A PLAN FOR RESPONDING TO A
FORECASTED DISASTER
BY
JOHNNY GRIFFIN
DIRECTOR
WILMINGTON REGIONAL FILM COMMISSION, INC.
AUGUST 28, 2009
PREPARED FOR THE ASSOCIATION OF FILM COMMISSIONERS INTERNATIONAL
CERTIFIED FILM COMMISSIONER PROGRAM
1
A PLA FOR RESPODIG TO A
FORECASTED DISASTER
ITRO
Wilmington, North Carolina is in the active North Atlantic hurricane zone. I have lived in this
area for twenty-five years. During the first twelve years of my residency, the region did not
experience any regular tropical storm activity. Because of this lack of storm activity, there was
never a heightened sense of the need for hurricane preparedness. There were the occasional
warnings, but no storms that created an imminent threat. It was also a time that was pre-Weather
Channel and pre-internet, so information was not as readily available. Then beginning in 1996,
the region experienced a three year period in which four storms made landfall within the region.
After the first storm, the necessity for regular monitoring of hurricane activity became part of
one’s life in this region. At the Wilmington Regional Film Commission (WRFC), tropical
system storm monitoring has become part of the routine responsibility during the annual
hurricane season.
This paper focuses specifically on hurricanes, unique weather events which can be followed for
days in advance and are somewhat predictable compared to other naturally occurring events.
However, in general terms, one can utilize various elements discussed here when confronted
with other naturally occurring events. The key point as a film commissioner is to know if your
region is susceptible to any naturally occurring events. What you may take for granted during a
particular season (snow storms, tornadoes, wildfires, temperature extremes, etc.) is completely
foreign to a visiting film crew. Therefore, it is the film commission’s responsibility to inform the
production of the potential for events during a particular season. Basic preparations that a
resident may make on an annual basis for these events will not be considered by those visiting
the area. As a film commissioner, one has to think like someone who has never been to the
region. (Appendix I is a basic Family Disaster Plan which is easily adaptable to a business. This
will aide in the preparation and response process.)
2
When evaluating a region’s susceptibility to disasters, one may wish to consider the following:
• Identify disaster events unique to the region.
• Is there a particular season when these events occur?
• What is the frequency and severity of these events?
• What does the historical record demonstrate about these events?
• Review insurance policies for coverage of these events. Consider both property damage
and loss of business coverage.
• What is the best local source for information regarding these events in the region?
• Does the local Emergency Management office have a checklist to aide in the preparation
for these events?
• Does one have unique experience in dealing with these events?
The majority of the information collected for this paper is based upon my personal experiences
and the experiences of the Commission. I have been the Director of the Wilmington Regional
Film Commission, Inc. for ten years. In this capacity, I have been involved with assisting
productions with hurricane preparedness and marketing the region under these conditions. Prior
to working at the Commission, I was a location manager in the southeastern United States for
fourteen years. In this capacity, I had the opportunity to work with various film commissions
while employed by productions during hurricane activity.
STORM AWAREESS
In 2005, as the result of a new film incentive program, Louisiana became a popular location for
filming.
Even though Louisiana is a coastal state in the North Atlantic hurricane zone,
production companies did not seem concerned with the potential of hurricane activity; however,
with the landfall of Hurricane Katrina at New Orleans, Louisiana in August 2005, the film
production industry became immediately aware of the effects of hurricanes. Hurricane Katrina
was the first time that multiple production companies were simultaneously affected by a
hurricane and required to relocate to another city or state. Hurricane Katrina was a category 3
hurricane, but what made it unique in its destruction was the location where it made landfall.
New Orleans is a city with a considerable amount of developed land at or below sea-level which
resulted in massive amounts of flooding. If the same storm had made landfall in Wilmington,
NC instead of New Orleans, the results would not have been the same due to the higher elevation
in Wilmington.
But regardless, the results of Hurricane Katrina in Louisiana created the
perception that all hurricanes will have the same results. Therefore, we at the Wilmington
3
Regional Film Commission have to be prepared to address the concerns, both real and perceived,
of productions shooting or considering shooting in our region during hurricane season.
The word “hurricane” is an unpleasant word to some individuals. To those residing in the
potential hurricane prone region of North Carolina, the word “hurricane” evokes no more fear
than the words “earthquake, tornado, mudslide, wildfire, or blizzard” do to individuals residing
in the corresponding regions where these events occur. These natural disasters are inherent in
certain geographic regions; however, they do not have to govern one’s life in these areas. Yet, it
is of great importance that individuals living in these areas be cognizant of the annual cycle
during which the possibility of these events occurs.
REASOS FOR COCER
There are a number of reasons for productions to be concerned about these storms. The most
important reason is the potential for personal danger. Many individuals, including myself, who
have been through a category one or two hurricane believe that the experience was not that bad
and that they would remain in the area for another storm of this intensity if necessary. However,
most folks who have been through a major hurricane (category three or higher) say that next time
a warning is issued for a category 3 or higher storm, they will heed the warning and take
precautionary measures, including evacuation. Let me state that my experiences relayed in this
paper are based upon my involvement with storms that were a category 3 or less in intensity.
Storms that are a category 4 or 5 are rare in occurrence but exponentially much greater in their
potential for damage. History demonstrates that a storm of this intensity will have far greater
impact than what is discussed in this paper. Regardless, the knowledge of how to respond to the
situation and how to be responsible for the client or the guest remains applicable.
