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Right wing Germans believed the Army
had NOT lost WW1. They felt they had
been betrayed by the Weimar Republic
who overthrew the Monarchy (king)
and then signed the Armistice on
November 11 1918 leading to them
becoming known as …
“Germany should be brought to it’s knees so it can never start a war again!”
France wanted TOTAL destruction of Germany
Hate level – 10/10
DLG had a dilemma on how Germany should be treated.
1: The British Public wanted him to appear strong so he had to be forceful or he wouldn’t be re‐elected.
2: He was worried about the spread of Communism from Russia
and Germany would be a useful barrier in stopping it. Germany
couldn’t be so damaged that it might turn to Communism or seek revenge.
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Treaty of Versailles
• War Guilt Clause 231
Germany had to accept total blame for WW1
• £6.6b Reparations
Germany had to pay compensation to the allies
• Lost Territory
Alsace-Lorraine given back to France and lost
all of her Colonies in Africa
• Can’t join League of Nations
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• Army Restricted
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100,000 soldiers
• 6 Battleships
• No Submarines
• No Airforce
• Rhineland Demilitarised
Land next to France could have no
German military presence
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Woodrow Wilson
USA
David L. George
Britain
Georges Clemencau
FRANCE
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Spartacist Rising 1919
Left Wing – Communist Revolution
gang
Kapp Putsch 1920
Friekorps angry at being used
Munich Putsch 1923
Right Wing
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Summary
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8 marker
Badly planned, failed
in it’s aim
Banned from public
speaking until 1927
Hitler went to prison
Wrote Mein Kampf –
Millions read it (Publicity)
Hitler realised he would
Have to be elected (ballot not bullet)
Able to Plan his attack thoroughly -
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1923
LINK
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A year of crisis!
Invasion of the Ruhr
LINK
Hyperinflation
Munich Putsch
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SOURCES
Remember the provenance
Say what you see!!
Who is in it? who made it?
Why was it made?
What is the source? (photo, diary, video etc…)
What is it’s purpose? (persuade, attack
something etc…)
Where was it made? Where is it set?
When was it made? Before, during or
after event?
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In this poster there are French
soldiers telling a German worker to
pick up his tools and work. However,
the workers were asked by their
Government to stop working in an
attempt to stop the French taking
their materials and goods in the Ruhr
as Germany can’t pay the reparations
from Versailles.
The German Government still had to
pay the workers money in the strikes
to support their family. This became a
big problem as Germany had no money
anyway, and now with no work taking
place in Germany’s main Industrial
area, the Government was running out
of money FAST!!!
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Jewish / Weimar Politician
German Soldier fighting in WWI
Stabbing in the back.
November Criminals (politicians who signed the Armistice on 11.11.1918)
This relates to the signing of the Armistice (11.11.1918).
Many people in Germany believe that they had been Stabbed in the back by the new Government because they felt that the German army could still have won. They returned home with their weapons and fully equipped so the people didn’t understand why they had lost / surrendered.
Message is the Jews were responsible for the stabbing in the back and loss of the war.
Made by Germany
To show how unfair they viewed the Treaty
Provenance ‐ VITAL
From the German newspaper Kladderadatsch
(July 1919) <<< Same month as TofV
Britain & USA –
Why outside?
Germany
Georges Clemenceau (France) –
Why portrayed like this?
This relates to the Treaty of
Versailles. The French wanted a treaty
that would cripple Germany. Here
(France) are sucking the life out of
Germany as a Vampire. To the
Germans, the fact they had signed the
Treaty showed they were weak (or at
least the Weimar Republic were).
Army equipment links to limited soldiers, therefore can’t stop the death of
Germany
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David Lloyd George
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Georges Clemenceau
Woodrow Wilson
Germany
The source contains the Big 3. The weeping child is Germany. Germany is cowering in the corner like a naughty child and has now suffered a loss (TofV). Child has been stripped of clothes and possessions, like Germany had been stripped. “The class of 1940” shows when the child is old enough to fight he will want revenge. Also, he has thrown the Treaty on the floor because he knows he is the cannon fodder for another war in 20 years as a result of it.
Made in 1920 by an Australian – WHY? Significance of the date?
Treaty of Versailles
The peacemakers had a huge responsibility and the cartoon is rare because it gives some indication of what might happen in the future in the opinion of the cartoonist. It is a predictive cartoon rather than a cartoon about the past.
14
What is the link
between
unemployment
and votes for
extremist
parties?
6 MILLION is a key
12
Millions
10
8
figure to use in your
exam for
Unemployment in
1932
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6
4
2
0
1928
1929
1930
1931
Jan-32
Nov-32
Date
Nazi Party Votes
Communist Party Votes
Unemployed
VERY
IMPORTANT –
Desperate times
call for
Desperate
measures!!
EXTREMIST
PARTIES
1928 – 32
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ELECTION PROPAGANDA
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A Bad Year really!
Wall Street Crash (October)
LINK
Unemployment / Depression
Nazi’s get an opening
Death of Stresemann
Stresemann
Dawes Plan
1924
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Positives of Stresemann
Ended Hyperinflation – Got strikers in the Ruhr
back to work, introduced new currency, the
Rentenmark! Brought trust back to German
money leading to foreign trade again.
Locarno Treaty 1925 – Allowed Germany to
join the League of Nations in 1926, ending her
isolation in Europe and showing a
strengthening relationship with European
powers.
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Dawes Plan 1924 – Loans from
America to pay reparations and
rebuild Germany. A consequence of
the Invasion of the Ruhr.
Golden age of German cinema, Nightlife and
cabaret.
Removal of censorship
Improved reputation in Europe.
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Both the Nazis and the
Communists made little
progress in these years because
people were much better off and
their EXTREME ideas did not
appeal to people
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Negatives of Stresemann
Unemployment and poverty
still high
Growing prosperity based on USA
loans – What would happen if USA
wanted the money back?
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Negatives of Stresemann
Stresemann wasn’t popular with
either the extreme nationalists
like Hitler and the Nazis, or with
the Communists
Hitler disliked the League of
Nations because it supported the
Treaty of Versailles
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Wall Street Crash – Due to the
crash, USA demanded the loans
back from Germany which led to
the Depression. Industry failed and
unemployment rose dramatically.
Stresemann papered over the
cracks? No Backup plan!
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The Great
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Depression
Hitler’s Opportunity?
3 weeks after the Wall St. Crash,
Stresemann died. He was respected and
trusted despite not being prepared for
the crash. The world entered “The
Great Depression” Who could now lead
Germany? Unemployment high? People
fed up? Germany bankrupt?... EXTREMISTS
Hitler was a great leader:
• Great energy
• Charismatic and Inspirational
• Single minded
• BRILLIANT public speaker
• Captivating
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• Destroy Treaty of Versailles
• Only True Germans to be German – No
Jews, Gypsies etc…
• Non German Immigration stopped
• Take over Eastern Europe for “Living
Space”
• Death sentence for criminals against
Germany
• Abolish incomes not earned by work
• Change Education so pupils taught to
love Germany, Sport & Gym
compulsory.
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• Nazis got just 0.8m votes
• Doubled their members to 100,000
• People trust Stresemann and feel
things are improving.
• Nazis appeal was weak in 1928,
working classes voted for Communists
• TOO Extreme in 1928 (SA & Anti Jews)
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•
•
•
•
•
Ballot NOT Bullet
Public Meetings / Evening Classes
Propaganda
Swastika as their symbol
SA (Brown Shirts) Disrupt
meetings of opposition - Violently