RENEWED INTEREST IN
RAILWAY DEVELOPMENT IN
THE EAST AFRICAN REGION
PRESENTATION TO
PMAESA MOMBASA BEACH
HOTEL 23-25/11/10
ENG. S. OUNA
KENYA RAILWAYS
1
01/12/2010
PURPOSE OF THIS PRESENTATION
22
Give some historical background and current situation;
Explain the urgent need for robust railway connections
between East African Ports and hinterland;
Give an update on progress made by the regional
governments on the various railway development
initiatives including the SGR network;
List out certain challenges already identified;
State the way forward.
01/12/2010
“What is a regional vision without a
working railway system? Start doing
something on the railways even as the
roads take shape or else all this talk
about regional visions will not sound
serious”.
Quotation from THE STANDARD of 11th November, 2010
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01/12/2010
KENYA RAILWAYS MANDATE
4
Following the concessioning of Kenya Railways (and indeed other EA
Railways as well), its mandate was revised to include the following:
Management of the Concession Agreement.
Management of Non-Conceded Assets.
Promotion and facilitation of national railway network
development.
Planning and development of metropolitan rail transport
systems.
Development and Management of inland waterways.
Development and management of the Railway Training Institute
(Discussing with government to transfer responsibility to Kenya
Ports Authority)
01/12/2010
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
AND CURRENT SITUATION
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01/12/2010
IMPORTANT HISTORICAL EVENTS
6
1948 – Launching of the East African Railways and
Harbours under the East African High Commission
1967 – Launching of the EA Community
1967 – Railways and Harbours separated to
operate as different entities
1978 – The Giant EA Railways disintegrated
1972 – 1980 Various Railways procure a large
number of rails, locomotives and rolling stock
through the goodwill of development partners
01/12/2010
IMPORTANT HISTORICAL EVENTS
7
1978 – Mombasa – Nairobi white oil pipeline starts
operation; the pipeline was later extended to Eldoret and
Kisumu in 1994.
1980 – Kenya Railways and Uganda Railways hauled the
highest tonnage in the history of the two Railways (4.2 million
tonnes for KR)
1981 – Start of serious decline of the Railways, which has
continued to the present day despite application of some of
the best antidotes by most experienced doctors such as WB
and IMF!
01/12/2010
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ABOUT RAILWAYS IN
KENYA AND THE REGION
8
Kenya Railways/Uganda Railways and Rift Valley
Railways (RVR) Concession Agreement comes into
effected on 01/11/06 transferring responsibility for
existing railway operations and maintenance to RVR.
2009 – East African Community adopts Standard
Gauge for future new railway development in the
region.
01/12/2010
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ABOUT RAILWAYS
IN KENYA AND THE REGION
9
The Governments of Kenya and Uganda signed a
bilateral Agreement for the development and
subsequent seamless operation of a new high
capacity standard gauge railway connecting
Mombasa to Kampala on 2nd October 2010.
Restructured Concession Agreement signed on 0109-10.
Kenya Railways and Uganda Railways in the
process of identifying consultants to undertake
Preliminary design of the railway new standard
gauge railway.
01/12/2010
10
RENEWED INTEREST IN
RAILWAYS
Suitable for long haul and bulk freight and passenger
transport;
Fastest available land transport mode for long
distance and bulk freight and passengers (using
Standard Gauge Technology);
Reduces cost of doing business – transport cost
averaging 40% of the cost of goods and services;
The only effective way Mombasa and Dar-es-Salaam
can provide port services to the region; transport
demand has increased with liberalisation of regional
economies outstripping available capacity.
01/12/2010
11
RENEWED INTEREST IN
RAILWAYS
Environmentally friendly – lowest level of emission per
tonne-kilometre whether dieselised or electrified.
Railway transport is particularly attractive in Africa
where distances between population centres are long;
Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania like many African
countries is planning to build a new SG railway
network within the country.