The second reason for a production to be concerned about these storms is for the sake of the
production itself. Without proper planning, a production can suffer from significant loss and
inconvenience. Permanent businesses located in the region (just like individuals) have proper
storm plans in place to address procedures in the event of a hurricane. However, production
companies (much like tourists) are often unprepared and need proper guidance in addressing this
once-in-a-lifetime event for them. The issue for the production staff is where to turn for reliable
information without the hype and sensationalism associated with these events. This is where the
4
Film Commission can offer assistance. The Film Commission can filter the information and help
interpret it for those experiencing their first hurricane.
Hurricanes deliver two challenges to a film commission.
The first challenge involves the
logistical issues for a production associated with the preparation for a storm and the curtailment
of business activities. On the surface this may appear to be more of an issue for the actual
production being directly affected; however, one must understand that the production will go
straight to the film commission for advice and assistance. Since the film commission will be the
production’s local point of contact, it will be expected of the commission to know how to handle
the situation. A production is a guest in the community, and as such, will expect help and
guidance throughout the process. Lack of leadership demonstrated by the commission in this
situation will be remembered by the production and shared with future productions,
unfortunately scarring the commission’s reputation. The second challenge which more directly
affects the film commission is the perception of a disaster event created by media sensationalism.
This challenge will haunt one long after the event is gone. The goal of this paper is to define the
role of the film commission in aiding productions with logistics during a potential hurricane
event and the role of the film commission in countering media sensationalism created by the
event.
Living in a post-Katrina world, most studios and insurance companies require productions to
address hurricane preparedness when filming is planned in a hurricane prone zone during the
hurricane season. One issue which will be addressed during this early stage of planning a
production is insurance. Productions quickly learn what is covered and what is not covered as it
relates to hurricanes. There is a myth in the production industry that insurance companies will
not allow a production to work in a hurricane zone during hurricane season. This is not true;
however, insurance companies make it very clear that damage due to wind, rising water or delays
are not covered under normal production insurance policies and that additional insurance must be
purchased for these events to be covered. This position by the insurance industry has always
been in effect but was previously ignored by productions due to lack of storm occurrence and
experience. (Wells, 2009)
For the purpose of this discussion, the storm classification of “tropical storm” will be
synonymous with the classification of “hurricane”. There is only one mile-per-hour in wind
5
speed separating the two classifications and one must not downplay the potential effects of a
tropical storm only because “it is not a hurricane”. (Appendix II contains additional information
regarding: types of tropical weather systems, weather notifications, and storm strength.)
STORM PREPARATIO
The unique thing about a hurricane is that as it slowly approaches, its’ path, intensity, and
potential for damage can be quantified. To individuals in its path, this provides a certain
advantage. Most other potential disasters happen unexpectedly or with little advance notice;
however, the predictability of hurricanes allows one to be proactive in making preparations as
opposed to being reactive to the destruction.
(Appendix III contains specific Hurricane
Guidelines addressing what to do before, during, and after the storm)
The Atlantic hurricane season is officially from June 1 through November 30 with the peak
occurring during September. Annually as the season approaches, the WRFC staff updates its
contacts used to communicate with local authorities and reviews the websites that it uses to
monitor these events. Most of this information has not been used in approximately nine months
and needs to be verified for accuracy. The best websites I have found for monitoring hurricane
activity
in
the
Wilmington
area
are:
(1)Weather
Underground
(www.wunderground.com/tropical - good graphics and detailed information in a user-friendly
format), (2)Weather Channel (www.weatherchannel.com - used by general population for
information so it is a good way to monitor what people around the country are hearing about the
storm), (3)National Hurricane Center (www.nhc.noaa.gov - official federal government source
for information),
(4)WECT (www.wect.com - local television), and (5)WWAY-TV3
(www.wwaytv3.com - local television).
Most storms that the Commission tracks never develop into an event but are yet another chance
for the Commission to practice and perfect its emergency plan. After most of these events, the
Commission finds that its efforts were merely part of another “fire drill”. However, each drill
further prepares the Commission for a real threat. The Commission never becomes complacent,
not knowing until it has started the process whether its plan will be fully implemented or not.
Each storm is a potential reality for the Commission and is treated as such.
6
If productions are in town during the hurricane season, the Commission advises them on the
increased level of awareness regarding weather. The Commission lets productions know that
hurricanes are a fact of working in the region and are not to be ignored completely. The message
the Commission conveys is that the production staff needs to focus its efforts on the production
at hand and rely on the Commission to keep it posted on any weather updates that may affect the
production.
Lastly, but most importantly as a part of preparation, the Commission monitors the weather
daily; however, it is important not to get too focused on the weather forecast, or a particular
storm, too soon. These storms typically originate far from land and are anywhere from a few
days to two weeks or more away from even the possibility of affecting the United States. At the
early stage of the storm, the ability to predict “if, where, and when” regarding the storm’s
landfall is impossible. In most cases, once a storm shows a path toward the southeastern United
States, the storm is still several days away from potentially impacting our region. But with more
advanced notice one can implement better plans. This state of monitoring the weather and
maintaining a basic level of awareness is where the Commission finds itself for the remainder of
the summer until a storm system develops.
