The Reformation
Christianity Branches Off
1517-?
The Troubled Church
Babylonian captivity
Great Schism
Calls for Reform
Weakened Church
The Church was weakened by problems through
the High Middle Ages (1300 and beyond...)
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Black Death, 1347
Babylonian Captivity, 1309-1378
Great Schism, 1378 to 1417
John Wycliffe, 1370s-80s
Jan Hus and the Hussites, early 1400s
Babylonian Captivity
• early 1300s - papacy
under influence of
French monarchy;
• pope moved his court
from Rome to
Avignon,
• remained until 1377
The Great Schism
• After being forced by
Roman mobs to elect
an Italian as pope, the
College of Cardinals
declared the election
invalid & elected a
second pope, who
settled in Avignon.
Calls for Reform
• Many Europeans
disliked abuses within
the Church, incl. the
clergy's means of
raising money.
John Wycliffe
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English Scholastic philosopher
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Oxford in England
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early dissident in the Roman Catholic
Church
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14th century
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followers were known as Lollards
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anticlerical and biblically-centred
reforms
precursor to the Protestant Reformation
earliest opponents of papal authority
influencing secular power.
translation of the Bible into the common
language,1382, now known as
Wycliffe's Bible.
Jan Hus
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Czech priest,
philosopher, reformer,
and master at Charles
University in Prague.
After Wycliffe considered the first
Church reformer
burned at the stake for
heresy against the
doctrines of the
Catholic Church
Indulgences
1min52
What's an indulgence?
Would you have bought one? Explain.
Indulgences
Martin Luther
8min42
What inspired Martin Luther?
What were his main goals at first?
What was the Church's reaction?
Martin Luther
Martin Luther
95 Theses
salvation is not from
good works, but a
free gift of God,
received only by
grace through faith
in Jesus as redeemer
from sin.
“justification by faith”
challenged the
authority of the pope of
the Roman Catholic
Church by teaching that
the Bible is the only
source of divinely
revealed knowledge
•
considered all
baptized Christians to
be a holy priesthood
•
Luther…
• Translation of the Bible into the
language of the people (instead
of Latin)
• made it more accessible, causing a
tremendous impact on the church
and on German culture.
• fostered the development of a
standard version of the German
language
• added several principles to the art
of translation
Luther…
• marriage set a
model for the
practice of clerical
marriage, allowing
Protestant priests
to marry
• In later years
became strongly
anti-Semitic
Luther’s Fate
Protected by German
Princes
1520 works banned
1521
excommunicated
Edict of Worms
Peasant revolts
Put down hard
Swiss Reformers
“Reformed”
• Separate from
Rome
• Huldrych Zwingli
– Theocracy?
– 1531 defeated by
Catholic army
• Mid-1500s John
Calvin
– Geneva
– Theocracy
– Utopia?
John Calvin – 5 points
1. Total depravity
•
Original sin
2. Unconditional election
•
predetermination
3. Limited atonement
•
Christ died for those whom God
decided to save, the “elect”
4. Irresistible grace
•
Those who are called cannot
resist to respond
5. Perseverance of saints
•
“Once you’re in, you’re in”
John Calvin
2min34
3 Facts please...
John Calvin
Radical Reformers
Radicals
Anabaptists
Deny gov. authority
Separate church-state
Persecuted
Many to America 1620s40s
Church of England
Reformation in England
Henry VIII vs Church
Pope refuses request
to divorce wife
Acts of Supremacy
Edward VI dies in
teens
“Bloody Mary”
Elizabeth I
tolerant
Effects of Creation of the Church of
England
English monarch
independent of church
and more powerful
Anti-church-of-England
means treason
No more outside
interference
England at war w/Spain,
France, etc – Catholic
countries
Internal conflicts
1:58
Henry VIII
Council of Trent
• Italy 1545
• Reaffirm Catholic
teaching
• Ended some abuses
– Sale of indulgences
– Simony
– Lack of clerical
education
• Inspired baroque art
style
Counter-Reformation
2min9
Counter Reformation
2:10
Spreading Catholicism
Ignatius of Loyola
Jesuits
Missionary
Answer only to pope
Strengthen & spread
Catholicism
Contrast Types of Christianity