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CHROMOSOMES AND MEIOSIS
6.1
Study Guide
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KEY GONCEPT
Gametes have half
the number of
chromosomes that
body cells have.
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VOCABUTARY
somatic cell
autosome
fertilization
gamete
sex chrornosome
diploid
homologous chromosome
sexual reproduction
haploid
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meiosis
MAIN IDEA:
You have body cells and gametes.
1. What are the two major groups of cell types in the human body?
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Solamatic Cells/Bodv Cells and Germ
2.
Where are gametes located?
3. How many
chromosomes are in a typical human body cell?
46
MAIN IDEA: Your cells have autosomes and sex chromosomes.
Fill in the concept map below to summarize what you know about ohromosomes.
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Father
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sex chlomosomes
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46 chromosomes
in human body cells
Autosomes
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22 homologous pairs
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Unit 3 Resource Book
McDougal Littell Biology
Study Guide
1
Perlod
Name
Date
STUDY GUIDE, CONTINUED
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9.
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'What is the sex of a person with two X chromosomes?
Femalc
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1O. Which chromosome carries the fewest number of genes?
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Y chromosome
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MAIN IDEA: Body cells are diploid;
gametes are haploid.
11. What happens to the nuclei of the egg and sperm during fertilization?
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Thev fuse
12. What type of cells
are haploid?
13. What is the haploid ch¡omosotne number in humans?
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23 hanloid ch
14. How many
autosomes are present in each human gamete? How many sex chromosomes?
22 autosomes 1 sex chromosomes
15.
Complete the following table to summarize the differences between mitosis and meiosis.
Use Figure 6.2 to help you.
Mitosis
Makes diploid cells
Meiosis
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Makes haploid cells
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Makes genetically identical cells
Happens throughout lifetime
lnvolved in asexual reproduction
Makes genetically unique cells
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Happens at a specific time in a lifetime
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lnvolved in sexual reproduction
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Vocabulary Gheck
16. What
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are homologous chromosomes?
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A pair of chromosomes , one from the mother, one from the father, same ge nes, lenoths, and appearance
17. The wotd soma means "body." How does this relate to the meanings of autosome and
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sotnqtic cell?
Autosome: Chromosomo that flrects the body's development of tralts dlrectly relatod to sexual charaolerlstics. Somatic cell: Body cells
2
study Guide
Unit 3 Besource Book
McDouga Littell Biology