A STORM DEVELOPS
If a storm system begins to develop, it is first categorized by the National Weather Service as an
“invest” and given a number (ex: Invest #5). An “invest” is something that the Commission
reviews once per day. Part of the review process is to know where the disturbance is located. If
the disturbance has originated near the West coast of Africa, (a typical place of origin for storms)
it may be two weeks away from potentially impacting the mainland United States. However, if
the disturbance is near the southeastern Atlantic coast of the United States, it could develop into
a Tropical Storm or a category one hurricane in less than twenty-four hours. Therefore, more
importantly than when it develops is where it develops.
If the disturbance continues to develop, it will be upgraded to the following levels: Tropical
Disturbance, Tropical Storm, and Hurricane (catagories 1 – 5). It is important to remember that
there is only one mile-per-hour difference in wind speed separating each storm category from the
next. Therefore, there is a small amount of difference in the physical effects of a strong tropical
7
storm or a weak category one hurricane; however, there is great amount of difference in the
psychological effects between the two storms. It is impossible to notice the actual difference in
the effects of a tropical storm with 74 mph wind or a hurricane with 75 mph wind; however the
media coverage will vary greatly depending upon whether the storm develops into an actual
hurricane.
As the storm continues to develop, it is imperative to monitor the intensity and the location of the
storm. A storm forecast that is projecting three to five days into the future has a margin of error
of 300 – 500 miles. That equates to the distance between Jacksonville, Florida and Wilmington,
North Carolina. This distance is the difference between having a direct hit by the storm or not
even knowing the storm exists. At this point it is important to monitor the storm closely, but not
get overly excited as there are many factors affecting the storm. The news outlets know that
these storms translate into viewers, thus, they quickly began to turn the storm into a story, before
one exists, which only adds to the hype.
Once a storm develops into a hurricane, the National Weather Service provides updates every
three hours. If the storm’s five-day projected path intersects the United States coastline, then the
Commission begins to monitor the three-hour updates. If the Wilmington region has entered into
the five-day forecast, then the Commission begins to communicate with area productions
regarding their plans.
In most cases, productions in Wilmington employ crews comprised of seventy to ninety percent
local people, including department heads and production staff. These are seasoned folks who
have been through these hurricane drills in previous years and know how to prepare for them.
The Commission’s main job is to inform the non-locals (primarily producers and key production
staff) and the executives with the studio back in Los Angeles about the actual events in
Wilmington as opposed to what they may see or hear in the media.
As the storm approaches it may be determined that the production needs to start preparing its’
exterior locations and equipment for the possibility of excessive wind and rain. This can be as
simple as removing set dressing from a porch to boarding up windows that may be vulnerable to
flying debris. Most movie equipment and set pieces are installed in a temporary fashion and will
8
not withstand sustained winds of tropical storm intensity or greater. The local crew who have
been through this experience previously are extremely beneficial in this preparation process.
Another determination for the production is whether or not to relocate the non-local crew away
from the immediate coast or to another city further inland from the coast. Since the region has
great short-term accommodations available at the beach, this is a favorite place for the non-locals
to stay; however, even a small storm may require evacuation from the beach itself to a hotel in
Wilmington, just five to ten miles inland. Bigger storms may require evacuation to a city two
hours inland (which is extremely rare). The Commission’s help may be needed in securing
accommodations with short notice.
The Commission also coordinates with the City of Wilmington film permit office which has a
clause in its Filming Guidelines regarding cancelling film permits in the event of a natural
disaster. If a storm is projected to make landfall within 24 hours, then the City will suspend
filming permits until further notice. Permits are typically reinstated as soon after a storm as the
city can determine that the streets are safe for traffic. Historically, filming permits have only
been suspended for 24 hours allowing for minimal disruption to productions. (City of
Wilmington Film Guidelines)
One of the Commission’s responsibilities is to collect supporting documentation such as
emergency notifications issued by local and state authorities. These documents are needed by
the production if an insurance claim is submitted. As a storm develops, the Commission begins
to keep a file for that storm with all predictions and updates.
The Commission is also on the
emergency notification list for the county’s Department of Emergency Management. As a result,
the Commission receives all County government notices and is invited to all County emergency
meetings. Participation in these meetings allows the Commission to have first hand information
as decisions are made regarding school and business closings, voluntary/mandatory evacuations,
bridge/street closings, highway lane reversals, and curfew implementation. By learning this
information before it is released to the media, the Commission can alert the productions to the
latest updates regarding storm preparations. These emergency meetings are attended by all
locally elected municipal leaders, law enforcement officials, school administrators, state
department of transportation officials, and media outlets. These meetings give the Commission
access to the local leaders and their decisions. It is extremely beneficial to call a production from
9
one of those meetings with specific first-hand knowledge that has not yet been released to the
public.
Even though the information may not be what the production wants to hear, the
Commission can demonstrate its concern and ability to assist by providing information quickly
to the production.
As part of the preparation for a pending storm the production’s staff needs to determine where
the production will film immediately after the storm. After the storm passes, clear blue skies will
occur for several days. However, due to the potential for sound from generators, clean-up crews,
power company equipment, and the visual disturbance of debris, it will be necessary to have a
cover-set planned. The cover-set needs to be an interior location or stage set. In addition to
noise concerns after the storm there may be difficulties with parking for equipment trucks since
streets may be partially blocked with debris.
