic change?
a. melting
c. vaporization
b. condensation
d. sublimation
Water forms on the outside of a glass of cold lemonade as a result of
a. vaporization.
c. condensation.
b. sublimation.
d. freezing.
You can boil water at a temperature lower than 100ºC by
a. increasing the pressure.
b. decreasing the pressure.
c. beginning with an ice cube.
d. You cannot boil water at a temperature lower than 100ºC.
Fog forms when some of the gaseous water in air condenses to form tiny drops of liquid water. This occurs
when
a. the air temperature drops.
c. there is no humidity.
b. the air temperature rises.
d. None of the above
All of the following are endothermic changes EXCEPT
a. vaporization.
c. freezing.
b. melting.
d. sublimation.
____ is a change of state that is often used to cool down football players on the sideline.
a. Vaporization
c. Melting
b. Sublimation
d. Freezing
Short Answer
68. In the picture below, water is being split to form two new substances, hydrogen and oxygen. Is this a change
of state? Explain your answer.
69. Examine the graph below, and answer the following questions:
a. What is the boiling point of the substance? What is the melting point?
b. Which state is present at 30ºC?
c. How will the substance change if energy is added to the liquid at 20ºC?
70. The following graph shows the different states of water as it is cooled. Examine the graph and follow the
instructions below.
Match the letters on the graph with the following terms:
condensation, gas, solid, freezing, and liquid.