Unit 12: Integrated Science
CHAPTER 5
ELEMENTS
• All ______________ are made up of substances called ____________. Most
materials, as we shall see later, are made up of ______ or more _______________
_______________ joined together. Some materials, however, are made up of only
_________ ________ ____ ___________.
• The ___________ in the example above are made up of ________ ___________
called __________ which are far ______ ________ for the eye to see. The atoms
found in each element are ___________ to that element as shown below.
• IRON, COPPER, MERCURY and HELIUM are ________ _____________
________ _________ _________.
Mr. J.Agius Personal Notes
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Unit 12: Integrated Science
The Periodic Table
• The ______________ _________ is a way of classifying the 100 or so elements in
existence.
• The elements are arranged in ___________ ____ ______________ _______
______ __________, starting with the lightest, _______________.
• Elements with ____________ _________________ are grouped together…
• Visit the site
http://www.webelements.com/
to find more information on these elements. Make
sure you make a copy of the periodic table.
Mr. J.Agius Personal Notes
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Unit 12: Integrated Science
Some Important Elements
• Hydrogen is the lightest element. It is by far the most abundant element in the
universe and makes up about 90% of the universe by weight. Hydrogen as water
(H2O) is absolutely essential to life and it is present in all organic compounds.
Hydrogen is the lightest gas. Hydrogen gas was used in lighter-than-air balloons
for transport but is far too dangerous because of the fire risk (Hindenburg). It
burns in air to form only water as waste product and if hydrogen could be made
on sufficient scale from other than fossil fuels then there might be a possibility of
a hydrogen economy.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Table: basic information about and classifications of hydrogen.
Name: Hydrogen
Symbol: H
Atomic number: 1
Atomic weight: 1.00794 (7)
Standard state: gas at 298 K
Colour: colourless
Classification: Non-metallic
History
• The lifting agent for the ill fated Hindenberg
balloon was hydrogen rather than the safer
helium. The image below is the scene
probably in a way you have not seen it
before. This is a "ray-traced" image
reproduced with the permission of Johannes
Ewers, the artist, who won first place with
this image in the March/April 1999 Internet
Raytracing Competition.
Mr. J.Agius Personal Notes
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Unit 12: Integrated Science
Some Important Elements
Name
Symbol
Atomic Atomic
No.
Weight
Colour
Classification:
Hydrogen
0
Helium
C
Chlorine
F
Nitrogen
S
Argon
Si
Chromium
Al
Iron
Zn
Lead
Cu
Tin
Ag
Gold
Mg
Cobalt
Cd
Mr. J.Agius Personal Notes
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Unit 12: Integrated Science
Metal elements are…
• __________ __________ at room temperature, except mercury which is a liquid.
• _________ ________________ of _________ and _______________ when solid
or liquid.
• __________-______________
apart
from
_______,
___________
and
___________.
Non-Metal elements are…
• _________ ________and half of them are _________ at room temperature.
• __________ ______________of ________ and _______________ when solid or
liquid.
• ___________-__________________.
COMPOUNDS
• A ______________ is a substance which has been formed from the __________
of _______ (or more) ____________ which have been ___________
_____________ in a _____________ _________________.
• The ________________ and _________________ of the compound formed can
be ________ _____________ to the appearance and composition of the elements
that ________ ______________ to form the compound.
Mr. J.Agius Personal Notes
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Unit 12: Integrated Science
Mr. J.Agius Personal Notes
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Unit 12: Integrated Science
Name
Formula
Ammonia
NH3
Calcium Carbonate
CaCO3
Proportion of each element present in substance
Carbon Dioxide
1 Carbon 2 Oxygen
Carbon Monoxide
1 Carbon 1 Oxygen
Chlorine
CL2
Copper Oxide
CuO
Copper Sulphate
1 Copper 1 Sulphor 4 Oxygen
Hydrogen
2 Hydrogen
Hydrogen Chloride
1 Hydrogen 1 Chlorine
Hydrogen Sulphide
H2S
Iron Oxide
2 Iron 3 Oxygen
Magnesium Chloride
MGCL2
Magnesium Oxide
MgO
Metane
1 Carbon 4 hydrogen
Nitric Acid
1 Hydrogen 1 Nitrogen 3 Oxygen
Nitrogen gas
N2
Oxygen Gas
Potassium Hydroxide
2 Oxygen
KOH
Sodium Chloride
1 Sodium 1 Chlorine
Sodium Hydroxide
1 Sodium 1 Oxygen 1 Hydrogen
Nitrogen Dioxide
1 Nitrogen 2 Oxygen
Sulphuric Acid
2 Hydrogen 1 Sulphor 4 Oxygen
Water
2 Hydrogen 1 Oxygen
Zinc Oxide
1 Zinc 1 Oxygen
Mr. J.Agius Personal Notes
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Unit 12: Integrated Science
Particle Diagram Examples
Nitrogen Dioxide
WATER
•
Formula as often written: H2O
Formula as often written: NO2
Exercise:
Find the picture diagram for the following Compounds
Carbon Dioxide
•
Formula as often written: _______
Metane
•
Formula as often written: _______
Mr. J.Agius Personal Notes
Copper Sulphate
Formula as often written: _______
Sulphuric Acid
Formula as often written: _______
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Unit 12: Integrated Science
Questions
Mark the correct answer.