Another pre-storm consideration is to make sure that the production’s office remains operable
since this will become the center of activity and communication after the storm. In Wilmington,
NC, most productions are based at EUE Screen Gems Studios. The studio management provides
back-up generators for the production offices to maintain power, phones, and internet in the
event that power is interrupted. The studio will also allow the productions to park all production
vehicles inside of empty stages for protection. If productions have sets on stages, the studio also
provides back-up generators for these facilities to allow filming to resume immediately after the
storm if the production is not able to return to location filming.
LADFALL
Once all preparations for the landfall of the storm are complete, it is important to remain indoors
for reasons of safety and wait for the storm to pass. Non-locals are always fascinated to witness
a storm which will most likely be a once-in-a-lifetime event for them. Do not be fooled by
periods of calm during a storm. Remember that storm prediction is not an exact science and
conditions can change rapidly. Conditions vary geographically and periodically during a storm.
The main dangers of venturing out on foot or in vehicle during a storm are flying debris, rising
water from creeks, sounds, and ponds, downed trees, downed electrical lines and traffic
accidents. Often emergency services are suspended during the storm for fear of the responders
being hurt. Therefore, if one ventures out and develops problems, there will be no emergency
10
responders to render aide. Even after the storm has passed, the dangers previously mentioned
still exist. Local government officials and the media will advise when it is safe to venture out.
These storms are certainly fascinating, but the potential for danger is not to be taken lightly.
Previously, productions have requested permission to take a camera and a small crew out during
the storm in order to obtain footage. Most times productions have no need for the footage for
their current project, they just think it is a great opportunity to obtain storm footage for an
unknown future use.
For obvious reasons, official permission cannot be provided for this
request.
STORM RESPOSE
After a storm has passed, the Commission assists the production’s staff in returning to work as
quickly as possible. The first step in this process is assessing any damage to production related
sets or locations. If new locations need to be found or if problems exist with current locations,
the Commission assists in resolving these issues. Once a production has determined its’ options
for continuing work, the Commission assists in coordinating with the local authorities to get the
necessary permissions for any location filming to resume.
There are many official terms related to hurricane preparedness (voluntary, mandatory, watch,
warning, evacuation, state of emergency) which to the uninformed can sound much more
ominous than reality. One example of the above is the term, “state of emergency”. This official
declaration is merely an action taken by a governing authority in advance of a storm which
allows certain preparations to take place and rules to be activated. After a storm, regardless of
how minor, the “state of emergency” declaration remains in effect until all assessments and
reports have been completed by government agencies in case any follow up action is required.
The mental image of a “state of emergency” can be worse than the actual conditions that exist.
On one occasion, a production working in the Wilmington region consulted with its’ legal and
risk management staff and decided that with a state of emergency declaration in place, it could
not direct its’ employees to return to work. However, children were back in school and normal
activities in the community had resumed. The Commission had to make sure that the executives
in Los Angeles understood the reasons that the production chose not to return to work even
though kids were in school. The effects of the storm (or lack of) had no bearing on the decision
to return to work.
The perception was that conditions must be bad if there is a state of
11
emergency in effect. In cases such as this the Commission can communicate with the risk
management department and provide necessary documentation from local authorities stating that
it is safe for work to resume.
Once a production has determined for itself that work may resume, there can remain issues
which need to be addressed. The presence of a film crew in an area after a storm can be
considered insensitive by some business or home owners.
While residents in a neighborhood
are repairing houses, cleaning yards, or waiting for power, the work of a film crew can be seen as
having fun. People still do not view film production as “work” or “a job”. While most
companies perform their work in private, production companies filming on location can be
outside in neighborhoods or business districts where the public can see their every action.
Productions have big generators making electricity, crew members eating craft service while
walking down the street, and caterers preparing filet mignon and grouper for lunch.
The
Commission suggests that productions be sensitive to their surroundings when returning to
locations for filming. The Commission works with the neighborhoods, the town and the media to
tell the real story involving jobs and expenditures in the local community. The production
company is like any other local business: if the production cannot resume work immediately it
cannot provide employment or spend money with local businesses. A production not returning
to work quickly will also hamper the Commission’s efforts to recruit future productions. The
community needs to show that it is sensitive and appreciates the production for the benefits it
provides.
Another issue for productions when they return to work is the “vegetative debris piles” that begin
to appear on every street. This is a result of every tree in the area simultaneously losing a
percentage of its leaves or needles at the same time. Because of the volume of debris to be
removed, the sanitation department is overwhelmed and may take several weeks to remove these
piles. This can cause difficulty for productions when shooting exterior locations on a street. In
this situation, the presence of a production in a neighborhood can be beneficial.
The
Commission will work with the city to get certain streets where filming is occurring cleaned up
quickly. If this cannot be arranged quickly, then the production will hire a contractor to remove
the vegetative debris piles, leaving the neighborhood street and yards clean. This cleanup effort
goes a long way toward maintaining a good relationship with a neighborhood. If many houses
12
are going to be seen on film, the homeowners actually become the beneficiaries of the production
which pays for the complete cleaning of the yards (including removing downed trees if
necessary) and conducting minor repairs.