01/12/201
0
NEW RAILWAY DEVELOPMENT PLANS AROUND
THE WORLD
12
Ethiopia = Studies for 5,000 kilometres in progress
Egypt = 120 km high speed passenger line CairoAlexandria
Libya = 1,500 km standard gauge railway (building
in progress)
Kazakhstan = Plans for 4,000 kilometres
Iran = Building in progress for 1,300 kilometres
China = continuous
01/12/2010
NEW RAILWAY DEVELOPMENT
PLANS AROUND THE WORLD
13
India = Converting Metre Gauge lines to Broad Gauge
(5ft 6in)
South Africa = Plans to build SG high speed passenger
lines
Nigeria = plans for 8,000 kilometres
Japan = Building new Shinkansen lines
Saudi Arabia = Feasibility Study for North – South line
Jordan = Feasibility Study Amman – Aqaba phosphate
export Railway
EAST AFRICA CANNOT AFFORD TO BE LEFT BEHIND
01/12/2010
NEED FOR EAST AFRICAN
COAST TO EXPAND ITS
INFLUENCE IN AFRICA
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01/12/2010
“THE ONLY WAY THE EAST
AFRICAN SEA COAST CAN
REMAIN RELEVANT IN THE
TRANSPORT DELIVERY
MARKET IS TO EXPAND ITS
INFLUENCE IN AFRICA”
15
01/12/2010
WHAT HAPPENS IF EA IGNORES
DEVEVELOPING RAILWAYS?
Mombasa and Dar-es-Salaam will close down due to
congestion as shippers shift to other regional ports,
Those regional ports will immediately replace Mombasa
and Dar-es-Salaam providing port services to the whole
of EA region.
Economies of Kenya and Tanzania will suffer irreparable
damage
The Great Lakes Region will not notice the difference
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01/12/2010
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01/12/2010
El Fasher
DARFUR
Ndjamena
Maiduguri
Zalingei
GULF OF
ADEN
Djibouti
CHAD
ETHIOPIA
NIGERIA
Addis Ababa
SOUTHERN
SUDAN
Nyala
CENTRAL AFRICAN
REPUBLIC
CAMEROON
Juba
Bangui
DOUALA
Yaunde
UGANDA
Kisangani
Kampala
Kasese
Archer’s Post
CONGO
GABON
Kisumu
RWANDA
Kigali
KENYA
LAMU
DRC
Mwanza
BURUNDI
PROPOSED SG RAILWAY
NETWORK DEVELOPMENT
IN EASTERN AFRICA AND BEYOND
Kigoma
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
ANGOLA
Bujumbura
Mombasa
Tabora
Tanga
TANZANIA
Dar-es-Salaam/
Bagamoyo
Mbeya
Mtwara
THE GREAT EQUATORIAL
LAND BRIDGE
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Nairobi
01/12/2010
INDIAN
OCEAN
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01/12/2010
TECHNICAL AND OTHER DETAILS OF THE
GREAT EQUATORIAL LAND BRIDGE
20
Suitable for long haul and bulk freight and
containerised and passenger transport
Standard Gauge Railway Land Bridge connecting
Atlantic and Indian Oceans
End Stations: Lamu (Kenya) and Douala (Cameroon)
Approximate length = 4,200 kilometres
Passes through: Juba (Southern Sudan), Bangui (CAR)
and Yaunde (Cameroon)
01/12/2010
TECHNICAL AND OTHER DETAILS OF THE
GREAT EQUATORIAL LAND BRIDGE
21
Purpose = Provide fast turn around for Panama-X
containerised ships with capacity over 12,000 TEUs.
Such ships cannot use Suez Canal and take too long
navigating around the Cape
The catchment area for the Land Bridge includes: the
Horn of Africa, East Africa, Southern Sudan, Tchad,
Ethiopia, CAR, Nigeria and Somalia.