1
Atoms in a solid material are arranged in a geometric pattern called a(n) __________ .
A
kinetic framework
B
crystal lattice
C
atomic model
D
thermal ideal
2
As of the 1990s, scientists have proved the existence of how many states of matter?
A
Two
B
Three
C
Four
D
Five
3
What do we call a substance that only contains one kind of atom?
A
Element
B
Compound
C
Mixture
D
Molecule
4
Approximately how many elements are there?
A
About 100
B
About 150
C
About 200
D
About 10
Mr. J.Agius Personal Notes
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Unit 12: Integrated Science
5
Is water an element, a mixture or a compound?
A
Element
B
Mixture
C
Compound
D
None of them
6
What do the following symbols stand for? O, H, Cu, Cl, Fe, Al. Is it:
A
oxygen, helium, cobalt, chlorine, iron, gold
B
oxygen, hydrogen, copper, carbon, tin, aluminium
C
oxygen, hydrogen, copper, chlorine, iron, aluminium
7
How many types of atom are present in a compound?
A
One
B
Less than three
C
Any number
D
Two or more
8
Is air an element. mixture or compound?
A
Element
B
Mixture
C
Compound
D
None of them
Element, mixture or compound?
9
A
Element
B
Mixture
C
Compound
D
None of them
Mr. J.Agius Personal Notes
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Unit 12: Integrated Science
Element, mixture or compound?
10
A
Element
B
Mixture
C
Compound
D
None of them
Element, mixture or compound?
11
A
Element
B
Mixture
C
Compound
D
None of them
12
Which is NOT an element?
A
Nitrogen
B
Hydrogen
C
Oxygen
D
Carbon Dioxide
13
Which can be separated into simpler substances by a chemical change only?
A
A mixture
B
A solid
C
An element
D
A compound
14
The fact that Iron cannot be changed into a simpler form tells you that Iron is ___.
A
A molecule
B
A mixture
C
A compound
D
An element
Mr. J.Agius Personal Notes
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Unit 12: Integrated Science
Atoms and Elements
Q1
Which of the following are elements, which are compounds and which are neither? Put an E, a
C or an N in the box next to the substance.
Q2
Fill in the blanks in the following passage using the words provided.
Elements consist of one type of
. Elements can’t be
split up into anything simpler by
methods. There are
about
different elements. Each one has a name and a
shorthand
, e.g. Carbon, C. Everything on Earth is
made up of
. The Periodic Table is made up of groups
and periods. Some groups have names, such as group 1, the
metals, group 7, the
and group O, the
gases.
Q3
box.
Of the three diagrams below, which is a pure element? Tick the
Mr. J.Agius Personal Notes
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Unit 12: Integrated Science
Compounds
Q1
What is the difference between an element and a compound?
Q2
Divide the following into two sets, elements and compounds, by writing them on the correct
lines below.
Elements:
Compounds:
Q3
What elements do the following compounds contain?
Carbon dioxide
Copper sulphate
Q4
Name a compound that contains the following elements…
Iron, sulphur and oxygen
Hydrogen and sulphur
Mr. J.Agius Personal Notes
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Unit 12: Integrated Science
Q5
Look at the table below, then complete parts a) – d):
Melting Point (oC)
Boiling Point (oC)
Sulphur
112
444
Oxygen
-218
-183
Bromine
-7
58
Neon
-248
-246
Iodine
114
183
Element
Symbol
State at 20oC
a)
Write in the symbol of each element.
b)
Write in the state of each element at room temperature (20oC).
c)
Tick the non-metal which is a liquid at room temperature.
d)
In which state would you find the majority of non-metals at room temperature?
_____________________
Q6
Match the following metals up to their common uses.
Answers
1. Copper
A. Used for rust prevention
1
matches with
2. Lead
B. Used for bridges
2
matches with
3. Aluminium
C. Used for wiring
3
matches with
4. Gold
D. Used to keep out radiation
4
matches with
5. Bronze
E. Used in thermometers
5
matches with
6. Steel
F. Used for making statues
6
matches with
7. Zinc
G. Used for jewellery
7
matches with
8. Mercury
H. Used for aircraft
8
matches with
Mr. J.Agius Personal Notes
C
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