At the onset of a hurricane prediction, the focus of the media seems to be on the exact location
where the eye of the storm will make landfall. However, it is important to recognize that
hurricane force winds may extend up to one-hundred miles out from the center of the storm, thus
the exact point of landfall for the storm can be irrelevant to the planning process and the actual
event. The only significant difference in a hurricane making landfall in one’s community or not
is that the location where the storm does make landfall becomes synonymous with the storm and
is used in every news report thereafter. If the storm were to make landfall in Myrtle Beach,
South Carolina (approximately sixty miles south of Wilmington), the physical effects from the
storm in Wilmington could be the same as if it made landfall in Wilmington, however;
Wilmington is now spared being the focus of the ensuing news stories and negative publicity that
is generated by these events.
MEDIA SESATIOALISM
For the Film Commission, probably one of the biggest concerns is the negative publicity which a
storm can generate even when there is little physical damage. As mentioned earlier, from a
practical perspective, it may not matter if the storm hits Wilmington, North Carolina or Myrtle
Beach, South Carolina.
However, the spot designated as “landfall” will suffer the added
consequences of media exposure and the designation in the records as having a storm (or a strike
against it). The storm can actually be small with minimal damage but the effects of the media
can make it appear to be major with lasting effects. Hurricanes have turned into media events
partially because of their predictability and duration. They can deliver an amount of viewers to
media outlets for a certain amount of time as the storm continues its slow march forward,
sometimes even stalling and adding to the drama. The Weather Channel and other outlets will
begin wall-to-wall coverage as the event intensifies. The real insult is when the live reports start
from one’s community. At that point, the community is seen as having a bull’s eye on it, even if
the storm does not hit.
13
The Wilmington Regional Film Commission sees the need to be proactive in the wake of these
storms with its marketing by having historical knowledge and accurate information to dispel
myths regarding hurricanes. The Commission has seen times when clients in Los Angeles are
viewing The Weather Channel, believing that Wilmington is getting blown off the map when in
fact the Commission’s office is open and productions are working. Unfortunately one lives in
the world of “perception is reality”. The media is typically looking for a significant weather
event and is disappointed in anything less. The Commission stresses that most times, the reality
is less than the perception. When the Commission meets with clients who wish to discuss past
hurricanes, they may ask, “Didn’t you get hit by a hurricane last year?” Typically the clients are
thinking of the kind of damage seen on TV in storms like Katrina. This questioning provides the
opportunity to set the record straight and make sure the client understands the reality of what
happened and how the commission handled it positively.
During these storms, the internet can be a useful tool both to the Commission and its clients. The
clients can obtain live information regarding the current situation.
Unfortunately, like the
Weather Channel effect, this information may be sensationalized for effect. The result being that
the client remembers that another storm is heading for Wilmington.
Conversely, the
Commission tries to use the internet and the phone to its advantage by communicating with
potential clients during the event. The Commission will reach out to individuals on its client list
and surprise them with a call or email. The clients typically do not expect to hear from the
Commission because they believe the community has sustained damage and is temporarily out of
order. This communication can initiate conversation which gives the Commission an opportunity
to assure the client that everything is fine and productions are continuing to work in Wilmington.
Hopefully, the call will surprise the client and be something that the client remembers. If the
Commission is at work and continuing its efforts to recruit productions, then the Commission
can reassure clients that regardless of what they are seeing or hearing through the media, that
business is resuming as normal.
In addition to the internet, the Commission closely monitors the national media outlets to
ascertain what news is being reported about the region. As previously mentioned, the media will
typically look for the worst damage to report. It is extremely important for the Commission to
know what its clients are learning from the media so the Commission knows how to respond.
14
Often times, the most severe damages are isolated to the beach communities; however, the
majority of filming does not take place in these communities. The stories in the media will give
the impression that the whole region is damaged to the same level as the beachfront
communities.
If the Commission knows what is being reported through the media, the
Commission can respond with factual information about the situation, as opposed to sounding
like the Commission is just trying to deny the obvious.
COCLUSIO
After the storm season is completed in the fall each year, the Commission reviews the storm
events and its response to each. In reviewing any response plan, one determines what actions
need improvement and what actions were successful. In addition to learning what improvements
can be made in the plan to assist those on the ground locally, the Commission needs to know
what the clients’ reactions were to its response. Did the productions get the assistance they
needed? Did they feel supported through the process?
During the coming months, the storm will remain fresh in people’s memory and it will become
synonymous with the point of landfall. Have the clients heard that everything is fine? Have the
clients heard that local filming has been shut down? The Commission needs to know what folks
are really thinking. When speaking with clients, invariably the question will arise, “what can
you tell me about hurricane season?” It is imperative to be proactive in responding to these
questions by providing authentic data.
This approach helps to diminish some of the
sensationalized media surrounding storms in the area. Additionally, providing this information
helps to develop a level of trust between potential productions and the WRFC. Because the
Commission does have experience with predicted storms and actual landfalls, the Commission is
probably better prepared than many other commissions that may experience this or other events.
Through experience, the Wilmington Regional Film Commission, Inc. has learned the value of
having a hurricane plan in place. The plan has created for the Commission a sense of awareness
which keeps our skills honed and ready. The plan also has created a level of professionalism in
assuring our clients that the Commission is experienced. The Commission assists productions in
planning before a storm hits. The Commission assists productions in returning to work. The
15
Commission markets the region understanding the negative stigma associated with being in the
hurricane zone.