Typical capacity of Land Bridge = 10 million TEU per
annum
The Bridge will secure Lamu as a distribution centre for
the regional ports and Kenya as a transport hub for the
rest of the continent
01/12/2010
THE EA RAILWAY
DEVELOPMENT
INITIATIVES: SGR NETWORK
But where would you get
resources for such expensive
undertaking?
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01/12/201
0
STANDARD GAUGE RAILWAY DEVELOPMENT
FROM
TO
EXTENTION TO
KM
ESTIMATED
COST (US$
BN)
Mombasa
Malaba
/Kisumu
Kampala,
Kigali, Bujumbura,
Kisangani
1,400
DL 4.5
2016
Rongai
Lodwa
Juba
1,000
SL 1.8
2016
Lamu
Lokichogio
Juba, Bangui,
Yaunde
1,600
SL 2.6
2020
Nairobi
Moyale
Addis Ababa,
Djibouti
700
SL 1.3
2020
Dar-esSalaam
Kigali,
Msongati
Kampala
1,400
SL 2.5
2020
23
DATE OF
COMP
ESTIMATED COST SINGLE LINE (SL) = US$ 1.8 MILLION PER KM
DOUBLE LINE (DL) = US$ 3.2 MILLION PER KM
01/12/2010
PROPOSED NATIONAL RAILWAY NETWORK AND CONNECTIONS
LOKICHOGIO
LODWA
RON
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01/12/2010
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Item
Specification
1.
Design Standard
AREMA
2.
Gauge
1,435 mm (standard gauge)
3.
Maximum gradient
1.00%
4.
Maximum curvature
1 degree (1,740 metres radius)
5.
Axle loading
32.5 tonnes
6.
Loading gauge
Suitable for double stacking of containers, double
deck coaches and electrification at 25 KV 50 Hz
7.
Freight trains maximum 120 kph
speed
8.
Passenger trains
maximum speed
180 kph but infrastructure designed to achieve 220
kph without modification
9.
Signalling
No line-side structures
10.
Communication
Fibre optic and/or micro wave backbone
11.
Motive power
High capacity diesel locomotives initially,
electrification in the long run
12.
IT
Comprehensive information and passenger security
systems inside the stations and in the coaches.
01/12/2010
EXISTING POSITIVE ENVIRONMENT FOR
RAILWAY DEVELOPMENT
26
The first huddle has been overcome, EA has recognised the need
for a high capacity standard gauge railway network;
EAC has adopted SGR for new railway development;
There is political will to develop the network;
Kenya and Uganda Governments have signed a bilateral
Agreement for joint development and seamless operation of the
proposed railway
Kenya and Ethiopia are discussing a similar MoU,
Tanzania, Rwanda, Uganda and Burundi have signed an MoU
01/12/2010
EXISTING POSITIVE ENVIRONMENT FOR
RAILWAY DEVELOPMENT
27
Tanzania and Rwanda governments have completed feasibility study of
the Kigali – Isaka section for SGR
Tanzania intends to undertake feasibility study for Isaka Sar-es-Salaam
section
Kenya Government through the Ministry of Transport is undertaking
preliminary design study of Lamu – Lokichogio (Juba) and Nairobi –
Moyale (Addis Ababa) lines;
KR and UR are in the process of identifying consultants for the
preliminary design stage of the MSA – MLB/KSM - KLA railway.
KR has called for expression of interest (EOI) from firms for preliminary
design of Mombasa – Malaba/Kisumu sections – EOIs to be submitted
on 02/12/10.
01/12/2010
CHALLENGES
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01/12/2010
CHALLENGES
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Cultivating a positive image of the proposed SGR
railway projects in the EA region and connections
within Africa
Harmonising operations between 1,042 mm gauge
(cape gauge) and the SG, which will exist
complementing each other in the EA region
Funding for the railway projects in the EA region
Competing interests (gauge issue)
Developing human capital for the proposed standard
gauge railway design, construction, equipment and
01/12/2010
operations
THANKS
30
01/12/2010