The Commission continues to remain vigilant and observant each year and will continue to
prepare for the potential arrival of an uninvited guest each year. The good news is that it will not
be a surprise. It will be an expected and predictable guest for whose arrival the Wilmington
Regional Film Commission has prepared and rehearsed each year.
Works Cited
City of Wilmington Film Guidelines. (n.d.). Retrieved May 1, 2009, from City of Wilmington /
Film Services: http://www.wilmingtonnc.gov/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=SbOtS1proA%3d&tabid=204&mid=768
Family Disaster Plan. (n.d.). Retrieved September 19, 2009, from New Hanover County
Government: http://www.nhcgov.com/AgnAndDpt/EMNG/Pages/FamilyDisasterPlan.aspx
Glossary of &HC Terms. (2009, June 17). Retrieved July 1, 2009, from National Weather
Service / National Hurricane Center: www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutgloss.shtml
Hurricane Information. (n.d.). Retrieved September 19, 2009, from New Hanover County
Government: http://www.nhcgov.com/AgnAndDpt/EMNG/Pages/Hurricanes.aspx
&ational Weather Service. (n.d.). Retrieved July 1, 2009, from National Hurricane Center /
Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale: www.nhc.noaa.gov/HAW2/english/basics/saffir_simpson.shtml
Wells, S. (2009, April 15). Vice President of Commercial Insurance, Harold W. Wells and Son
Insurance Co. (J. Griffin, Interviewer)
16
APPEDIX I
The core message of the Community and Family Preparedness Program is the Family Disaster
Plan -- four steps people can take to prepare for any type of disaster. Where will your family be
when disaster strikes? They could be anywhere - at work, school or in the car. How will you find
each other? Will you know if your children are safe?
Disasters can strike quickly and without warning. It can force you to evacuate your
neighborhood or confine you to your home. What would you do if basic services - water, gas,
electricity or telephones were cut off? Local officials and relief workers will be on the scene after
a disaster, but they cannot reach everyone right away. Families can, and do, cope with disaster by
preparing in advance and working together as a team. Follow the steps listed to create your
family's disaster plan. Knowing what to do is your best protection and your responsibility:
Find out what types of disasters are most likely to occur in your community and how to prepare
for them.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Request information on how to prepare for each disaster (you may contact your local
emergency management office).
Learn about your community's warning systems: what they sound like and what you
should do when you hear them.
Learn about animal care. Your pet is a part of your family. Make sure you have a disaster
plan for your pets.
Find out about disaster plans at your workplace, your children's school or daycare center
and other places where your family spends time.
Contacting your local emergency management office or American Red Cross chapter for
information and guidelines is a good way to get started.
Hold a family meeting and discuss why you need to prepare for disaster. Explain the
dangers of disaster to your children. Plan to work as a team.
Discuss the types of disasters that are most likely to happen. Explain what to do in each
case.
Pick two places to meet: 1. Right outside your home in case of a sudden emergency, like
a fire. 2. Outside your neighborhood in case you cannot return home. (Everyone must
know the address and phone number.)
Ask an out-of state friend to be your "family contact". After a disaster, it is often easier to
call long distance. Other family members should call this person and tell them where they
are. Everyone must know your contact's phone number.
Discuss what to do in an evacuation. Plan how to take care of your pets.
Pet Information
Families should get together to talk about the steps they'll take to be ready when disaster happens
in their community.
17
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Post emergency telephone numbers by phones (fire, police, ambulance, etc.).
Teach children how and when to call 911 for help.
Show each family member how and when to turn off the water, gas and electricity at the
main switches.
Keep necessary tools near gas and water shut-off valves. Remember, turn off the utilities
only if you suspect the lines are damaged or if you are instructed to do so. If you turn the
gas off, you will need a professional to turn it back on.
Check if you have adequate insurance coverage.
Teach each family member how to use the fire extinguisher, and where it is kept.
Install smoke detectors on each level of your home, especially near bedrooms.
Conduct a home hazard hunt.
During a disaster, ordinary objects in your home can cause injury or damage. Anything
than can move, fall, break or cause a fire is a home hazard. For example, a hot water
heater or a bookshelf can fall. Inspect your home at least once a year and fix potential
hazards. Contact your local fire department to learn about home fire hazards.
•
•
•
•
•
Stock emergency supplies and assemble a Disaster Supplies Kit.
Take a class from the American Red Cross on first aid and CPR.
Determine the best escape routes from your home. Find two ways out of each room.
Learn location of all Emergency Shelters that might be opened in the event of a disaster.
Find the safe spots in your home for each type of disaster.
The final step emphasizes the need to practice the plan on a regular basis so family members will
remember what to do when disaster strikes.
•
•
•
•
•
Quiz your children every six months so they remember what to do.
Conduct fire and emergency evacuation drills.
Replace stored water every three months and stored food every six months.
Test and recharge your fire extinguishers according to manufacturer's instructions.
Test your smoke detectors monthly and change the batteries at least once a year.
(Family Disaster Plan)
18
APPEDIX II
TYPES OF TROPICAL WEATHER SYSTEMS
Invest:
A weather system for which a tropical cyclone forecast center is interested in
collecting specialized data sets and/or running model guidance. Once a system has
been designated as an invest, data collection and processing is initiated on a
number of government and academic web sites, including the Naval Research
Laboratory (NRL) and the University of Wisconsin Cooperative Institute for
Meteorological Satellite Studies (UW-CIMSS). The designation of a system as an
invest does not correspond to any particular likelihood of development of the
system into a tropical cyclone.
Tropical Disturbance:
A discrete tropical weather system of apparently organized convection -generally 100 to 300 nmi in diameter -- originating in the tropics or subtropics,
having a nonfrontal migratory character, and maintaining its identity for 24 hours
or more. It may or may not be associated with a detectable perturbation of the
wind field.
Tropical Depression:
A tropical cyclone in which the maximum sustained surface wind speed (using the
U.S. 1-minute average) is 33 kt (38 mph or 62 km/hr) or less.
Tropical Storm:
A tropical cyclone in which the maximum sustained surface wind speed (using the
U.S. 1-minute average) ranges from 34 kt (39 mph or 63 km/hr) to 63 kt (73 mph
or 118 km/hr).
Hurricane:
A tropical cyclone in which the maximum sustained surface wind (using the U.S.
1-minute average) is 64 kt (74 mph or 119 km/hr) or more. The term hurricane is
used for Northern Hemisphere tropical cyclones east of the International Dateline
to the Greenwich Meridian. The term typhoon is used for Pacific tropical cyclones
north of the Equator west of the International Dateline.
WEATHER OTIFICATIOS
Tropical Storm/Hurricane Warning:
A warning that sustained winds within the range of 34 to 63 kt (39 to 73 mph or
63 to 118 km/hr) for a Tropical Storm or sustained winds of 64 kt (74 mph 119
19
km/hr) or higher for a Hurricane are expected in a specified coastal area within 24
hours or less.
Tropical Storm/Hurricane Watch:
An announcement for specific coastal areas that tropical storm/hurricane
conditions are possible within 36 hours. (Glossary of NHC Terms, 2009)
STORM STREGTH
Tropical Storm - winds 39-73 mph
Category 1 Hurricane - winds 74-95 mph (64-82 kt)
No real damage to buildings. Damage to unanchored mobile homes. Some
damage to poorly constructed signs. Also, some coastal flooding and minor pier
damage.
Category 2 Hurricane — winds 96-110 mph (83-95 kt)
Some damage to building roofs, doors and windows. Considerable damage to
mobile homes. Flooding damages piers and small craft in unprotected moorings
may break their moorings. Some trees blown down.
Category 3 Hurricane — winds 111-130 mph (96-113 kt)
Some structural damage to small residences and utility buildings. Large trees
blown down. Mobile homes and poorly built signs destroyed. Flooding near the
coast destroys smaller structures with larger structures damaged by floating
debris. Terrain may be flooded well inland.
Category 4 Hurricane — winds 131-155 mph (114-135 kt)
More extensive curtainwall failures with some complete roof structure failure on
small residences. Major erosion of beach areas. Terrain may be flooded well
inland.
Category 5 Hurricane — winds 156 mph and up (135+ kt)
Complete roof failure on many residences and industrial buildings. Some
complete building failures with small utility buildings blown over or away.
Flooding causes major damage to lower floors of all structures near the shoreline.
Massive evacuation of residential areas may be required. (National Weather
Service)
20
APPEDIX III
Hurricane Information
A hurricane is a type of tropical cyclone-the general term for all circulating weather systems
(counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere) over tropical waters. Tropical cyclones are
classified as:
Tropical Depression - An organized system of clouds and thunderstorms
with a defined circulation and maximum sustained winds of 38 mph (33
knots) or less.
Tropical Storm - An organized system of strong thunderstorms with a
defined circulation and maximum sustained winds of 39 to 73 mph (34-63
knots).
Hurricane - An intense tropical weather system with a well defined
circulation and maximum sustained winds of 74 mph (64 knots) or
higher. In the Western Pacific, hurricanes are called "typhoons", and
similar storms in the Indian Ocean are called "cyclones".
Hurricanes can be dangerous killers. The damaging effects of a hurricane are not confined only
to the area around the center (eye wall). Spiral bands of showers and thunderstorms rotate
counter-clockwise around the center of the hurricane (the eye). These bands may extend outward
for hundreds of miles, bringing tropical storm force winds and heavy rains to an area several
hours before the center comes ashore. Learning the hurricane warning messages and planning
ahead can reduce chances of injury or major property damage.
There are many low-cost mitigation measures you can take to protect yourself, your home, and
your property from losses. (Before you begin your work, make sure you will do it right and
contact your local building official!)
•
•
Know the hurricane risks for your area. Find out if your home is subject to storm surge
flooding.
Inspect your property for potential problems that may arise during a hurricane. Trim back
dead branches from trees, and take note of any objects that may become airborne during
high winds.
21
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Consider installing permanent protection for your windows. Hurricane shutters offer
excellent protection, but marine plywood panels of ½ inch thickness may be a more
feasible form of window protection during a weather emergency.
Learn how to install the panels and be sure to mark which panels will go where when
needed.
If you own a boat, plan ahead where you will put it in case of a weather emergency.
Investigate flood insurance. Your insurance agent can inform you about the National
Flood Insurance Program.
Inventory your property by making a list, taking photographs, or making a video. Store
records in a secure, dry place like your safety deposit box.
Create a Family Disaster Plan and make sure family members know what to do.
Assemble a Disaster Supply Kit. Plan your evacuation route.
Learn Locations of Emergency Shelters.
Make arrangements for Pets. Emergency Shelters do not take pets.
Make the commitment now to evacuate when told to do so by local officials.
Listen to a local radio or television station for official announcements issued from your
Emergency Management Office.
Know the different strengths of the hurricane (Saffir-Simpson Scale):
Know the difference between a "hurricane watch" and a "hurricane warning."
Hurricane Watch: A hurricane watch is issued when there is a threat of
hurricane conditions within 24-36 hours. When a hurricane watch is issued,
stay tuned to television or radio for official bulletins of the hurricane's
progress. If evacuation has not already been recommended or ordered,
consider leaving early to avoid traffic. Remember that weather conditions will
deteriorate quickly as the hurricane approaches.
Hurricane Warning: A hurricane warning is issued when hurricane
conditions (winds of 74 miles per hour or greater, or dangerously high water
and rough seas) are expected in 24 hours or less.
When a Hurricane Watch is Issued for Your Area . . .
22
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Listen to local officials
Check often for official bulletins on radio, TV, or NOAA Weather Radio frequency
162.550 MHz
Fuel Car
Check mobile Home tie-downs
Moor small craft or move to safe shelter
Stock up on canned food
Check supplies of special medicines and drugs
Check radio, flashlight batteries, manual can opener
Secure lawn furniture and other loose material outdoors
Tape, board, or shutter windows to prevent shattering
Wedge sliding glass doors to prevent lifting from their tracks
Turn refrigerator and freezer to coldest settings. Open only when absolutely necessary
and close quickly
Review evacuation plan
When a Hurricane Warning is issued for your area . . .
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Listen to local officials
Stay tuned to radio, TV, or NOAA Weather Radio for official bulletins
Board up garage and porch doors
Move valuables to upper floors
Bring in pets
Fill clean containers with several days supply of drinking water
Turn up refrigerator to maximum cold and don't open unless necessary
Use phone only for emergencies
Stay indoors on the downwind side of house away from windows
Beware of the eye of the hurricane
Leave mobile homes
Leave areas which might be affected by storm tide or stream flooding
Leave early - in daylight if possible
Shut off water and electricity at main stations
Take small valuables and papers but travel light
Leave food and water for pets (shelters will not take them)
Lock up house
Drive carefully to nearest designated shelter using recommended evacuation routes
Avoid elevators
If officials indicate evacuation is necessary . . .
•
•
•
•
•
Leave as soon as possible.
Avoid flooded roads and watch for washed out bridges.
Secure you home by unplugging appliances and turning off electricity and the main water
valve.
Tell someone outside of the storm area where you are going.
If time permits, elevate furniture to protect it from flooding.
23
•
•
•
Bring pre-assembled emergency supplies and warm protective clothing.
Take blankets and sleeping bags to the shelter.
Lock up house and leave.
If at home
•
•
•
•
•
Stay inside, away from windows, skylights and glass doors.
Store drinking water in clean bathtubs, jugs, bottles and cooking utensils.
Keep a supply of flashlights and extra batteries handy. Avoid open flames, such as
candles and kerosene lamps, as a source of light.
If power is lost, turn off major appliances to reduce power "surge" when electricity is
restored.
Fill bath tubs with water that will not be used for drinking.
Beware of the "Eye"
When the storm center passes directly overhead, there is usually a lull that can last a few minutes
to more than half-an-hour. This calm is not a sign that the hurricane is over, but is most likely the
center or "eye" of the storm. In fact, the most intense part of a hurricane comes just before and
just after the eye has passed through an area.
Stay tuned to local radio for information
Return home only after an "all clear" is issued by authorities.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Avoid loose or dangling power lines and report them immediately to the power company,
police or fire department.
Enter the home with caution.
Beware of snakes, insects or animals driven to higher ground by flood water.
Open windows and doors to ventilate and dry home.
Check refrigerated foods for spoilage.
Do not drink the water. Eat only foods you are absolutely sure are safe.
Do not use candles for lighting.
Be extremely careful when using Generators. Read owners manual and adhere to all
safety precautions.
Be extremely careful when using Chainsaws. Read owners manual and adhere to all
safety precautions.
Use 911 for emergencies only. Remember that fire, rescue and police crews will be
overwhelmed with the recovery effort.
Do not burn any debris until permission is granted to do so by proper authorities.
Call your Insurance Company to file a claim if your home was damaged.
Ask your Insurance Company for financial help.
Listen to local radio stations for official disaster.
24
•
•
Remember: ITERSECTIOS WITH MALFUCTIOIG STOPLIGHTS MUST
BE TREATED AS A FOUR-WAY STOP.
Drive only if absolutely necessary and avoid flooded roads and washed out bridges.
In the Aftermath
Following a major hurricane, it may take several weeks to restore services and clear roads and
several months to remove all the debris from neighborhoods. Be patient and cooperate with
instructions and requests from authorities. Remember to stay clear of utility crews. They must
have a safe area to make repairs. Thank you!
(Hurricane Information)